Water action and river processes:

1. Erosion: Rivers have the power to erode the land through various processes. The three main types of
erosion caused by water are hydraulic action (the force of water against the riverbanks), abrasion (the
wearing away of the riverbed by the sediment carried by the water), and attrition (the wearing down of
rocks and sediment carried by the river).

2. Transportation: Rivers transport eroded materials downstream. The three main modes of
transportation in rivers are suspension (fine particles carried within the water), saltation (small pebbles
and stones bounced along the riverbed), and traction (large boulders or rocks rolled along the riverbed).

3. Deposition: When the velocity of the river decreases, it loses the energy needed to transport sediment,
resulting in the deposition of sediment along its course. Deposition commonly occurs in areas where the
river flow slows down, such as inside meanders, at river mouths, or in lakes and reservoirs.

4. Meandering: Meandering refers to the winding, sinuous pattern of river channels. It occurs when a
river flows through a flat or gently sloping floodplain. The erosive action of the river is concentrated on
the outer bank of bends, while deposition occurs on the inner bank.

5. Floodplains: A floodplain is the flat or nearly flat land area adjacent to a river channel. It is formed by
the deposition of sediment during floods. Floodplains are usually fertile and agriculturally productive due
to the deposition of nutrient-rich sediments.

6. River deltas: Deltas are landforms formed at the mouths of rivers where they enter bodies of standing
water, such as oceans or lakes. Deltas are characterized by their triangular or fan-shaped appearance
and are created through the deposition of sediment carried by the river.

7. River rejuvenation: River rejuvenation refers to the process of erosion and downcutting that occurs
when a river's base level drops, typically due to tectonic uplift or a drop in sea level. Rejuvenation leads
to the formation of features such as river terraces, waterfalls, and gorges.
8. Flooding: Flooding is a natural process in which a river's discharge exceeds its channel's capacity to
carry the water. Floods can cause significant damage to human settlements and infrastructure, but they
also play a vital role in shaping river valleys and maintaining the health of ecosystems.

These are just a few key points about water action and river processes. Rivers are dynamic systems
influenced by various factors such as climate, geology, and human activities, so their behavior can vary
widely depending on the specific circumstances.