ENGLISH PSDA ACTIVITY

TOPIC: LAWS RELATED TO

MINORITY, DISABILITY AND
DRUGS

NAME: ANSHIKA
SEC: B
ENR. NO. : A3221523178
COURSE: BBALLB(H)
YEAR : 2023-2028
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

In making this project, and completing it successfully, I had to

get help and guidance from some respected people. I am grateful
that I was given the opportunity to make this project, which has
enhanced my knowledge in so many aspects.

I would like to show my gratitude to my course instructor, Mr

Bhuvan Sharma and our principal Mrs Dubey for giving me
great guidance for this assignment. I wish to extend my special
thanks to my friends and family who have always been
supportive and guided me throughout this assignment.
 LAWS RELATED TO MINORITY

India, there are several laws and provisions aimed at protecting the rights of
minorities. Some key laws and provisions related to minorities in India include:

1. **Constitutional Provisions**: The Indian Constitution provides various

safeguards for minorities, including the right to equality (Article 14), prohibition of
discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth (Article
15), freedom of conscience and free profession, practice, and propagation of
religion (Article 25), cultural and educational rights (Articles 29 and 30), and the
right to conserve distinct language, script, or culture (Article 29).

2. **National Commission for Minorities (NCM) Act, 1992**: The NCM Act
establishes the National Commission for Minorities, which works to safeguard the
interests of minorities defined on religious and linguistic basis. It investigates
specific complaints regarding deprivation of rights and safeguards provided for
minorities.

3. **Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act,

1989**: While primarily focusing on the rights of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled
Tribes, this act also addresses atrocities against religious minorities and provides
for specific protections against such offenses.

4. **Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955**: This act aims to abolish

"untouchability" and provides penalties for the enforcement of any disability
arising from "untouchability."
5. **Religious and Charitable Endowments Acts**: Several states have enacted
laws to regulate and manage religious institutions and endowments, often
providing for the protection of the rights of minority religious communities in the
management of their religious institutions.

6. **Prevention of Communal and Targeted Violence (Access to Justice and

Reparations) Bill, 2011**: Though this bill hasn't been passed yet, it aimed to
prevent and control targeted violence, including mass violence, against religious
and linguistic minorities.

7. **Education Laws**: Various laws and policies ensure that minorities have the
right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice under
Articles 29 and 30 of the Indian Constitution. These include the Right of Children
to Free and Compulsory Education Act (RTE Act), 2009.

8. **Personal Laws**: Different religious communities in India are governed by

their personal laws concerning matters such as marriage, divorce, inheritance, etc.
These laws ensure that members of minority communities can follow their customs
and traditions in personal matters.

These are some of the key laws and provisions related to minorities in India.
However, it's important to note that the effectiveness of these laws in protecting
minority rights can vary, and challenges in implementation and enforcement
remain.

LAWS RELATED TO DISABILITY

In India, there are several laws and provisions aimed at protecting the rights and ensuring the
welfare of persons with disabilities. Some key laws and provisions related to disability in India
include:

1. **The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 (RPWD Act)**: This is a
comprehensive legislation that replaces the Persons with Disabilities (Equal
Opportunities, Protection of Rights and Full Participation) Act, 1995. The RPWD Act
enhances the rights and entitlements of persons with disabilities and covers a wider range
of disabilities. It provides for equal opportunities, protection of rights, and full
participation in society for persons with disabilities. The Act also mandates various
affirmative actions by the government and private sector to promote inclusion and
accessibility.

2. **The National Trust for Welfare of Persons with Autism, Cerebral Palsy, Mental
Retardation and Multiple Disabilities Act, 1999**: This Act provides for the constitution
of the National Trust to enable persons with disabilities to live as independently as
possible and to facilitate the realization of their rights and entitlements. It focuses on
promoting guardianship, legal protection, and welfare of persons with autism, cerebral
palsy, mental retardation, and multiple disabilities.

3. **The Rehabilitation Council of India Act, 1992**: This Act provides for the constitution
of the Rehabilitation Council of India (RCI) to regulate and standardize training programs
and services in the field of rehabilitation of persons with disabilities. The RCI sets norms
and standards for various rehabilitation programs and professionals working in the field.

4. **The Mental Healthcare Act, 2017**: While primarily focused on mental health care,
this Act also provides provisions for the protection and promotion of the rights of persons
with mental illness. It mandates the provision of mental health care and services,
including rehabilitation, for persons with mental illness.

5. **Accessible India Campaign (Sugamya Bharat Abhiyan)**: Launched by the

Government of India in 2015, this campaign aims to make public infrastructure and
 services accessible to persons with disabilities. It focuses on creating barrier-free
environments in public buildings, transportation, and information and communication
technology.

6. **Reservation in Education and Employment**: Various laws and policies provide

reservations for persons with disabilities in educational institutions and government
employment. For example, the RPWD Act mandates reservations for persons with
disabilities in education, employment, and various government schemes and programs.

These are some of the key laws and provisions related to disability in India, aimed at ensuring
the rights, welfare, and inclusion of persons with disabilities in society.

LAWS RELATED TO DRUGS

In India, laws related to drugs primarily fall under the purview of the Narcotic Drugs and
Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (NDPS Act). This act provides for the control and regulation
of operations relating to narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. Here are the key aspects of
the NDPS Act and other relevant laws related to drugs in India:
1. **Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (NDPS Act)**:
- The NDPS Act classifies drugs into various schedules based on their potential for abuse and
medicinal use. It regulates the cultivation, production, manufacture, possession, sale, purchase,
transport, warehousing, use, consumption, import, and export of narcotic drugs and psychotropic
substances.
- The Act prescribes penalties for offenses related to drugs, including trafficking, production,
possession, consumption, and financing of illicit activities involving drugs.
- It establishes special courts and empowers law enforcement agencies to investigate drug-
related offenses effectively.

2. **Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940**:

- This act primarily regulates the import, manufacture, distribution, and sale of drugs and
cosmetics in India.
- It provides for the licensing and registration of drug manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers, and
other stakeholders involved in the supply chain of pharmaceutical products.
- The Drugs and Cosmetics Act also lays down standards for the quality, safety, and efficacy of
drugs and cosmetics.

3. **Prevention of Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1988 (PIT
NDPS Act)**:
- This act complements the NDPS Act by addressing offenses related to the financing of illicit
traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances.
- It provides for the attachment and forfeiture of properties derived from or used in illicit drug
trafficking activities.

4. **Pharmacy Act, 1948**:

- The Pharmacy Act regulates the profession of pharmacy in India and ensures the proper
dispensation of drugs by qualified pharmacists.
- It mandates the registration of pharmacists and the maintenance of pharmacy premises in
accordance with prescribed standards.
5. **State Excise Laws**:
- Some states have additional regulations pertaining to the manufacture, sale, and consumption
of intoxicating substances, including alcohol and certain drugs.
- These laws may complement the provisions of the NDPS Act and impose specific restrictions
on the sale and distribution of certain drugs within the state.

6. **Rehabilitation and Treatment Programs**:

- Apart from punitive measures, India also emphasizes rehabilitation and treatment for
individuals suffering from drug addiction.
- Various government and non-governmental organizations operate de-addiction centers and
rehabilitation programs to assist individuals in overcoming substance abuse disorders.

It's essential to note that the laws related to drugs are subject to amendments and updates, and
individuals should refer to the latest versions of relevant statutes and regulations for accurate
information. Additionally, enforcement and implementation of drug laws may vary across
different states and regions within India.

CONCLUSION

These are some of the key laws and provisions related to minorities in India. However, it’s
important to note that the effectiveness of these laws in protecting minority rights can vary, and
challenges in implementation and enforcement remain.
These are some of the key laws and provisions related to disability in India, aimed at ensuring
the rights, welfare, and inclusion of persons with disabilities in society.
It’s essential to note that the laws related to drugs are subject to amendments and updates, and
individuals should refer to the latest versions of relevant statutes and regulations for accurate
information. Additionally, enforcement and implementation of drug laws may vary across
different states and regions within India