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Research I
Quarter 2 - Module 2
Scientific Report

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 9
Research I
Quarter 2 - Module 2
Scientific Report
 Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to Research I STE-9 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Writing
Scientific Report .

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators from
public institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator, in helping the learners meet the
standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and
economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning
activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire
the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and
circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the
module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will
help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also
need to keep track of the learners’ progress while allowing them to manage their own
learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do
the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to Research I STE-9 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Writing
Scientific Report.
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided
and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the
contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

This part includes an activity that aims to check

what you already know about the lesson to take. If
What I Know
you get all the answers correct (100%), you may
decide to skip this module.

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 This is a brief drill or review to help you link the
What’s In
current lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to

What’s New you in various ways; a story, a song, a poem, a
problem opener, an activity or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of the
What is It lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.
This comprises activities for independent practice to
solidify your understanding and skills of the topic.
What’s More
You may check the answers to the exercises using
the Answer Key at the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank sentence/
What I Have Learned paragraph to be filled in to process what you learned
from the lesson.
This section provides an activity which will help you
What I Can Do transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life
situations or concerns.

This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of

Assessment
mastery in achieving the learning competency.

In this portion, another activity will be given to you to

Additional Activities
enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson learned.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References - This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
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 What I Need to Know

This module encourages you to write a simple Scientific Research Report.

Various activities such as experiments are provided for you to perform and strengthen
your knowledge and skills regarding the topic.
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
 describe the nature and purpose of scientific writing;

 identify the components of research paper;

 apply the principle of scientific writing in preparing a research proposal; and

 value the significance of writing quality research proposal.

What I Know

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Use the answer sheet provided
for you.
1. Which of the following is considered as a method of communication that attempts to tell
others about the specific data that you gathered?
a. Basic Research report c. Experimental report
b. Scientific research report d. Simple laboratory report
2. The following are characteristics of title in scientific research, EXCEPT
a. Topic-specific and informative c. Has important key words about the study
b. Concise and easy to understand d. Abbreviation is allowed
3. It is the summary of the content of your manuscript or paper that highlights the
introduction, methods, results, discussion, and conclusion.
a. Abstract c. Methodology
b. Title d. Scope and Limitation of the study
4. Which among the choices includes the variable, scope of the study, material and
procedure?
a. Abstract c. Discussion
b. Conclusion d. Methodology
5. Mr. Felipe told his students in Research I that the following should be written in past
tense, EXCEPT
a. Result c. Hypothesis
b. Discussion d. Conclusion
6. The following statements about the scientific research are correct, EXCEPT
a. The conclusion is short statement directly related to the result.
b. Hypothesis is an educated guess about the expected result of the study.
c. The title of the study must be related to the objectives.
d. Results are usually present in a form of tables and graphs.

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7. Which part of the research paper explains the relationship between the result and to
your initial objective and hypothesis?
a. Appendices c. Discussion
b. Abstract d. Result
8. It is an important part of scientific research paper that acknowledges the sources in your
study in order to avoid plagiarism and strengthens your argument
a. Appendices c. Abstract
b. Result d. References
9. Which of the following statement is true about summary?
a. Concise restatement of the essential points made in the discussion of results
b. Answer the problem stated earlier in the introduction
c. Provide the most general claims that can be supported by the evidence
d. It is based on the result of the study
10. In the study “The effect of light and temperature on the growth of Mycobacterium
Tuberculosis,” which pair is/are correct?
a. Manipulated factors: light and temperature
b. Parameter that was measured: growth
c. Organism being studied: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
d. All of the choices
11. The following are statements true about discussion in scientific research EXCEPT
a. It serves to answer the questions posed in the introduction
b. Explain how the results support the answer and how the answer
c. It should include side issues
d. Must be kept short while stating, supporting, explaining and depending the answer
to the question
12. In writing the abstract in the scientific paper, the following must be taken into
consideration EXCEPT
a. Informs the reader about the objectives of the study
b. Brief background or content
c. Should be written at the beginning of the study
d. Must be short paragraph limited to about 200 words
13. Its main purpose is to offer the reader an overview of the current state of research,
different approaches, strengths and weaknesses, and the further needed research
a. Abstract c. Literature Review
b. Introduction d. Methodology
14. Which part of the research paper will give the reader a background of what the
research is all about?
a. Title c. Rationale
b. Abstract d. Introduction
15. In order to be a scientific hypothesis, it must be
a. proven correct c. testable
b. simple d. popular

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 Notes to the Students

Well, how was it? Did you have any difficulty in answering this part? You can
check your answers on the last page of this module. If all of your answers are
correct, very good! This shows that you have understood the topics tackled in this
module. You may use this module to review what you already know. Who knows,
you might learn some more information If you got less correct answers, don’t feel
bad. This module is for you and it will help you understand some important
concepts that you can apply in your daily life. If you study this module carefully, you
will learn the answers to all the items in the test and a lot more! Are you ready?

What’s In

MATCH BETTER

Directions: Match column A with the correct answer on column B.

Write the letter of the answer on the space provided before
the number.
COLUMN A COLUMN B

___1. It is usually presented by tables and graphs A. Hypothesis

___2. It is a problem that can be answered through B. Scientific method

scientific investigation
C. Procedure
___3. It is looking at the data gathered and results
and making decisions D. Data

___4. It uses senses to collect information E. Conclusion

___5. It is the steps in a scientific process F. Scientific question

___6. It is looking for information about new facts G. Research

___7. It predicts of what you think will be the result of H. Materials

the study I. Observation
___8. It is the process conducted by researchers to
find scientific answers J. Analyze
___9. It is necessary things to complete the
investigation
___10. It is the outcome proving your hypothesis and
discussing your result

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 What’s New

CRACK THE CODE

Directions: Check out this clever hidden message from a young researcher. Decode
the secret message by inserting the correct letter of the alphabet in each
space.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
26 18 1 2 25 17 3 4 24 16 5 6 23

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
15 7 8 21 14 9 10 20 13 11 22 19 12

___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
A
9 1 24 25 15 10 24 17 24 1 11 14 24 10 24 15 3

is a form of B ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ writing
25 22 8 7 9 24 10 7 14 19

by presenting one’s thoughts or C ___ ___ ___ ___ in a particular

24 2 25 26

field of study. It involves D ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

14 25 8 7 14 10 24 15 3

and E ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

24 15 10 25 14 8 14 25 10 24 15 3

F ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ .
7 18 9 25 14 13 26 10 24 7 15

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 Writing Scientific Report

What is It

Scientific Writing is a technical form of writing

it is designed to communicate scientific information to
other scientists about some specific data that you
have gathered and what you think those data mean in
the context of research. Scientific papers must be
written clearly and concisely so that the readers with
backgrounds similar to yours can understand easily
what you have done and how you have done it.

Characteristics of a Good Scientific Writing

A. Accurate
The data presented in your scientific paper must
be accurate. Make sure that the information you give
is true. Vague and ambiguous language like about,
approximately, almost must be avoided.

B. Concise
Communicate to the reader in a brief and
straightforward manner without omitting relevant
materials or information.

C. Clear
Writing is clear when you devoid of ambiguity. It must be easily understood and
well-organized. Stick to the facts and avoid unnecessary commentary. To achieve
systematic thoughts and ideas, an outline before writing a scientific paper is highly
recommended

D. Objective
To be objective you have to avoid biases in presenting, discussing, and evaluating
findings. Select the most sufficient and most pertinent evidences to arrive at the simplest
explanation of observation. In explaining the data gathered, consider information from
other researchers that does not agree with yours.

E. Comprehensive
Scientific paper must contain the essential part of research provided each
component contain all the prescribed content and is written following the prescribed style
and format.

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 Components of Scientific Research

1. Title
The title provides the first impression to the
reader. It must be brief, topic-specific, and
informative, clearly indicating the purpose of your
study. It should focus on your major variables to be
studied and their relationship. If possible, limit the
title to 15 words or fewer.

2. Abstract
The abstract is a short summary of your technical paper about 150-200 words. Its
main purpose is to inform the reader concisely about the objective of the study, materials,
and methods employed, the findings, and the conclusion. This part of the study must be
both interesting and easy to read. When writing a paper, the abstract is always the last
part to be written in past tense.
3. Introduction
The introduction provides the background information necessary to understand why
the described experiment was conducted. It should describe previous research on the
topic that has led to unanswered questions being addressed by the experiment and
should cite important previous papers that form the background for the experiment.
Subsections of the Introduction
a. Background of the Study
It is a compilation of adequate information based on the analysis of the
problem or proposed arguments. It is where you described the events which lead to your
research and state a clear reason for pursuing the study.
b. Statement of the Problem
The problem is divided into main and sub-problems. This makes your task at
hand manageable for planning purposes and leads to defining the data that must be
obtained to answer the problem.
The problem statement is a sentence form or in a form of a question that
identifies the independent variables and the dependent variables. It provides a brief
description of the problem that has been raised or needs to be addressed.
c. Significance of the Study
The significance of the study justifies why conducting the research is
worthwhile. The findings from the study make a significant contribution to new knowledge,
facilitate policy formation, and help improve the quality of living. It also describes a certain
group of people who will benefit from the study.

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d. Scope and Limitation
The part of the study that describes the samples, treatments used, and
existing limitations of the samples. It also includes the sources of the sample, quality, and
seasonal nature, if there is any. Equipment’s accuracy and precision used in the study is
crucial. In setting the scope and limitation of the study, the researcher should take note of
the time frame for the research in addition to where the study will be conducted.
4. Review of Related Literature
A review of related literature is an important survey of the relevant researcher in a
certain field of study. It involves a precise interweaving of past researches with the
present study. The review was composed of carefully selected and organized articles that
will establish the “narrative story” of the study. It should answer the following key
questions:

What is the current state of knowledge on the topic?

What differences in approaches/ methodologies are there?
Where are the strengths and weaknesses of the research?
What further research is needed?

The review may identify the gap in the literature which provides a rationale for your
research and supports your research questions and methodology.
5. Materials and Methods or Methodology
A part of the research paper that explains the details of the study. The researcher
must describe the design of the experiment, the apparatus/equipment, methods of
gathering data, and the type of control. If work is done in a natural habitat, the researcher
must describe the area, state of its location, and when the study was conducted. If
specimen were used in the study, the researcher must state where and when the study
was collected. Make this section detailed and clear enough so that any reader or future
researcher must be guided accordingly if they wish to replicate your study.

6. Results and Discussion

The result is a concise, tabular, or
graphic summary of your findings. Present only
the result of the study. Interpretation or
conclusion of what the result means should be
avoided in this section. If tables and /or figures
are used, they must be accompanied by
narrative text.

In the discussion, the researcher interprets the data in terms of patterns that were
observed. It must establish the relationship among variables and include explanations of
how the results differed from those hypothesized, or how the results were either different
or similar to those of any related experiments done by other researchers.

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7. Summary and Conclusion
The summary is a review or brief
statement of essential information made in
the discussion of the result. It contains the
major result of the study with no new
information or ideas.
Conclusion simply states the answers
to the problems mentioned in the
introduction. It is based on the results of the
investigation.
Both summary and conclusion must
be objective, explicit, well-organized, and
relevant to the present study. It must be
consistent with the rest of the paper and
must not contradict what has been said in
the earlier sections of the paper.

8. Recommendations
It is based on the result of the study and indicates the specific measures to be done.
The other aspect of the study that arose during the conduct of the study but was not given
enough attention by the researcher. Suggestions as to whether the product is
recommended for commercial application or under further study are also station in this
section.

9. Literature Cited/ Bibliography

It contains all the literature cited in the research paper. It is arranged in alphabeti-
cal order by author that were used or consulted to write a research paper. The basic
format for a book citation requires the author’s name, the title of the book, the publisher’s
name, and the date of publication.

10. Appendices
It provides supporting materials to your research paper that includes relevant letters
to participants and organization, background reports, raw data detailed calculations.
Appendices are placed at the end of the report.

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 What’s More

Independent Activity 1
Check It Out
Direction: Put check mark for phrases that best defines the given words and mark X
if it is not.

v TITLE ABSTRACT
___a. brief, concise, topic-specific and ___a. informs the reader about the
informative objective of the study
___ b. describes the content of the ___ b. condensed write-up of a
paper technical paper
___ c. abbreviation is allowed ___ c. short paragraph limited to 200
words
___ d. self-explanatory
___ d. explains thoroughly the
___ e. composed of not less than 20
methods and materials
words
___ e. verbatim copied from the
technical paper

INTRODUCTION
___ a. stimulate the reader’s interest
___ b. written in present tense
___ c. at least composed of 200 words or less
___ d. subsections includes background of the study,
statement of the problem, significance of the study,
and scope and limitation
___ e. explains the details and procedure of the study

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Independent Assessment 1
What Went Wrong
Directions: Modify TRUE or FALSE. Write true if the statement is correct if FALSE,
underline the word/s that make the statement incorrect.

_________ 1. A title is a selection of carefully organized, focused, and relevant

topics.
_________ 2. An abstract is a concise summary that enables the reader to quickly
access the content and direction of the research.
_________ 3. An introduction generally include rationale, key terms, research
question and hypothesis.
_________ 4. The scope and limitation of the study is part of the abstract.
_________ 5. The significance of the study clearly describes how the investigation
can contribute to new knowledge and improve the quality of living.

Independent Activity 2
Research Anagram
Directions: Anagrams are words that contain the same letter but are arranged in a
different order. Identify what is being described in the following statements by
rearranging the anagrams.

RUSTLE
_________ 1 Present data in a manner that is easy to read and interpret.

_________ 2. SOD THEM

Describes all experimental procedures including control.

_________ 3. WERE VI FO LATE RED RAT RITE LUI

Interweaving past researches that support the investigation

_________ 4. MALE TRIAS

Equipment, chemicals, specimen and the like

__________ 5. TIRED VEN AMID PRY

Guide in developing the discussion

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Independent Assessment 2
Complete Me
Direction: Fill in the blanks with the best answer found inside the answer bank.

related tables and result and

knowledge reliable
literature figures discussion

1. Literature review probes that new _________ will arise in the current research.
2. A researcher who obtains the same result using identical experimental condition
and materials means that the study is _________.
3. The ‘heart’ of research paper is the _________ since it contains the data and
findings of the research.
4. Experimental result or data can be presented through _________.
5. Outline in the form of inverted pyramid is a good guide in developing the discussion
of _________.

Independent Activity 3
Word Up
Directions: Rearrange the letters to form the word being described in the following
statements.
___________ 1. PHYARGIIOBBL List of cited published articles

___________ 2. AXIPPNED Formula, derivation of formula

computations and communications

___________ 3. MENRECOMADNIOTS Suggestions about the product

___________ 4. MARYSUM It recapitulates the major results of the

study

___________ 5. LUNIOSCCON The answer to the problem stated in the

introduction

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Independent Assessment 3

Is it a FACT or a BLUFF

Directions: Analyze the statements below. Write FACT if the statement

is correct and BLUFF if not.
_________ 1. Summary is a concise restatement of essential points made in
the discussion of results.
_________ 2. Voluminous raw data that can no longer be accommodated in
the summary are placed in the appendix.
_________ 3. Literature cited are arranged alphabetically by author.
_________ 4. Summary and conclusion state the significant result and
generalization with new information and findings.
_________ 5. Included in the appendix are books articles and raw data used in
the study.

What I Have Learned

You are now familiar with scientific writing. It is time for you to shine by
completing the statement below. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
I have learned that ____________________________________________.
My chosen words are __________________________________________.
I know that I know _____________________________________________.
First, I know ________________ as _______________________________.
In addition, ___________________________________________________.
Finally, ______________________________________________________.
Now, you know something that I know _____________________________.

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 What I Can Do

Let’s Practice!!!
Directions: Carefully analyze the scenario and complete the table below.
Felipe wonders if adding salt to distilled water will affect how long it takes the water
to freeze. He thinks that saltwater will freeze more quickly than fresh water. He decides to
check his hypothesis by experimenting. He takes two ice trays and fills one with distilled
water and the other with distilled water that has two tablespoons of salt added. He makes
sure he puts exactly the same amount of water in each plastic cup. He places the plastic
cups in the freezer. He checks the plastic cups every 10 minutes to see if the water in
each tray has begun to freeze. Felipe finds that after 20 minutes, the water in the ice tray
without the salt has started to form ice, while the ice tray with the saltwater is still
completely liquid.
Title
Must be brief, topic-specific and

Objectives
Tells the reader what is being

Hypothesis
The possible answer to the problem

Materials
List of all materials needed in the

Methods
Describe the procedure in past tense. It
can pointed or numbered. Use passive

Result
Record of what observed in the

Discussion
Is the hypothesis correct?
What problems were encountered?
How could the experiment be improved?
* It should be written in past tense.
(5 points)
Conclusion
Short statement directly related to the
objectives and should be written in past
tense (5 points)
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 References

Caintic Helen E., Cruz J.M. Scientific Research Manual . Quezon City: C&E
Publishing, Inc., 2008
Chrandramohan Sriram. How to Write Scientific Research Paper( 2015)
International Journal of Research
Dintzner, M. R.; Niedziela, R. F. Elements of laboratory report writing.
http://chemistry.che.depaul.edu/LabReport/ Retrieved 10/26/2020

Emerson, L.; Hampton, J. Writing Guidelines for Science and Applied Science
Students, 2nd ed.; Thomson/Dunmore Press: Southbank, Vic., 2005.
Retrieved 10/26/2020
Evans, D (1995). How to write better thesis or report. Australia: Melbourne
University Press Retrieved 10/26/2020

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Department of Education, Schools Division of Bulacan
Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan
Email address: lrmdsbulacan@deped.gov.ph