MBE12303 ANALISIS & PENAAKULAN DATA PENDIDIKAN

ASSIGNMENT 1 (VARIABLES)

Nama Pelajar: Nur Fazlin Binti Mohd Aziz

No.Matrik : GB200056
Nama Pensyarah: PM Dr Kahirol Mohd Salleh
1.1.

ACTIVE INDEPENDENT VARIABLE ATTRIBUTE INDEPENDENT VARIABLE

Similarities

- Both are independent variable which it is the presumed cause of the dependent variable.
- Input variable used in design of experiments.

Differences

A variable that is manipulated. A variable that cannot be manipulated.

Active variable can be controlled by a Attribute variables cannot be changed or

researcher and changes in a well-defined manipulated by the researcher for a particular
and carefully manipulated way over the experiment as they are an inherent part of a
course of an experiment. person or object.

Example: Award of prizes Example: Race; Sex; Gender

1.2. Based on Morgan et. al (2013), active independent variable can provide data that allow one
to infer that the independent variable caused the change or difference in the dependent
variable. It is not possible for active independent variable to always infer cause. Eventhough
the independent variable is active, one can’t contribute cause to it. Casual inferences are
much more questionable when manipulations are given to pre-existing group, when there is
no control group.

1.3.

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

A variable that expected to account for (the A variable to be explained (the effect).
cause of) the dependent variable.

More or less controlled. Not controlled or manipulated, but simply

measured.

Vary at known rate. Vary at unknown rate.

1.4.

ASSOCIATIONAL DIFFERENCE DESCRIPTIVE

RESEARCH QUESTIONS RESEARCH QUESTIONS RESEARCH QUESTIONS

Interested in the associations Examines the differences Describes the variables that
amongst two or more between two or more groups are measured and to quantify
variables on one or more on one or more dependent the variables that the
groups. variables. researchers are interested in.

1.5. Descriptive Question: What are the issues and challenges in the use of digital learning among
higher educational institution?

Variables : Issues and challenges in the use of digital learning

Descriptive Hypothesis: There will be more issues and challenges in the use of digital
learning among higher educational institution.

1.6. Associational Question: What is the relationship between gender discrimination and the
intention of female workers to remain employed?

Difference Question : What are the differences between work stress factors, work stress
levels with demographic background?

Descriptive Question : What are the factors that influence the readiness of students of
UTHM in career development?
REFERENCES

Cyrill, M, G., Mohammad, M, H., & Wan, N. N. W. H. (2020). Faktor-faktor yang

mempengaruhi tekanan kerja di kalangan kakitangan hospital kerajaan. Malaysian
Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 5(10): 151-177.

Morgan, Nancy, L, L., & Karen, C, B. (2005). SPSS for Intermediate Statistics: Use &
Interpretation. 2nd Edition. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.

https://www.statisticshowto.com/attribute-variable/

https://www.statisticshowto.com/active-variable/

https://www.slideshare.net/AbhijeetSatpathy2/variables-in-social-science-research-and-its-
measurement-ppt

https://dissertation.laerd.com/