Business Ethics and SENIOR

HIGH
Social Responsibility SCHOOL

Common Practices in Business Module

Organization Part 1 9
Quarter 3

Business Ethics and Social Responsibility

Business Ethics and Social Responsibility- Grade 12
Quarter 3 – Module 8: Common Practices in Business Organization
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that no copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand

names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective
copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use
these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors
do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Eunice H. Mariposque
Editor: Content/Language : Hedelita B. Calonia/ Edna D. Camarao
Reviewers: Content/Language : Hedelita B. Calonia, Dennis T. Alex / Aillen G.
Sumagaysay, Edna D. Camarao
Illustrator: Name
Layout Artist: Name
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Carolina T. Rivera, Ed. D.
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Victor M. Javena, Ed. D.
Chief - School Governance and Operations Division
Manuel A. Laguerta, Ed. D.
Chief- Curriculum Implementation Division

Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS)
Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang)
Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of

Pasig City
Business Ethics
and Social SENIOR
HIGH
Responsibility SCHOOL

Module

9
Quarter 3

Common Practices in Business

Organization Part 2
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Senior High School – Common Practices in Business

Organizations Part 2!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Business Ethics and Social Responsibility Self-Learning

Module on Common Practices in Business Organization Part 2!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

1. describe the common business practices on policies, advertising,

marketing, bookkeeping, reportorial requirements, and
documentation;
2. state the importance of ethical practices in decorum and protocols;
and
3. craft simple “code of ethics” or “code of right conducts” for policies,
advertising, marketing, bookkeeping, reportorial requirements,
and documentation.

PRETEST

Tell whether the statement is True or False.

1. Big companies spend a lot of money on advertising.

2. Marketing focuses only on product development.
3. Bookkeeping is a process of recording a monthly basis of transactions that
pertains to the activities of the business.
4. Reports are given to different parties involved in the business for them to
understand the status and position of the firm.
5. A code of ethics is created to help achieve the goal of the company.

RECAP
Give three examples of common practices under the following category:

• On-Time
• On Attire and Appearance
• On Speaking in Meetings

Let us recall. What are the four examples of protocols in Philippine business?

1.
2.
3.
4.
 LESSON

The last meeting, we discuss the two types of common business practices,
decorum, and protocol. Meanwhile, we will continue discussing other common
business practices that we also need to know and understand.

A. Policies

Features of Business Policies

a. Specific- A company must always set a very specific policy for the employee
to comply with. The policy must be definite to achieve a smooth
implementation of the said rules.
b. Clear- Every policy must be stated clearly. In creating policy, you must
make sure that it can easily be interpreted and not be misunderstood.
c. Reliable- a policy should be uniform to avoid confusion and to effectively
implement in the organization.
d. Appropriate- A policy must be in line with the company’s mission and
vision.
e. Simple – policy should be easily understood by everyone in the
organization.
f. Flexible- it should be wide in scope that it is appropriate in every
departments and situation and can be used repetitively or in a routine
manner.

B. Advertising
Companies use different platforms to
reach their prospective and loyal
clients. They use an advertisement to
encourage more people to buy their
products and inform them about the
good qualities of their products or
service that it offers. Advertising can
be in different forms. Ads may appear
in television, radio, magazines,
newspapers, directories, billboards,
leaflets and the most common today
https://pixabay.com/photos/internet-content-portal-search-315132/
and the most used platform is online.
The most effective way to catch the attention of your customers is by
influencing their emotions. Through emotions, you can easily hook the heart of your
buyers to purchase your product because they can feel the connection about their
belief, personality, occupation, lifestyle, relationships, and more.

There are a lot of ways to convince prospective customers and one of the
helpful ways to do that is through word of mouth. It is easy to convince other clients
once someone connected to them (relatives, friends, neighbors, family members, co-
workers, etc.) introduces that product. This is very helpful especially if your company
does not have sufficient funds to allocate a million peso for advertisement. Yet, big
companies budget a big portion of their finances in advertisement because even if
there is a higher expense for that, the return is also hundredfold. According to
iConcept Global Advertising Inc., a lease of a billboard in EDSA will cost you an
estimate of P300,000.00 to P500,000.00 pesos. While a 30-second TV commercial is
approximately P500,000.00 to P800,000.00 and a small image of advertisement in a
local newspaper would probably cost you P20,000.00 to P50,000.00. And many large
companies are allocating their funds around 4 to 20 billion annually for TV ads
alone.
Still, it always depends on the firm on what could be the most appropriate
advertisement the company will going to use to capture their customers.

C. Marketing
Marketing involves the whole process of product development, logistics,
promotion, and advertisement. Whatever things involve customers are under
marketing. In this aspect, the needs and wants of the customers should always come
first. That is why it is crucial to create and develop new and existing products
because it should always satisfy the needs of your customers. Especially nowadays,
there are a lot of competitors around that anytime can get your market share. So, it
is always important to note that your objective should be the superior product to be
consistent in the lead and to be the number one option for your valued customers.
When it comes to promotions, marketers use a variety of methods that
includes traditional media like television, radio, newspapers, magazines, and
billboards. Yet, marketers now preferred the most used platform and one the effective
media, the websites, and social media. Through this, it easier for marketers to locate
and reach their customers and also introduce and present their more cheaply. Also,
surveys and feedback from customers can be communicated faster, and so, ideas in
developing products are reliable.

D. Bookkeeping
Bookkeeping is a process of recording a day-to-day basis of transactions that
pertains to the activities of the business that involves the finances of the company to
keep track of flows of cash. Companies must have a good bookkeeping system to
have an accurate report made monthly, quarterly semi-annually, and annually. With
a good bookkeeping system, it can communicate easily with the results of the
finances and management can make appropriate decision/s regarding its final
report.
You must have an organized way to do bookkeeping so that every recorded
transaction is correct and precise.

With the use of bookkeeping, owners can know if the company is being
profitable or not. Firms can also file the correct amount of tax for the sales they incur
for the whole year. Moreover, if a business has a well-organized book, lenders like
banks can easily assess if the company is worthy of lending a good amount of money.
 E. Reportorial Requirements
There are many reportorial requirements that a company needs to accomplish
for them to make a wise decision for the next operating year of the business and as
compliance with the regulating agencies of government. Common types of annual
reports are General Corporate Information, Accounting Policies, Statement of
Financial Position, Statement of Cash Flow, Non-audited Information, Statement of
Comprehensive Income, Notes to the Financial Statements, Auditor’s Reports, and
others.

Reports are given to different parties involved in the business for them to
understand the status and position of the firm. The most essential data that the
company must report are the financial statements because it provides relevant
information about the performance and changes in the position of the business. So
these reports must be made understandable, reliable, and comparable.

F. Documentation
Documentation is the process of collecting evidence, mostly in physical form
but can be in electronic format, that can be retrieved anytime for the validity of a
certain claim or statement. No human has a special power to remember every
transaction that he/she is making every day and can recall bulk transactions that
he/she made for the past few months. Therefore to retrieve a certain transaction, a
company must record and file official actions taken by its employees. Common
transactions are recorded in chronological ways for ease of tracking evidence. Aside
from recording it chronologically, it is also important that these documents are
accurate and provide truthful information.

Why is a Code of Ethics Important?

Every business must create a Code

of Ethics that every employee should
follow and live by their heart. This code
will serve as their guide every time they
need to make small and crucial decisions
with regards to their work. This helps
them to identify which one is an ethical
action and which one is unethical. When
there is a code of ethics, there is a
supreme rule that will direct every
employee in only one direction.
https://pixabay.com/photos/ethics-wordcloud-care-logo-design-947568/
A company code of ethics must be
parallel to the mission and vision of the company and must be communicated to its
internal stakeholders to achieve the expected goals. It reflects the company values
and styles of business. Some core values of companies are integrity, respect,
relationship with coworkers, company, and customers, aligning of rules to the
existing regulations of regulatory agencies, being professional inside and outside the
company, performance excellence, commitment and others. These are some core
values to attain and maintain the high ethical standards of a business.

ACTIVITIES

In your previous module, you are task to create your own “code of ethics”
under decorum and protocol. From the code of ethics you have created the last
discussion, continue creating, improving, and finalizing your code of ethics for the
whole activities of the firm (policies, advertising, marketing, bookkeeping, reportorial
requirements, and documentation).

WRAP-UP

1. What are the common business practices that have been discussed today?
2. Why is business ethics important?

VALUING

For two days, we have been discussing the common business practices in an
organization. And many firms, if not all, take time to establish a set of rules under
these practices which is known as the code of ethics.
What do you think are the dilemmas if there is no code of ethics in an
organization? Site at least five situations that might happen if the code of right
conducts is not established.

POSTTEST

Fill in the blank.

1. ____________is a set of rules or guidelines to every employee in making

small or crucial decisions for the company.
2. _______________is the process of collecting evidence that can be retrieved
anytime for the validity of a certain claim or statements.
3. _______________ is a process of recording a day to day basis of
transactions that involve the finances of the company to keep track of
flows of cash.
4. A 30-secondTV commercial cost approximately _________________.
5. One feature of a business policy is ________________.
 KEY TO CORRECTION

appropriate/ simple/ flexible

5. specific/ clear/ reliable/ 5. True
4. P500,000.00 to P800,000.00 4. True
3. Bookkeeping 3. True
2. Documentation 2. False

1. Code of Ethics 1. True

Pretest Posttest

References
Books

Jerusalem, Violeta L. Business Ethics & Social Responsibility: Concepts, Principles, &
Practices of Ethical Standards. Fastbooks Educational Supply, 2017.
Cortez, Franz Giuseppe F. Business Ethics and Social Responsibility. Vibal, 2016.

Websites

“Digital Marketing in the Philippines.” " Digital Marketing in the PhilippinesiConcept

Global Advertising Inc., iconcept.com.ph/article/digital-marketing-in-the-
philippines/.

“What Is Bookkeeping And Why Is It Important?” Beginner, www.beginner-

bookkeeping.com/what-is-bookkeeping.html.

D5100, nikon. “PublicDomainPictures PublicDomainPictures / 17907 Images.”

Pixabay, 5 Apr. 2014, pixabay.com/photos/internet-content-portal-search-
315132/.

rdaconnect. Pixabay.com, 21 Sept. 2915, pixabay.com/photos/ethics-wordcloud-

care-logo-design-947568/.