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_ DSMMLPTOSOE<ì…‚ÇÖ]<Å^Ê<_<<<VØ‘]çjÖ]<æﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﻌﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﻕ ﻭﻋﺎﻤﻠﻪ
ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺱ
ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺴﻨﻁﺒﻕ א
[< < ،وه َ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤلُ ،و ﻤﻔﻌﻭلٌ ﻤﻁﻠﻕﹲ روف ﻠ ا ﻠ در د آﻠ ] .ä×Ú^Â<Íæ†u<î× ] ë…^¢]<fi…‚’¹]<çâﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺘﻤل[
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺭﻭﻓﻪ ﻓﻴﻌﺭﺏ ﻤﻔﻌﻭﻻﹰ ﻤﻁﻠﻘﺎﹰ ،ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤلُ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻫﻭ :ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ[ ﻬﻢَ(
َﻓ ِ ] ً
ﻓﻬﻤﺎ :ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺒﻌﺩ) ﺍﻝﻔﻌل: ـ ﻓﻬﻤﺖُ ﺍﻟﺪﱠﺭﺱَ ﻓﻬﻤﺎً).(١
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺭﻭﻑ ﻤﺎﻀﻴﻪ )ﻓﹶﻬﹺﻡ (ﻓﻴﻌﺭﺏ ،...ﻭﻋﺎﻤﻠﹸﻪ :ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ[ ﻫﻢٌ(
ﻓﺎ ِ ]ﻓﻬﻤﺎً :ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺒﻌﺩ) ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻔﺎﻋل: ﻫﻢٌ ﺍﻟﺪﱠﺭﺱَ َﻓﻬْﻤﺎً).(٢
ـ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻓﺎ ِ
...ﻓﻬﻭ ﻤﻔﻌﻭلٌ ﻤﻁﻠﻕ ،ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤلُ ﻓﻴﻪ :ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ [ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ( ]ﻓﻬﻤﺎً :ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺒﻌﺩ) ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﻌﻭل: ـ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺱُ ﻣﻔﻬﻮ ٌﻡ ﻓﻬﻤﺎً).(٣
...ﻓﻴﻌﺭﺏ ﻤﻔﻌﻭﻻﹰ ﻤﻁﻠﻘﺎﹰ ،ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤلُ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻫﻭ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ )ﻓﹶﻬﻤﻚ([ ]ﻓﻬﻤ ًﺎ :ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺒﻌﺩ) ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺩﺭَ :ﻓ ْ
ﻬﻤُﻚ( ـ ﺃﻋﺠﺒﻨﻲ َﻓ ْﻬ ُﻤﻚَ ﻟﻠﺪﱠﺭﺱِ ﻓﻬﻤﺎً.
íçe†¹]<ð^jÖ^e<áçÓè : " # ً ﻻﺴﻡ ﻅﺎﻫﺭﹴ أو ﻀﻤﻴﺭﹴ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ )ﺒﻌﺩﻩ ﺼﻔﺔ ]ﻨﻌﺕ[( ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ا( ' . ا& %ﻠ ا%ر ـ
ﻧﻮﻣﺔ :ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﻤﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﻔﻌل )ﻨﺎﻡ (ﻓﻬﻭ ﻤﻔﻌﻭل )ﻧﺎﻡ( ﻧﻮﻣﺎ :ﻤﺒﻴﻥ ﻝﻨﻭﻉ ﻋﺎﻤﻠﻪ )ا : +ﻧﻮﻡَ :ﻤﺒﻴﻥ ﻝﻨﻭﻉ ﻋﺎﻤﻠﻪ
ً )ﻧﺎﻡ( ﻧﻮﻣﺎً :ﻤﺅﻜﱢﺩ ﻝﻌﺎﻤﻠﻪ
ﻷﻨﻪ ﻤﻀﺎﻑﹲ ﻝﻠﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ )ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺋﻒِ( .ﻤﻁﻠﻕ ]ﻻﺸﺘﻤﺎﻝﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻝﻔﻌل[ ﻧﺎﻡ( ﻷﻨﻪ ﻤﻭﺼﻭﻑ ) {eﻫﺎﺩﺋﺎ(. ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻑ ﻭﺍﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ.
ﻤﺒﻴﻥ ﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻗﻭﻉ ﻋﺎﻤﻠﻪ )ﻨﺎﻡ.(
ـ ﴿ﻓﺄﺧﺬﻧﺎﻫﻢ ﺃﺧﺬَ ﻋﺰﻳﺰٍ﴾...
א و و :أن ﻳﺒﻘﻰ َﺗﻨْﻮِﻳﻨُﻪُ
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]ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ [٢ ]ﻤﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻷﻨﻪ ﻤﻔﺭﺩ ،را*)
: ٥٥ﺍﻝﻤﺒﻴﻥ ﻝﻠﻨﻭﻉ ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ:
د
[ )ﺃﺧَﺬ( ﺃﺧْﺬَ :ﻤﺒﻴﻥ ﻝﻨﻭﻉ ﻋﺎﻤﻠﻪ ل، ]ﻨﻭﻤﺎﹰ[ ،ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ
)(٨
ـ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻞُ ﻧﻮﻣﺘَ #ـ ﻧﻮﻣﺎﺕٍ ] .ﺩﺍﺌﻤﺎﹰ[
)ﻋﺰﻳﺰٍ(. ﻷﻨﻪ ﻤﻀﺎﻑﹲ ﻝﻠﻨﻜﺭﺓ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ÷< ،ŁáçĆ ßÿ èŁﻜﻘﻭﻝﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻝﻰ:
ﻛﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﻲ ﻓﻲ )ﺭﺜﺎﺀ ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ(: