CHETTINAD PUBLIC SCHOOL

MANAGIRI, KARAIKUDI

CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

2022-2023

Topic :
INVESTIGATION OF THE FOAMING CAPACITY OF
DIFFERENT WASHING SOAPS AND EFFECT OF ADDITION OF
SODIUM CARBONATE ON IT

Name : R.NITHISH RAM

Class : XI-A
School : CHETTINAD PUBLIC SCHOOL , KARAIKUDI
 MANAGIRI, KARAIKUDI -630 307

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that R.NITHISH RAM student of class XI-A,

Chettinad Public School has completed the project on TOPIC under
the Guidance and supervision of chemistry Teacher Mr.
EDWARDFELIX during the academic year 2022-2023 and has been
submitted to the department of chemistry

SIGN OF INTERNAL EXAMINER SIGN OF EXTERNAL

EXAMINER

SIGN OF PRINCIPAL
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In the accomplishment of this project successfully, many people have

best owned upon me their blessings and the heart pledged support,
this time I am utilizing to thank all the people who have been
concerned with project.

Primarily I would like to thank God for being able to complete this
project successfully. Then I would like to thank my Principal for her
support. Then I want to thank my Chemistry teacher Mr.Edwardfelix
J, M.Sc, B.Ed., Chettinad Public School whose valuable guidance has
been the ones that help me patch this project and make it full proof
success. His suggestions and his instruction have served as the major
contributor towards the completion of the project.

Finally I want to thank my classmates who have helped me their

valuable suggestion and guidance has been very helpful in various
phases of the completion of the project.
NITHISH RAM . R
XI-A
 DECLARATION

I do hereby declare that this project work has been originally caried
under the guidance and supervision of Mr.Edwardfelix J, M.Sc,
B.Ed., Chettinad Public School,Karaikudi.

NITHISH RAM. R
XI-A
 CONTENTS

1. Objectives of the project

2. Introduction
3. Materials required
4. Procedure
5. Observation
6. Conclusion
7. Bibliography
 Objective of the Project
Report

The main objective of this chemistry project report is

“Investigation of the foaming capacity of different
washing soaps and the effect of addition of addition
of sodium carbonate on it” and

Investigation of the foaming capacity of different

washing soaps
To study about the effect of addition of sodium
carbonate on it
 INTRODUCTION
Soap's foaming ability is determined by the soap's
composition and concentration. Equal volumes of solutions
from various samples with the same concentration can be
compared by shaking them with the same force for the same
period of time. The solutions are then allowed to sit until the
froth created during shaking has dissipated. The amount of
time it takes for the foam to vanish in each sample is
calculated. The longer it takes for the foam to vanish in a
given sample of soap, the greater its foaming capacity or
cleaning activity.
Soap is an anionic surfactant that is used to clean and wash
with water. It's often sold as solid bars or a sticky liquid.
Saponification, or the interaction of common oils or fats with
strong alkalis, produces sodium or potassium salts of fatty
acids, which are used in soap. The lipids are hydrolyzed by
the base, which produces alkali fatty acid salts (crude soap)
and glycerol. Soap molecules have a hydrophilic end that
dissolves in water and a hydrophobic end that dissolves non-
polar grease molecules, making them ideal cleaning agents.
The foaming capacity of different soap samples may be
evaluated by measuring the quantity of foam formed by an
equivalent amount of various soap samples.
 MATERIALS REQUIRED FOR THE
EXPERIMENT
Five 100ml conical flasks

Five 20ml test tubes

100ml measuring cylinder

Test tube stand

Weight box and stop watch.

Five different samples of soap and distilled water.

 Aim
To investigate foaming capacity of different washing soap
and effect of addition of sodium carbonate on them. Soaps
and detergents are cleaning ingredients that are able to
remove oil particles from surfaces because of their unique
chemical properties.

Soaps are created by the chemical reaction of a jetty acid

with on alkali metal hydroxide. In a chemical sense soap is a
salt made up of a carboxylic acid and an alkali like sodium
of potassium. The cleaning action of soap and detergents is
a result of thrill, ability to surround oil particles on a
surface and disperse it in water.

Bar soap has been used for centuries and continues to be

an important product for batching and cleaning. It is also a
mild antiseptic and ingestible antidote for certain poisons.
SOAP Soap is a common term for a number of related
compounds used as of washing clothes or bathing. Soaps
are sodium or potassium salts of higher fatty acids such as
stearic acid (C17 H35 COOH), palmittic acid (C15 H31
COOH) and oleic acid (C17H35 COOH) they have the
general formula RCOONa and R COONa. Soap is produced
by a saponification or basic hydrolysis reaction of a fat or
oil. Currently sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide is
used to neutralize the fatty acid and convert it to the salt..

Types of Soaps

The type of fatty acid and length of the carbon chain

determines the unique properties of various soaps. Tallow
or animal fats give primarily sodium stearate (18 carbons) a
very hard, insoluble soap. Fatty acids with longer chains are
even more insoluble. As a matter of fact, 3inc stearate is
used in talcum powders because it is water repellent.
Coconut oil is a source of lauric acid (12 carbons) which can
be made into sodium lourate. This soap is very soluble and
will lather easily even in sea water. Fatty acids with only 10
or fewer carbons are not used in soaps because they irritate
the skin and have objectionable odors

THEORY
There is no quantitative method for the determination of
foaming capacity of a soap. The foaming capacity of soap
depends upon concentration of soap in the sample.
Solution of different soap are prepared by dissolving their
equal weights in equal volumes of distilled water. These
solutions are shaken vigorously to produce foam and then
they are allowed to stand. Time taken for the
disappearance of foam are measured for different samples.
Longer the time taken for the disappearance of foam in a
given sample of soap, greater is its foaming capacity
 PROCEDURE
Dissolve 0.5g of soap and dissolve it in 50ml of distilled
water

Take three test tubes and add distilled water in first, tap
water in second and third test tube

Add 5ml of M/10 sodium carbonate to third test tube

To above test tubes add soap solutions separately

Now shake first test tubes for the formation of the foam

Now start the stop watch to calculate time taken for

disappearance of foam

Similarly ,perform the experiment with other soap solutions

Record the observation in tabular form

 OBSERVATIONS

s.no Water used Time taken

1. Distilled water 15 min,12sec

2. Tap water 8min,45sec

3. Tap water +5ml 13min,24sec

M/10
Na2co3

CONCLUSION
Foaming capacity of soap is maximum in distilled water

Foaming capacity of the soap increases on the addition of

sodium carbonate
 Bibliography
INTERNET:
www.wikipedia.co.in
www.seminarsonly.com
www.academia.edu

BOOKS:
PRATICAL CHEMISTRY