A1 Working Safely Makes Jehovah's Heart Glad

A1 Working Safely Makes Jehovah’s Heart Glad
NOTE: Although the example set by crew overseers is critical to the success of a safety program, all
personnel are required to follow safe work practices, polices, and procedures. Stress that our
personal view of safety is a reflection of our spirituality and relationship with Jehovah
Theme Scripture: Proverbs 27:11, 12. These two verses connect our relationship with Jehovah to
working safely, not just to avoid suffering consequences, but the desire to make Jehovah’s heart
glad
OVERSEERS ARE RESPONSIBLE TO GET NEW PERSONNEL OFF TO A GOOD START

Organize tasks safely and efficiently
Overseer may appoint a safety coordinator to assist with safety-related tasks
Create/maintain a file of Job Hazard Analysis (DC-83 or DC-85) forms for common procedures
What new personnel should expect
New personnel must understand how to perform all details of each task
Explain it to the individual and have him explain it back to you
Demonstrate it to the individual and have him show you
Follow up personally and provide further direction as needed
New personnel must receive up-to-date instructions relating to their assignments, preferably in
writing
Use as a supplement to, not a replacement for, direct, one-on-one training
Written material, especially Job Hazard Analysis forms, must be accessible to all
Safety training
Explain department safety policies to new personnel in a kind, positive, but firm manner
Compromising safety is not permitted (or ever allowed)
Overseer’s personal example is crucial
“What overseer permits, overseer condones”
Do not allow workers to develop unsafe habits, or allow work area to deteriorate into an
unsafe condition
EVERY INDIVIDUAL IS RESPONSIBLE TO JEHOVAH TO WORK SAFELY

Safety involves planning
Considering how to do each job or task safely is part of planning the work‒use Job Hazard Analysis
forms
Never put production ahead of safety
In the long run, preventing injury saves much time
Do not take shortcuts that compromise safety, such as the following
Placing hands where one cannot see them without a thorough visual inspection
Using the wrong tool for the task
Set the proper example by working safely and abiding by policies and established procedures
Attitudes are contagious and others will copy our example
Are we always safety conscious, or do we have room to improve our commitment to safety?
Continuing to demonstrate unsafe attitudes and habits is not acceptable
Such individuals will receive additional training and/or be reassigned
A1 Working Safely Makes Jehovah’s Heart Glad Page 2
IF WORKING ALONE IS UNAVOIDABLE
One should never undertake high-risk activities as defined in Working Together Safely (DC-82) while
alone
In rare instances where you must work alone, take time to evaluate hazards of job, tools, and work
location
Where is closest person who could render assistance, the closest telephone, and exit?
Are you sure you have the proper personal protective equipment available?
Has someone agreed to check on you if you do not return by a certain time?
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What factors contribute to a safe work atmosphere?
What is our personal responsibility to safety?
What goals for safety do you personally have?
TO BE COVERED IN 10 MINUTES
DC-80-E No. A1 2/21
A2 Is Your Work Area Safe?
NOTE: Each individual contributes to maintaining a safe and secure work area. Unsafe attitudes,
actions, and conditions should be quickly corrected. Help listeners to appreciate the value of
keeping their assigned work areas clean, orderly, and secure
Theme Scripture: 1 John 4:20. How does our love for Jehovah and our brothers influence our view of
our work area?
DEFINE YOUR “WORK AREA”

Our work area may include our bench, desk, or project work site
BEFORE BEGINNING WORK, PERFORM A SAFETY EVALUATION OF YOUR WORK AREA

A safety evaluation is an inspection of a work area with safety as the focus
Is equipment used and maintained properly to avoid unsafe conditions?
Equipment failure is avoided by proper operation/maintenance (give example)
Was equipment checked before use?
Report any problems so repairs may be made
Equipment repairs should be made promptly (give example)
Overseers must ensure that unsafe conditions are corrected promptly and confirm this with the
safety coordinator
All workers must advise oversight of any unsafe conditions that they cannot personally correct
WARN OTHERS WHEN POTENTIAL DANGER EXISTS!

Install signs when appropriate (e.g., “Personnel Working Above,” “Hard Hat Area”)
Erect suitable barricades around work areas (e.g., construction areas, welding areas, elevator shafts,
open pits)
Ensure that they are of appropriate composition and strength for situation
Warn others when your work may affect them, such as when starting up machinery or using power-
actuated fasteners
Allow sufficient time for those that may be affected to get out of harm’s way or protect
themselves
ENSURE THAT WORK ENVIRONMENT IS SAFE

Air
Air should be clean and free of hazardous fumes, vapors, or particles
Ensure sufficient exhaust and proper air exchange of fresh air
Water
All personnel should have ready access to clean drinking water
Encourage all personnel to drink water regularly, particularly when working in warm
environments
Lighting
Work areas should have sufficient light to perform all tasks safely
SECURE YOUR WORK AREA BEFORE LEAVING

Lock doors and close windows at the end of each work period
A2 Is Your Work Area Safe? Page 2
Tools, equipment, and supplies should be properly turned off, stored, or secured when not in use
Do not allow unfamiliar persons to remain in your work area during non-working hours
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What are some areas or conditions where we need to be alert to safety?
What are the benefits of safety audits?
How can we secure our work area when not in use?
DC-80-E No. A2 2/21
A3 Safety Investigations
NOTE: Explain the use of the Risk Incident Report (TO-5) and the reasons for quickly reporting
incidents of injuries, CTD (cumulative trauma disorder), near miss (an incident that could have
resulted in personal injury or property damage), or property damage
Theme Scripture: Leviticus 5:1
WHY WE REPORT SAFETY INCIDENTS AND NEAR MISSES

Demonstrates respect for life
Negligence could result in bloodguilt
Helps prevent future problems and injuries
WHAT IS A NEAR MISS, AND WHEN TO REPORT ONE

A near miss is an event that could have resulted in significant injury but did not
Give examples of reportable near miss (a few of many possibilities)
Object falls from height near someone but does not hit anyone
Vehicle in motion without operator but does not result in damage or injury
Working at height without proper guards/restraints
WHY SAFETY INVESTIGATIONS ARE DONE

Helps each of us to be more safety conscious
Identifies hazards and motivates us to correct them promptly
Identifies attitudes that can be harmful to self and others
HOW TO PERFORM A SAFETY INVESTIGATION WHEN ASSIGNED BY THE OVERSEER OR SAFETY

COORDINATOR
Read the Risk Incident Report Instructions (TO-5i)
Examine location of incident
Get a complete understanding of the incident
Determine who were involved in or saw the incident and who can provide an accurate description
of any equipment, tools, or machinery in use at the time
Interview all eyewitnesses, assuring them that the purpose of the investigation is to prevent
future problems
Ask general questions such as, “Could you tell me what happened?” and “How did you get hurt?”
To fully understand the causes of the problem, ask specific questions, who, when, where, what, and
how
Establish when the incident occurred and how long it lasted
Determine the specific location where the incident occurred
Determine the details of what events led up to the incident
Establish the primary cause of the event and any contributing factors
Consider any adjustments that could be made that would reduce the chances of recurrence
Determine if an accountability investigation is needed (See DC-86)
A3 Safety Investigations Page 2
HYPOTHETICAL INCIDENT WITH AUDIENCE DISCUSSION
READ: A brother was delivering packages and slipped and fell. He did not notice a small puddle of oil
on the floor left by a forklift that had passed by earlier. The forklift driver knew the forklift had a
hydraulic leak, but decided to use it anyway since it would only take a few minutes. During the
investigation, it was also learned that a third brother passed by and noticed the oil puddle, but was
in a hurry to complete the task he was working on. He intended to come right back and clean it up,
but before he could our brother slipped and fell.
What was the cause of the incident and what were the contributing factors?
What recommendations could prevent recurrence?
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Why do we report all injury, CTD, near miss, and property damage incidents?
How are these investigated?
DC-80-E No. A3 2/21
A4 Responding to Eye Emergencies
NOTE: The first few minutes after an eye injury are often the most critical. Toxic substances or
materials may immediately begin to damage sensitive eye tissue. Help listeners understand how to
prevent eye injuries and know what to do if one occurs
Theme Scripture: Deuteronomy 32:10b
WHAT MIGHT GET IN YOUR EYE?

Materials such as dust or metal filings
Chemicals and solvents (give example)
Hazards particular to your department (give example)
HOW CAN WE PREVENT EYE INJURIES?

Become familiar with potential hazards of job and/or products you are using
Adjust work or body position if possible so as not to generate dust above your head
Use proper personal protective equipment for each job (e.g., face shield in addition to safety glasses)
Always know the nearest location of a plumbed, portable, or bottle eyewash station
WHAT IS AN EYEWASH STATION?

Anywhere you can thoroughly wash out your eye with clean water
Any sink or shower can be used as an eyewash station
Familiarize personnel with locations of all eyewash facilities, especially those nearest to where the
department or crew is currently working
Permanent (plumbed) station
Demonstrate how to use (if applicable)
Eyewash bottle (portable eyewash stations)
Demonstrate how to wash out the eye
Hold eyelid open and roll the eyeball so entire surface is rinsed out, including folds surrounding
eyeball
If a bottle station is used for a chemical splash, it is recommended that you continue rinsing
eye with fresh water from a sink or plumbed eyewash unit for at least 15 minutes
Does eyewash water possess special healing properties?
No, it contains only a buffered saline solution to inhibit germ growth
WHAT SHOULD YOU DO IF SOMETHING GETS IN YOUR EYE?

If you are wearing contact lenses, remove them immediately
This is the only way you can fully rinse out your eye
Thoroughly clean and inspect contacts before returning lenses to your eyes, especially in chemical
splash incidents
Use copious amounts of water to rinse each affected eye
Avoid washing chemicals or other substances back into the eye or into the unaffected eye
Keep water running at a low pressure or gentle stream
Roll eye while washing from the medial (nasal) corner of the eye to the lateral (outside) corner
For chemical splash, a 15-minute eyewash is recommended
A4 Responding to Eye Emergencies Page 2
For significant chemical splash or highly toxic exposure, have someone immediately telephone the
local Bethel/construction emergency telephone number(s), and ensure that affected
environment is safe
Do not use eyewash for a puncture wound
Never put pressure on a punctured or cut eyeball nor try to remove an embedded object yourself
Lay down to decrease internal pressure on eye
Have someone call the emergency number immediately
Report all uses of eyewash stations to your overseer even for incidents that appear minor
Overseer will determine if further action is required to prevent recurrence of the problem
If a portable station was used, see that it is replaced or refilled with buffered saline water
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What is an eyewash station?
For how long should you rinse the affected eye?
Where is the location nearest your work area?
DC-80-E No. A4 2/21
A5 What to Do in a Medical Emergency
NOTE: Cover first aid procedures for your complex, including location of emergency telephone
numbers and first aid. Ensure your listeners understand their role in a medical emergency.
(Emergency responders or those providing medical attention may be Bethel Infirmary, on-site first
aid, or municipal/private emergency medical technicians.)
Theme Scripture: Proverbs 20:18a
FIRST AID PROCEDURES MUST BE UNDERSTOOD BY ALL

At appropriate locations emergency phone numbers and procedures are to be posted
Remain with the person and calmly assure him that he will be cared for
If alone with injured person request help to care for other needs
Oversight should be informed
Blanket or other supplies may be needed
Medical emergencies should be reported immediately by telephoning the principle emergency
telephone number(s)
Report the following three points
Location of injured/ill person (e.g., building, floor, and area)
Nature of injury/illness—Can the person speak or breathe?
Who is injured/ill (e.g., name, gender, approximate age, approved worker, or visitor)
Do not hang up the telephone until directed to do so
Follow through on the instructions given by the emergency responders
When first-aid personnel arrive at the scene, brief them on any changes that have occurred with the
injured person since your call for help
HOW WOULD YOU HANDLE THE FOLLOWING EMERGENCY SITUATIONS?

(Audience participation-select two points with potential to happen on this assignment)
Person is lying on ground; may have broken bone
Do not move the person (unless the area is unsafe) and do not attempt to set the broken bone
Immediately call the emergency number to report what you find and to receive further
instructions
Person says he is fine, wants to walk to get medical attention
Before the injured/ill person attempts to walk to get medical attention, call the emergency
number
If advised to come for medical attention, make sure person is accompanied
Person is unconscious in a hazardous or toxic environment and medical help cannot be reached
DO NOT ENTER A CONFINED SPACE, AS YOU WILL LIKELY ALSO BECOME A VICTIM!
If area is safe to enter, the victim should be carefully dragged, not lifted or carried, from the
hazard
Always pull in the direction of long axis of victim’s body. Do not pull sideways. Avoid bending or
twisting the trunk, if at all possible
If dragging down an incline (such as stairs), always pull headfirst, with victim in seated position
and your arm around chest, if necessary
Person caught in equipment
A5 What to Do in a Medical Emergency Page 2
Remain calm yourself! Shut off machine. Do not try to free him unless you have been trained and
understand the proper way to do so. Try to calm the person while sending someone for a
mechanic to free him
Serious bleeding
Try to stop flow of blood by applying pressure to wound with clean cloth or handkerchief, keeping
pressure applied. If the wound is an arm or leg, elevate the injury above the heart if possible to
slow the bleeding, until medical personnel arrive
POST-EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
Who do you notify after telephoning the emergency number? (Mention names of department
overseers)
Department overseer will notify the construction office (safety coordinator) of details of the
emergency
Construction overseer or safety coordinator will determine who will take the lead with the safety
investigation
Risk Incident Report (TO-5) form should be completed and submitted to the construction office
within three days (72 hours)
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What should you do if a medical emergency arises?
What should you not do after calling number?
DC-80-E No. A5 2/21
A6 Electrical Shock
NOTE: Stress the importance of preventing electrical shock. Discuss proper steps to be taken in an
electrical shock emergency
Theme Scripture: Ecclesiastes 7:12
ELECTRICAL SHOCK KILLS HUNDREDS OF PERSONS EACH YEAR. WHY?

Attitudes
Unaware of potential dangers
Belief that “taking a shock” shows toughness
Expediency is more important than safety
Occurs when a body part completes a circuit between two conductors or ground
Severity of shock received is affected by three primary factors
The amount of current flowing through the body
The path of the current through the body
Most dangerous if it passes through vital organs
The length of time the body is in the circuit
Low voltage does NOT mean “low danger;” injury or death can occur from very low voltage shocks
PREVENT ELECTRICAL SHOCK

Review each work area for possible shock danger from nearby wires
Prior to work make sure any plugged-in wires are safe to use, secured, and dry
Always look up! Are there any electrical lines that could be touched during work? If so, make sure
that the wires are deactivated or that nothing used in the work is tall enough to contact the
wires. If there is any possibility of contact a spotter must be used to assure that proper clearance
is maintained
If any walls, ceilings, or floors will be penetrated, consult as-built drawings and make sure all
electrical in the area is disconnected
Keep skin dry (non-conductive) and ensure hands are dry whenever inserting a plug into an outlet
Do not stand in water when using or connecting electrical equipment
Prior to entering a flooded area, verify that all electrical sources have been de-energized and locked
out
Never use a Class A water extinguisher to put out an electrical fire. Use Class B (CO2) or Class ABC
(Dry Chemical)
HELPING A SHOCK VICTIM

Removing the person from the power source
Do not touch person until circuit is disconnected or de-energized because you could be shocked as
well
Separate the victim from the current using nonconductive item, such as a stick
De-energize circuit
For medical assistance immediately telephone emergency telephone number(s)
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) may be needed if heart or breathing has stopped
A6 Electrical Shock Page 2
Do not move victim until medical personnel have arrived. (Victim is at risk of cardiac arrhythmia,
broken bones, burns or torn skin from contact/exit wound. Symptoms may not be apparent)
REVIEW QUESTIONS
How can you prevent electrical shocks?
How can you help a shock victim?
DC-80-E No. A6 2/21
A7 Tour Safety
NOTE: Guides should clearly understand their role in keeping each member of their tour group safe
while on tour. Encourage the guides to try to include something during the tour about the
importance of safety in our everyday lives
Theme Scripture: Titus 2:6, 7a
BASIC TOUR GUIDELINES

We want our guests to feel welcome and enjoy their visit with us
All share the responsibility to ensure tour safety including tour guides, those moving materials, and
those working along or near the tour route
Introductory comments to tour
Stay together (encourage parents to keep their children close)
Remind tours/parents of children, “Do not run. Hold hand of young children at all times”
Stay in aisles, away from machinery
Do not handle materials
WHAT TO DO IF SOMEONE IN YOUR TOUR GROUP BECOMES ILL

Minor illness or injury—Return to or call the nearest lobby and ask the receptionist for instructions
Serious medical emergency—Immediately telephone the local emergency telephone number
While waiting for assistance, make the individual feel comfortable and assure him assistance is on
the way
PROPER USE OF STAIRS AND ELEVATORS

Stairs
Tour guide should be the last one on the elevator and the first one off of stairwells (or elevators)
in order to direct tour away from moving hazards
Encourage tour to use handrails
Tours should not be taken on stairs if any in the group may appear to be lacking stamina, are
elderly, overweight, disabled, confined to a wheelchair, or otherwise limited
Passenger elevators
If posted in the elevator, be mindful of elevator’s maximum weight requirements
No tour group should be larger than can be transported in one elevator ride
If possible, tour group should never be left unattended
Ensure hands and body nothing is hanging outside the elevator when the doors close
Keep inside cab
Be alert for those that enter the cab with tools that may create a trip hazard or injure others,
e.g., extension cords, ropes, tool belts, carts
Do not use an elevator during a fire alarm
If trapped inside
Do not climb out of the elevator car
Call for assistance using emergency number that should be posted inside cab
Wait for trained personnel to assist
A7 Tour Safety Page 2
WHAT TO DO IN CASE OF FIRE ALARM
Treat all fire alarms as real emergency
Keep your group calm by remaining calm yourself and follow the directions of assigned brothers
Evacuate to the designated location immediately whenever you hear an alarm sound
Explain what action to take in your complex if group includes elderly or wheelchairs
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What comments are important at the beginning of your tour?
What would you do if someone fainted during your tour?
What should one do if trapped in an elevator?
DC-80-E No. A7 2/21
A8 Job Hazard Analysis
NOTE: Planning ahead to identify potential hazards before work begins is a key factor contributing to
a zero injury project. For this reason the Job Hazard Analysis (DC-83 or DC-85) has been developed.
Those who oversee a group of workers must plan each task with the goal of eliminating or avoiding
risks where possible, and mitigating the risks that cannot be avoided. For repetitive tasks a
previously prepared document can be used, but the present conditions should be checked against
the form to see if adjustments are needed
Theme Scripture: Proverbs 20:18
PERFORMING A HAZARD ANALYSIS

When planning each phase of a job or project, review the scope of the work and list all the potential
hazards
Meet with experienced tradesmen, overseers, and others involved with the job to get their input
Review safety programs, policies, codes, and established guidelines for each specific type of task
Fill out the form and review it with overseers and others
Communicate to those performing the tasks which hazards could not be eliminated and what
personal protective equipment is required for the work
Update the analysis checklist, or conduct a new analysis, as different phases on a larger project
proceed
IDENTIFYING HAZARDS AND PREVENTIVE ACTIONS

Review potential hazards and conditions listed on the back of the form that apply to the job
List each hazard applicable and the effective preventive action to take
Use recent example from within your shop/department or example below to illustrate the
importance of performing a hazard analysis
Example: Cleaning crew has been assigned to remove and replace finish on vinyl floor tiles in a
basement corridor.
Potential hazard: floor stripping material could be hazardous to respiratory system or cause skin
irritation. Electric powered floor machines could overload circuitry and gas powered produce
harmful exhaust fumes. Exhaust or dust could activate smoke or heat detectors. Activities could
cause trip/slip hazard to any passerby
Preventive action
For electric floor machine—verify electrical circuit capability prior to using equipment. For gas
machine—verify sufficient ventilation prior to using equipment. In all cases, verify ventilation
and/or respiratory protection appropriate for SDS labeling
Ensure all volunteers (and those in the vicinity that may be affected) have personal protective
equipment appropriate for SDS labeling
Contact the department that cares for building fire alarm system so system or zone can be
deactivated
Isolate area to be worked on as needed with caution tape, barricades, signs, and post guard, if
needed. Remove barriers and signs as soon as work is complete and area is safe
REVIEW THE COMPLETED JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS ON-SITE EACH DAY THAT A GIVEN TASK IS
UNDERWAY, ESPECIALLY AS THE PHASES OF WORK CHANGE
Benefiting from a Job Hazard Analysis
A8 Job Hazard Analysis Page 2
Prevent injuries
Eliminate or control hazards
Determine what personal protective equipment is needed for each task on the site
Ensure that preventive actions are being followed throughout the course of the project
REVIEW QUESTIONS
When and how is a Job Hazard Analysis performed?
How does using a checklist benefit overseers and other volunteers?
What will ensure that a Job Hazard Analysis will reduce serious injury or property damage?
DC-80-E No. A8 2/21
A9 Safely Interacting With Contractors
NOTE: In order to achieve the zero accident goal set out in our Global Safety Policy in the Global Life
Safety and Loss Prevention Guidelines (A-120), we need contractors that work safely. There needs
to be clear delineation regarding responsibilities, physical interactions, and use of tools/equipment.
Communication before and during the project is vital to maintaining a safe work site and protecting
the organization from liability
SELECTING A SAFE CONTRACTOR AND CONTRACTING A SAFE METHOD OF WORK ARE THE FIRST
STEPS TOWARD SAFETY
Instructions have been given to those negotiating contracts to select contractors with a record of
good safety and an effective safety management system
Contracts include definition of responsibilities
Clearly defined contractor work area
Communication procedures regarding safety matters
A risk assessment of the task and a written safe method of work
Minimum safety standards for safety equipment (guarding, edge protection) and PPE
Procedure for caring for and reporting injuries to us and to the authorities
Removal of personnel who demonstrate disregard for safety
All overseers should be aware of contract requirements related to safety and should explain these to
the volunteers in their care
COMMUNICATION REGARDING SAFETY

An overseer will be designated to communicate with the contractor on safety matters
Any volunteer who believes that contracted personnel may injure themselves or others should advise
the person and immediately inform their oversight
Safety incidents or violations observed by any volunteers should be conveyed to their oversight
Oversight will relay safety matters to the contractor immediately (followed up in writing)
PHYSICAL INTERACTION
Contracted personnel and volunteers should not be working in the same physical area
Oversight may approve qualified individuals to work, inspect work in, or access through a
contractor designated area
Such approval must be for a specific task or time period, it must not be a general approval
Report any contractor personnel that access or try to access areas outside of assigned areas
Do not try to impede individual but immediately report it to oversight
USE OF TOOLS/EQUIPMENT
Tools and equipment should not be shared between contracted personnel and volunteers
Liability concerns should take priority over being helpful (except in life-threatening situation)
Occasionally a contract allows for specific sharing of work (e.g., moving of contractor’s materials with
organization’s materials handling equipment) and should be agreed to in writing
Those overseeing the task should understand specifically what the contract states as to
responsibilities/risks and first complete a thorough Job Hazard Analysis
A9 Safely Interacting With Contractors Page 2
This should be clearly communicated to the volunteers assigned to the work
Another volunteer, preferably an overseer, should observe the work while it is being done
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
Have an emergency plan in place and a means to quickly communicate with everyone on-site.
Render assistance to the extent feasible without putting the organization at risk
Documentation and initial response:
Preserve the scene until oversight determines otherwise
Follow direction given for taking or not taking photos.
Fill out a Risk Incident Report (TO-5) and notify Branch Risk Management Desk, as per Risk Incident
Report Instructions (TO-5i)
Maintain confidentiality and adhere closely to direction given from the Branch
If an incident occurs, a contractor may call for his own independent third party adjuster (TPA) to
investigate in his behalf
The TPA will look for and photograph anything on our site that might be used to support an
alleged claim of negligence on our part
This is an added reason to always assume our personal responsibility in keeping the site safe
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What risks exist when volunteers and contracted personnel work on the same site?
What should you do if observing contracted personnel acting in unsafe manner?
DC-80-E No. A9 2/21
B1 Imitate Jehovah’s Love
NOTE: Help listeners to appreciate Jehovah’s love for us and how we can imitate that love on a
theocratic maintenance or construction project. (Read, explain, illustrate, and apply scriptures
where possible.)
Theme Scripture: Philippians 2:4
IMITATE JEHOVAH’S LOVE IN ACTION

What quality, linked to safety, is needed to look out for the interests of others?
IF YOU SEE SOMETHING, SAY SOMETHING

What is the main way that we as Christians show love with regard to safety?
Vine’s Expository Dictionary says regarding the word love: ‘Love can be known only from the actions
it prompts.’ How do we do this? If we notice any unsafe act or condition, we speak up
When we see something and say something how does this show our love for brothers?
Do we say something if the brother is
Older than us?
An overseer?
An elder?
Examples of Unsafe Acts or Conditions
Someone not wearing eye protection, hard hat, gloves appropriate to the task, hi-vis vest
Using a power tool or ladder incorrectly
Driving in an unsafe manner
REPORT NEAR MISSES AND INJURIES

Reporting near misses, including our own, shows love (Ps 73:2)
Why were spiritual near misses recorded in the in the Bible? (1Co 10:11)
“Do not minimize near misses. Report them to both your overseer and the one designated to care for
safety. This may help prevent injuries in the future” (DC-82 p. 4)
“Do not minimize injuries. Report them to both your overseer and the one assigned to care for
safety. This may help prevent further injury and lead to the creation of procedures that would
prevent an injury in the future” (DC-82 p. 5)
By reporting we avoid repeating the same unsafe action
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What quality is needed to look out for the interest of others?
What is the main way we as Christians show this love? (Give examples)
Why is it important to report near misses and injuries?
DC-80-E No. B1 2/21
B2 Correcting Unsafe Actions
Safety and Loss Prevention Guidelines (A-120), we must avoid unsafe acts. Help your listeners to see
how their example in obeying safety requirements is a vital factor in developing safe habits
Theme Scripture: Romans 12:16
UNSAFE ACTS
Unsafe acts can sometimes happen unconsciously, as in following examples
Example 1: Individual neglects to wear eye protection while using a striking tool
Example 2: Individual removes hard hat in “Hard Hat Area” because of hot weather
Example 3: Individual removes ear protection because of discomfort
How to recognize unsafe acts
Compare your procedures with those set out in Working Together Safely (DC-82) and isolate
differences
Be familiar with the Job Hazard Analysis and follow the safe method of work, precautions, and
regulations that are set out
Follow reminders that others give you
How to correct an unsafe act before it becomes a habit
Are there any unsafe acts that you have seen corrected recently?
To personally correct unsafe acts if they become habits
Carefully consider benefits of doing so, recognizing the need to make the change
Determine to change your action immediately, knowing that delay may decrease motivation
Monitor your progress and do not slip back into previous pattern of action
SET PROPER EXAMPLE

Obey safety rules out of love for others, as well as ourselves
Speak positively about safety at appropriate occasions
WHAT SHOULD I DO IF SOMEONE IS ACTING IN AN UNSAFE MANNER?

Speak up, motivated by love for your brother (Ga 6:1)
Why may we be reluctant to speak up when we see someone endangering himself?
“I do not have the time right now”
“Maybe I am being overly cautious”
“He may take offense”
“I am not his overseer”
Are we helping our brother if we remain silent? How would we feel if he or others get hurt?
Use Christian qualities to warn him
Be kind and reason with him
Be empathetic but firm
Report matter to overseer if response is poor or violation is extremely hazardous in nature
B2 Correcting Unsafe Actions Page 2
HAVE A BRIEF DEMONSTRATION OF A BROTHER CORRECTING ANOTHER USING A REALISTIC TASK
THAT IS PERFORMED IN YOUR DEPARTMENT
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What did you appreciate about the approach taken by brother speaking to unsafe individual? (Kind,
appealed to heart, clearly showed what action must to be taken.)
What should be done if person does not respond positively or if the violation was extremely
hazardous in nature?
DC-80-E No. B2 2/21
B3 How Rest and Sleep Affect Safety
Safety and Loss Prevention Guidelines (A-120), we need proper rest. Proper rest benefits our service
and attitudes. Give practical suggestions.—g03 3/22 3-10; g04 2/8 6-9; g 1/11 20
Theme Scripture: Proverbs 3:21-24
PURPOSE OF SLEEP
It is vital for the maintenance of human life and health
Daily millions of body cells break down and need replacement
Body builds up wastes that collect in muscles. These wastes are what give you the tired feeling at
the end of the day
The central nervous system and brain also need rest since they cannot relax unless you sleep
CAUSES OF IMPROPER REST

Poor planning and lack of self-control
Up late in social activities the night before
Late return from a weekend trip or personal time away
Staying late after evening meetings
Late-night television, computer activities, such as playing computer games, internet browsing,
Exercising before going to bed
Insomnia
Too much food, sugar, caffeine, or alcohol before going to bed
Stress, fighting restlessness, or anxiety
Failure to establish regular sleep time
Loss of sleep is cumulative
Going to sleep 90 minutes later then usual for several nights affects us like losing a full night of
sleep
RESULTS OF INSUFFICIENT REST OR SLEEP (g04 2/8 4-5)

Short-term effects—drowsiness; sudden mood swings; loss of short-term memory; loss of
concentration; inhibits good judgment, hurts the cognitive processes, such as thinking and learning
Long-term effects—obesity, premature aging; fatigue; increased risk of infections and diseases;
chronic memory loss,
Why are these changes unsafe?
Foggy memory or loss of concentration can cause one to ignore safety rules or warnings
Person could ignore principles of safety to conserve his energy and this puts others in harm’s way
Rash actions due to frustration, irritability
Sleep deprivation can significantly reduce the reaction time, motor control, decision making ability
and situational awareness
MAKE PROPER REST A PRIORITY

Know the amount of rest your body needs, and see that it gets it
Some persons need up to ten hours a night (g99 12/22 29)
As far as possible keep regular bed and wake time schedule, including weekends
B3 How Rest and Sleep Affect Safety Page 2
Create a sleep-conducive environment that is dark, quiet and comfortable
Exercise regularly (it is best to complete your workout at least a few hours before bedtime)
The benefits of sleep are extensive and can make a difference in your quality of life
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Why is sleep important?
What suggestions will help us obtain needed rest?
DC-80-E No. B3 2/21
B4 Reject Horseplay
NOTE: Highlight the dangers often associated with horseplay and reasons to reject it, particularly in a
work environment
Theme Scripture: Proverbs 26:18, 19
WHAT IS MEANT BY HORSEPLAY?

Horseplay is rowdy, rough, or boisterous activity
Includes teasing, abusing, startling, practical jokes, wrestling, throwing materials, shouting or
unnecessary noise, tripping, pushing, playing around, racing, grabbing, foolish vehicle operation,
social pressure to participate in unsafe acts, harassment, and unauthorized contests
WHAT MOTIVATES HORSEPLAY?

Inclination of youth. (Pr 22:15)
Imitating worldly activities, such as hazing
Boredom
Spirit of competition
WHY NO HORSEPLAY?
It is dangerous to play practical jokes. (Pr 26:18, 19; g82 7/8 30; g86 9/22 12-13)
When you are engaged in horseplay, you are not concentrating on your work
Giving less than full concentration and attention to safety procedures makes you less likely to notice
or account for hazards until it may be too late
Most accidents are caused by unsafe acts—and horseplay itself is an unsafe act
Causes safety hazards
Some results from horseplay (may include situation you are aware of in which perpetrator’s action
resulted in injury)
Broken leg
Sprained ankle
Object lodged in ear
Solvent sprayed in eye
Cuts on hand and chin
Dislocated shoulder
Time wasted by those involved or bystanders
HOW WE ELIMINATE HORSEPLAY?

Cultivating a serious attitude for the sacredness of life
Respecting the rights of others in the workplace and in our rooms
Not linking it with having “a sense of humor.” Think how bad you would feel if your horseplay injured
or sickened someone else—maybe seriously
Not allowing other people to engage you in horseplay
Not encouraging, initiating, or participating in horseplay
Not looking for attention from an audience, and not providing it
Properly displaying Christian love and concern for others. (Ga 6:10; Eph 4:32)
B4 Reject Horseplay Page 2
Realizing that those involved in horseplay risk dismissal
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What is horseplay?
Why is horseplay not permitted at our assignments?
DC-80-E No. B4 2/21
B5 Coping With Stress
NOTE: Highlight causes of stress. Explain ways to reduce stress and successfully cope with it. (g 5/14
4-7; g 6/10 3-9; g05 2/8 3-11)
Theme Scripture: John 14:1. We can have control over how we react to stress with Jehovah’s help
DEFINITION AND HAZARDS OF STRESS IN THE WORKPLACE

Definition—the state resulting from physical or emotional factors that causes bodily or mental
tension
Effects in workplace
Can distract you and cause injury
Can make you sick by weakening body’s immune system
Can lower productivity and may fuel fatigue, insomnia, depression, and discouragement
Emotional exhaustion
Deteriorating relationships
DEALING WITH SOME CAUSES OF STRESS AT BETHEL OR ON CONSTRUCTION

Homesickness (w94 5/15 28-30)
Have I done what I can to get my mind off myself?
Do I take an interest in my assignment?
Do I take initiative to make new friends and get to know others?
Am I willing to be patient until I adapt to new surroundings?
Personality differences
Can I just forget it?
Is the problem a recurring one or an isolated case?
What is the offender’s background and manner of speaking?
Do not assume bad intent (Ec 7:9)
Do I have frequent confrontations with others? Is it possible that I can reduce stress by
Making better application of the fruitage of spirit?
Not expecting perfection in others or organization?
Viewing others as superior to me?
Have I become involved in the personality conflicts of others or drawn unsubstantiated
conclusions?
I may only know one side of the issue
It is the responsibility of those involved to handle the matter (Pr 26:17; Mt 5:23, 24; Mt 18:15,
16)
View of self
Do I compete with others? (Ga 5:25, 26)
Am I overly concerned about favorably impressing my overseers? (Ga 6:4, 5)
Scheduling of time
Do I prioritize my various responsibilities so that the important matters are getting accomplished?
No one can accomplish everything desired in our limited time
B5 Coping With Stress Page 2
Modesty involves recognizing our own limitations, including time constraints placed upon us by
our full schedule of activity
Do I avoid unnecessary extra activities that would make my schedule more hectic?
OTHER WAYS TO LIMIT STRESS

Pray for a calm heart
Give your body sufficient rest each day
Engage in proper and regular exercise
If something worries you, talk to a friend about it
Accept your own physical and emotional limitations
Set realistic goals; do not be a perfectionist
Be organized; have a balanced, reasonable schedule
Maintain a reasonable diet—avoid overeating
Set aside some time for yourself
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What are some common causes of stress?
How can a person successfully cope with stress?
DC-80-E No. B5 2/21
B6 Imitate Jehovah’s Viewpoint on Life
NOTE: Help listeners to appreciate the gift of life, to imitate Jehovah’s viewpoint of life, and that our
view on safety is a reflection of our spirituality
Theme Scripture: Psalm 36:9
SOURCE OF LIFE
Who is the source of life? (w04 6/15 14 ¶3)
LIFE IS SACRED
How do we know Jehovah considers life sacred? (De 19:10)
“As a just and holy God, he could not ignore even an accidental killing. It is true that someone who
accidentally caused another’s death could receive mercy. But first he had to explain his situation
to the elders. If the elders judged that the death was an accident, then the fugitive had to
remain in the city of refuge until the high priest died. That might have meant that the fugitive
had to stay in the city of refuge for the rest of his life. This arrangement emphasized to all
Israelites that life is sacred. To honor the One who gives life, they needed to do everything they
could to avoid putting others’ lives in danger.”—ws17.11 17 ¶9
What proves that Jehovah loves life?
Originator of life
Provided the ransom sacrifice to preserve life
Arranged for the preaching work to save lives
Theocratic construction and maintenance projects worldwide help to save lives
IMITATE JEHOVAH’S VIEWPOINT ON LIFE

How do we imitate Jehovah’s view point of life?
Cultivate a proper attitude toward safety. DC-82, page 1, says: “As the ‘Grand Creator,’ Jehovah
God considers life sacred and highly valuable”
Direction to work safely comes from whom? Safety Department? Safety Brothers? Jehovah’s
organization? Do we have a fleshly viewpoint on safety? Or with spiritual view do we recognize it
comes from Jehovah?
Safety is a Priority
“To view life as Jehovah does, we also need the right attitude about safety. We must drive and
work safely, even when we are building, maintaining, or traveling to a place of worship.
People, safety, and health are always more important than saving time or money. Our God
always does what is right, and we want to be like him. Elders especially need to think about
safety, both their own and that of others. (Pr 22:3) If an elder reminds you of safety rules or
standards, listen to him. (Ga 6:1) View life the way Jehovah does, and “no bloodguilt will
come upon you.”—ws17.11 18 ¶12
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Who is the source of life?
How do we know Jehovah considers life sacred?
How do we imitate Jehovah’s viewpoint of life?
DC-80-E No. B6 2/21
C1 Protecting Your Legs and Feet
NOTE: Stress that protection involves assessing potential hazards, eliminating those which can be
eliminated, using proper work practice and wearing appropriate/proper PPE. Injuries can result
from impact/compression, puncture, chemical, and electrocution. Prior to meeting, investigate and
be informed of your branch’s policy for protective footwear
Theme Scripture: Isaiah 52:7. Our ministry can be full if we care for the gift of our legs and feet
CARING FOR OUR LEGS

Examples of tasks that expose knees to injury
Carpet laying (when kneeling or kicking), tile setting, cement finishing
Any task that requires being on your knees for an extended period of time or repetitively
Cultivate safe work habits
Avoid kneeling on knees when possible. Use knee pads when a task requires you to be on your
knees
Take periodic stretch breaks from tasks that require you to be on your knees for extended period
of time
Protect your legs
Use proper knee pads compatible with task
Puncture protection (Explain protection needed for your department and the available
equipment)
Burn protection—wear rubber or leather apron to protect legs when exposed to chemicals or heat
Take care of knees and legs in off-hours activities
Sports
Turning or twisting motions
CARING FOR OUR FEET

Potential hazards and causes of injuries
Falling objects, such as tools or materials (Account for majority of foot injuries in work
environment)
Uneven or slippery surfaces or inattention can lead to twisting of ankle or other injury
Sharp objects that may puncture soles of footwear (Provide examples applicable to department)
Heavy, rolling objects (Provide examples applicable to department, e.g., hand/power trucks,
forklifts)
Chemical burns or electrocution
Cultivate safe work habits
Practice good housekeeping (e.g., pick up all sharp objects, address spills immediately, store skids
and pallets flat)
Reduce trip hazards by eliminating uneven surfaces where possible
Ensure loads are stable to avoid risk of dropping load on feet
Keep heavy objects away from edges of surfaces (e.g., tables, shelves, and workbenches.)
Be alert to what people around you are doing
When operating rolling carts, keep feet safe distance from wheels
Protect your feet
C1 Protecting Your Legs and Feet Page 2
Use proper footwear for the assigned task and working environment,
Show examples of appropriate shoes/boots used for assigned tasks within your department
Risk of falling objects—steel toes (fiberglass toes if electrical hazards.)
Risk of slips and falls—footwear with slip resistant sole material and proper traction
Risk of chemical burns or electrical hazards—compatible upper and sole materials, electrically
rated footwear
Risk of punctures—reinforced, puncture resistance sole construction
Replace worn out footwear
Unacceptable footwear includes such items as sandals, open-toed shoes, cloth or canvas uppers,
and loafers
“Congress” or gaiter type shoes protect feet from molten metal splashes or welding sparks
Shin guards may be made of hard fiber or metal to protect the shins against impact
Chaps, fabricated with cut resistant materials, are used to protect thighs and upper legs when
woodworking or operating chainsaw
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Name three causes of foot injuries
What potential exists in your assignment for foot injury, and how can this be prevented?
DC-80-E No. C1 2/21
C2 Protecting Your Eyes and Face
NOTE: Emphasize that protection begins with doing a hazard assessment before starting work. This
includes identifying tasks which can be hazardous to eyes and face, eliminating hazards before
starting work, and finally wearing proper protection. Show listeners what personal protective
equipment is used in the department
Theme Scripture: Job 35:5. We could miss much of what Jehovah can teach us if we lose our eyesight
IDENTIFY POSSIBLE DANGERS TO THE EYES OR FACE

Common causes for eye injuries are flying objects, tools, particles, chemicals
Eye protection required on any construction project and when using
Most tools including striking or struck tools, high-velocity tools, drills, saws, grinders, or other
power tools used in your department
Chemicals, solvents, fumes
Discussion: What procedures or operations in your department might be hazardous to eyes and
face?
How might some be eliminated? (e.g., use proper guards, work screens, different work method)
PPE—SHOW SOME TYPES OF EYE PROTECTION AND EXPLAIN HOW AND WHEN TO WEAR EACH
Ordinary eyeglasses or contact lenses do not qualify as safety eyewear
Ordinary (standard prescription) glasses often break on impact and are closely associated with
severe injury
Safety glasses with side shields
Safety glasses should always be designed to shield the sides as well as the front
General use
Specific safety glasses are available that are designed to fit over prescription eyeglasses
Goggles
Examples of use: Heavy grinding, woodworking, chemical splash, and where fine dust is in the air
Face shield
Examples of use: When cutting or drilling overhead, chemical splashes, grinding, machining, flying
particles, sparks
Face shields are only a supplementary form of protection and should always be worn with safety
glasses or goggles for adequate eye protection
Eye protection with tinted lenses should be worn when intense rays or glare hazard are present
Example: Welding helmet when using acetylene torch
Explain where and how eye protection can be obtained
KEEP EYES AND EYE PROTECTION CLEAN

Regular cleaning is necessary
Dirty lenses and shields obstruct vision and cause us to miss possible hazards
Prevent contamination of eyes
Carefully remove eye protection when covered with fine dust
Try to be near sink or running water before removing
Shut eyes, remove eye protection, and rinse face before opening eyes
C2 Protecting Your Eyes and Face Page 2
If dust does get into eyes, do not rub them. Let tears wash particles from eyes or flush eyes with
water
What can be done if eye protection repeatedly fogs up, such as in hot, muggy weather?
Use vented side shields may help
Apply anti-fog liquid (available from optometrist) to front and back of each lens
If lenses fog when using N95 respirator, try respirator with exhaust vent
Remind volunteers that fogging is never an excuse to stop using eye protection
INDICATE LOCATIONS OF CLOSEST EYEWASH STATION(S)
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What tools/tasks in our department require the use of safety glasses?
What tools/tasks in our department require the use of goggles?
When would it be necessary to use a face shield?
DC-80-E No. C2 2/21
C3 Preventing Musculoskeletal Disorders
NOTE: A musculoskeletal disorder (MSD); also referred to as cumulative trauma disorder, (CTD) can
affect the body’s soft tissue, such as muscles, tendons, and ligaments. Some MSD injuries occur
over time and others come about suddenly by a sprain, strain, or bruise. Help listeners to
understand that most MSD injuries occur over time and how early detection often leads to
quicker recovery. Consistency and self-management are the keys to prevention
Theme Scripture: Job 10:11
IDENTIFYING CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDER

Causes—improper posture, excessive force, repetition of movement, or lack of variation in
movement
Effects—pain, numbness, swelling, or tingling in fingers, wrists, arms, shoulders or back; reduced
dexterity and hand strength
WHAT CAN BE DONE TO PREVENT MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDER?

Alternate high-stress tasks with short rest periods or with tasks that are less tiring on wrists, arms,
shoulders, and back
Cite examples of assignments in your department where this should be done
During each rest period, take time to do stretching exercises
Example: If your assignment requires leaning forward, momentarily arch your back.
Procedures, tools, or workstations may require adjustment or redesign to allow for a more natural
posture (neutral position) or less stressful repetition
Use larger muscle groups
Example: When possible, use shoulder instead of wrist, or legs instead of back
Avoid twisting or turning motions
Example: Tilt work surface or material containers to allow your wrist to remain straight, in the
neutral position.
Wherever possible, perform tasks between shoulder and waist height Example: Adjust chair height
to match work surface
Move materials within easy reach to avoid overreaching or working with elbows upward and
outward
During leisure time
Avoid engaging in repetitive activities for a lengthy period without adequate breaks
Be conscious of good posture when sitting and avoid sitting in a slouched position while watching
television or reading
Preventive measures
Schedule conditioning daily (e.g., aerobic exercise, weightlifting, stretching), preferably prior to
the start of your day’s activities
Demonstrate some injury preventive exercises for the department
Obtain sufficient rest
REPORT SYMPTOMS OF PAIN, NUMBNESS, SWELLING, OR TINGLING PROMPTLY TO YOUR

OVERSEER OR INFIRMARY
Do not allow embarrassment or concern over how your situation will be viewed to prevent you from
seeking treatment
C3 Preventing Musculoskeletal Disorders Page 2
Early detection may help a disorder to be resolved before requiring longer recuperation
Further injury may occur if proper care is delayed
Do not recommend a treatment or exercise that you or someone else found effective. While
helping one person, it may further injure another. Follow the recommended method of
treatment by the Infirmary or qualified health care provider (g91 11/22 7)
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What is a musculoskeletal disorder (MSD)?
What are the causes of MSD?
How can you prevent MSD?
DC-80-E No. C3 2/21
C4 Preventing Hearing Loss
NOTE: Explain the importance of protecting our hearing by using adequate ear protection. Help all to
understand how each type of protection functions as well as the advantages and disadvantages of
each. (g97 9/22 21-23) This information must be provided annually to all volunteers who are
exposed to excessive noise levels of 85 decibels (dB) or higher
Theme Scripture: Matthew 13:16
WHAT CAUSES HEARING LOSS?

Damage to hair cells in inner ear
Develops slowly and not noticed in early stages, sensitivity to higher frequencies lost first
Damage is permanent
Hazards in our work environment
Exposure to a continuous noise level of 85 dB or above is a potential hazard
The higher the noise level, the quicker damage to the ear can occur
Examples: Riding lawn mowers - 85 dB; carpet cleaning machine - 95 dB; printing press enclosure -
97 dB; Band saw - 101 dB
Rule of thumb: If you must shout to make yourself heard in a conversation with someone one
meter (3 ft.) away, the noise likely exceeds a safe level
Hazards in other environments
Listening to music at high volume, particularly with headphones (g92 11/22 29; g94 3/8 29)
Common noises such as from airplanes, motor vehicles, or metro (subway) trains
HOW CAN WE PROTECT OURSELVES FROM HEARING LOSS?

Hearing protection must be worn regularly to protect against hearing loss
Noise reduction rating of manufacturer (NRR) scale is 0 to 35, higher numbers offer the greatest
effectiveness
NRR value is not dB level reduction
The formula to approximate dB level reduction with hearing protection is: reduction = (NRR -
7)/2
Example: working in printing press enclosure at 97dB and wearing ear protection with NRR
27
Calculation is (27dB - 7= 20dB; 20dB/2 = 10dB) so noise effectively reduced by only 10 dB
Worker is actually still exposed to dangerous noise level 87dBso more needed
Audiometric testing—those subjected to an average noise of 85 dB or higher should be tested within
six months of their assignment date and annually thereafter
Types of hearing protection (demonstrate how to put on each type of hearing protection used in
your department)
Disposable earplugs—often recommended for areas with constant noise level
Comfortable—Common NRR range: 22 to 33 (Consult manufacturer data for the plug that you
use)
Plugs cannot provide adequate protection unless each is properly rolled before insertion, the
ear is pulled back, and plug is inserted to the proper depth
Polyethylene plugs—easy on/off, but less comfortable than plugs. Common NRR range: 23 to 28
C4 Preventing Hearing Loss Page 2
Muffs—easy on/off; more comfort than sound band, but uncomfortable on hot days. Common
NRR range: 20 to 30
In some cases (as in pressroom example above) earplugs and muffs may be required
Plugs and sound band pads may be reused until dirty, at which time they should be replaced or
washed as per manufacturer’s instructions. Earpieces of muffs may be wiped with clean damp cloth
Use hearing protection that is compatible with other personal protective equipment you will be using
(e.g., safety glasses, welding helmet, hard hat, respirator)
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What are the causes of hearing damage?
What forms of hearing protection are available to us?
DC-80-E No. C4 2/21
C5 Proper Back Care
NOTE: Explain how proper precautions while lifting and engaging in other activities can help prevent
back injuries. Consider practical options which might minimize or eliminate the risk exposure.—g94
6/8 23
Theme Scripture: Numbers 4:46, 47. Since we have assignments that require lifting we must prepare
accordingly
CARE FOR BACK WHEN LIFTING

Back injury is said to affect 80 percent of us sometime during our lives. Common factors in back
injuries are overexertion and cumulative trauma
Reduce the risk
Are there tools available which would eliminate the need for me to lift this?
If not, when ordering materials, can supplier or vendor break down loads prior to delivery?
Do not store frequently used items above shoulder height, or below knee level/heights
Plan your lift
How much does the load weigh? Should I ask for assistance?
Secular agencies report that injury risk increases with loads heavier than 22 kilograms (48.5 lbs)
Where will the load go? What is the best route from lift to placement?
How can I maintain proper body position during lift?
How will I place the load down?
Performing the lift- Techniques can vary depending on load. Demonstrate the following technique
which attempts to place the majority of load on the legs
Stand close to load by positioning one foot alongside it and the other behind it
This position helps provide good balance and control
Squat down, bending your knees so your leg muscles will do most of the lifting
Grip the load firmly with both hands, using the palms and fingers, to get a secure hold
Test the load to ensure it is not too heavy
If you feel it is too heavy, get assistance
Attempt to maintain neutral and straight spline alignment, use your leg muscles to raise the load
in a smooth, continuous motion
Avoid twisting or jumping with a load, or picking it up with a quick, jerky motion
Maintain the load close to your body, within the “power zone” height: mid-thigh to mid-chest
Set load down smoothly and slowly, letting legs do most of the work
Lifting precautions
Do not carry load over head
When carrying heavy or bulky loads
Attempt to balance the load on each side of body
If carrying to the side, periodically alternate sides
CARE FOR BACK WHEN STANDING OR SITTING—PROPER POSTURE

Standing
Use anti-fatigue mats and soft-soled shoes or shoe inserts
Put something on the floor to raise one foot higher than the other
C5 Proper Back Care Page 2
Raising one foot shifts the angle of the lower body and helps maintain the natural curve of
spine
Sitting
Slouching/hunching over work surfaces strains the back and can cause back pain
Adjust lumbar support so that it meets lower back
If chair has no lower back support, add a cushion or other modification
Sit firmly against the back of the chair, feet on floor
Locate materials within arm’s reach to avoid awkward movements and excessive reaching
Shift seating positions regularly during day and walk around periodically
CARE FOR BACK WHEN AWAY FROM YOUR ASSIGNMENT

Exercise and stretching
Daily exercises are helpful for strengthening. Stretching can also help keep muscles limber
Balance and modesty needed when participating in sporting activities
Relaxation
Correct posture when driving, sleeping, or sitting can reduce strain on back
Maintain a moderate weight to reduce strain on the back
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What should you do before lifting a heavy item?
How should you lift a heavy item?
How can back problems be minimized?
DC-80-E No. C5 2/21
C6 Use and Care of Hard Hats
NOTE: Help listeners to understand that wearing hard hats in construction or other designated areas
is a requirement
Theme Scripture: Jeremiah 46:4
“HARD HAT AREA”—AN AREA WITHIN WHICH HARD HATS ARE REQUIRED BEFORE ACCESS IS
PERMITTED
Oversight designates these restricted zones after performing a job hazard analysis
All designated construction areas are hard hat areas. Additional hard hat areas may be designated
Example situations include: Where the possibility exists for striking head against fixed object,
flying objects, electrical shock, burns; (cite examples in work area)
Example activities include: installing items overhead; crane lifts, scaffold erection (cite
examples in your work area)
Designated hard hat areas should be clearly marked with signs at all points of entry and within the
work area
Why obey “Hard Hat Area” or “Construction Area” signs?
For your protection
Hard hats deflect and cushion impact of falling objects and protect against damage to skull and
brain
A blow to the head may occur suddenly, so follow the rule consistently
Note: Wearing a hard hat does not replace the need to follow other safety requirements, such
as not setting materials atop ladders or throwing tools
PROPER CARE OF HARD HAT

Avoid damaging-all of the following will weaken the shell material
Never modify or drill ventilation holes
Do not store in sunlight, extreme temperatures, or apply harsh chemicals, paints or magic markers
Do not abuse, such as sitting on it or tossing it on the ground
Policy for use, care, and replacement
Hard hats must
Meet or exceed current International Standards Organization (ISO) standards or other local
requirements
Be rated for electrical work when high voltage is present
Wear hardhats correctly-all of the following may interfere with the function of the suspension
system
Do not wear hard hat cocked or backwards (Exceptions are allowed for specific tasks,
circumstances, or labeled for reverse wear)
Baseball and other bulky caps should not be worn under hard hats
Do not carry or store anything inside your hard hat, such as a wallet, while wearing it
In elevated locations a rope connecting the hard hat suspension to the individual’s harness or the
use of a chin strap may prevent the hard hat from falling off when in awkward positions
Wash regularly with warm soapy water and let air dry
Never clean with solvent
C6 Use and Care of Hard Hats Page 2
Check for defects
Normal appearance of plastic shell will have a glossy shine
If shell surface exhibits a dull, chalky appearance when clean, plastic may have begun to
deteriorate
A cracked shell is not reliable and should be discarded immediately
If plastic headband or nylon strapping is torn or missing thread, suspension may fail under
impact
Discard defective hard hat shell or suspension immediately—do not use
General replacement guidelines
Replace immediately after a significant blow or chemical exposure
Replace every two years if regularly exposed to excessive sunlight, temperature extremes, or
chemical corrosion
Replace if more than five years old or when beyond stamped date, regardless of use or
exposure to stresses, or appearance
Each department is responsible to replace hard hats it issues according to these guidelines
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Why must hard hats always be worn in designated “Hard Hat Areas”?
When should hard hats be replaced?
DC-80-E No. C6 2/21
C7 Protect Yourself From Blood-Borne Pathogens
NOTE: Blood-borne pathogens are disease-causing agents that are passed on from one person to
another through blood and other body fluids. Note: Exposure to blood is only a potential exposure
to disease. Help listeners to appreciate the value of taking precautions to prevent blood-borne
pathogens from entering their blood stream
Theme Scripture: Leviticus 6:27
WHO IS AT RISK OF BEING CONTAMINATED?

High risk—Infirmary staff
Medium risk—Those who provide support services for the Infirmary, or whose work assignment
regularly exposes them to cut injuries (e.g., housekeepers, laundry personnel handling soiled linens,
kitchen staff, maintenance, construction)
Low risk—All others
Emergency situations—All must be careful during emergency situations and should avoid
unnecessary contact with blood
PROTECTING ONESELF FROM A BLOOD-BORNE PATHOGEN CONTAMINATION

Avoid exposure to blood or other body fluids whenever possible
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment for your hands and face
This creates a barrier between you and body fluids
Use gloves when handling trash bags
In all situations, grasp the bag and lift away from you and check for protruding objects
Avoid sharp objects (e.g., razors, needles, broken glass) that have been contaminated with blood
If cut by a sharp object while handling the trash report to the Infirmary or medical clinic as soon as
possible
Use caution when cleaning and handling soiled laundry
If you get blood on yourself, immediately wash the areas thoroughly using soap. This is the best
prevention against contamination
Handling laundry
Laundry soiled with body fluids should be handled as little as possible. Note the following steps
Always wear gloves that are impervious to fluids (e.g., latex, rubber)
Place soiled laundry in two leak-proof bags (one inside the other for added safety)
Wash soiled laundry with detergent and hot water (70 ˚C [160 ˚F] for 25 minutes)
Personal protective equipment should be cleaned, sanitized, and dried according to the
manufacturer’s instructions
CLEANUP AND PROPER DISPOSAL

Clean and decontaminate blood spills as soon as possible, wearing appropriate personal protective
equipment (e.g., gloves, face shield)
Wipe up blood with disposable towels and dispose of in an appropriate container that is properly
labeled for medical waste
Use germicide or mixture of 1 part household bleach and 9 parts water to sanitize the area
Carefully remove personal protective equipment and thoroughly wash hands with soap and water
Place sharp objects contaminated with blood in appropriate container
C7 Protect Yourself From Blood-Borne Pathogens Page 2
Containers should be puncture and leak-proof
Use a secondary container if leakage is possible
Label containers with the biohazard symbol
Label must be fluorescent orange or red with letters in contrasting colors and have a biohazard
symbol
Dispose of waste according to local regulations
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What is a blood-borne pathogen, and how can you be infected?
How can you protect yourself?
How do you properly clean a spill that contains blood?
DC-80-E No. C7 2/21
C8 Cold Weather Safety
NOTE: Cold weather and freezing temperatures create unique hazards. Help your listeners understand
that by taking the proper preparations they can avoid injury
PREVENT FALLING ON SNOW AND ICE

When walking on snow it is best to use lug or ripple synthetic rubber sole shoes or boots
Any soles with a flat, smooth surface, such as a leather dress shoe, present a greater hazard
Be alert to the surfaces you walk on and avoid ice whenever possible
When walking on hard packed snow or ice, keep knees bent and weight slightly forward, taking
smaller steps to maintain good balance and center of gravity
What should you do if someone falls and is seriously hurt?
Contact the Infirmary/first aid, for help at the local Bethel/construction emergency telephone
number
If the victim sustains a head injury or is unconscious, stay with him until medical help arrives
If the victim is conscious, encourage him not to move. Do not attempt to move him until medical
help arrives
DRIVE SAFELY
Check weather forecasts before starting long trips
Postpone or cancel if weather conditions do not permit safe driving
If you must drive in inclement weather, choose the safest route, even if it takes longer. Allow
yourself extra time
Prepare in advance for the possibility of a breakdown
Keep your vehicle in good condition by performing necessary preventive maintenance and check
antifreeze, oil, hoses, belts, battery, heater/defroster, windshield wipers wiper fluid, and tire
treads
Bring along jumper cables, additional warm clothes, shovel, sunglasses, an old mat or sand for
traction, a blanket, and a flashlight
Do not drive faster than conditions allow
Remain alert when visibility is limited or road conditions are poor
Collisions can occur if you cannot stop quickly
Driving conditions can change drastically if you turn from a well-maintain main thoroughfare onto
a less traveled side street or road
Bridges freeze before roads and may not have been treated to prevent ice and snow
Watch for other drivers
Those behind you may not be able to stop in time due to slippery conditions
Those approaching the same intersection from a different direction may not stop if road signs
are not visible or knocked down
Maintaining and regaining control on slippery pavement
If you need to brake on slippery pavement
With standard brakes
Apply as much brake pressure as possible without locking the wheels
C8 Cold Weather Safety Page 2
If you feel the wheels locking up, lift your foot completely off the pedal and reapply firmly
With antilock brakes (ABS)
Mash the brake pedal to the floor and hold it down
Do not ease up, even if the ABS makes the brake pedal pulsate and chatter
What to do in a skid (i.e., vehicle loses grip on road causing loss of steering control)
Take your foot off the gas and do not brake until you correct
If the front wheels skid let the car slow until tires grab
If the rear wheels skid, then steer into the skid until the tires grab
In either case, be careful not to oversteer or overcorrect
Do not tailgate the vehicle in front of you; you may collide if it stops suddenly
Allow extra space when conditions are not ideal to have more time to stop and steer around if
necessary
BE PREPARED AND ALERT TO COLD WEATHER HAZARDS

Wear sufficient clothing and take breaks as needed to warm up when engaged in outdoor activities
Avoid walking too closely to structures from which melting ice or snow could fall and injure you
Do not leave portable heaters on unattended (fire hazard)
Keep room well ventilated with gas heaters (heater uses up oxygen)
Keep propane tanks away from heat source and flame away from combustibles
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What can you do to avoid slipping on ice or snow?
What advice should be followed when driving on slippery or icy roads?
DC-80-E No. C8 2/21
C9 Dressing Appropriately for Our Assignment
NOTE: Help your listeners to see the value of dressing in a way that glorifies Jehovah and dignifies
their assignment, while protecting them from the hazards they may face performing assigned tasks
Theme Scripture: 1 Timothy 2:9 (and footnotes)
APPROPRIATE CLOTHES FOR MAINTENANCE AND CONSTRUCTION WORK (adapt for your
department or trade)
What type of clothing would provide the best protection for the type of tasks you perform?
Shirts—long sleeve shirts provide better protection than short sleeve, hi-visibility colors
recommended
Trousers—should be made of durable material suitable to the task
Shoes/boots—should have ankle support and be durable, preferably leather boots, possibly steel
toe
Explain local policies for any exceptions or additions to the above
PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES
Do not wear articles of clothing or jewelry that can get caught in moving machinery/equipment
Brothers—baggy or loose clothing, unsecured belts, neckties, shirttails, shoelaces, unbuttoned
sleeves, rings or watch bands
Sisters—baggy or loose clothing, rings, necklaces, large earrings, or long hair hanging loose
Gloves are normally recommended except when operating equipment with rotary motion (e.g.,
drill press, lathe)
DRESSING FOR COLD WEATHER

Head protection
Hats, scarves, and hard hat liners
Scarves should be worn in such a way that they cannot get caught in moving machinery or
equipment
Sunglasses and face shields
Earmuffs or headbands
The use of the above articles should be compatible with use of a hard hat
Torso and leg protection
Long underwear
Insulated overalls
Hands and feet protection
Gloves or mittens
Do not allow gloves to get wet—can lead to frost bite
Insulated boots or rubber over boots
DRESSING FOR HOT WEATHER (g99 7/8 22)

Prior to outdoor activities, apply sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) rating of 15 or greater
to all exposed areas of the body
Reapply every two hours or after perspiring heavily
Wear long-sleeved shirts, collars, gloves, and hats to protect from direct sun
C9 Dressing Appropriately for Our Assignment Page 2
Wear sunglasses with ultraviolet protective lenses
Sun damage is cumulative and can contribute to skin cancer years after first overexposure
FROM WORKING TOGETHER SAFELY (DC-82 p. 4)

Attire and Personal Health
All must wear clothing that is protective and suitable for the work being done
Clothing should be modest, not tight or revealing, regardless of working posture
Long pants and shirts with either short or long sleeves should be worn by all volunteers
Jewelry, including rings, bracelets, necklaces, and hanging earrings, pose a hazard and should not
be worn
For sisters, long hair should be tied back while working
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What type of clothing provides the best protection for your assignment?
How should we dress for cold or hot weather?
How does the way we dress glorify Jehovah and dignify our assignment?
DC-80-E No. C9 2/21
C10 Hot Weather Safety
NOTE: Describe precautions that should be taken when engaging in hot weather activities. Use points
below that would possibly apply in your location
Theme Scripture: Jonah 4:8
WHAT ARE THE RISKS AND DANGERS OF HOT WEATHER?

Dehydration
Heat illnesses
Heat stroke—can result in brain damage or death. Symptoms are hot, dry, red, or spotty skin,
mental confusion, convulsions, delirium, or unconsciousness
Heat exhaustion—caused primarily by loss of salts and water. Symptoms may include nausea,
profuse sweating, blurry vision, dizziness, and rapid, shallow breathing
Other heat related ailments may include cramps, rash, and heat fatigue
WAYS TO PREVENT HOT WEATHER ILLNESS

Drink enough fluids to replace the water you are losing
This may mean drinking at least one liter (approx. one quart) of fluid every hour (but you may need
water every 15 to 20 minutes) (g98 3/22 31)
Avoid diuretics like soft drinks, tea, coffee, or alcohol, which contribute to dehydration (g00 2/8
28)
When sweating profusely, drinks containing electrolytes are beneficial in maintaining sugar/salt
balance in bloodstream
If unable to obtain such drinks locally, a ratio of 5 cc salt/40 cc sugar/1 liter water (1 tsp. salt/8
tsp. sugar/1 qt. water) is adequate (g88 9/22 7)
Conditioning
Gradually become acclimated to hot weather
Older or overweight individuals should be extra cautious when exerting themselves in hot weather
Take periodic breaks to a cooler environment; around 25 ºC (76 ºF) is ideal if possible
AVOID EXCESSIVE SUN EXPOSURE (g99 7/8 22; g05 6/8 6-8)
According to the World Health Organization, there are about 200,000 new cases of melanoma and
55,000 melanoma-related deaths worldwide each year
Sun damage is cumulative and can contribute to skin cancer years after first overexposure
Outdoor workers as well as fair-complexioned people are at increased risk
Protection against overexposure
Wear long-sleeved shirts, collars, and hats to protect from direct sun
Apply sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) rating of at least 15 to all exposed areas of the
body and reapply every two hours or after perspiring heavily
Wear sunglasses with ultraviolet protective lenses
Wear gloves to shade exposed skin
PROTECT YOURSELF FROM OTHER WARM WEATHER HAZARDS

Being struck by lightning (g96 3/8 31)
Over two-thirds of lightning-induced deaths occur during the warm weather months
C10 Hot Weather Safety Page 2
To prevent serious injury
Outdoors—take shelter in a solid structure or vehicle at the first sound of thunder or if the sky
begins to darken
If you feel a tingling and your hair stands on end, crouch low to ground with your feet as
close together as possible
Do not lie down or touch the ground with your hands. It is important that you provide as
small a striking surface as possible. Lightning does not always strike the highest object
Indoors—avoid contact with telephone, computer terminals, or other electrical equipment
during an electrical storm
Electrical charges can enter the body through phone cables
Stay away from metal fences, piping, and plumbing fixtures. Do not stand near windows and
exterior doors. Never go out onto balconies or roofs
Drowning (g78 4/8 26)
Never swim alone in an isolated area
Do not attempt to swim if you feel exhausted
Never dive headfirst into water that is less than 2.4 m (8 ft.) deep and where objects beneath the
surface cannot be clearly seen
Take note of warning signs or rules posted for swimming; includes signs at water parks and rip-tide
warnings
Consider learning how to swim or float as this can be lifesaving if one were ever to fall into deep
water
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What are some ways you can prevent hot weather illnesses and excessive sun exposure?
How would you protect yourself against lightning and drowning?
DC-80-E No. C10 2/21
C11 Office Safety
NOTE: State examples of hazards that may be present in the offices within your department
Theme Scripture: 1 Corinthians 10:12. We should not overconfidently think injuries or accidents
could not occur in an office
PREVENT WORKSTATION INJURIES AND MINIMIZE DISCOMFORT

Protect yourself from repetitive motion injuries
Your work station should be set up considering proper ergonomics
Hands, wrists, arms, neck and shoulders should function in the “neutral position”
Have items used most often within reach of your work position
Reduce back strain
Maintain a good exercise/stretching routine adjusted as needed due to weather and physical
limitations
Prevent eyestrain when using a computer monitor by occasionally focusing on a distant object
PRACTICE GOOD HOUSEKEEPING

Close all drawers and cabinet doors when you leave the area even if you only intend to be gone
briefly
Remove clutter from work surfaces and drawers as it may conceal scissors, blades, or other sharp
objects
Look for trip hazards such as raised or torn carpeting or telephone, electric, and computer cords and
correct promptly
Clean up liquid spills immediately
Liquid spills on hard surfaces such as tile, polished concrete can create a slip hazard
Dispose of any food items in approved locations by the end of the workday
SAFE USE OF FILE CABINETS

Take precautions when loading and unloading file drawers and cabinets
Never have two or more drawers open at the same time. Store the heaviest (or the most)
materials in the bottom drawer and the lightest (or the fewest) material in the top drawer
When transferring files unload the top drawers first and load bottom drawers first to maintain
stability
When closing file drawers, use the handle to avoid smashing fingertips
Be alert for burrs and sharp edges on metal cabinets and other office furniture
Level or shim file cabinets as necessary so that drawers remain closed when not in use
TAKE PRECAUTIONS WHEN FILLING AND MOVING ITEMS SUCH AS BOXES

Do not overload boxes when packing
Seal the bottom and sides of the box firmly with tape before filling so contents do not break
through
Place warning label on heavy boxes
If contents are loose or unstable, add packing material or change to a smaller box
Plan ahead to prevent back strain and unstable loads
Whenever possible, fill boxes at or close to the pickup location to avoid multiple handling
C11 Office Safety Page 2
When stacking boxes on a cart or pallet, do not stack boxes over 1.2 meters (4 ft.) high
Use a step stool or ladder, not a chair, for reaching overhead storage
Visually inspect the top of each item you intend to move to verify there are no loose objects that may
fall
Know how much each item weighs and plan where you will place it
DEMONSTRATION: Show correct lifting techniques
Squat close to the load with one foot alongside the load and the other behind it, knees bent, and
back straight and upright
Grip load firmly
Stand up slowly, keeping the load close to your body, allowing the legs to take most of the load
Avoid twisting or jumping with a load
Put load down smoothly and slowly, again allowing your legs to take most of the load
If item is too heavy to lift, get help or proper equipment
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What will help prevent repetitive cumulative trauma injuries in an office workspace?
What can we do to prevent trip hazards?
What is the proper procedure for lifting a large or heavy item?
DC-80-E No. C11 2/21
C12 Protecting Your Hands and Fingers
NOTE: Our hands are our most valuable tools. Nothing matches their usefulness. Help your audience
to apply hand-safety principles to all circumstances on their assignment.—g92 8/8 18-20
Theme Scripture: Ecclesiastes 9:10a
POTENTIAL FOR HAND AND FINGER INJURY IS GREAT SINCE WE USE THEM SO OFTEN (for years has
been greatest injury type)
Pinch points—A place where your hand or fingers may be cut, scraped, or crushed
Nip point—A place where your hand can be drawn into moving machinery or equipment
Unexpected hazards from rotating or moving machine surface
May exist only during certain stages of machine operation
May be hidden by other parts of the machine or guards
Parts may have sharp edges, shear points, slivers, jagged edges, burrs
Contact hazards include hot spots, electricity or chemical and biological contamination
HUMAN FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO HAND OR FINGER INJURIES

Rushing to complete the job
Boredom and inattentiveness; lack of concentration
Unsure/unaware of procedure
Distractions
Inexperience
Overconfidence
WHAT SAFETY PRINCIPLES SHOULD ALWAYS BE FOLLOWED? (Stress those applicable to your
department)
Never rush a job
Always watch where your hands are
Identify pinch points before beginning your job
Never place your hands where you cannot see them
Half of all hand injuries happen to the “off hand” or the one that is not doing the work
Examples: Keep hands away from doorjambs. Do not position fingers between wall and heavy
object, such as a drum
Do not wear rings, watches, long-sleeved shirts, or other loose clothing that could be caught by
moving equipment; or snagged on stationary object
Example: A brother lost a finger when he jumped down off a scaffold and his wedding ring
snagged on the structure
Concentrate on your work
If your mind starts to wander, change task, change position, or take a brief break
When using tools like knives and blades
Make sure they are sharp (dull cutting tools require more effort/force and increase potential for
accidents)
Always cut away from you and others
Keep your hands out of the cutting path
C12 Protecting Your Hands and Fingers Page 2
Use gloves appropriate for the work (show the variety of gloves used in your department)
Wear gloves designed for type of work
Thermal rated, cut resistant, electrical insulated, chemical resistant
Gloves should be of appropriate length to prevent chemical contact with forearms
Do not wear gloves near machine gears or other rotating equipment where gloves can be caught
(e.g., drill press, lathe)
When using power tools
Pay close attention to what you are doing and do not look away
Keep guards in place
Keep hands away from blades and bits
Use a push stick to guide materials through a table saw or band saw
Use appropriate magnet to remove metal shavings from machinery (drill press, milling
machine)
Use pliers or other tools to hold small metal or wood objects while cutting or grinding
Prevent kickback
Clamp the material in place
Do not attempt to hold smaller pieces by hand when cutting or grinding
Support the material to prevent the blade from binding in the cut
Keep blades and bits sharp
Allow machinery/equipment to reach operating rpm before beginning to cutting material
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What are some examples of hand hazards that exist in our assigned area?
What suggestions are given to protect us against hand injury?
DC-80-E No. C12 2/21
D1 Solvent Hazards
NOTE: Solvents are useful but can be hazardous if used improperly. Help everyone to understand the
health and fire hazards of the solvents they use and the need to take the necessary precautions
when handling and storing them.—See Flammable Liquids (A-126)
SOLVENTS ARE ANY SUBSTANCES USED TO DISSOLVE ANOTHER SUBSTANCE

(Give examples of solvents used in your department)
Vinegar is a common substance that is a solvent
HEALTH DANGERS ASSOCIATED WITH SOLVENTS

(Consult the Safety Data Sheet [SDS] to understand all hazards of the solvent and the control
methods)
Exposure to solvents can cause serious health problems
External—Skin irritation, dermatitis, rash, and eyesight may be affected if splashed in eyes
Internal—Liver, kidney, nerve, and reproductive systems
HOW CAN YOU PROTECT YOURSELF FROM THE HEALTH DANGERS ASSOCIATED WITH SOME
SOLVENTS?
Use the least hazardous chemical you can use for the purpose
Follow manufacturer’s directions on handling methods and ventilation
Appropriate personal protective equipment should be worn as directed by SDS
Examples: Respirator, chemical goggles, gloves, apron, face shield.
Avoid rubbing your eyes, mouth, or touching your skin with anything contaminated with solvent
Do not store or eat food in a contaminated area since food absorbs solvents
Adequate ventilation is critical to prevent buildup of harmful vapors
Immediately change any clothing that becomes solvent soaked and wash separately
If a chemical is transferred from its primary container to a secondary container, an approved label
must be applied. These can be obtained from the service centers
What should you do to identify a chemical improperly stored in an unlabeled container?
Inform your overseer
If oversight cannot determine what is inside the container inquire with purchasing or an outside
source that can render assistance
Do not try to determine what is in a container by sniffing its odors (g94 6/22 12)
FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS OF SOLVENTS

Familiarize yourself with the fire/explosion hazards for each solvent used. Particularly pay attention
to parts nine and ten of the Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
HOW CAN YOU PROTECT YOURSELF FROM THE FIRE AND EXPLOSION DANGERS ASSOCIATED WITH
SOME SOLVENTS?
Store flammable solvents only in approved safety containers
Do not use a flammable solvent for cleaning/degreasing if a less hazardous solvent, water-soluble
detergent, or citrus cleaner is adequate for the job and only use department approved solvents
D1 Solvent Hazards Page 2
Rags soiled with solvents must be placed in approved safety cans with self-closing lids until laundered
or discarded
Eliminate sparks where flammable solvents are being used or stored
Restrict use of sparking appliances such as drills, fans, floor scrubbers
Never weld or allow open flames in area of flammable solvent fumes
Most solvent vapors are heavier than air and tend to collect in low spots (e.g., downstairs)
When pouring flammable solvents from a drum, the drum must be grounded and the safety can must
be bonded to the drum
Grounding and bonding are accomplished by attaching wires specifically designed to prevent
static spark
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Clean up small spills promptly and notify your overseer immediately if a large spill occurs
Work with your local branch regulatory agency to properly dispose of any unwanted or unusable
solvents
Never pour solvents down any drains
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Why may solvents be dangerous and what steps should be taken to protect yourself?
How can you determine the fire/explosion hazards of each solvent?
What steps should be taken to reduce fire/explosion risk from solvents used in our assignment?
DC-80-E No. D1 2/21
D2 Proper Use and Care of Respirators
NOTE: Prior to using a respirator, each individual should be certified by passing a medical evaluation,
receiving training, and a respirator test fitting.—See Respiratory Protection (A-139)
PROTECT YOUR RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Stress the importance of using a respirator anytime a respiratory hazard is present
The long-term harm done by contaminants can be irreversible and deadly (e.g., asbestos, silica
dust)
Respiratory hazards include
Dust created by grinding, sanding, drilling, machining, and demolition
Mold, fungus, biological contaminants
Mists form when liquids atomize or condense by boiling, mixing, or spraying
Gases, vapors, and fumes characterized by their chemical content
Gases, such as nitrogen, sulfur dioxide, and carbon dioxide have properties similar to air
Vapors result from the evaporation of a liquid or a solid
Fuels and solvents are examples of liquids that produce vapors
Other gases may displace oxygen, creating an oxygen-deficient environment for which air-
supplying respirators are necessary, and still others produce acids or alkalis when they react with
water
BENEFIT FROM DEPARTMENT-SPECIFIC RESPIRATORY PROTECTION ARRANGEMENTS

(Review your department-specific respiratory protection plan and show volunteers the types of
respirators that are approved for their use)
Everyone in the department must be aware of what tasks or areas have potentially hazardous
atmospheric conditions and what respirators should be used
A Job Hazard Analysis (DC-83 or DC-85) will document the hazards
Review and explain the types of respirators used in your department (show examples, e.g., N-95
disposable, half-mask)
Explain what kind of protection your designated respirators provide
Different kinds of cartridges/filters supplied for specific protection
Examples: Asbestos, organic vapors, acids, gases, ammonia
Describe the procedure for acquiring appropriate respirators and cartridges
Proper ventilation can improve atmospheric conditions but is not a substitute for using a respirator
Open windows and/or use fans/exhaust systems to replace contaminated air with fresh air
Ensure exhaust air will not adversely affect others outside the building or re-enter the building
OBTAINING, USING, AND CARING FOR RESPIRATORS

Before beginning work that requires the use of dust masks or respirators, workers must be trained
how to properly select, use, and maintain them
This training should be documented as part of the respiratory program
Describe the procedure for acquiring appropriate respirators and cartridges
Untrained workers should not be allowed to obtain a respirator, cartridge (filter), and
replacement parts
D2 Proper Use and Care of Respirators Page 2
Some respiratory programs may also require a medical evaluation (See A-139 par. 9)
REVIEW QUESTIONS
When are respirators needed in our department?
What key steps should be taken to properly use and care for our respirators?
DC-80-E No. D2 2/21
D3 Using Chemical Protective Gloves
NOTE: Emphasize importance of wearing suitable protective gloves when using chemicals. All should fully
understand how to inspect gloves for defects, how to put them on, and how to care for them when
handling chemicals
CHOOSE THE PROPER GLOVE

Gloves are made in a variety of materials, each has its specific use
Cotton, Leather—good resistance to cut, puncture, abrasion, but offer no resistance to chemicals
Rubber, Nitrile, Latex, Neoprene—may offer resistance to some chemicals, but may not for others, or
perhaps only for a limited time
Discuss Glove Selection
Choose the glove material that is resistant to the work being performed
Nitrile gloves suitable for most chemicals, but not all
Guide for Chemicals (on next page) is to help overseers determine proper type of gloves for tasks
performed in the department and make these available for all volunteers
Job Hazard Analysis (DC-83 or DC-85) will outline hazards and appropriate protection
Show examples of types of gloves used in the department
Mention some practical and helpful hints
Combination of gloves may be better for some chemicals (e.g., xylene SIL inside NIT)
Cotton liner helps with perspiration (e.g., APD cotton liner inside NIT)
Barrier creams may help protect against skin irritation
Creams are supplemental and should not be a replacement for gloves
When doing overhead tasks, fold cuff on glove so spills or chemicals do not run down arm
Select gloves that fit
If gloves are too large, slips and spills can occur
If gloves are too small, damage can occur leaving hands and arms unprotected
INSPECT GLOVES REGULARLY WHILE USING

What to look for
Damage
Wear
Punctures
Replace as needed (outline department guidelines for replacement)
CARING FOR NON-DISPOSABLE GLOVES

Keep them clean
Clean chemical on outer surface of glove (highlight as appropriate for department assignments)
May wish to rinse out unlined gloves at end of day
Hang to dry after each use
Allows solvent/chemical to evaporate
Helps prevent growth of bacteria
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Which gloves should be used in our department?
D3 Using Chemical Protective Gloves Page 2
What should be done to care for our gloves?
When should gloves be replaced?
DC-80-E No. D3 2/21
Glove Selection Guide for Chemicals
1. IDENTIFY THE PRODUCTS OR CHEMICALS TO BE USED
PRODUCT / CHEMICAL RECOMMENDED GLOVE(S)

2. RECOMMENDED GLOVE(S)
ACETIC ACID neo (7hr), SIL (4hr)
KEY GLOVE MATERIALS: ACETONE BUT (6hr), NEO (10min)
BUT Butyl PVA Polyvinyl alcohol ACRYLIC ADMIXTURES NIT (+), NEO (+), NAT (+)
AMMONIUM BIFLUORIDE NIT (+), NEO (+), NAT (+)
NAT Natural SIL Silver Shield
AMMONIA NIT (6hr), NAT (2hr)
NEO Neoprene VIT Viton
AMYLACETATE PVA (+), NIT (60min)
NIT Nitrile APD NIT (+), NEO (+), NAT (+)
BENZENE VIT (+), SIL (4hr), PVA (7min)
BLEACH (HOUSEHOLD STRENGTH) NIT (+), NEO (+)
3. CONTACT TIME (IF SHOWN) BRIGHT PLY LAP SEALANT VIT(6hr), SIL(4hr), NIT(30min), PVA(15min)
BRITE PLY SPLICE CLEANER PVA (?), SIL (?)
Compare the time ratings shown in parenthesis: BUTYL ACETATE PVA (+), SIL (4hr), NIT (80min)
The time rating is for a period of constant contact with CARBONA VIT (4hr), SIL (4hr), PVA (30 min)
chemical until degradation or permeation occurs. CHLOROTHENE NIT (2hr), PVA (1hr)
CUT OFF MASTIC SIL (4hr), NIT (?), VIT (?), PVA (?)
(+) = Glove rated for extended exposures DANISH OIL FINISH NIT (+), VIT (+), NEO (+)
DIACETONE ALCOHOL NEO (5hr), NIT (4hr), SIL (4hr)
(?) = Rating unknown, use with limited exposure EPOXIES, ACRYLIC SIL (4hr), NIT (?)
EPOXY MASTICS (M.E.K. THINNED) SIL (4hr), BUT (30min+), PVA (25min)
EPOXY MASTICS (XYLOL, TOLUOL) VIT (4hr), SIL (4hr), NIT (20min)
4. TYPE OF JOB EPOXY RESINS NIT (?), SIL (?), BUT (?)
EPOXY THINNER NIT (?), SIL (?), NEO (?)
Will abrasion, heat or flexibility be a problem? ETHYLENE GLYCOL NIT (+), NEO (+), NAT (+), SIL (4hr)
FEDRON SIL (4hr), NIT (?)
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GLOVE MATERIALS:
FOAM ADHESIVE (3M #74) VIT (?), NIT (?), PVA (?)
MATERIAL ABRASION CUT FLEX HEAT PUNCTURE TEAR FORMALDEHYDE NIT (+), SIL (4hr), NEO (2hr)
BUTYL F G G E G G FREEZ-IT NEO (?), VIT (?)
NATURAL E E E F E E GASOLINE NIT (+), SIL (4hr)
NEOPRENE E E G G G G HEPTANE SIL (4hr), NIT (?), VIT (?)
NITRILE E E E G E G HEXANE NIT (+), SIL (4hr), NEO (45min)
PVA F F P G F G HYDROCHLORIC ACID NIT (+), NEO (+), NAT (+)
VITON G G G G G G HYDROFLUORIC ACID (20%+) SIL (4hr), NIT (2hr), NEO (1 hr)
E = EXCELLENT G = GOOD F = FAIR P = POOR ISOCYANATES PVA (+), SIL (4hr)
ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL NIT (+), NEO (+), SIL (4hr)
KEROSENE NIT (?), SIL (?), NEO (?)
5. GLOVE STYLE KONTACT KLEAN NEO (4hr)
LACQUER THINNER NIT (?), VIT (?), SIL (?)
LAP SEALANT NIT (?), NAT (?)
MATERIAL / DESCRIPTION Manufacturer LUBRICANTS (PETROLEUM BASED) NIT (+), NEO (+)
M. E. K. SIL (4hr), BUT (30min), PVA (30min)
NIT - Nitrile
METHANOL SIL (4hr), BUT (2hr), NEO (1 hr), NIT (10min)
37-155 SOLVEX Green, 15 Mil, 13" (33 cm) ANSELL EDMONT
METHYLENE CHLORIDE SIL (2hr), VIT (1 hr), PVA (17min)
37-165 SOLVEX green, 22 mil, 15" (38 cm) ANSELL EDMONT
MINERAL SPIRITS NIT (+), NEO (1 hr), SIL (?)
37-185 SOLVEX green, 22 mil, 18" (46 cm) ANSELL EDMONT
MURIATIC ACID NIT (+), NEO (+), NAT (+)
NALCO TREATMENT SYSTEM NEO (?), VIT (?), SIL (?)
NEO - Neoprene
NAPHTHA VM & P NIT (+), NEO (+)
Nl-34 STANZOIL, blue/black w/liner STAUFFER
PAINT REMOVER SIL (2hr), VIT 1 hr)
9-928 NEOX 18" back, heavy duty ANSELL EDMONT
PAINT - ALKYD VIT (+), NIT (+), NEO (?)
9-430 NEOX 30" black, heavy duty ANSELL EDMONT PAINT - LATEX NIT (+), NEO (+), NAT (?)
PAINT - POLYURETHANE SIL (4hr), PVA (30min)
NAT - Natural Rubber PERCHLOROETHYLENE NIT (5hr), SIL (4hr)
031 latex yellow (one size fits all) DURA WEAR PHOSPHORIC ACID NIT (+), NAT (+), NEO (+)
POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE NIT (+), NEO (+), NAT (+)
PVA - Polyvinyl alcohol REFRIGERANT OIL NIT (?), NEO (?), VIT (?)
15-561 fully coated, red, 12" (30 cm) ANSELL EDMONT R-11 REFRIGERANT NEO (?), NIT (?)
15-552 fully coated, red, 12" (30 cm) ANSELL EDMONT R-113 REFRIGERANT NIT (+), NEO (4hr)
SPLICE CLEANER (ROOFER'S) NIT (10min), SIL (4hr)
VIT - Viton SPLICING CEMENT PVA (15min), NIT (10min), SIL (4hr)
F - 101 black, 11" (28 cm) x 12 mil NORTH STATIC GUARD VIT (?), NIT (?), NEO (?)
SULFURIC ACID SIL (4hr), NEO (3hr)
BUT - Butyl SURE SEAL BOND ADHESIVE SIL (4hr), PVA (15min), NIT (10min)
B-161 black, medium wt, 11" (28 cm) smooth NORTH TOLUENE VIT (16hr), SIL (4hr), NIT (30min)
B-324-R black, heavy duty, 14" (36 cm) rough NORTH TRICHLOROETHANE 1, 1, 1 VIT (15hr), SIL (4hr), NIT (90min), PVA 1 hr)
TRI-FLO SIL (4hr?), NIT (1 hr)
SIL - Silver Laminate TURPENTINE NIT (30min)
4H disposable, silver SAFETY 4 WALL WASH NIT (+), NEO (+), VIT (+)
WINDOW WASH NIT (+), VIT (+)
SIZES: NIT 8, 9, 10, & 11; NEO STANZOIL: S, M, L, & XL; NEOX: one size only; WIPE STAINS (MIN. SPIRITS BASED) NIT (+), VIT (+)
PVA 15-661 ladies', 15-552 men's; VIT, BUT, and SIL 8, 10, & 12. XYLENE/XYLOL PVA (+), VIT (4hr), SIL (4hr), NIT (70min)
D4 Chemical Hazard Awareness
NOTE: All listeners should know the value, hazards, and safe-handling methods of chemicals used in
their assignments
Theme Scripture: 2 Kings 4:40
CHEMICALS CAN BE MARVELOUS AIDS TO OUR WORK, BUT CAN BE LIFE THREATENING
Examples of chemicals used in our work
Lubricating oils and greases
Detergents, Solvents, other cleaning agents
Other products
GLOBALLY HARMONIZED SYSTEM (GHS) IS A GLOBALLY RECOGNIZED SYSTEM DEVELOPED BY THE

UNITED NATIONS FOR CLASSIFICATION AND LABELING
Manufacturers produce labels that describe the container’s contents
Each chemical container must have a label identifying possible hazards
QUESTION: Why should we never transfer a chemical to a new container without applying a new
label with the manufacturer information?
Demonstrate the nine standard symbols and their meaning (See page 2)
Explosive, Flammable, Oxidizer, Gas Cylinder, Corrosive, Fatal Toxicity, Irritant, Specific Hazard,
Environment
These symbols highlight the danger, but how do we know how to protect ourselves?
THE SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS) HELPS US PROTECT OURSELVES FROM CHEMICAL HAZARDS
(use a sample SDS for a product used in your department to illustrate each point)
Hazardous Ingredients section (usually section II)
Gives the kinds of chemical ingredients in the product that could cause harm
Fire & Explosive Potential section (usually section IV)
Tells how to judge the fire hazards of the product as well as what type of extinguisher is needed to
put out a fire caused by this product
Health Hazards section (usually section VI) is a very important part of the SDS
Describes dangers of breathing, touching, or ingesting of product and recommended first aid
procedures
Spill Remediation section (usually section VII)
Tells how to dispose of an unintentional product spill
Due to the variety of laws on the matter it often just states, “Dispose of in harmony with
applicable legal requirements.” Spill response procedures approved for the facility should be
used
Personal protective equipment (PPE) section (usually section VII)
Tells what equipment should be used when handling the product
Depending on type and degree of hazard, these could include gloves, respirator, eye protection
SDS LOCATION AND USE

Check with the safety or purchasing office regarding availability of SDS for products used by your
department
D4 Chemical Hazard Awareness Page 2
Read and understand the SDS for all types of chemical products that you use
Contact your department overseer if you have any question related to SDS
CHEMICAL SPILL RESPONSE

If you detect a chemical spill
Take immediate action to protect yourself and others if the spill is determined to be hazardous
If safe to do so, take reasonable steps to prevent the spill from spreading
Notify your overseer
If you begin to feel ill due to overexposure to a chemical product
Move to fresh air and call for first aid or medical assistance
Notify your overseer for further assistance as needed
Consult SDS (or manufacturer’s product information) for recommended treatment
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What information is provided by the SDS?
What information is provided by the hazard designations on the container’s label(s)?
What procedure should be followed when we notice a chemical spill?
DC-80-E No. D4 2/21
GHS Pictograms
Explosives Flammables Oxidizers
Gases Under Pressure Corrosives Acute Toxicity
Irritants/Sensitizers Specific Toxicity Hazards Environmental Hazard

Other Hazards
E1 Safe Use of Stepladders
NOTE: Emphasize the importance of humility in following basic rules of ladder safety. Make sure
listeners understand how to select, inspect, and safely use stepladders.—g99 8/8 22-24; w10
4/15 30
NEVER USE SUBSTITUTES

Ladder substitutes often used (e.g., boxes, books, chairs, dollies, pails, drums)
Common excuses
“I do not have time to look for a ladder;” “I am not climbing that high;” “It will only take a second”
How can pride affect thinking in these instances?
DECIDING WHICH LADDER TO USE

Material Type: Aluminum, fiberglass, or wood
Do not use metal, or wood ladders with metal reinforcement where there is potential electrical
contact
Height
Stepladders should not exceed 3 meters (10 ft.) in total height or be manned above 1.8 meters (6
ft.) unless fall protection is provided. (DC-82 p. 8)
Do not stand on or above the top two rungs of any ladder
Do not sit on a stepladder
Rating—Check duty rating label for maximum weight (body and equipment) capacity
Read and follow all instruction labels on the ladder
If label(s) is(are) missing or illegible, contact oversight
Stepladders have the potential to tip over
Use for short duration work (30 minutes or less)
For extended work, use scaffold towers or podium steps. (See A-137 pars. 38-46)
LADDER INSPECTION
Before using, inspect ladder starting at the bottom
Feet—not damaged and not missing slip-resistant pads
Steps—broken or missing or having grease, dirt, or other contaminants that could cause a slip
Side rails—not damaged, split or bent
Locks/braces/other safety devices—are there signs of wear, or are any damaged or missing?
If damaged, take out of service, repair, or discard, but NEVER use a damaged ladder
SETUP—FREQUENT CAUSE OF FALLS FROM LADDERS IS POOR SETUP

Is area clear of hazards? (clutter, obstructions, electrical power lines)
Are braces fully opened and locked?
Is it level and on solid, non-slippery surface?
If a second person must hold the ladder steady to stabilize it, stop and reconsider the set-up,
and/or consider another means of access (e.g., scaffolding)
If possible, place ladder at right angle to the work, with front or back of the steps facing the work
E1 Safe Use of Stepladders Page 2
Never use on top of scaffolding, next to a parapet wall or railing, open stairwell
Never lean a stepladder against a wall or roof edge
Feet are not designed to pivot, so ladder could kick out
For such applications use only a straight or extension ladder with pivoting feet
PROPER USE
Always keep three parts of your body in contact with the ladder when climbing
Hold on with both hands and a foot or both feet and a hand and never hold tools when climbing
If tools or supplies cannot be carried in pouch, hoist up in bucket with rope
If items are too bulky, heavy, or could tip ladder if hoisted, use staging instead
Only one person on a ladder at a time. (Exception: Double entry ladders, i.e., steps on both sides)
Ascend and descend only on side with steps and always face the ladder
Keep your body centered between the rails and do not stretch beyond arm’s reach
As needed, climb down and move the ladder closer to the work
Always keep both feet on ladder
Never move the ladder while on it
Barricade the work area if in or near a high traffic area, block doorway or post a guard if at a doorway
REVIEW QUESTIONS
When is it acceptable to use chairs, buckets, or barrels as a ladder?
Before using a stepladder, what should you check?
Explain how to use a stepladder safely
DC-80-E No. E1 2/21
E2 Safety in Elevated Locations
NOTE: Falls from heights have consistently been the most significant cause of serious injury and
death within the construction and maintenance industry. Help listeners understand their
responsibility when performing tasks in elevated locations.—See http://www.bethel.jw.org/WHQ-
LSLP/HighHazardActivitiesControl/elevate/Pages/working-at-heights-overview.aspx
Theme Scripture: Acts 20:9. Even in theocratic activities serious incidents occur when safety is not
pursued
FALL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS

Fall protection must be provided where there is a potential to fall 1.8 meters (6 ft.) or higher (at
height)
Any floor or landing with an edge or hole through which one may fall, including unprotected
skylights
Any roof or raised platform without a sufficient parapet or guardrail of 1.1 meters (3 ft. 6 in.) in
height
Ladders where someone will be working at or above 1.8 meters (6 ft.)
Compliance can be attained on work sites by using one of the following options listed in order of
preference
Edge Protection– provide a physical barrier between the work area and the fall zone
Guardrails that will support at least a 90 kilogram (200 lb.) force in outward or downward
direction
Hole covers with adequate overlap, secured and marked “Hole” or “Cover”. These must be
capable of holding two times the potential weight that may bear on the cover
Scaffolding with proper guardrail system installed (See A-137 pars. 8-11)
Personal fall restraint system includes harnesses and life lines, and/or lanyards that are attached
to appropriate anchor points
The life line or lanyard length restrains the worker from falling over any edge
Personal fall arrest system- includes harnesses and life lines, and/or lanyards that are attached to
appropriate anchor points. A rescue plan is required for fall arrest systems (See E5 “Using Fall
Protection Equipment”)
Safety net systems that protect people or objects from falling on others below (must be
engineered system)
Anyone working near the edge of an excavation of 1.8 meters (6 ft.) or more in depth must be
protected from falls by guardrails, fences, or barricades unless it is sloped or benched
HAZARD PREVENTION FROM FALLING OBJECTS

Use proper hoisting methods to ensure safety during the job setup and while moving tools,
equipment, and/or materials (See E4 “Rigging and Hoisting”)
Toe boards must be installed on working platform over 1.2 meters (4 ft.) in height
Never set anything on edge of roof, parapet, ledge, or sill
Close and/or protect all windows prior to performing tasks near or above windows
Block off area below with barricades whenever falling debris could present a hazard
Post signs such as “Danger—Men Working Above” and “Hard Hat Area”
E2 Safety in Elevated Locations Page 2
If a canopy over a required traffic area is erected it must be strong enough to prevent collapse and
penetration by any objects that may fall onto it
Equip tools with restraint devices so they cannot fall
Secure or remove tools, equipment, materials, and loose debris
At the end of each work period
During inclement weather
Do not work in dangerous weather conditions (e.g., high winds, extreme temperatures, rain,
snow, lighting)
Remove barricades as soon as the task is finished and it is safe for others to pass
Good communication needed to prevent unsafe situations
Between overseer, crew, and supporting departments
Never compromise safety for the sake of production
Gross negligence could incur bloodguilt (De 22:8)
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What safety precautions are required when working in elevated locations?
Why should barricades be used when performing overhead tasks?
When should barricades be removed?
DC-80-E No. E2 2/21
E3 Using Scaffolding
NOTE: Explain proper set up and safe use of scaffolds that are available for use at your job sites.—See
Working at Heights (A-137)
Theme Scripture: 1 Kings 6:2 The temple was over 10 meters (40 ft.) high. We also need to
build/maintain high areas
USE THE PROPER SCAFFOLDING OR STAGING FOR THE WORK (if applicable, specify the department
that cares for this)
Narrow frame (“baker”) scaffold used on light-duty jobs (e.g., changing light bulbs, cleaning elevated
areas)
Rolling towers or supported scaffold used on medium/heavy jobs (e.g., plastering, block laying,
demolition)
INSPECTION AND SET-UP

Only trained persons should erect scaffolding
A trained and competent person must supervise and approve the scaffold assembly
Inspect all scaffold components before use. (Do not use damaged, broken, or incomplete equipment)
Casters or base plates should always be used
Never use substitutes such as concrete blocks to support scaffold frames
Scaffolds must be plumb, level, and square
Cross braces must be attached securely to scaffold frames
Decks should be secured with no gaps in the platform and must not extend more than 300
millimeters (12 in.) beyond frames
Approved safety rails with mid-rails must be installed along with toe boards
Ensure that all frames, castors, or baseplates are securely attached with bolts or pins
SAFE USE OF SCAFFOLDING OR STAGING

Scaffolding must be tagged by a trained competent person before use
Green–Safe to Use, Yellow–caution, special requirements to use, Red–Unsafe to Use
Scaffolding should be inspected each day
Keep decks clean and secured in position
Do not lean over edge
Use the ladder or stairs provided to gain access
Climbing up the outside of the frames is prohibited unless frames are designed with built-in
ladders
Never use cross braces on tubular scaffolding as a means of access or leaving the scaffold
Keep tools securely tied off or in pouch or bucket
Do not work above others
Only persons authorized by the competent person or foreman are permitted to make alterations or
relocate any piece of scaffolding (this excludes the horizontal movement of rolling scaffolds)
Special requirements for locations over 6 meters (20 ft.) and where access within stairwells and
shafts is needed
E3 Using Scaffolding Page 2
MOVING ROLLING SCAFFOLDS SAFELY
Make sure frame and deck are clear of people, tools, and materials before rolling or moving scaffolds
Make sure floor and path is level, clear of debris, obstacles, and holes that could cause the
scaffolding to become unstable and tip over
Watch out for overhead objects (e.g., lights, pipes, sprinklers, electrical lines)
Do not place scaffold near an unprotected edge with a drop off, such as on a truck dock
When scaffold is in desired location and leveled, lock all casters
DISMANTLE PROPERLY
Only trained persons should dismantle scaffolding
Visually inspect and correct any issues that would make dismantling unsafe
Follow erection procedures in reverse, consult manufacturer’s manuals
Plan disassembly so as to maintain structural stability during dismantling
Do not remove any ties, supports, or braces until scaffold frames above have been removed
To keep decks clear, lower dismantled components in orderly manner—do not throw or drop
components
Inspect scaffold components and remove from service any that are damaged or unsafe
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Explain the different types of scaffolding equipment available
What safety precautions are required when using scaffolding or rolling towers?
DC-80-E No. E3 2/21
E4 Rigging and Hoisting
NOTE: The hoisting of loads is a common but hazardous task performed in our theocratic
assignments. Emphasize the importance of knowing the limitations and operating procedures for
the rigging/hoisting equipment to be used. For principles of safe lifting operations, see Working
Together Safely (DC-82), page 11, and Crane Safety (A-134)
Theme Scripture: Acts 27:16, 17, 40. (Use of block and tackle for hoisting on sail boats)
RIGGING SAFELY
Accurate calculations and thorough planning is essential for safe rigging. (Use of Job Hazard Analysis
[DC-85])
Evaluate the load in preparation for move
Know the weight of load (consult shipping papers or labels, or physically weigh it)
Assure that sufficient equipment is on hand (e.g., jacks, dollies, truck with adequate forks) that
is rated for the load
Determine: Where is the load’s center of gravity? How should it be lifted? Where should dollies
be placed?
Assign sufficient spotters to assist with move and keep others at safe distance
Create “Do Not Enter” zone around equipment and swing areas
Secure the load
Band or tie unstable loads to prevent shifting during movement
Drain liquids if possible since these could make the load unstable
What could result from leaving tools or other objects on top of load?
Analyze pathway and remove any obstructions
Sweep pathway to remove debris that could wedge under wheels and wipe up any spills
Use spotters and barricades as necessary to control access
Designate one person to give direction and transmit all hoisting signals
Only exception—anyone can and should give STOP command if they see a dangerous situation
Moving the load safely
Do not exceed rated capacity of equipment (hoist, lift, elevator, shackles, strapping, slings, wire
rope)
Any chains used should have links marked by manufacturer showing the lift rating
Make sure lifting accessories have documentation indicating a valid inspection date
Protect yourself from injury
Never reach under or place your hands, fingers, feet, or any part of your body under a raised
load
If the load should start to fall; DO NOT attempt to steady it
Anticipate and stay clear of load swing; Do not become trapped between a fixed object and the
load
Lift the load only as high as necessary to clear obstacles and move at safe speed
USING CHAIN AND WIRE ROPE HOISTS

Select the hoist rated for the job
Know weight of load and use hoist that can lift that weight
E4 Rigging and Hoisting Page 2
Inspect your equipment
Check all chain links for gouged, twisted, or distorted links and foreign material
Inspect hooks and safety latches to make sure they are not bent, worn, or otherwise damaged
Make sure hoist is in good operating condition; if there is any doubt, do not use it
Inspect wire rope for kinks, knots, or any deformities
Discard and destroy any damaged lifting equipment (chain, hooks, wire rope)
Use hoist correctly
Make sure hoist is held securely and the structure it is attached to can support the load weight
Do not use two people to pull the chain or use a handle extension to give additional leverage
Use a shackle and a hook with safety latch, rather than filling the hook with straps or wire rope
Keep the hoist centered over the load
Always seat the load in deepest part of the hook and make sure the safety latch is functioning
Before you lift, ensure everyone is clear of the load
As soon as the load begins to lift, verify it is balanced and secure before proceeding
At least one person should be designated to keep the load under observation during the entire
time it remains suspended
Anyone not directly involved with the lift should stay out of the area and at a safe distance
Never lift people with a hoist
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What dangers exist when lifting or hoisting heavy loads?
How can we protect others and ourselves from injury during lifting and moving?
DC-80-E No. E4 2/21
E5 Using Fall Protection Equipment
NOTE: Explain the basic use of fall protection equipment. Read and follow all manufactures
instructions. Describe causes of equipment damage and how to prevent it. (Inform volunteers
which person(s) or department(s) is responsible for fall protection training, equipment inventory,
acquisition, repair, and replacement.)—See Working at Heights (A-137)
Theme Scripture: 2 Kings 1:2a. (This is what we need to prevent)
WORKING AT HEIGHTS IS A HIGH HAZARD ACTIVITY
ALTHOUGH FALL PROTECTION IS THE LAST RESORT FOR PROVIDING SAFETY WHILE WORKING AT
HEIGHTS, IT IS SOMETIMES NEEDED
Individuals must be trained in fall protection safety prior to use of fall protection equipment
STORAGE AND CARE OF EQUIPMENT

All equipment (including ropes and harnesses) must be inspected annually by a qualified person
Store equipment in a cool, dry place
Do not expose equipment to oils, chemicals, sharp objects, or extended exposure to direct sunlight
Caring for ropes
Ropes must be date-tagged prior to use
Note: Only ropes labeled as life lines may be used as fall protection equipment.
Inspect equipment daily or before each use
Prevent damage to ropes during use by
Protecting them from sharp objects that may cut them
Use chafe guards (edge pads) to prevent abrasion and chafing
Shielding them from torches, welding, and fire
Coil and carry ropes rather than drag them across ground, floor, roof
Avoiding chemical exposure—may require use of different type of rope
Do not use life lines for any other purpose, such as hoisting or towing
Remove damaged ropes from service immediately
Downgrade undamaged life lines to general use after seven years of service
Caring for harnesses/lanyards
Chemicals (e.g., acids, solvents, paints) will damage harnesses and lanyards
Keep clean and dry
Inspect equipment daily or before each use
Do not use if you suspect the harness/lanyard may not meet performance requirements
FIELD SET-UP AND USE

A qualified person must inspect the fall protection system before use, even if personal equipment is
used
Only properly trained individuals are permitted to set-up and tie life lines
(Identify by name who is the trained person or department in your work area)
Only clip in/out at a safe location away from a fall exposure
Use self-retracting life lines for fall protection systems whenever possible
E5 Using Fall Protection Equipment Page 2
Self-retracting lanyards should be positioned above the worker and the line plumb or close to
plumb
Keep attachment point of lanyard to anchor or life line as high as possible to shorten a potential fall
Eye level or higher is recommended
Use only double locking snap hooks
The rear (dorsal) D-ring is the only connection point considered fall arrest
Harness with other D-rings are for other purposes, e.g. confined space rescue (shoulder D-rings),
ladder climbing devices (front, chest D-ring), or positioning (side, hip D-rings)
Serious injuries could result from falling even a short distance if using the front or side connection
points
Body belts (waist only) are for positioning only and are not approved fall protection equipment
RESCUE PLAN
A method of safely rescuing a fall victim must be developed and implemented before work begins
(the goal should be rescue in less than 10 minutes)
In addition to injuries received from a fall, a person suspended in a harness will quickly develop
suspension trauma, a condition in which blood circulation is cut off, potentially causing organ
failure
For the above reasons workers must not work alone if they are using fall protection equipment
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Describe how to care for and use fall protection equipment.
When only may one disconnect his lanyard from the safety line?
Why is it necessary to have a rescue plan in place before work begins?
DC-80-E No. E5 2/21
E6 Safe Use of Aerial Lifts
NOTE: Explain to listeners the various types of aerial lifts that are used on your job sites (e.g., boom
lifts, man lifts, scissor lifts) and the uses for which they are designed. Outline the requirements and
qualifications for safe use. Aerial lifts are also known as mobile elevating working platforms
(MEWPs).—See Working at Heights (A-137), paragraphs 34-37
Theme Scripture: Luke 19:4
GENERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR USING AERIAL LIFT

Only trained and authorized individuals are permitted to operate aerial lifts
The work overseer and lift operator should jointly prepare/review a Job Hazard Analysis (DC-83 or
DC-85) before work starts
At the start of each work period, inspect and test the lift operation according to manufacturer’s
instructions
Record the inspection results in the log-book and report any maintenance issues promptly
Any equipment that has a known defect should be locked, tagged and removed from service
Watch for people
Be aware of where you are in relation to other people, machines, and obstructions, especially
when
Raising, lowering, or moving the platform from one location to another
No one should be within 2 meters (6 ft.) of lift while lift is moving
Whenever possible, have another individual serve as a spotter to assist you in watching for
hazards
Set barricades and signage to prevent unauthorized access to work area
Protect yourself and others
Keep hands, feet, tools, and materials inside the platform when operating
Do not stand on railing to extend reach
Never climb up or down the outside of the lift
Do not exceed platform load limits
No unnecessary materials or passengers should be allowed
Fall protection (body harness and lanyard) is required when using a boom lift
When on the platform, always have entry chain(s) hooked or gate latched to prevent falling
Once platform is in position, lock the controls to prevent accidental operation
SAFETY REQUIREMENTS WHEN OPERATING AERIAL LIFTS

When raising the platform
Be aware of overhead obstructions (e.g., ceiling pipes, wires/cables, sprinkler heads)
Beware of dangling electrical cords from platform
Before raising the platform, shout a warning such as “Up!” and pause before raising the platform
When lowering the platform
Make sure the area under the platform is clear
Verify the platform or the mechanical portion of the lift is clear of all obstructions prior to
lowering
E6 Safe Use of Aerial Lifts Page 2
Before lowering the platform, shout a warning such as “Down!” and pause before lowering the
platform
SAFETY REQUIREMENTS WHEN DRIVING AERIAL LIFT

Walk the route first and look for hazards (e.g., overhead obstacles, holes, uneven or soft ground) that
could cause the lift to become unstable
Drive carefully and slowly
Always drive safely and watch where you are moving
Before using rented equipment, become thoroughly familiar with its operation
It is safer to drive with the lift in its lowest position
Allow adequate time and space for turns and stops
Aerial lifts are designed with large and small turning radius—allow room for all turns
Know stopping procedure for the lift you are using
Aerial lifts have brakes that engage by releasing forward/backward control
Allow non-braking lift to roll to a stop rather than engage controls
Avoid quick stops
Always use a flagman or spotter whenever
Driving on or crossing a public road
Driving through areas where there are persons working or walking
REVIEW QUESTIONS
How do you protect yourself and others from injury when operating an aerial lift?
Why is a daily inspection important?
DC-80-E No. E6 2/21
E7 Elevator Safety
NOTE: Explain the principles of safe elevator use and how to avoid injury or equipment damage
Theme Scripture: Ecclesiastes 7:25. Elevators are common but complex. We should strive to know
the dangers
GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

Horseplay is not permitted on elevators; this includes jumping up and down
Vibration can trip the speed governor switch causing the elevator to stop suddenly
Ensure that everything is completely inside the elevator before the doors close, including ropes,
electrical cords, and other items that can present hazards to riders and possible damage to door
mechanism
Example: A brother brought an electric fan into an elevator but allowed the door to close with
part of the electrical cord outside. When the elevator began to move, the fan thrashed about the
cab when the plug caught on the door of the departure floor.
Never ride an elevator during a fire drill or fire emergency because elevators can open at the floor of
the fire
Never enter an elevator without first verifying the elevator is present and that it is properly leveled
In the event that an elevator stops between floors, do not attempt to exit the elevator if more than
20 centimeters (9 in.) from the nearest floor. Use the telephone in the elevator and wait for
assistance
You could trip or fall, or the elevator could move suddenly resulting in serious injury
Never push or force the elevator doors open in an attempt to exit or enter an elevator
Never open roof hatch of car to transport tall items—if needed, contact a qualified elevator
mechanic
Never ride on top of elevator car
Report problems promptly and never use a defective elevator until a qualified mechanic assesses the
situation
PASSENGER ELEVATORS
Never exceed total passenger limits
Passenger elevators are designed for people, not freight
A mixed load of freight and passengers can endanger the passengers, especially if the freight shifts
Do not take mechanic’s carts, or other heavy equipment on passenger elevators unless the
elevator approved for the purpose and is lined with protective material for use during a project
Where possible, do not use elevators to move containers of fuel or other hazardous materials
Verify legal requirement before proceeding
Be careful when using handcarts, hampers, racks, backpacks and do not damage finishes
FREIGHT ELEVATORS
Freight elevators are designed for freight, not people
Only authorized persons should use freight elevators
In some areas, local codes prohibit carrying of passengers on freight elevators. Only the operator
and those involved in the movement of freight are permitted to ride the elevator
Know the weight of your load because exceeding weight limits may create serious hazard
E7 Elevator Safety Page 2
Example: An operator was assigned to an elevator with a load limit of 4,500 kg (10,000 lb.). He
overloaded the elevator with 5,000 kg (11,000 lb.) of paper and allowed a 5,200-kg (11,500-lb.)
fork truck to partially enter the elevator to remove the paper. The elevator dropped when the
brake slipped under the weight of the load. The undercarriage of the fork truck came to rest on
the doorsill, half inside the elevator, preventing the elevator from falling any further. The
consequences of overloading the elevator could have been disastrous.
Always use caution when entering and exiting a freight elevator with hand truck or power equipment
The load can become unstable as the truck or cart crosses the entrance into the elevator
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Why do we avoid using passenger elevators for freight loads, and freight elevators for passengers?
Why is an overloaded elevator dangerous?
Why should we always remain in a stuck elevator until help arrives?
DC-80-E No. E7 2/21
E8 Safe Use of Extension Ladders
NOTE: Emphasize the importance of knowing how to properly transport, set up, and perform tasks
from an extension ladder. Damaged ladders should not be used until they have been repaired, or
replaced.—See also w10 4/15 30; g99 8/8 22-24; https://www.osha.gov/dts/vtools/construction/
ladder_powerline_fnl_eng_web.html
Theme Scripture: Genesis 28:12. (Reference Bible uses “ladder;” would have been quite an extension
ladder!)
LADDER SAFETY STARTS BEFORE WORK BEGINS

The use of extension ladders is a high hazard activity
Rating—Check duty rating label for maximum weight (body and equipment) capacity
Read and follow all instruction labels on the ladder (if label is missing or illegible, contact
oversight)
Inspect condition of ladder before each use
Make sure all parts are clean, undamaged, and secure
Check the condition of each rung, the side rails, feet (should pivot freely), locks, and rope
SAFELY TRANSPORTING EXTENSION LADDERS

Extension ladders can be cumbersome to carry and set-up. Ask for help when moving long ladders
Do not carry the ladder in the upright position. It is safer to lower it and carry it horizontally
If transporting on top of a vehicle, securely fasten the ladder to the roof rack
Rope, cord, and bungee cords, are not recommended as these could break, stretch, or loosen
during transport
Remember to secure it so it will not slide forward in a sudden stop
If ladder extends past the front or rear of vehicle, a bright red flag should be tied on to the end to
warn others
Check local regulations for what is the minimum overhang requiring a flag
SAFELY SETTING UP THE LADDER

It is recommended to have a second person assist
Check for overhead obstacles; stay well away from power lines!
Make sure the structure the ladder is leaning against can support the weight (ladder, worker, and
tools)
Set the feet or bottom end of the ladder against the building or structure
While the ladder is still on the ground, lift the opposite end or raise the top of the ladder slowly
hand over hand on each rung until the top of the ladder is against the structure
Next, move the base of the ladder away from the building while leaving the top of the ladder
leaning against the structure to achieve a 4 to 1 ratio (4 vertical:1 horizontal)
Example: On a 4-meter (12-ft.) wall the base of the ladder should be one meter (3 ft.) away
from the base of the wall.
Make sure the feet are level and on a non-slip, stable surface
If needed, create a stable level base at least one-meter (3-ft.) square in size
When used to access another level, the side rails should extend one meter (3 ft.) above the point of
support and the ladder should be securely fastened. (See A-137 pars. 39-42)
E8 Safe Use of Extension Ladders Page 2
A second person should hold the ladder steady until it is secured
Extension ladder sections must overlap by one meter (3 ft.) for ladders up to 12 meters (36 ft.) long
Extension side of ladder should not be removed and used as a single or straight ladder
For locations over 6 meters (20 ft.) high, staging or scaffolding is a recommended alternative
Secure the ladder to prevent it from falling, either to the side, or backwards, away from the structure
Verify that locking devices are engaged before beginning to climb
Always face the ladder ascending and descending, maintaining 3 points of contact
Only one person is permitted on the ladder at a time unless the ladder is specifically designed for
more
Tools and other items should be secured in pouches or hoisted in a bucket
Always keep your body centered between the side rails
If you cannot reach your objective, stop, climb down, and move the ladder
Never try to move the ladder while on it
Do not move the ladder while it is still fully extended
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Why are extension ladders considered a high hazard activity?
What points should be remembered when using extension ladders?
DC-80-E No. E8 2/21
F1 Using Knives, Blades, and Cutting Tools Safely
NOTE: Demonstrate principles related to safe use of cutting instruments commonly used in your
department. Describe how to safely use, store, sharpen and disposal procedures
BLADES AND CUTTING INSTRUMENTS ARE USED ALMOST DAILY

They come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes
Scissors, razor blades, knives (e.g., hobby, kitchen, utility), cutlass (machete), shears
Used daily in a wide variety of work areas
Kitchen, hair care, medical, grounds maintenance, building and equipment maintenance,
construction, literature production, shipping and receiving
Like “words” can be useful tool, but if used “thoughtlessly” can cause serious injury (Pr 12:18)
PROTECT YOURSELF AND OTHERS

General safety principles and practices
Demonstrate several of the main points below applicable to your work
Examples: opening a sealed carton, chopping vegetables, cutting weeds with cutlass (machete),
cutting insulation or gypsum board products
Use cut resistant gloves if available
NOTE: Cut resistant gloves are a supplement to (not a substitute for) safe practices
Storage and transport
Do not carry or store a tool with the blade exposed
Cutting edge should be covered or retracted into the handle, if applicable, and pointed
toward the ground
Cutlass (machete) are often not supplied with a sheath/cover. Some commendably make a
sheath or cover out of a sturdy material, or wrap it in layers of cloth or newspaper
Never climb a ladder while holding a cutting instrument or blade of any kind in your hand
Never store knives and blades with the sharp edge exposed
Deenergize and lockout/tagout power tools and equipment when replacing blades or bits
Never place a blade, knife, or any other sharp item where it could injure someone
Do not use scissors as a knife
e.g. to open a box or carton
Never cut toward you or someone else
Keep fingers and other body parts away from cutting area
Do not use excessive force
The blade may break or slip and injure you or someone else
If a blade will not cut with use of moderate force, replace or sharpen the tool
Do not use loose razor blade for cutting or scraping
Blade should always be inserted in a tool with a protective handle before use
SERVICING AND DISPOSAL

Ask for personal experiences of any accidents or near-misses when changing or sharpening blades, or
knives, or from improper disposal
F1 Using Knives, Blades, and Cutting Tools Safely Page 2
Briefly demonstrate how to safely change and (if applicable) sharpen or hone knives or blades
NOTE: It is a requirement in printing branches to barricade the knife sharpening area when in use
and to call out “KNIFE!” repeatedly when removing or installing knives or blades
Disposal: Follow any directive from governmental authorities
Cite any that apply
Discard in appropriate container identified for blade disposal
Follow the principle to not dispose or discard any blade with an edge exposed
Tape may be sufficient on smaller blades to cover the sharp edge
Use a grinder to dull larger blades before disposal
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What are some common hazards with the knives and blades you use?
How do we change or sharpen blades?
What is the safe way to dispose of used blades?
DC-80-E No. F1 2/21
F2 Principles of Lockout/Tagout
NOTE: Explain what lockout/tagout (LO/TO) is, why it is used, and briefly show how it is used. Outline
the principles involved and specific techniques. Ensure all understand that “consistent” personal
application can help to prevent injuries.—See Lockout/Tagout (A-128) and Lockout/Tagout Quick
Reference Guide (A-129)
Theme Scripture: Galatians 6:5
YOUR PERSONAL SAFETY

Each individual is responsible for his own personal safety and that of others (Ga 6:5)
As with spiritual hazards, we must personally take steps to prevent harm from physical hazards
We should not expect others to bear this load for us
Sources of potentially hazardous energy (See A-128 par. 3)
Mechanical
Chemical
Electrical
Gravitational
Hydraulic and Pneumatic
Thermal
What types of hazardous energy do you work around routinely? (Give examples)
LOCKOUT/TAGOUT–WHAT IS IT?
Lockout–a method of physically isolating and blocking a source of potentially hazardous energy so
that each individual can use a personal lock to prevent the removal of the blocking device
This prevents the accidental start-up of equipment or systems, or the release of hazardous energy
during installation, maintenance, or repair work
An actual lock and key must be used (not simply wire tie, or zip-tie)
Check local laws for any regulations or recommendations that might apply. (Some agencies
require that size, shape, or color of locks are easily distinguished from locks used for security or
other purposes.)
Tagout–a method used, along with a lock, to clear identify who installed the lock, how to contact that
person, what work is being done, and when the work started
Both lock and tag must be used together. (Show locks, lockout devices and tags)
Lock Removal
Only the owner of the lock may remove it
Exception: A-128, paragraph 11, point 4, states: “In a situation where it is impossible for a worker
to personally remove his lock, steps may be taken to remove” (Briefly review the bulleted points
that follow)
LOCKOUT/TAGOUT PROCEDURE
Before work begins (7 steps)
SURVEY–Identify (all) energy sources
NOTIFY–Anyone who would be affected by the energy source shutting down
SHUT DOWN–Turn off machine/system; engage machine stop, put in “off” or neutral
ISOLATE–Machine/system from energy sources (e.g., close valve, flip breaker)
F2 Principles of Lockout/Tagout Page 2
LOCKOUT/TAGOUT–Install the energy isolating/blocking device; place lock and tag on device
DISSIPATE–Release any stored energy (e.g., flywheels, water or air in pipes, heat)
VERIFY–that all sources of hazardous energy have been isolated (e.g., attempt to restart the
equipment or system as normal, using voltmeter to verify it has been de-energized)
After work is completed (4 steps)
CHECK that all tools and rags were not left in or on the machine or system, all protective guards
are in place, and all workers are clear of the equipment
VERIFY that the stop button is engaged or the control switch is in the “off/neutral” position
REMOVE all lockout/tagout equipment from energy isolating devices. Each worker is responsible
for removing his own lock and tag
RESTORE energy according to the write-up procedure outlined for each machine or system
REFRESHER TRAINING PROVIDED ANNUALLY OR SOONER IF NEEDED TO ADDRESS DEFICIENCY
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What potential sources of hazardous energy are we exposed to in our assignment?
What 7 steps must we take to properly lockout and tag equipment?
What scriptural principle can we reason on to use lockout/tagout at all times?
DC-80-E No. F2 2/21
F3 Principles of Machine Operation
NOTE: Volunteers must have a good understanding of the machines they operate and maintain. Your
listeners should appreciate the danger of allowing their minds to wander while using or servicing
machines. For this outline, we refer to machines used in fabrication and/or production found in
locations such as a printery, shop, kitchen, laundry. Smaller power tools are covered in outlines F7
to F10
GENERAL MACHINE SAFETY

Only trained and authorized persons are allowed to operate machinery
Closely follow manufacturer’s instructions for lubrication, start-up and shut-down sequence,
operating, cleaning, and maintenance
Report all maintenance issues/concerns promptly
Discontinue use until reviewed by a qualified technician if unsure
Follow Lockout/Tagout procedures at all times when doing cleaning or maintenance
NEVER reach into a moving machine
KNOW YOUR MACHINE

Follow closely the operating instructions and procedures provided by overseer/trainer
Read available equipment documentation (e.g., operating, service, maintenance manuals)
Talk to experienced operators
Ask about peculiarities and characteristics of equipment
Clearly understand the hazards
BE AWARE OF PINCH POINTS AT LOCATIONS OF HAZARDOUS MACHINE MOTION

Review types of machine motion that apply in your work area
Rotating
Reciprocating and transverse motions
Nip points
Cutting actions
Punching, shearing, or bending
Lack of understanding/experience, or carelessness or can quickly lead to injury
Example: Smooth shaft rotating slowly can snag grasp loose clothing, necktie, hair, jewelry, gloves
MACHINE GUARDS AND SAFETY SWITCHES

Purpose
Cover pinch points or areas of machine that could project material
Protects users from injury that could result from clothing or body parts from getting snagged by
moving machinery
Designed to comply with all known safety codes and regulations with your safety in mind and with
the least inconvenience possible during lubrication, maintenance, changeover, and production
Never operate machine without all guards securely in place
Do not defeat/override or disable safety switches in order to operate machine with doors/guards
open
F3 Principles of Machine Operation Page 2
Avoid incorrect attitudes and thinking
Feeling justified leaving guards off machine or reaching around guards to save time or increase
production
Why is the following thinking wrong?
“I have been doing this for years and never been injured”
“I have seen others do it, I can get away with it too”
Possible results of incorrect attitude/thinking
Increases the risk of becoming seriously hurt
Sets a bad example for others, increasing the risk they could be seriously injured
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What are some important principles to follow when operating machinery?
What would you say to someone that you see removing or bypassing guards and safety switches?
DC-80-E No. F3 2/21
F4 Using Hand Tools Safely
NOTE: Explain and briefly demonstrate the safe use of some hand tools used in your department
(this is not a training session). Your listeners must understand how to perform tasks safely with any
hand tool they use so as not to injure themselves or others.—g89 11/8 18. See also F1 “Using
Knives, Blades and Cutting Tools Safely;” F9 “Using Power Saws Safely;” and F13 “Protect Yourself
from Excessive Force Injuries”
GENERAL REMINDERS
Always use the right tool for the job
Personal injury and/or property damage can occur when tools are used improperly
Only those trained and approved should use tools on maintenance/construction projects
If you are unfamiliar with a tool, ask a qualified person to train you how to use it correctly
Do not use tools that are worn, broken, or damaged. They must be repaired first or replaced
Use personal protective equipment (PPE) consistently (safety glasses, gloves, face shield)
NOTE: Consult the Job Hazard Analysis to know if some things are prohibited (such as gloves)
Carrying and Transporting Tools
Use tool box, bucket, pouch, or appropriate protective case
Secure tools when on ladders, scaffolds, or other high places to avoid dropping them
Care and Maintenance
Store tools clean and dry, neat and organized
Regularly inspect and maintain (explain the program/arrangement for maintaining tools at your
location)
Sharpen edges or de-burr as needed
Only trained and qualified persons should sharpen tools
Keep handles or fasteners tight
Recalibrate at specified intervals
Use Correctly
Carelessness with tools is dangerous and counterproductive
Keep hands well away from striking point or cutting edge
Use extra caution when performing tasks where you cannot see your hands
Misusing tools can damage them or shorten their useful life
COMMONLY USED HAND TOOLS

As time allows, demonstrate both the right and wrong ways to use hand tools common in your work
area
Screwdrivers
Do not hold workpiece in your hand (the tool may slip resulting in a puncture wound)
Place workpiece in a vise or on a flat surface
For electrical tasks, make sure handle and blade are insulated and not cracked
Hammers
Use the correct type of hammer designed for the work
Examples: ball peen hammers (for metal-working), claw hammers (for wood working)
F4 Using Hand Tools Safely Page 2
Be sure hammer face is always larger than the head of the struck tool (e.g., chisel, punch, or
wedge)
Never strike one hammer with another hammer or a hatchet
Do not use a hammer with a loose or broken handle (De 19:5)
Chisels
Always chip or cut away from yourself (and others) when using a chisel
Never use a chisel with a loose handle or mushrooming head
Spanners/Wrenches
Whenever possible, pull toward you rather than pushing against it (to prevent injury should the
tool slip)
TIP: If you cannot pull toward you, push the tool with an open hand
When using a shifting spanner (adjustable wrench), pull so the force goes against the fixed jaw
Pulling against the movable jaw can damage the tool
Make sure the tool is always seated firmly and not cocked at an angle
Do not use a pipe or other means to extend the length of the tool to increase torque
Saws
Use slow, steady, deliberate strokes
Forcing the cut may cause the blade to buckle and snap or jump the cut, perhaps onto your
hand
When cutting hard wood, start cut by slowly drawing blade toward you
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Why is it important to always use the right tool for the job?
What should you do if a tool is worn or damaged?
DC-80-E No. F4 2/21
F5 Using Compressed Air Safely
NOTE: Even though a relatively safe energy source, dangers exist when using compressed air. Help
listeners to understand the hazards associated with compressed air and how they can use it safely
COMPRESSED AIR CAN BE HAZARDOUS IF USED IMPROPERLY

Hoses can be a trip hazard when laid across walkway or curled underfoot
People can be injured by the whipping action of the hose if the fitting fails
Never attempt to grab the hose when the hose fitting has failed while under pressure
Shut off air at source
Misuse of compressed air
Horseplay is not permitted
Never blow dust from hair or head
Never blow compressed air toward yourself or others without a safety nozzle
A safety nozzle (one with perimeter holes that reduces pressure to 210 kPa (30 psi) reduces
hazard of getting air in bloodstream
Use a vacuum or brush to dislodge dust from clothing
Wash hair and face to remove dust
Examples from safety publication of misuse of compressed air
Woodworker cleaning clothes—Air stream entered ear and permanently damaged his hearing.
Mechanic drying auto parts—Air stream entered cut in hand. Body felt like it would explode
and he could hardly walk. Reason: Air bubbles in bloodstream. Survived, but suffered for
hours.
Woodworker pushed air line between coworker’s legs—Bowel ripped in three places. Victim
died.
Compressed air should not be used for parts cleaning since it may release harmful particles and
contaminants
CARE AND MAINTENANCE

Check equipment, hose, fittings, and nozzle carefully for damage before using
Turn off air pressure or remove hose from airline when
The hours of operation end
Changing pneumatic tools
Leaving work area unattended
When using more than one length of hose, always use “crows foot” (quarter turn) fittings for hose
diameters greater than one centimeter (1/2 in.) and a “quick disconnect” for hose diameters of one
centimeter (1/2 in.) or less
When using a “crows foot” (quarter turn) fittings, all connectors must be wire-tied
This will protect others from being struck in the event of the hose separating
Completely bleed air out of line prior to disconnecting hose
This will prevent whipping action or uncontrolled release
F5 Using Compressed Air Safely Page 2
CHECK JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS (DC-83 OR DC-85) FOR PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT FOR USE WITH
COMPRESSED AIR
Goggles or face shield will prevent air or flying particles from injuring eyes
If others are in close proximity, they should be warned and/or have eye protection as well
Hearing protection will prevent damage to hearing from sound generated by compressed air actions
The maximum limit considered safe without protection is 85 decibels (dB)
Example: Pneumatic gun noise level is 101 dB
Respiratory protection is required if dust levels are high
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Why should compressed air never be used to clean hair or head?
When should equipment be disconnected from air supply?
DC-80-E No. F5 2/21
F6 Safely Using a Computer Workstation
NOTE: Computer workstations are commonly used in many shops and offices. Application of these
suggestions may eliminate long term injuries. Help listeners to understand their role in reducing the
risk of injury
POSTURE
Back—avoid slouching
When sitting, keep ears over shoulders, shoulders over hips
Arms—keep arms relaxed and loose
Hold forearms and hands parallel to desktop surface
Hands/wrists—keep hands and wrists in the neutral position
EQUIPMENT
Chair
Adjust chair for comfort
Chair height should position thighs and torso at 90 to 110 degree angle
Chair height should permit feet to rest solidly on floor or footrest as needed
Front of seat should not hit back of knee
This affects comfort and restricts blood flow
Lower back (lumbar) support prevents pain
Add a cushion if chair does not have one
Chairs with armrests should allow ones arms to hang freely
Monitor
Top one third of monitor screen should be at eye level
Center viewed with slight downward gaze (15 degrees)
Monitor distance should be arm’s length away (shoulder to fingertips)
Avoid eyestrain by periodically looking away from screen to distant object
Make conscious effort to blink; this covers eyes with lubricating tears and helps prevent
irritation
EXERCISES (have group participate as you demonstrate)

Stretching exercises
Stretch out arm in front, elbow straight, palm down, and gentle fist; with other hand, bend wrist
downward until you feel a stretch on the back of forearm. Hold briefly, then relax
Stretch out arm in front, elbow straight, palm turned up. Keeping fingers straight, pull the hand,
fingers and thumb down with other hand until you feel a stretch on the front of forearm. Hold
briefly, then relax
Reach straight up. Bend elbow, allowing forearm to drop behind head. With other hand, pull
elbow back until you feel a stretch on back of arm. Hold briefly, then relax
Put each foot on elevated location such as chair and gently push down on leg for hamstring
stretch
Hold on to chair for stability while you pull each foot up toward buttocks for quadriceps stretch
F6 Safely Using a Computer Workstation Page 2
Put hands on hips and lean back as far as comfortable for back extension
Using good judgment during off-hours
Do not overdo wrist/hand activity when cleaning, gardening, sewing, sports
Conditioning/aerobic exercises (e.g., climbing stairs, jogging, using stationary bike) helps us to
maintain a consistently higher level of performance at our assignments
For most people, suggested maintenance program is 15 to 20 minutes per day, three days per
week
If you have a health condition, ask doctor for recommended exercise schedule
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What proper posture and equipment adjustments are advised for those using a computer
workstation?
What exercises are suggested to keep our muscles limber and conditioned?
DC-80-E No. F6 2/21
F7 Using Drills Safely
NOTE: To avoid injury all should become familiar with the dangers of using hand held drills (e.g.,
cordless, right angle, rotary-hammer) or drill presses. Help your listeners to understand the value of
using the right type of drill for each job
Theme Scripture: Ezekiel 8:8
COMMON INJURIES
Puncture wounds from transporting drill without removing drill bit
Wrist injury from drill handle spinning when bit catches or “jams” in material being drilled in to
Hand injury from drilling while holding material being drilled in to
Burns from coming in contact with a hot bit
PRE-OPERATION REMINDERS
Training and certification is required before using tools such as drill press
Always wear the Personal Protective Equipment outlined in Job Hazard Analysis (DC-83 or DC-85)
Carefully determine if the area you will be drilling in or through has a potential for explosive gases,
live electrical wires, or where people may be present
Do not keep your finger on the trigger when walking with the drill
Remove or cover bit while transporting drill
Unplug drill or remove battery before changing bits
Secure workpiece prior to drilling
If possible clamp workpiece to a vise
Never hold workpiece in your hand or allow others to hold it while drilling
Be alert to other people around you
DRILLING SAFELY
Stand close to the material being drilled and do not overreach
For variable speed drills, use safest speed for job
Low speed—exact control jobs, such as starting a hole in masonry or tile, or using a screwdriver
bit
Low to moderate—boring through heat-sensitive plastic or steel
Moderate to high—boring into wood
If a drill binds in the workpiece, release the trigger immediately, unplug the drill, and remove the bit
from the workpiece
Do not attempt to free a jammed bit by starting and stopping the drill
Use only as much pressure as is needed to keep drill bit cutting at its greatest efficiency
Forcing the drill could cause the bit to snap off
Limit the use of trigger lock to highly predictable circumstances
Example: Electrician was on stepladder drilling through wooden floor joints when a bit locked into
a hardwood knot. Because trigger lock was on, drill motor rotation wrenched the drill from his
hands. To protect face he grabbed bit, lacerating his hands. He then lost balance, fell from
ladder, and broke a rib
F7 Using Drills Safely Page 2
When approaching hole breakthrough, grip or brace drill firmly, reduce pressure, and allow bit to
pass through hole easily
To avoid possible burn, do not touch metal bit immediately after drilling
DRILLING SAFELY OVERHEAD—EXTRA CARE SHOULD BE TAKEN WHEN DRILLING OVERHEAD

Safety goggles AND face shield should be worn
Gloves may be needed if drilling into metal to avoid burns from hot metal filings
When drilling in an elevated location, use a solid platform such as an aerial lift or scaffold where
possible
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What are some common drill injuries?
How can you protect yourself from harm when using a drill?
DC-80-E No. F7 2/21
F8 Using Portable Power Tools Safely
NOTE: Explain the hazards of using portable power tools and how to prevent injury. Only those who
have received training on each tool through the department are permitted to use power tools
Theme Scripture: Proverbs 14:4. As the power of bulls made work easier in ancient times, so power
tools do today. As having a bull required work to maintain it and care to control its power, so it is
with power tools
HAZARDS OF POWER AND CORDLESS TOOLS (Show examples of tools commonly used in your work
area)
Sharp bits, teeth, edges rotating at high speeds
Electrical shock
Moving parts that could entangle clothing, jewelry, or hair
High torque motors that can cause bodily damage
BEFORE AND DURING POWER TOOL USE

Ensure work area is clean, dry, well lit, and safe
Do not use a power tool where strong fumes of flammable solvent are present
Inspect all tools and equipment prior to use
Watch for overheating, excessive vibration/noise, or excess arcing
Do not use damaged tool, repair/replace (e.g., damaged or frayed cord, or missing guards, or ground
plug)
Prevent injuries from loose clothing, jewelry, or hair (See DC-82 p. 4)
When practical wear short-sleeved shirt. Tuck in shirttails or other loose clothing
Remove jewelry, such as rings, watches, and (sisters) dangling earrings, neck chains, and bracelets
Sisters should cover or tie back long hair to prevent tangling in rotating or moving parts
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) for each tool used
Always wear eye protection (See DC-82 p. 6)
Gloves are recommended (See the Job Hazard Analysis for specifics)
Wear hearing protection if you must raise your voice to be understood when working with tool
Never remove or disable guards
Do not use tool if guard is missing or damaged
Avoid unintentional start-up
Never leave tool with trigger locked down or start button in “on” position
Unplug tool or remove battery before making adjustments, changing bits, or cleaning
Ensure you have secure footing and do not overreach, particularly when working in elevated
locations
Tools can throw you off balance if you reach too far
Keep hands well clear of moving parts and sharp edges
USING EXTENSION CORDS AND TOOL CORDS SAFELY

Voltage drop can start fires and cause power tool motor burnout. To prevent
Use a nearby electrical outlet for each job if possible
F8 Using Portable Power Tools Safely Page 2
A ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) is required for any tool connected to an outlet not part of
the permanent wiring of the building
Do not use power strips for power tools
Use a heavy-duty cord adequate for the voltage requirements of the tool
Disconnect cord from power source at the first sign or symptom of voltage drop (e.g., hot cord,
straining motor)
Cords can be a trip hazard
If possible, route cord along walls or across ceiling
If you must drape a cord across a walkway, tape it down securely and place warning signs
Redirect traffic, if practical
Keep extension/tool cord in good condition
Do not use cords with exposed wiring, damaged insulation, or missing third (grounding) prongs
Do not expose to heat or oil
Do not carry tool by cord or pull plug from the outlet by the cord
Do not permit any cord to lie in water
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Name some of the hazards of portable power and cordless tools.
What precautions are needed when using power tools?
DC-80-E No. F8 2/21
F9 Using Power Saws Safely
NOTE: Portable power saws can save us much time and effort; however, they come with inherent
dangers. Complacency or a lapse in judgement can quickly result in serious injuries. Use examples
of portable saws common to your work (e.g., circular saws, reciprocating saws, band saws, concrete
cutting saws, tile saws, demolition saws) to explain the dangers of each type of saw and how to
operate them safely
BEFORE USING A POWER SAW

Only those trained and approved may use power saws. Understand the manufacturer’s operating
instructions
Ensure work area is clean and free of materials that could cause slips or falls
Inspect the saw and any cords or hoses being used
A ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) is required for electrically powered saws
Make sure all guards/handles are in place
If you will be cutting into floors, walls or ceilings ensure that no utilities will be cut or damaged
If the work will create dust, arrange with those responsible and authorized to temporarily deactivate
the smoke detectors to prevent unwanted alarms. (Inform them when the work is finished so they
can reactivate the alarms)
A Hot Work Permit is required if the work will generate any sparks that could ignite a fire
Do not carry saws with your finger on the switch
When changing blades, follow lockout/tagout procedures to ensure the saw is deenergized
Unplug or remove the battery
ATTIRE AND PERSONAL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT (See DC-82 p. 4)

Tuck in loose clothing (sisters-long hair) and remove jewelry
Wear hearing protection
Safety glasses must always be worn
Consult Job Hazard Analysis (DC-83 or DC-85) to see if face mask is also required
A particulate respirator capable of filtering at least 95 percent airborne particulates may provide
sufficient protection for most materials
Materials that can generate silica dust, or other dangerous particulates, require the use of specific
respirators (Consult Job Hazard Analysis (DC-83 or DC-85) for specifics)
For saws that create carbon monoxide, monitor the CO levels and provide adequate ventilation in
enclosed areas. If this is not possible, supplied air respirators may be necessary
USING POWER SAWS

Firm control and concentration are essential
Make sure you have proper footing and balance
When sawing in an elevated location it is safer to work off of an aerial lift or scaffolding than a
ladder
While cutting, keep one hand on the handle with the trigger switch and the other on the
stabilizing handle or knob.
F9 Using Power Saws Safely Page 2
Ensure the material being cut is properly secured. Do not attempt to hold the material in one
hand and cut with the other
Keep hands and fingers out of cutting area
Prevent kickback injuries
Do not use dull blades
Use the blade designed for the job/material
Make sure material being cut is held firmly in place to prevent movement
Bring saw to full speed before cutting material
Avoid pinching blade
Keep material well supported
Position material so as to cut in one continuous action without stopping
Do not force tool. Let the saw do the work
If restarting in mid-cut, back saw up an 3 cm to 5 cm (1” to 2”) first
Be extremely careful when cutting conduit or pipe
Verify electrical energy, explosive gases, steam, chemicals, or other hazards have been shut off
and purged prior to cutting
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What precautions should be taken before using a saw?
How can injury from kickback be avoided?
DC-80-E No. F9 2/21
F10 Using Grinders Safely
NOTE: Describe causes of grinding injuries. Demonstrate how to use grinders safely
Theme Scripture: 2 Chronicles 2:7
GRINDER INJURIES ARE COMMON POWER TOOL INJURIES ON THEOCRATIC PROJECTS. FACTORS IN
MOST GRINDING INJURIES
Use of grinder as a cutting tool (Use a more appropriate tool for cutting)
Careless handling, especially at sharp edges or corners
Operating the grinding wheel above the manufacturer’s recommended operating speed
Applying too much pressure on the grinding wheel
Improper mounting
Having the wheel too tight or too loose on arbor
Washers substituted for flanges
Flanges uneven or too small
Improper clearance or relief for flanges
Excessive tightening causing bent flanges
Foreign materials not cleaned out of wheel sides
Damaging wheel by dropping or accidentally hitting it
May cause small cracks in wheel
May result in a fragmenting or “exploding” wheel, caused when wheel rotation throws loose
pieces or entire wheel quickly disintegrates
Improper guarding
Insufficient personal protective equipment (PPE). Always check Job Hazard Analysis (DC-83 or DC-85)
for task
Suitable footwear that encloses and protects the foot
Safety glasses and full face shield for the operator
Many angle grinder injuries are from metal particles lodging in the operator's eye
Hearing protection
Gloves and respirator may be necessary
PREVENTING INJURIES WHEN USING GRINDERS

Know strengths of various types of wheels
Use proper wheel designed for material being used
Do not use accessories not specifically designed for use with grinder
Mount wheels properly and do not take shortcuts
Visually inspect wheel for defects before mounting and use “ring test” to detect unseen flaws
“Ring test”—Hold wheel from center. Use a piece of plastic or hard wood, such as the handle of a
hammer or of a screwdriver to tap the outer edge of the wheel
Wheel should ring like a crystal glass with no hollow spots. If it does not, discard it
If the disc is wet, or if it has been dropped, then discard it as a precaution since there is an
increased chance of it shattering
Never borrow wheel from another job
F10 Using Grinders Safely Page 2
Do not grind on the side of the wheel. Grinding should take place at an angle of 5-15 degrees
Make sure wheel guards are in place and properly adjusted
Bench or floor stand grinders include positioning of guards, shields, or tool post. (Tool post should
not exceed 3 millimeters [⅛ in.] from the wheel)
Do not stand in front of wheel when starting machine
Use eye protection, face shield, and other appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE)
Do not create sparks near combustible materials
Keep work area clean
Be alert to other people around you especially when performing tasks near tour routes
Provide barricades and/or warning signs
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Give examples of how improper use of grinder can lead to injuries
What potential wheel hazards should we keep in mind?
DC-80-E No. F10 2/21
F11 Using High-Pressure Equipment Hoses Safely
NOTE: Your listeners must understand the potential for serious injury when using high-pressure
equipment hoses. Types of equipment with high-pressure hoses are: pressure washers, vehicles or
machines with hydraulic lines, airless paint sprayers. Only those with specialized training should
operate this type of equipment
Theme Scripture: Ezekiel 37:6. Skin is a necessary protection given by Jehovah for life. We must
respect it
PRIMARY HAZARDS ARE RUPTURES FROM EXCESSIVE PRESSURE OR DAMAGED HOSES

May cause injection of materials into skin. Example from secular publication
Pinhole was formed in painter’s airless sprayer hose by nicking it on carpet tack strip. When
trigger was released, pressure sent paint bursting through pinhole, injecting paint into the finger.
Numerous surgeries, partial amputation of finger, and tremendous pain resulted
Eyes may be damaged by fluid spray
Hearing may be affected by loud noises from ruptured air lines
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF HIGH-PRESSURE EQUIPMENT HOSE SAFETY

Wear all appropriate personal protective equipment as outlined in Job Hazard Analysis (DC-83 or
DC-85), such as face shield, rubber aprons, boots, gloves, and hearing protection
Never point a pressurized gun or wand at, or near, anyone at any time
If possible, mechanically secure workpiece before pressure cleaning
No one should work on items being held by self or someone else
If it is necessary for an exception to be made, then the operator. or someone assisting him,
should not place any part of their body in the potential path of the high-pressure water
Anticipate kickback and movement of aim when pulling trigger
Clean up excess or spilled fluid to avoid slip hazards
SAFELY USING HIGH-PRESSURE EQUIPMENT HOSES

(Show types of hoses used or maintained by the department various uses)
Select the proper hose for the job
Is it rated for the type of material to be used?
Is it rated to withstand maximum operating pressures?
Is it rated for the temperature range needed?
Verify that all connections are secure and properly made
Suspended lines should have proper strain relief
Allow adequate hose length between fixed connections to accommodate hose length reduction
that often occurs when hose comes under pressure (4-percent length reduction is common)
Ensure all necessary washers and retainers are in place
Protect hoses from abrasion on concrete corners and doorways
Use padding as needed
Inspect hoses for damage regularly
Bending too sharply can cause kinks, which may weaken hose walls or cause corrosion
Hose can be crushed causing a flow restriction
F11 Using High-Pressure Equipment Hoses Safely Page 2
Cuts, slices (even small ones), or abrasions create potential leaks or corrosion of wire
reinforcement that may create burst points
Bulges indicate weak points that may burst under pressure
Damaged hoses should be repaired or replaced before use
Keep hoses and connections clean during and after use
Helps assure proper connection and facilitates needed inspections
Avoid exposing hoses to damaging chemicals
When disconnecting, depressurize first to avoid whipping of hose ends
STORAGE
Drain fluids from hoses before storage
Exception—some airless hoses require storage with fluid in hose
Store neatly coiled and avoid any kinks
Hoses best stored in dry, clean atmosphere at moderate temperatures
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What are some potential dangers of using high-pressure hoses?
What precautions should be taken when using high-pressure hoses?
DC-80-E No. F11 2/21
F12 Requirements of an In-House Tagout Program
NOTE: An in-house tagout program goes beyond legal requirements to protect volunteers from the
unexpected release of hazardous energy. This information considers how and when to use it, and
why it is beneficial.—See F2 “Principles of Lockout/Tagout”
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LOCKOUT/TAGOUT (LO/TO) REQUIREMENTS AND IN-HOUSE

TAGOUT?
LO/TO requires that volunteers be provided with a lock and/or tag to secure equipment in a de-
energized condition
Normally both lock and tag are used together
In-house tagout makes use of a clearly identifiable tag usually hung over a STOP button (or switch) to
alert all personnel that the machine, equipment, or item should not be started or used
When is in-house tagout used?
Any time a STOP button is engaged for the following reasons
Minor cleaning
Minor and routine adjustments when no safety guards and other safety devices have been
removed or bypassed
When a defect has been found in a tool that must be fixed before use
For example, when scaffolding has been erected but has not yet been approved for use
Consistently following in-house tagout procedures adds a higher level of safety to lockout/tagout
regulations
WHAT PROCEDURE SHOULD BE FOLLOWED WHEN USING IN-HOUSE TAGOUT FOR A MACHINE?
Carry your tag with you at all times on the job
Always engage the STOP button before hanging your personal tag over it
Never leave the tag on the STOP button while jogging or running the machine
The only time the tag should be on the STOP button is while the STOP button it is engaged
If the machine stops by itself, never trust a tripped micro-switch or photo-eye to keep it stopped
Always engage the STOP button and follow the tagout procedure
PROTECTING OTHERS
Never activate a machine if someone’s tag is on a STOP button
Never remove another person’s tag
If a STOP button is engaged and no tag has been hung over it, do not assume that the button is
engaged for no reason
The tag may have fallen off
The person may have forgotten to attach their tag
Ensure that everyone is clear and that the machine can be safely turned over before disengaging
an untagged STOP button
OTHER USES OF IN-HOUSE TAGOUT

Scaffold erectors must hang “Unsafe for Use” tag on scaffold until it passes inspection by “competent
person”
F12 Requirements of an In-House Tagout Program Page 2
When a ladder or tool has a repairable defect it must be taped, tagged “not for use” and returned to
the tool crib or service center. It must not be left on the jobsite
When a hose or cord has a repairable defect it must be neatly coiled, taped, and tagged “not for use”
and returned to the tool crib or service center. It must not be left on the jobsite
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What is the difference between the lockout/tagout program and an in-house tagout program?
What are examples of when in-house tagout would be used?
Why is it a mistake to disengage a STOP button on a machine simply because there is no tag hanging
over it?
DC-80-E No. F12 2/21
F13 Protect Yourself From Excessive Force Injuries
NOTE: Using excessive force can lead to being injured from the sudden movement of a tool or other
object, or when a body part gives way under strain. The primary cause of excessive force injury is
human error. Help your listeners to appreciate that by using alternative methods they can reduce
the risk of injury
COMMON CAUSES OF EXCESSIVE FORCE INJURIES

Overconfidence with heavy objects
Nuts or bolts freeze up, valves corrode, or equipment must be “broken” loose or moved with force
even for a distances of a few millimeters (fraction of an inch)
Tendency to use brute force
This action is often the principle reason for “knuckle-busters,” cuts, and similar injuries
Discuss typical situations in your department that could lead to excessive force injury
KNOW YOUR LIMITATIONS WITH REGARD TO FORCE AND WORK BELOW THOSE LIMITATIONS
Ask for help when you need it
TO PROTECT YOU FROM EXCESSIVE FORCE INJURIES, USE THE CORRECT TOOL FOR THE JOB AND
USE THE TOOL CORRECTLY
Note the following examples
To reach an awkwardly positioned bolt, use an offset spanner rather than trying to use a standard
spanner
To break loose “frozen” fasteners, use
A penetrating lubricant prior
An electric or air impact tool if possible
A closed spanner (box wrench)
It encircles the fastener and provides a more secure grip
If it is not correct size the spanner may slip
To avoid sudden slips, pull on a spanner rather than pushing against it
When extra force is needed, use a striking spanner with a built-in striking surface
When an extension is needed for a socket spanner, use a flex handle (“breaker bar”)
Do not use screwdrivers as chisels
Do not use needle-nosed pliers as “priers”
Do not use vise jaws as anvils
Never use pipe extensions as “cheater bars” on spanners, pliers, or vise handles
An abused tool can break apart suddenly or slip
Better to substitute mechanical force for manual force
Use proper size and type of equipment made for such tasks
ADDITIONAL SUGGESTIONS
When faced with a “frozen” fastener or workpiece that is resistant to desired movement, discuss
problem with more experienced tradesmen
In such situations, there is usually a “trick of the trade” or a safe procedure for loosening the item
F13 Protect Yourself From Excessive Force Injuries Page 2
It may involve an unusual tool combination that is superior to the one you know
May include expanding by heating, tapping to break binding seals
If leverage must be increased, find a safe way to do so
Stuck items seem to challenge people to do the job by themselves—do not make that mistake
Only use attachments specifically designed for the tool
Never hold an item in one hand while forcefully working on it with the other
Mechanically secure workpiece because injury could result if tool slips
When cutting masonry or concrete use short, controlled blows
Do not try to kick a workpiece or tool to “break” a seal because you may injure your foot or fall
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What is an excessive force injury? Give examples that could occur in our department
What are some alternatives to using brute force to dislodge or “break” a frozen part?
DC-80-E No. F13 2/21
F14 Using Powder and Gas Actuated Tools
NOTE: Powder and gas actuated tools are very useful in today’s maintenance and construction fields.
However, improper use of these tools can cause serious injury or death. Help workers have respect
for the dangers associated with these tools and follow all manufacturer instructions for safe use.—
See also Working Together Safely (DC-82), Part B, p. 9
Theme Scripture: Deuteronomy 19:4, 5
USERS OF POWDER ACTUATED TOOLS MAY REQUIRE A GOVERNMENT ISSUED LICENSE, IN

ADDITION TO BEING APPROVED BY OVERSIGHT
SELECT THE CORRECT TOOL FOR THE WORK (powder actuated, gas actuated, or other fastening
method)
What is the base material?
Base material must be able to withstand the sudden force of the shot
Cast iron, tile block, façade brick, drywall, plaster are not suitable for most powder actuated
tools
Overhead-the base material must be able to support the weight and vibration of what will be
fastened to it
Test the suitability of material by hammering the fastener into the material
If the point of the fastener is flattened = Base material is too hard
If the fastener penetrates the material easily or completely = Base material is too soft
If the base material cracks or shatters = Base material is too brittle
If the fastener makes a small indentation = Base material is suitable for use
What is the material that will be fastened to the base material?
SELECT APPROPRIATE FASTENER AND POWER LOAD

Fastener selection varies depending on material thickness, desired depth of penetration, and base
material
Consult manufacturer’s instructions for selecting appropriate fasteners
Power loads come in a variety of power levels (Applies to powder actuated only)
NOTE: Gas actuated tools run on same gas cylinder regardless of fastener
Consult manufacturer’s instructions for selecting appropriate power loads for specific circumstances
NOTE: Only use fasteners and loads or gas cartridges approved by the manufacturer for their tools
SAFE USE OF THE POWDER OR GAS ACTUATED TOOL

Pre-shot checks
Ensure that the job site has been appropriately setup with signage and that is has been
communicated to others that powder or gas actuated tools are being used on-site
No one should be on the other side of the base material unless approved and noted on the Job
Hazard Analysis
Wear all required PPE as outlined in the Job Hazard Analysis and safety contact
Overhead fastening will require a face shield
Verify that tool is not loaded
F14 Using Powder and Gas Actuated Tools Page 2
Confirm that tool is in good operable condition. This would include inspecting all parts of the tool,
including any safety features
Safety features require two separate actions to fire
Sufficient pressure to depress safety mechanism
Pull trigger
Safety when shooting
Never point tool at any part of your body or at anyone else
Load the tool just prior to firing and do not leave tool loaded if unattended
Keep finger off the trigger until ready to shoot
Be sure that tool is at a right angle to the work surface to reduce the risk of ricochet
Follow manufacturer’s instruction on fastener depth, distances from edges and between fasteners
Only drive fasteners through existing holes if the fastener is designed for and approved for such
use by the manufacturer and an approved alignment guide is used
Never use tool around flammable materials or in a flammable environment
Call out loudly “Shot!” a few seconds before firing to alert others in the vicinity
In the event of a misfire, hold the tool in the operating position for at least 15 seconds and keep
the muzzle depressed against the work surface during removal of load
Post shot checks
The tool should be unloaded and locked once task is complete or when the tool will be left
unattended
Never store the tool loaded!
Tool should be cleaned before storing
Never leave cartridges strips with unspent loads lying around (They can explode if run over or
crushed)
Place faulty unspent loads in a can of water until the load is saturated
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What factors determine which fastening tool to select for the job?
What are some important safety points to follow before, during, and after use?
DC-80-E No. F14 2/21
F15 Using Heavy Equipment Safely
NOTE: Heavy equipment is designed with great power for lifting, moving, or transporting material. If
not used safely operators can cause serious injury or property damage. Equipment must be
operated by trained, certified personnel and done so in a safe manner at all times
Theme Scripture: Exodus 24:2. There circumstances where only qualified individuals should
approach the work
OPERATOR BEARS PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE SAFETY OF OTHERS AND OBJECTS AROUND
EQUIPMENT—ONLY AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL MAY OPERATE HEAVY EQUIPMENT
When backing up beware of the “crunch zone”
Use automatic signaling device to warn others when backing up. If vehicle has no warning device,
someone must be designated as spotter for movement
Automatic signaling device is not a substitute for driver’s responsibility when backing up
Moving forward safely
Position any attachments or load as low as possible for maximum visibility
Be aware of forward blind spots, especially front right
Collisions are more likely to occur when operator is performing more than one operation at a time
Operator can become confused, distracted, or excited
To prevent collisions, know your equipment and carefully plan and coordinate job
It takes time and practice to become a proficient operator—do not rush
Ensure your equipment has stable base
To minimize rollover hazard, avoid driving or placing equipment on steep grades or angles
SAFETY POLICIES FOR SPECIFIC EQUIPMENT

Power shovels and cranes
Operator is responsible to check condition of hold-down bolts, brakes, clamps, hooks, and similar
vital parts
Keep wire ropes, hooks, clamps, and pulleys lubricated
Crane operators should test clutches
Clutch linings may swell, especially during wet weather, causing drag and pulling boom
backwards
Inspect condition of materials to be lifted
Check for cracks and loose eyes/anchors
Erect barricades to prevent personnel from being caught between frames, tracks, or in swing area
of cabs, booms and counterweights
Failure to do so can cause serious injuries
Do not overload and test load before attempting lift
Do not release load too quickly
Graders, bulldozers, dump trucks
Operator must perform a thorough inspection of the brakes, controls, engine, motors, chassis,
blades, drives, hydraulic mechanism, lights, fluid leaks, and other key areas prior to use
Follow direction of ground personnel, looking for possible hazards, such as power lines, soft
ground, excavations
F15 Using Heavy Equipment Safely Page 2
Sticky material can cling in dump boxes causing the truck or trailer to become unstable
May need to use additional equipment to loosen material from box
Do not shake load by pulling truck forward or backward and hitting the brakes
This may cause the hydraulics to fail
RESPONSIBILITIES OF THOSE WORKING AROUND HEAVY EQUIPMENT

Everyone should maintain safe distance when heavy equipment is operating
Operators have more blind spots than with a standard vehicle, due to size, height, and
obstructions
Mirrors do not always provide full view even of immediate surroundings
Size and weight of equipment create inertia factor—needs more space to come to a stop
Follow direction of spotters and driver
Prior to approaching equipment that is working or backing up, be sure that the operator sees you
and gives you permission to approach
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What precautions should heavy equipment operators always take?
What responsibility do volunteers and pedestrians have for their own safety?
DC-80-E No. F15 2/21
F16 Trench and Excavation Safety
NOTE: Trenching and excavating are among the higher risk tasks we perform. Emphasize the
importance of planning well, identifying the hazards, and installing any protective systems
correctly.—See also Safety in Trenching and Excavation (A-132); Working Together Safely (DC-82),
pages 12-13
Theme Scripture: Exodus 21:33, 34
PLANNING
A competent person is appointed to oversee the excavation (See A-132 pars. 34-37)
Prepare the work plan, Job Hazard Analysis (DC-83 or DC-85), and diagram the trench and the
protective system for excavations more than 0.9 meters (3 ft.) deep
Potential hazards include cave-in or collapse, atmospheric hazards, underground and overhead
utilities, surface encumbrances, water accumulation, vehicular/pedestrian traffic, and falls
Make sure work does not begin until any underground utilities are clearly marked
Contact local utilities and/or authorities as required
Follow any local ‘call before you dig’ procedures
Identify the soil type (stable rock, type A, type B, or type C soils)
Inspect trenches and excavations using the Trenches and Excavation Safety Checklist (A-133)
Before any worker enters it
At the beginning of each workday
When weather, soil, or work conditions change
Perform atmospheric testing if the trench is deeper than 0.9 meters (3 ft.) and an oxygen deficient
or other atmospheric hazard could reasonably be expected to be present
Arrange for a spotter(s) if excavating near underground utilities, overhead powerlines, or if
otherwise needed to prevent unauthorized personnel from approaching
Ensure that those who will operate excavation equipment or work in the trench are trained
Review the Job Hazard Analysis with the crew prior to the start of work
Excavations that are 6.1 meters (20 ft.) in depth or greater must have a registered professional
engineer approve the protective system being used
PROTECTING THOSE INSIDE THE TRENCH

A protective system is required for trenches 0.9 meters (3 ft.) or more in depth, or that have the
potential for cave in
The type of protective system (sloping, benching, shoring, or shielding) depends on the soil type
and site conditions
Workers cannot be in the trench while protective systems are being installed or moved
Keep tools, materials, equipment, and dirt spoils at least 0.6 meters (2 ft.) from the edge of the
trench
Trenches 1.2 meters (4 ft.) or more in depth require a safe means of access and egress
If ladders are used, they must extend at least 0.9 meters (3 ft.) above the trench and be placed
within 7.6 meters (25 ft.) of workers
All workers are required to wear PPE including hard hats, eye protection and a hi-visibility safety vest,
whether inside or outside of the trench
No one should ever work in a trench alone
F16 Trench and Excavation Safety Page 2
PROTECTING THOSE OUTSIDE THE TRENCH
All workers must stay outside of the swing radius of both the bucket of heavy equipment and its
counterweight
Workers can be struck by excavation equipment, or caught between a fixed object and moving
equipment
If a worker must enter the swing radius, he should make visual contact with the operator and wait
until the operator grants permission to enter
If there is potential fall hazard into an excavation, a risk assessment is required
Fall hazards of 1.8 meters (6 ft.) or more require fall protection
Trenches left unattended or open overnight should be properly fenced, barricaded, and protected to
prevent people and vehicles from entering
Use substantial/heavy barricades when working near vehicular traffic
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What steps does the competent person take to prepare for excavations and work in trenches?
How can those working in and around trenches protect themselves and others from injury?
DC-80-E No. F16 2/21
F17 Safety Practices for Demolition Procedures
NOTE: Demolition is one of the more dangerous tasks that we perform. Stress the need for good
planning and communication to all workers. Only highly qualified individuals should be used in the
planning of projects that include major demolition. Highlight any local direction that may exist
concerning this subject.—See Working Together Safely (DC-82), page 13; Safe Demolition Practices
(A-141); Identifying Demolition Hazards (A-142)
GENERALLY HEAVY DEMOLITION IS DONE BY HIRED PROFESSIONALS, HOWEVER LIGHT

DEMOLITION CAN BE DONE WITH VOLUNTEERS
GOOD PLANNING IS THE KEY TO A SAFE PROJECT

Prepare the Job Hazard Analysis (JHA)
Briefly review key points from the A-142
The JHA should be completed by all crews that will have a part in the job
The hazard control methods should be thoroughly outlined for each significant hazard
Demolition activities that produce potentially hazardous dust should be clearly addressed on the
JHA
The JHA should be posted on-site and reviewed with everyone that will work on the project
before they start work
The JHA should contain any requirements for safe demolition as outlined by an engineer
A thorough survey of the area should be conducted
The survey should include but may not be limited to the following
Determination of the structural integrity of materials
Identify and disconnect any energized systems (e.g., electrical, gas, water, HVAC)
Identify and determine how to resolve any areas that may contain contaminants (e.g.,
vermiculite, silica). If demolition involves asbestos, lead, or mold, specific qualifications are
required
Determine the sequence of demolition
Identify all elements to be demolished and mark with spray paint
Use a standard color code system for you branch territory, for example
Use ORANGE spray paint for all items that will be demolished
Use signage and YELLOW or BLACK spray paint for items not to be demolished
Establish a Restricted Access Zone
The restricted access zone is vital to safety by keeping unauthorized persons at a safe distance and
limiting the number of workers to only the minimum required while the demolition is underway
A variety of methods can be used depending on the scope, size, and hazards involved in the
demolition
Examples
“Caution” or “Do Not Enter” tape along with signs to communicate the hazards
Physical barricades, such as fencing or hard barriers, along with signage to restrict access to
all unauthorized personnel
Containment areas can be constructed to control hazardous dust and/or chemicals when
present
F17 Safety Practices for Demolition Procedures Page 2
In addition, at times roadways, sidewalks, tunnels, and corridors may need to be closed
while work is being performed
DEMOLITION PROCEDURE
Before demolition begins
Review with all personnel the JHA and the demolition survey outlining the sequence of work
Ensure that all safety measures are in place. Since unsafe conditions can appear suddenly this will
require diligence on the part of all personnel to address issues quickly
Ensure that all energized systems (e.g., electrical, plumbing) have been completely de-energized,
locked out, or otherwise physically separated to eliminate the potential for accidental discharge
of energy
Terminate systems a safe distance away from where the work will be performed
Remove any hazardous materials and items that could cause injury (e.g., glass, damaged roofing,
contaminated material, explosive or flammable elements)
Install any required structural bracing or shoring as per engineer’s requirements
Remove debris regularly from the job site to prevent accidents and to avoid overloading of structural
members
ADDITIONAL REMINDERS
Supervision should be provided during demolition based on the number of persons working and the
risk level of the tasks being carried out
Lockout coordinator can be used to assist in establishing a safe environment when working with
highly complicated systems. However, all lockout procedures must still be followed by each worker
per local requirements
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What steps are necessary before demolition can begin?
What should be done when starting a demolition project?
DC-80-E No. F17 2/21
G1 Working Safely Around Hot Objects
NOTE: Your listeners should know how to avoid being burned by equipment or materials they use.
Help them to know what action they need to take in case of a burn or fire.—See G3 “How to
Prevent Fires”
THERE ARE MANY SOURCES OF HEAT/FLAME IN OUR WORK

Home
Laundry equipment
Steam irons—keep hands clear of live steam
Presses—do not bypass safeguards or safety switches
Ovens/stoves
Other electric or gas appliance/equipment
Kettles/water boilers/coffee machines
Construction/Maintenance
Soldering equipment
Welders
Blades, drills and other cutting elements after use
Propane and other gas torches
Engines/machinery
Heat Guns
Epoxy/Resin—thermodynamic reaction of chemicals generates heat
Other sources related to preparing and heating coffee, hot water, food
PRINCIPLES TO REMEMBER
Fire prevention
Home
Never leave hot stoves/irons unattended
Turn handles of cooking pots away from edge of stove to prevent accidental spill
Do not place objects on top of stove that are not intended for cooking
Do not cover burners with decorative objects
Do not store objects—including bakeware—inside ovens
Office/Work
Do not use tools/equipment unless trained to do so
Use PPE (such as gloves, welding garb) as indicated in related Job Hazard Analysis (DC-83 or
DC-85)
Think ahead—prepare for possibility of fire when doing hot work
Fill out Hot Work Permits when needed
Locate the nearest exit before starting work
Have fire extinguisher available
As time allows, mention appropriate points found in
Working Together Safely (DC-82), pages 5-6, “Fire Safety”
G1 Working Safely Around Hot Objects Page 2
Fire Safety (A-121)
HOW TO TREAT A BURN

If severe, call emergency number to quickly get medical assistance
Immediate treatment can reduce pain and improve recovery time
Do not touch the burnt area
Leave any clothing stuck to the burn in place—unless it is contaminated with chemicals
Leave any blisters intact
Hold the burn under cold running water for 15 minutes, repeat as needed until the pain subsides.
As you do this, remove any jewelry, or any other constrictive clothing
“The injured hand or lower extremity can be immersed in ice water for 15 minutes, removed,
and then the process repeated until the pain completely disappears when out of the ice
water. This usually occurs within a period of about three hours. Larger areas of the body can
be treated with ice packs. It should be kept in mind that too much cold applied to large areas
of the body can bring the body temperature down too much, causing shock.” (g88 4/8 28;
g86 5/22 28)
Cover with a sterile dressing or kitchen film
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What hot objects are worked with in the department?
What precautions are necessary when working with these?
What is the emergency telephone number?
What should be done if someone is burned?
DC-80-E No. G1 2/21
G2 Working Safely With Batteries
NOTE: Help listeners to understand the hazards of working with batteries. All should understand the
precautions that need to be taken.—See H3 “Vehicle Maintenance Safety”
Theme Scripture: Isaiah 40:29. Jehovah gave us wisdom to take advantage of many types of power
to do our work
POTENTIAL HAZARDS OF AUTOMOTIVE BATTERIES

Contain strong corrosives that can damage eyesight and burn skin
If used improperly, can cause an explosion
Risk of explosive gas
Keep batteries away from sparks and open flames
Perform work only in well-ventilated area
Avoid making unintentional connection (ground) to anything
Hydrogen gas is generated inside lead/acid batteries as a by-product
Can be ignited by a spark when present in the air even in low concentrations
Check batteries for damage (e.g., cracks, swelling, corroded terminals)
Do regular inspections and maintenance, especially in hot weather
Sulfur odor could indicate a crack/leak
Inside the battery burning gas expands, pressure builds, and this can cause an explosion
If battery has a small crack and gas is ignited outside, flame can travel inside the battery
WORKING SAFELY WITH AUTOMOTIVE BATTERIES

Personal precautions
Do not add acid or tap water to batteries. (If level is low, add only distilled or deionized water)
Another person should be nearby when servicing batteries
Goggles, face shield, gloves, and apron must be worn when servicing batteries
Remove all jewelry
Batteries can short circuit causing arcing to metal
Metal rings can receive arc causing severe burns
If battery fluid comes in contact with your eyes, have other person lead you to water or eye wash
Wash eyes for at least 15 minutes and seek medical help
If battery acid contacts skin, immediately wash with soap and copious amounts of water
Before removing vent caps, discharge possible static buildup on your body, filler container, or
cloth wiper
Touch items to be discharged to a metal part of the machine away from the battery
Afterward, remove all vent caps to allow gas to dissipate
Always disconnect battery ground before working on automobile electrical system
Keep battery post and top clean to prevent arcing
Do not attempt to use a battery on a power tool for which it is not intended
Power truck battery recharging
Charger must be turned off when connecting and disconnecting battery
Never turn on charger if it is not connected to the battery
G2 Working Safely With Batteries Page 2
Do not drop anything on battery
Strictly follow charging connection sequence and procedures
If charger has a fan, be sure it comes on when bypass switch is activated
When replacing a battery
Disconnect negative cable first and reconnect negative last
Avoid battery contact with clothing—acid can eat holes in cloth
Dispose of old battery properly
Some are classified as a hazardous waste
Never burn or incinerate batteries
Do not store with any flammable liquids or gases
Do not delay in properly disposing of old batteries
Lithium-ion Tool Batteries
Do not overcharge
Do not expose to extreme temperatures—below 0°C (32°F); above 130°C (265°F)
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What dangers are associated with batteries?
How could a spark cause a battery to explode?
What safety rules should be followed when charging a power truck?
DC-80-E No. G2 2/21
G3 Your Role in Fire Prevention
NOTE: Help listeners to understand their role in fire prevention. Good housekeeping is key to fire
prevention. Review why it is important to properly handle and store any combustible, explosive,
flammable, or incompatible material.—See Fire Safety (A-121)
Theme: Proverbs 26:20
RISK OF FIRE INCREASED BY

Attitude—carelessness or indifference
Thinking that a fire could never happen to me
Not following established safety protocol
Poor or incorrect habits/practices
Poor housekeeping—cluttered, untidy work area
Combustible materials, such as cloth, wood, or paper, stored or used near sources of ignition
Electrical outlets or extension cords overloaded
Oily or solvent-soaked rags placed in regular trash containers
FIRE PREVENTION AT HOME

Cultivating good habits/practices at home will carry over to other areas of life
Do not place lit candles, incandescent or halogen light fixtures near curtains, or other flammable
materials
Do not leave lit candles, irons, cooking appliances, or space heaters unattended until heat
dissipates
Do not to overheat cooking oils
Do not store combustible items in oven, or near stovetop burners. Do not cover burners with
decorative covers
Do not overload extension cords, receptacle plugs, or power strips
Provide adequate ventilation for electronic equipment, such as computers, stereos, televisions
FIRE PREVENTION AT WORK

Conduct fire safety audits on a regular basis to identify and correct unsafe conditions
Keep work areas tidy by practicing good housekeeping
Keep flammable materials away from any open flame, sparks, or heaters
Promptly clean up chemical or solvent spills
Properly dispose of waste from spills, and cloths used in the clean-up process, in approved
containers
Proper storage practices
Containers of flammable and combustible liquids must be properly labeled and be closed when
not in use
Discard empty or partial containers promptly if not needed
Place oil or chemical-soaked rags inside approved metal containers with lids designated and
labeled for this purpose only
Strong acids or corrosives must be stored away from other chemical products to prevent reaction
in the event of a container leak
G3 Your Role in Fire Prevention Page 2
Flammable compressed gases must be stored 8 meters (25 ft.) away from open flames
Cylinders must be properly secured to a permanent object or on a cart
Immediately report all significant flammable liquid spills and/or leaks, including gas leaks, by
telephoning the local emergency number
Minimize hot work
Whenever practical, replace on-site hot work with other methods
Replace blow torch soldering of copper with electric soldering or crimped fittings
Have materials requiring hot work pre-manufactured off-site in hot work area
If hot work cannot be avoided, obtain Hot Work Permit and use a fire guard (See G9 “Hot Work
Operation”)
A fire guard is someone that has been trained to watch/protect the person and area around
where the work is being performed. He is ready to extinguish any fire that may result for up to
60 minutes after work has been completed
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What are some attitudes and practices that increase the risk of fires?
What are some ways you can prevent fires at work and in our rooms?
DC-80-E No. G3 2/21
FIRE GUARD REPORT
Instructions:
Before hot work operations begin, the Fire Guard(s) will:
1. Review the Job Hazard Analysis (DC-83 or DC-85) and Hot Work Permit.
2. Confirm that any potential sources of ignition in and around the work area (e.g., tools, equipment,
materials), and combustible materials, have been removed or insulated.
3. Confirm that the responsible department has properly deactivated fire and smoke alarm devices.
4. Implement any necessary measures and precautions to protect life and property.
5. Arrange to have fire extinguishing devices in close proximity while torching is in progress, and
throughout the inspection period.
6. Will not perform any other tasks, but remain alert and guard against fire from sparks or
transmission of heat and ignition of combustible material.
7. Will remain on hand 30 minutes after the hot operations have stopped, and return 60 minutes later
to inspect the area.
Additional:
1. A fire guard is required for each torch operator.
2. Each fire guard must fill out a Fire Guard Report.
3. If necessary, additional fire guards may be required on the floor below or at the base of a shaft.
I. GENERAL INFORMATION
Date of work: Location of hot work operation:

Emergency Telephone Number:
(Fill in the information below when hot work will involve use of oxygen/acetylene torch.)
Torch/Welder operator:
Certification number: (Additional)
Fire Guard: Fire Guard:
Certification number: Certification number:
II. HOT WORK OPERATION / INSPECTIONS

Fire Guards shall remain at hot work area for first half-hour following completion of hot work.
Yes No Job Hazard Analysis reviewed?

Yes No Hot Work Permit reviewed?
Hot work operation start time: AM PM End time: AM PM
Initial inspection 30 minutes after
Initials: Time: AM PM
completion of hot work operation:
Final inspection 60 minutes after
Initials: Time: AM PM
completion of hot work operation:
Were fire extinguishers used? Yes No Sent for servicing? Yes No
Fire Guard signature: Date:

 This form must be filled out and posted at the work site for the time period stated above.
 After the final inspection, the fire guard will complete and forward this form to the overseer of the work.
Fire Guard Report 2/21

G4 Confined Space Safety
NOTE: Help listeners identify the potential dangers associated with confined spaces and the need to
obey the procedures required by local law and branch policy. In the absence of any local
requirements, the principles outlined below must still be followed.—See Confined Space (A-131)
Theme Scripture: Jeremiah 38:6, 10-13
CONFINED SPACES ARE DIVIDED BY GENERALLY INTO 2 CATEGORIES

Non-permit required confined space
A space large enough for a person to enter and perform assigned work
A space that has a limited or restricted means of entry or exit
A space that is not designed for continuous human occupancy
Permit-required confined space: Has the three characteristics above AND one or more of the
following
Has a hazardous atmosphere or the potential of such
Has a material with the potential to engulf a person who enters the space (e.g., food grains)
An internal configuration that might cause an entrant to be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly
converging walls or by a floor that slopes downward and tapers to a small cross section, such as
a hopper
Any other recognized serious safety or health hazard
Most confined spaces are permit-required and have been labeled as such
No one is permitted to enter or work in a confined space until
They have been properly trained
The established confined space procedure for that space has been consulted and followed
A rescue/retrieval plan has been prepared (A-131 pars. 43-50)
An attendant is present to observe and assist
PERMIT-REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE

Personnel must obtain a Confined Space Entry Permit from an entry supervisor
If no individual is so designated, consult the Maintenance Department overseer, the construction
overseer, or LDC
The entry permit is used to document authorization to enter a specific permit-required confined
space and specifies the conditions under which that authorization remains valid
Permit-required confined spaces must be clearly identified with a label near the point of entry
The label should read “DANGER—CONFINED SPACE—ENTER BY PERMIT ONLY”
THE MOST COMMON HAZARDS IN PERMIT-REQUIRED CONFINED SPACES ARE ATMOSPHERIC

Often atmospheric hazards cannot be seen and are odorless
Flammable gases, vapor, or mist in excess of 10 percent of its lower explosive limit (LEL)
Airborne combustibles, dust at a concentration that obscures vision at a distance of 1.5 m (5 ft.) or
less
An atmospheric oxygen concentration below 19.5 percent or above 23.5 percent—common in
manholes where oxygen is depleted over a period of time
An atmospheric concentration of any substance for which a permissible exposure limit (PEL) is
exceeded
G4 Confined Space Safety Page 2
Any atmospheric condition recognized as immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH)
WHAT TO DO IF SOMEONE IS HURT OR PASSES OUT IN A CONFINED SPACE (ACTS 19:36)

DO NOT ENTER A CONFINED SPACE TO ATTEMPT A RESCUE!
More people die attempting to rescue the victim than those involved in confined space accidents
Example 1: A father and son were working in their septic tank when they were overcome by a
hazardous atmosphere. A second son called the fire department for help and then entered
the tank. All three were found dead when the fire department arrived
Example 2: In one year 55 incidents were investigated that involved 88 deaths. 35 of the dead
were the workers. The other 53 were would-be rescuers
Call the emergency telephone number for help
Tell them, “This is a confined space emergency”
Convey the exact location of the confined space
Provide additional details if needed
Without entering the confined space, try to supply fresh air to the individual
If you are trained and it is safe to do so, use the retrieval/rescue equipment to attempt a rescue
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What are confined spaces and what are some atmospheric hazards that can be found in them?
What specific confined spaces might you encounter in your assignment?
Why must we never enter a confined space to attempt a rescue on our own?
DC-80-E No. G4 2/21
G5 Safe Handling of Compressed Gases
NOTE: Exercise great caution when using gas cylinders. All listeners must understand the hazards that
exist and the need for following the procedures for safe handling and use. This includes gas
cartridges as used in nail guns and gas canisters for blow torches
Theme Scripture: Isaiah 24:19. The violence of compressed gas may seem to have this impact and is
as dangerous
DANGERS
Cylinder valve can snap off, releasing 15 MPa (2,200 psi) of power through an opening the size of
pencil
Cylinders can rupture or explode
Exploding cylinder fragments have reportedly been propelled into the air as high as twenty stories
Hoses in poor condition or with fittings may allow a fire to enter the cylinder
GAS CYLINDERS MUST BE STORED PROPERLY

Store cylinders in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area that is designated for compressed gas storage
Cylinders should not be subject to temperature extremes or stored near an elevator, stairway, or
within 8 meters (25 ft.) of an open flame or ignition source
Store incompatible gases separately such as flammable gases and oxidants
They must be stored a minimum of 7 meters (20 ft.) apart, or separated by a noncombustible
barrier of at least 1.5 meters (5 ft.) high with a fire rating of 30 minutes
Take cylinders out of service before they are completely empty and tag as such
Store empty cylinders separately from full ones
Labels or other cylinder content identification should not be altered or removed
Store cylinders in an upright position and secure properly
Always secure cylinders by a chain or other suitable means to protect from falling
Keep valve-protection caps firmly in place when cylinders are not in use
Keep cylinders and storage area clean, free of oil or grease
HANDLING AND TRANSPORT OF CYLINDER

Always transport cylinders in upright position
Use a hand truck or cart designed for that purpose
Prior to handling a cylinder, verify that there is no sign of leakage
Never transport a gas cylinder, even when empty, without its valve-protection cap firmly in place
An empty cylinder is never out of gas so always treat it as containing some residual gas
Do not drag, roll, or slide cylinders, and do not lift them by the cap or valve
Do not allow cylinders to collide with each other or with any surface
Always transport them chained to a rack or other fixed object
Prior to transporting a cylinder, verify it has all government required transport labels fixed to the
body or shoulder and that it has any required hazardous material documentation
INSTALLING REGULATOR PRESSURE GAUGES

Regulator pressure gauges should be installed or replaced by qualified personnel only
G5 Safe Handling of Compressed Gases Page 2
Ensure that the materials and range of the pressure regulator are compatible with the intended gas
service before installation
Never install a regulator on a cylinder valve containing oxygen or another oxidant if grease or oil is
present
Combustible substances can explode when in contact with an oxidant (e.g., hypochlorites, bleach,
ozone, hydrogen peroxide)
Before attaching regulator, open the cylinder valve slowly to blow out dirt
If not done, dirt can be driven into the regulator, possibly damaging it
Tighten the valve’s regulator nuts with the proper hand wrenches and without forcing the
connection
Test for leaks using soapy water
OPERATION PRECAUTIONS
Safety glasses or other appropriate eye protection should always be worn when operating regulators
Point the cylinder valve away from you and others
Open cylinder valve slowly when applying pressure to the regulator
Close the cylinder valves when not in use
Install protection caps on empty cylinders and store properly
After use, close the cylinder and disconnect the hose and torch
Dispose of gas cartridges in safe manner and do not puncture
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What safety principles apply to storage of compressed gases?
What factors contribute to the safe handling, transporting, and operating of gas cylinders?
DC-80-E No. G5 2/21
G6 Using Portable Fire Extinguishers
NOTE: Help your listeners identify various types of fire extinguishers and understand how to properly
use them. Display extinguisher of each type available in your work area.—See also g01 1/22 24-27;
A-120 chap. 4 par. 11; A-121 par. 15
Theme Scripture: James 3:5. As with the tongue, knowing the devastating effect fire can have makes
us want to be ready to stop it
FIRES ARE CLASSIFIED BY TYPE OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL (FUEL SOURCE)

Classifications and symbols vary from region to region
Review table on page 2
TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

Extinguishers are marked to indicate what types of fire they can be used on
Identified by symbols, letters, or color-coded handles, canisters
Review table on page 2
Caution: Some portable fire extinguishers weigh up to 15 kilograms (30 lbs.)
Be sure to have a firm grip on the extinguisher prior to removing it from the wall bracket or
cabinet
USING PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

Know locations and types of extinguishers in your work area
Use correct extinguisher type—not necessarily the closest
Make sure extinguisher is fully charged—check gauge for pressure
How to operate a fire extinguisher. (Demonstrate how without actually discharging)
Remember the P-A-S-S method
Pull the pin
Aim at the base of the fire, while standing 2 to 2.5 meters (6 to 8 ft.) away
Squeeze the handle
Sweep from side to side until extinguisher is exhausted
SAFETY REMINDERS
Do not attempt to use a fire extinguisher to fight a large fire
Immediately activate the building fire alarm system by pulling the nearest pull station and
telephone the emergency number
Get help; warn others; and make sure your evacuation route is clear
Most fire extinguishers discharge completely in less than a minute
A small fire can grow out of control within just minutes
Evacuate the area/building immediately
When using a fire extinguisher, do not position yourself where the fire is between you and the exit or
exit route
IF AN EXTINGUISHER IS DISCHARGED, DO NOT RETURN IT TO ITS CABINET OR WALL BRACKET

Notify responsible department to replace or recharge extinguishers immediately after each use
G6 Using Portable Fire Extinguishers Page 2
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What types of extinguishers are in our work area?
Where are the extinguishers located in our work area?
How do you properly use an extinguisher?
DC-80-E No. G6 2/21
Fire Classifications
COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL EUROPE

AUSTRALIAN UNITED STATES
(FUEL SOURCE) (EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 2)
Combustible materials
Class A Class A Class A
(wood, paper, fabric, refuse)
Flammable liquids Class B Class B Class B
Flammable gases Class C Class C Class B
Flammable metals Class D Class D Class D
Electrical fire Class E not classified (formerly Class E) Class C
Cooking oils and fats Class F Class F Class K
Fire Extinguisher Types
EXTINGUISHER COMBUSTIBLE DISCHARGE

CAPACITY RANGE SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS
TYPE MATERIAL DURATION
A Class A 10 L 10-13 m Never use on electrical or
50 sec.
(water) Cloth, paper, wood (2.5 gal.) (30-40 ft.) flammable liquid fires
ABC 1-10 kg 1-4 m Suitable for use on live electrical
Multi- purpose 8-30 sec.
(dry chemical) (2.5-20 lbs.) (4-12 ft.) equipment
AC Electronic 10 L 3-4 m
80 sec.
(water mist) equipment (2.5 gal.) (10-12 ft.)
BC Energized electrical 1-10 kg 1-3 m Operating pressure
8-30 sec.
(carbon dioxide) equipment (2.5-20 lbs.) (3-8 ft.) 5.5-6.2 MPa (800-900 psi)
D
Combustible 15 kg 1.5-5 m
(dry powder, 10-25 sec.
burning metals (30 lbs.) (5-15 ft.)
sodium chloride)
K Cooking oils & 6L 3-4 m
110 sec.
(wet chemical) equipment (1.5 gal.) (10-12 ft.)
The extinguisher has also passed
the EN3 test for use on live
P50 6L 4m electrical equipment up to
Class A, B, E fires 40 sec.
(foam) (1.5 gal.) (13 ft.) 1000 V at a distance of 1 meter.
The operational temperature
range is from +5 °C to +60 °C.
P50 6L 5m Suitable for use on live electrical
Class A, B, C, E 20-22 sec.
(powder) (1.5 gal.) (16 ft.) equipment
P50 F Class Class K, F 6L
n/a 35 sec. Kitchen grease/oil fires
(wet chemical) Cooking oils, fats (1.5 gal.)
G7 Preventing False Fire Alarms
NOTE: Help your listeners understand that false alarms are usually the result of human error.
Personnel must evacuate their floor or building whenever the alarm sounds. False alarms can
desensitize people to ignore the warnings, with tragic consequences in an actual emergency
Theme Scripture: Jeremiah 23:32. Like a false prophet does not benefit his people, false alarms can
reduce a sense of urgency
WHAT CAUSES BUILDING FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM DEVICES TO ACTIVATE?

Smoke detectors—photoelectric and ionization
When smoke or other particles enter the detector, it either reflects a light beam as in the case of a
photoelectric detector, or reduces the flow of electric current in the case of the ionization
detector, thus activating the alarm
Heat detectors—fixed temperature and rate of rise
Some heat detectors function on the principal of expansion
Examples: Two different metals, gases, or liquids in a tube
Others function on the principle of melting a wire or solder link
Pull Stations
Activated manually (more commonly known as break glass or call points)
Some require pulling down or pressing a button on a handle while others may require an
additional step such as removing a cover first then pulling on a handle or pressing a button
Water flow devices
These are activated when water begins flowing through sprinkler or fire hose piping
Flame detector devices
Infrared scanners measure temperature increases caused by sparks or flames
COMMON CAUSES OF FALSE FIRE ALARMS

Dust particles from general cleaning, vacuuming, wall washing, filter changes
Steam from cleaning rugs, hoses, leaking pipes, or radiators
Maintenance or construction activities involving
System commissioning, device testing
Drilling, grinding, sanding, sawing, spray painting, soldering, torching
PREVENTING FALSE ALARMS

Before beginning work
Observe your surroundings and look for fire/smoke alarm devices
Check for nearby vents that could carry dust or smoke to fire alarm devices mounted in ventilation
equipment
Before proceeding with assigned tasks, contact your overseer if it appears the fire alarm system
will be affected
Let him know how many devices need disabling and the duration so he can obtain approval to
have devices or zones temporarily disabled
NOTE: Only those responsible for operating and maintaining the fire alarm system should
deactivate the system or zone, or cover or remove the detection devices
G7 Preventing False Fire Alarms Page 2
Prior to disabling devices or zones, a service interruption notice should be sent to the affected
departments
When the tasks or workday is completed, the appropriate brothers must be contacted to
reactivate the system or zone, or uncover or reinstall the detection devices
At home
Keep smoke detectors clean by regular vacuuming
If a minor amount of smoke sets off the smoke detector
Remove the source of heat from what is being cooked
Clear the smoke detector (See G8 “Responding to Smoke and Fire Alarms or Fires”)
Call the lobby to report the situation
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What causes building fire detection and alarm devices to activate?
How can you prevent false alarms at your work assignment or home?
DC-80-E No. G7 2/21
G8 Responding to Smoke and Fire Alarms or Fires
NOTE: Explain what to do when a smoke detector or fire alarm initiates. Review how fires are
detected and what telephone number to call to report a fire. Emphasize the importance of knowing
where fire extinguishers and building exits are located.—g79 6/8 11-14
Theme Scripture: Hebrews 11:7. As Noah responded properly to the warning, so must we
SMOKE DETECTORS PROVIDE EARLY WARNING

Do not disconnect or remove batteries in smoke detectors
If your smoke detector goes off while cooking, use a towel to fan or clear the air around it
There are no silence buttons
Do not open the entrance door to your room to air it out
This may allow smoke to enter the hallway and activate other smoke detectors connected to the
building fire alarm system
Open a window or turn on an exhaust fan to remove the smoke from the room
Report the situation to the lobby
RESPONDING TO A BUILDING FIRE ALARM

Treat all fire alarms as real and respond with urgency
Remain calm
If the building has a public address system as part of the fire alarm system, listen carefully for
announcements
Follow the local Fire Safety Plan evacuation procedure (where applicable)
RESPONDING TO A FIRE
Keep your personal safety and that of others in mind at all times (See G6 “Using Portable Fire
Extinguishers”)
Only attempt to extinguish a fire that is small or in the beginning stage
Use the correct extinguisher type for the class of fire and type of combustible material (See G6 p. 3,
tables)
If a fire becomes larger, or the extinguisher is depleted, do not hesitate to activate the building
fire alarm by pulling one of the manual stations located near the stairwells or exits of the site
Reported fires immediately—even if they have been extinguished—by telephoning the emergency
number
Give your name, location, and type of fire
Do not begin clean-up until instructed by oversight so that the cause of the fire can be investigated
BUILDING EVACUATIONS
Practice walking from your work area and resident room to the nearest building exit
Count the number of doorframes you pass until you reach the stairwell or building exit
Take note of any posted emergency notices or signage
Before entering a hallway or stairwell check or verify
Look for smoke coming in from under the door
Touch or feel the door or door knob with the back of your hand to make sure it is not hot
If the door is hot to the touch or smoke is coming from under the door, find another exit
G8 Responding to Smoke and Fire Alarms or Fires Page 2
Smoke rises: stay low to the floor and cover your nose and mouth with a damp towel prior to exiting
Close doors behind you
Do not prop open stairwell doors as this could contribute to spread of smoke and fire
Do not use elevators when evacuating a building
Assist any with special needs to evacuate the area or floor
If your clothes catch on fire
Stop—do not run
Drop—on the ground, cover your face with your hands
Roll—around until the fire goes out
Once you have evacuated
Immediately proceed to the established building evacuation location. (Where is it?)
Report to the building fire warden or responsible overseer so he knows you have exited the
building
The assigned fire warden keeps a list or register each day of all persons on-site for the purpose
of accounting for them in an evacuation
Do not enter the building until you are given direction that it is safe to return
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What should you do if a smoke detector goes off?
What should you do if a small fire happens in your room or at work?
What should you remember if you have to evacuate a building?
DC-80-E No. G8 2/21
G9 Hot Work Operations
NOTE: Help listeners understand that whenever using tools or equipment that generates heat,
sparks, or molten metal, practical wisdom means planning ahead to prevent fires, and being
prepared in the event one is accidentally started. A Job Hazard Analysis (DC-83 or DC-85), Hot Work
Permit, and Fire Guard are all required, as they help to guide us through the job planning process.
Explain the role of a fire guard.—See also G3 “How to Prevent Fires;” G5 “Safe Handling of
Compressed Gases”
Theme Scripture: 1 Kings 18:32-35
HOT WORK PERMIT (Demonstrate how to fill it out)

Purpose
To think through the task BEFORE hot work commences
To identify potential fire hazards in advance
To have protective measures in place before work begins to prevent fires from starting
To have fire extinguishing equipment on hand, in case a fires does start accidentally
Required when any project or maintenance operation involves tasks that could create ignition source
Includes but not limited to grinding, plasma cutting, brazing, open-flame soldering, oxygen-torch
cutting, welding, and use of metal cutting saws outside of a designated shop
For large projects, original permit is kept at the site and posted
Permit is valid until completion of the assigned task
Preparing the permit
General information to be filled out by crew or shop overseer
Date issued
Description of task to be performed
Evaluation of work area
Type of safety equipment required
Instructions for reporting a fire
PROTECTING THE HOT WORK AREA

Precautions within 10 meters (35 ft.) of the hot work area
This includes floors above and below the work area
Combustible and flammable materials removed (e.g., flammable liquids, dust, lint), or covered if
removal not possible
Combustible floors swept and covered with fire-retardant covers
Wall and floor openings covered with fire-retardant covers
If available, use a heat/burn mat in the immediate work area
FIRE GUARD
A fire guard is required whenever hot work operations are done outside of an area designated for
such work
A Fire Guard Report must be completed, and sent to the safety contact
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) AS OUTLINED IN JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS

Ensure workers and bystanders are protected at all times
G9 Hot Work Operations Page 2
Barricades and/or welding screen may be needed to protect others
The one performing the work must have on flame-retardant or flame-resistant clothing that
provides adequate protection of entire body and prevents hot embers or slag from entering
cuffs, open pockets, folds of the garment
Clothing and PPE should be periodically checked for wear or damage
Items no longer providing adequate protection must be repaired or discarded
REVIEW QUESTIONS
How does the Hot Work Permit help us protect life and property?
What precautionary measures are taken to prepare the area for hot work?
DC-80-E No. G9 2/21
HOT WORK PERMIT (Fire Guard Required)
INSTRUCTIONS: This permit must be prepared for any work done outside a designated hot work area that involves
tools or equipment that generate heat, sparks, or molten material. This work includes but is not limited to grinding,
plasma cutting, brazing, open-flame soldering, oxygen torch cutting, welding, and metal-cutting saws. Alternatives to
hot work are preferred. If not applicable or available, then discuss how the work will be done and fill out this form.
When the work is completed, please send this form to the overseer of the work.
Telephone to report a FIRE or MEDICAL emergency.

I. GENERAL INFORMATION
Name of person(s) performing work: Location:
(e.g., licensed torch operator, welder)
Description of work:
Effective Date: Time: AM PM Expiration Date: Time: AM PM
II. WORK AREA EVALUATION

 The Work Area is a minimum radius of 10 meters (35 ft.) from where work will occur, including the floors above and
below, if applicable.
 Prior to each work period, check that equipment is safe and no hazards exist in the Hot Work Area.
Yes N/A Are there any flammable liquids or combustible materials that should be removed, or protected?
Yes N/A Has the Hot Work Area been swept clean?
Yes No Are there any combustibles or flammables located on the opposite side of partitions, walls, ceilings, or
floors, or otherwise hidden from view that need to be moved or protected?
Yes N/A Have tanks or containers been purged of combustibles or flammables?
Yes No Are flammable fumes present from work done previously (e.g., paint, cleaning solvents)?
Yes N/A Are water-filled metal containers on hand for disposal of hot material such as welding wire and electrodes?
Yes No Is there a continuous and unobstructed path to ensure safe exit from the Hot Work Area?
Yes No Is there wiring, conduits, insulation, finishes, glass, mirrors, or furniture that should be protected?
Yes No Are there any openings in the walls or floors which must be blocked or shielded?
Yes No Is the hot work in a permit-required confined space?
(If yes, a written Job Hazard Analysis is needed and Confined Space procedures followed.)
Yes N/A Has the fire or smoke alarm system been deactivated? Who is responsible to reactivate it?
Name: Contact #:
III. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
List Type and Quantity of fire extinguishers on hand: 00 WATER 10 L (2.5 gal.) 00 ABC 10 kg. (20 lb.)
(Minimum 1 Water, and/or ABC – List any additional)
Indicate location of fire hose if needed:
Yes No Fire-retardant covers? Yes No Welding screens?
Yes No Fire guards? How many: (Fire guard report is required for each fire guard.)
Yes No Temporary ventilation? Type of fans needed:
Yes No Protective clothing? Give type needed:
Other:
This original permit must be kept at the work site. For larger projects it must be posted.
Authorization: (Work Overseer) Contact Number:
Hot Work Permit 2/21

G10 Electrical Safety
NOTE: Only qualified personnel who have received extensive electrical instruction and have served
under the direction of an experienced electrician are permitted to perform electrical tasks. Always
follow lockout/tagout procedures. Before beginning work, a qualified person should deactivate,
lock out, and verify electrical circuits are de-energized. Working on or around hot or live circuits is
not permitted unless specifically approved by department overseer
Theme Scripture: Ecclesiastes 7:18. We have both physical and spiritual reasons to heed warnings
about electrical dangers
MONITOR THE CONDITION OF YOUR POWER TOOLS AND OTHER EQUIPMENT

Do not use damaged tools. Have them repaired or replaced
A ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) is required for any tool connected to an outlet not part of
the permanent wiring of the building (e.g., extension cord)
Do not carry tool by the cord or use cord to unplug from the outlet
Keep cord away from sharp edges, water, and harsh chemicals
Inspect electrical cords and plugs for fraying, damage, or missing ground pin (third prong)
Immediately remove damaged equipment from service and label problem clearly for repair
Follow lockout/tagout procedures before servicing equipment
REVIEW EACH WORK AREA FOR POSSIBLE SHOCK DANGER FROM NEARBY WIRES
Check as-built drawings and schematics for possibility of hidden wiring behind walls or underground
Always look up! Are there any electrical power lines?
Make sure they are deactivated, if possible
Maintain sufficient clearance. (Higher voltages require greater clearance distances)
Use caution so that nothing used in the work will come in contact the wires (e.g., ladders,
scaffolding, boom lift, materials)
Example: OSHA Accident: An employee and coworkers were erecting a scaffold in front of a
commercial building. The scaffold was erected four tiers high, near an energized, uninsulated
power line (13.2 kV). The minimum required clearance distance of 3 meters (10 ft.) was not
maintained. As the construction of the scaffold was almost complete an employee
inadvertently contacted the power line with a 2.1-meter (7-ft.) long piece of metal
scaffolding. The employee was electrocuted as a result [and was killed]
Keep skin dry (non-conductive) and ensure hands are dry whenever inserting a plug into an outlet
Do not stand in water when using power tools or other electrical equipment
Do not enter a flooded area until a qualified electrician has verified that all electrical sources have
been de-energized and locked out
Only use fire extinguishers rated for electrical fires
SAFETY PROCEDURES FOR ELECTRICIANS

(NOTE: This section is for use with qualified electricians)
When servicing electrical panels and other high voltage
Be sure PPE required by Job Hazard Analysis (DC-83 or DC-85) is on hand and in good shape
All PPE should be approved by the International Standards Organization (ISO) or equivalent
Rubber mats to isolate worker from ground or electrically exposed parts
G10 Electrical Safety Page 2
Rubber blankets to drape over equipment to protect from grounded metal parts
Rated rubber gloves
Test gloves before each work period by blowing into them like a balloon, and discard any
that leak because electricity can seek ground through a pinhole
Protective sleeves—used as a supplement to gloves when reaching into equipment
ISO high-voltage rated (or equivalent) hard hat needed when working near conductors or
panels that could expose one’s head to potential shock or burns
Rope or block off work area before working on open panels at distances indicated by short-circuit
calculations
Follow lockout/tagout procedures and de-energize circuit
If de-energizing circuit is not possible, seek direction from department overseer
Never leave live parts exposed and unattended. If you must leave restricted area before
completing the job, use solid, non-conductive, temporary covers labeled “Danger—Electrical
Hazard!”
REVIEW QUESTIONS
How can electrical shocks be prevented?
What dangers exist when working near electrical power lines?
When is work on live electrical circuits permitted?
DC-80-E No. G10 2/21
H1 Safety During Non-Working Hours
NOTE: Help listeners see that safety is needed at all times, not just when at work. Unsafe acts can
jeopardize our lives or our privileges of service. (Only use material that applies in your area.)—g01
2/22 8-10
Theme Scripture: Romans 2:21a
HOME
Stoves and Ovens
Keep cooking implement handles turned away from edge of stove to avoid spills/burns
Know where nearest fire extinguisher is located
Do not attempt to extinguish a grease fire with water
Ensure stove is “off” when not in use, before leaving room, and before going to bed
Do not store flammable objects in, on top of, or next to stove. Do not cover burners with
decoration
Knives (See F1 “Using Knives, Blades and Cutting Tools Safely”)
Use cutting board and sharp knives
Hold food down with knuckles to avoid slicing fingertips
Store unused knives in a secure location
Irons—unplug when not in use
Electrical appliances
Keep cords in good condition
Do not run electrical cords under rugs or over heaters
Exercise care when getting in and out of a tub or shower as surface or floor may be wet, creating a
slip hazard
RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES AND EXERCISE

Sports (See H5 “Sports and Recreation Safety”)
Walking or jogging
When and where
If possible, do not go alone, at night, or early morning when it is still dark
Avoid isolated or overcrowded areas
Be alert to your surroundings and avoid distractions
Beware of trip hazards
Wearing headphones or talking on a cell phone can divert our attention
Could lead to being injured or robbed
Do not stop for strangers
Swimming
Do not swim alone
Do not dive in shallow water or water of unknown depth as this can result in serious injury
If caught in a current, swim diagonally toward the shore, not head-on against the current
Watch out for objects in beach sand that can cut you such as broken glass and shells
Keep track of time exposed to sun (See also C10 “Hot Weather Safety”)
H1 Safety During Non-Working Hours Page 2
Use sunscreen with sun protection factor (SPF) 15 or greater to avoid sunburn
Reapply as often as directed
Camping and Picnicking
Keep campfires small and manageable
Ensure campfire is fully extinguished prior to leaving campsite
Food and Water (See also Food Safety [A-124])
Basic rule—keep cold foods cold, hot foods hot, and keep them away from each other
“Cold” means below 4 °C (40 °F) and “Hot” means above 60 °C (140 °F)
Temperatures in-between can cause fast bacteria reproduction and food spoilage
Avoid transferring germs from raw meats, or other foods, with hands or cooking implements
Wash hands thoroughly or use disposable sterilized cloths after touching raw meat
Thoroughly clean cutting surface with anti-bacterial soap after preparing meat
Prepare only enough food as is needed for the meal unless immediate cold storage available
If in doubt—throw it out; do not eat questionable food
Use only water from a clean tap, bottled water, or purified water
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What common safety hazards are present in the home, or during recreational activities?
What can be done to minimize the risk of injury during the activities we have discussed?
DC-80-E No. H1 2/21
H2 Using Public Transportation Safely
NOTE: There is a real need to be alert to dangerous situations when traveling by bus or metro train
(subway), especially in urban environments. Help your listeners see the value of taking precautions
to avoid potentially dangerous situations.—g 5/13 6-9; g90 4/22 10-11
AVOID BECOMING A CRIME VICTIM

When possible, do not travel alone
There is often safety in numbers
Independent or shy persons should learn to travel with others
Elders should not hesitate to counsel those who use poor judgment in this regard
Recommended precautions
Use exact change if possible when purchasing travel passes
Otherwise, potential muggers might notice where or how much money you carry
Do not needlessly display money, jewelry or electronic devices
When waiting for bus or metro train (subway), always wait with other passengers
Do not stand at end of empty transportation platform
Wait near an attended booth if possible
When riding at night, sit near the driver or conductor
Use attended building entrances whenever possible, even if it means extra walking
Remain alert to what is going on around you when taking public transportation
Do not sleep if you are travelling alone
Avoid being overly engrossed in a book, periodical, or electronic device
Sisters should keep a firm grip on their handbag, but never wrap the strap or handle around their
hand or wrist
This could cause one to be pulled down in a mugging attempt
If confronted by an assailant, do not endanger your life over material possessions
Stay calm (Pr 15:1)
Give up your possessions, not your life
Report the matter to the police immediately
WHEN AT A METRO TRAIN (SUBWAY) STATION

Use handrail on stairs and escalators
Do not stand near edge of platforms
You could fall, be pushed onto the tracks, or struck by a train
In event of a fire or other emergency
Do not panic
Follow instructions of authorized personnel or the police
If possible, carry a small flashlight
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What precautions should we take when using public transportation?
H2 Using Public Transportation Safely Page 2
If confronted by an assailant, what should you do?
DC-80-E No. H2 2/21
H3 Vehicle Maintenance Safety
NOTE: Stress the importance of keeping vehicles in good running condition. Help your listeners
understand how to safely work on vehicles.—g04 1/8 18
Theme Scripture: Exodus 21:28-30
KEEP VEHICLE IN GOOD RUNNING CONDITION,

Regularly check belts, fluids (e.g., battery, brake, radiator, motor oil, transmission), instrument panel,
gauges, lights, tire wear and pressure
Service or tune-up vehicle according to manufacturer’s recommendation or prior to a long road trip
WHILE WORKING ON A VEHICLE

Wear eye protection (safety glasses, goggles)
Particles may get in eye when working under a vehicle or dashboard
Most liquids, such as those mentioned above, can irritate or damage the eyes
Never take off radiator cap when engine is hot—allow time to cool
Wear goggles and/or face shield when working near hot or hazardous liquids
Wear gloves
Hand injuries can occur in tight places when exerting great force and your hand or the tool slips
Think ahead—What if tool slips? Where will my hand go?
When possible, pull wrench toward you instead of pushing it away from you
If not possible, push wrench with an open palm to prevent injury to knuckles
Do not use excessive force when using tool
Use proper tool for the job and have a variety of tools on hand
Prevent poisoning from toxic fumes or gases, such as carbon monoxide, lead, and other particulate
solvents
Ensure work area has sufficient ventilation
Only run engine when absolutely necessary in a shop, garage, or other enclosed environment
Always use exhaust tubes (hose) to vent exhaust gases outside and away from occupied spaces
Avoid injuries from hot or moving parts, including drive shaft, fan belts, mufflers (exhaust),
manifolds, radiator
Allow sufficient time for parts to cool prior to working on them, and wear suitable personal
protective equipment (e.g., gloves, long sleeves)
Allow moving parts to come to a complete stop prior to working on or near them
Remove ignition key to prevent unintentional startup and disconnect battery
CAUTION: many vehicles have electrically powered cooling fans. These can start without
warning, even when the engine is not running
Avoid potential injuries when using car jacks, jack stands, or lifts by knowing your vehicle’s center of
gravity
If removing heavy part, anticipate center of gravity shift and use additional stand or support
If vehicle begins to fall, get out of the way and do not attempt to save its position
Never get under or work on an improperly elevated vehicle
Examples: Car jack or jack stand on unstable ground or sloped surface, vehicle wheels not chocked.
Jump-starting a dead battery
H3 Vehicle Maintenance Safety Page 2
Ensure both vehicles are off and parking brake engaged before connecting cables
CAUTION: Never allow the cable ends to touch each other (creates a short circuit, possible
shock/explosion hazard)
Attach jumper cables in the following sequence
Positive (red) to positive terminal on dead battery
Positive (red) to positive terminal of live battery
Negative (black) to negative terminal of live battery
Negative (black) to unpainted engine block or car frame of disabled vehicle
Run assisting vehicle at higher RPM’s for several minutes before attempting to start dead vehicle
Remove cables in reverse order, beginning with negative clamp attached to disabled vehicle
PREPARE FOR BREAKDOWNS

Pull over to a safe, level, well-lit area, away from traffic if possible
Suggested items to have in a vehicle at all times
Blanket, warm clothes Fire extinguisher Ice scraper Cellphone charger
Duct tape First-aid kit Jumper cables Spare fuses
Extra belts Flares, or reflectors Basic tool kit Spare tire and jack
Extra can of oil Flashlight and batteries Tow rope Water container
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
Why is it important to keep our vehicles in good running condition?
What hazards exist when changing a tire, jump-starting a dead battery, working on radiators, moving
parts, or an elevated vehicle?
DC-80-E No. H3 2/21
H4 Safe Use of All-Terrain Vehicles
NOTE: Emphasize the inherent risk involved in operating an all-terrain vehicle and the precautions
and PPE required to address these risks. Make clear that training and certification needed prior to
operation
Theme Scripture: 2 Samuel 18:9. Inattentive riding can cause harm, even death
MOTORCYCLES
Principles and rules of safe operation
No one should operate a motorcycle without training
Do not carry passengers on a motorcycle that is designed for only 1 person
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) use
Wear proper protective equipment and clothing (an approved motorcycle helmet, eye protection,
and preferably closed shoes, gloves, and full body covering)
Passengers must also wear protective equipment and clothing
Inspect your vehicle before each use. Consult owner’s manual when needed
Watch for potential hazards
Do not operate a motorcycle after consuming alcohol or if impaired from medication
Be aware of fatigue
Riding a motorcycle is more tiring than driving a car and can affect control ability
Dress appropriately for the conditions (wind, cold, rain, and heat)
Limit your distance and riding time until you know your limits
Correct posture will help you to easily operate the controls and react more quickly
Proper riding posture: Head and eyes up, shoulders relaxed, hands on handlebars, feet on the
footrests
ALL-TERRAIN VEHICLES, UTILITY VEHICLES, SMALL TRACTORS, AND RIDING MOWERS

(outdoor riding equipment commonly used by Security, Maintenance, and Grounds Maintenance)
Although smaller and slower than an automobile, there are hazards associated with their use
Principles and rules of safe operation
No one should be permitted to operate a utility vehicle without training
Do not carry passengers on a utility vehicle that is designed for only 1 person
Passengers are not allowed to ride in cargo area or hang from vehicle, but must ride in seats
and wear seat belt if equipped
Inspect your vehicle before each use. Consult the owner’s manual when needed
Do not exceed the vehicles load/carrying capacity
Keep feet and hands inside the vehicle in motion
Obey all traffic rules and use turn signals and/or hand signals
Yield to pedestrians
Exit only after coming to a complete stop and setting the parking brake
Check for potential hazards
Do not operate after consuming alcohol or if impaired from medication
H4 Safe Use of All-Terrain Vehicles Page 2
ROLL-OVERS
Serious injury or death can result if the vehicle rolls over or tips over on an inclined slope
Use extra caution when traversing sloped areas
Drive straight up or down inclined areas and avoid turning, especially on steep inclines
Riding parallel to the slope increases the risk of roll-over
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What PPE is required when operating or riding a motorcycle, ATV, or utility vehicle?
How can roll-overs be prevented?
DC-80-E No. H4 2/21
H5 Sports and Recreation Safety
NOTE: Emphasize hazards involved with sports and recreational activities. Help your listeners
understand that sports-related injuries could affect one’s ability to continue in special full-time
service. Cover only items common to your site.—This outline should not be interpreted as approval
of any activity described
Theme Scripture: 1 Timothy 4:8
COMMON TEAM SPORTS, SUCH AS BASKETBALL, SOFTBALL, FOOTBALL (SOCCER), VOLLEYBALL

Pre-game considerations
Stretch and warm up before starting; stretch and cool down afterward
Use good equipment such as sports footwear with good grip/tread, cleats, shin guards
Potential for injury increases if the game is overcrowded
Make sure the field/court is in good condition prior to playing (e.g., level, dry)
Skill and attitude
Play within your limits and skill/experience level
Define a competitive spirit and how to avoid it (w05 2/15 29; g84 8/8 11-12)
Approaches game with overly serious attitude or win at all costs spirit
Aggressive play, argumentative, “trash talking” (insults, bragging)
Takes unnecessary chances, spirit of rivalry, ‘win-at-all-costs’ attitude
What is the correct attitude?
Maintain humility, modesty, and consider others superior to you. (Php 2:3,4)
Maintain and promote a friendly spirit (“It’s just a game”)
Be a good example and if necessary, help readjust anyone with a competitive spirit
Take your leave if atmosphere does not improve
Handball, racquetball, paddleball, hockey reminders
Sports involving balls and sticks present higher risk of injury
Goggles or sports glasses are required with handball and racquetball; suggested with hockey
For ice hockey, use helmets and pads (knee, elbow) to prevent injuries
SPEED ACTIVITIES—COVER POINTS APPROPRIATE TO AUDIENCE/SEASON

Skiing/snowboarding precautions
Keep equipment in good condition and bindings correctly adjusted
Conditions: Avoid slopes beyond your skill level. Obey all trail signs and rules
Be courteous to others. Do not pass others at excessive speeds or ski too closely to them
Roller, in-line, and ice skating considerations
Ensure that skates fit well and have adequate ankle support. Frame strong and rigid. Wheels turn
smoothly
Wear headgear, body pads, elbow and kneepads, and gloves
Leave plenty of room between yourself and others while passing. When the way becomes
congested, slow down or walk. Keep alert to terrain and road surface conditions. Slow down on
hills
Cycling: Road or Off-Road (additional info at https://www.nhtsa.gov/road-safety/bicycle-safety)
H5 Sports and Recreation Safety Page 2
Keep your bicycle in good condition, especially the brakes
Ride with the flow of traffic and respect traffic signals, lane markings, and rules of road
Concentrate: Do not wear headphones while riding. Stay alert for hazards and obstacles
Turning: Look behind, use hand signals, and then look again. Make eye contact with drivers
Stay visible: Wear reflective clothing if available. Always use lights at night
Do not ride alone in remote or isolated locations
Mountain biking: modestly know your own ability level and the capability of your bicycle
WATER SPORTS (g88 5/22 15-18; See also H1 “Safety During Non-Working Hours”)
Wear life vest (flotation device) when boating, canoeing, or kayaking
WEIGHT LIFTING
Always perform warm-up stretches
Do not lift more weight than you are capable of lifting—increase weight gradually
Never lift alone and always use a spotter
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Why do we avoid a competitive spirit, and how can you promote a friendly spirit?
What precautions can help us avoid injury when participating in sports or recreational activities?
DC-80-E No. H5 2/21
H6 Driving Safely
NOTE: Careless drivers and heavy traffic increase hazards when driving. Help your listeners to
understand they can reduce the risk of becoming involved in a collision by driving safely.—See
A-123; DC-82 p. 9
Theme Scripture: Deuteronomy 19:10
GENERAL REMINDERS (g 7/11 10-11)

Keep vehicle in good working order and follow manufacture’s guidelines for vehicle maintenance
Although local laws may vary, the driver and all passengers should always wear their safety (seat)
belts (A-123 par. 19 pt. 1; DC-82 p. 9)
Check local laws regarding child safety as these may vary according to age, size, or weight and
require they travel in the back seat and/or in child seats
Regularly and frequently, scan ahead, behind, and beside you. Check your “blind spots”
Drive defensively (g 7/09 11-13)
Anticipate/predict what other drivers might do and prepare accordingly
Follow all posted traffic signs and stay within the speed limits
Reduce speed in hazardous conditions (e.g., construction, poor weather—fog, snow, ice, rain)
Allow enough time to get where you need to go safely. Do not attempt to make up lost time by
speeding
Concentrate on your driving and remain alert to your surroundings in all driving conditions
Cellphone use while driving is not allowed, even if the local laws do not prohibit it (A-123 par. 19
pt. 12)
Do not drive after consuming alcohol or if drowsy (g02 8/22 12-14)
PREVENTING REAR END COLLISIONS

How to avoid hitting another vehicle
Do not follow too closely and look beyond the vehicle in front of you for possible hazards
Follow the “four-second” rule
Begin counting seconds when the vehicle in front passes a fixed object (e.g., sign, tree,
building)
If your vehicle reaches it in less than four seconds, slow down
NOTE: Although some sources cite as little as 2 seconds distance, the recommendation is 4
seconds, conditions permitting. Increase the distance (as much as 8 to 12 seconds) in poor
weather, limited visibility, and when towing
Avoid traveling in groups of vehicles
How to avoid being hit by another vehicle
Keep track of traffic behind you and if a vehicle is following too closely, move out of the way
On multi-lane roads, stay in the travel lane(s) except to pass
Leave “cushion” space in front of your vehicle in case the vehicle behind you cannot stop in time
PREVENTING VEHICLE COLLISIONS AT INTERSECTIONS

When approaching intersection, note traffic signals, pedestrians, and vehicle flow
Stop far enough behind the vehicle in front of you to have enough space to maneuver around it if
necessary
H6 Driving Safely Page 2
TIP: If you cannot see where the rear tires of the vehicle in front touch the road, you may be too
close
Turn reminders
Keep wheels pointed straight ahead until ready to turn left to avoid being pushed into on-coming
traffic
Give right-of-way to oncoming traffic
Only pull into an intersection when the desired lane is clear or moving
Do not cause gridlock by blocking the junction
Be alert to pedestrians
They may cross in front of you suddenly and unexpectedly
Be especially watchful at night because poor lighting and dark clothing may make them hard to
see
Allow pedestrians to cross whether or not they have legal right-of-way
PARKING AND TIGHT MANEUVERING—KNOW THE CAPABILITIES OF THE VEHICLE YOU ARE
DRIVING
Do not assume that all vehicles maneuver alike
Know the vehicle’s width, length, and turning capabilities
Whenever possible, avoid tight-maneuvering situations or ask someone to spot for you
Back in to parking spaces whenever possible to make it easier to pull out
When parallel (in-line) parking, determine if there is enough room for the vehicle to safely pull in
before entering the space
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What precautions may help you avoid a rear-end collision?
What safe practices should we use in tight maneuvering situations and at intersections?
DC-80-E No. H6 2/21
H7 Develop Good Driving Habits
NOTE: Good driving habits help us make wise driving decisions and react correctly and quickly to
sudden hazards. It takes effort to develop and maintain good driving habits. Select only a few points
to develop in the time allowed
Theme Scripture: Proverbs 9:9, 10
OUR GOOD DRIVING STARTS BY DEVELOPING SELF-CONTROL AND A BIBLE-TRAINED CONSCIENCE

Developing any good habits takes self-control (g16.04 3-6; 2Pe 1:5, 6)
Habits must be cultivated since we are not born with them (g16.04 4)
It takes great effort to develop a good habit and minimal effort to develop a bad one
Once we know the right thing to do, a trained conscience helps us to do it
Manifesting good habits requires determination and effort
Examples: When we come to an intersection, do we show patience or drive in front of oncoming
vehicles? Do we courteously stop and let someone ahead of us when in a long line of slow moving
vehicles?
ATTENTION TO DETAIL IN OUR DRIVING SHOWS THAT WE ARE ‘WALKING ORDERLY’ AS CHRISTIANS
(Php 3:16)
When we first learned to drive we paid attention to the details, even small ones
Testing and adjusting equipment prior to driving (checking tires and brakes, adjusting seat and
mirrors.)
Turning wheels toward the curb when parked facing downhill, away from curb when parked facing
uphill
Coming to a complete stop at stop signs
QUESTION: What other good driving habits have you developed?
Collisions can happen when neglecting small details
GOOD DRIVING HABITS HONOR OUR GOD AND NEIGHBORS

We manifest them by
Not exceeding the speed limits
Wearing seat belts at all times
Remaining calm and not reacting negatively to the bad actions of other drivers (Pr 20:22; Ec 7:8, 9)
Being courteous to other drivers (Mt 7:12)
Signaling at least five seconds before coming to and turning in an intersection
Knowing the meaning of each posted road sign and responding accordingly
Being alert to changing road or weather conditions and adjusting accordingly
Never using a cellular telephone while in control of a vehicle
DRIVING SAFELY IS A SCRIPTURAL RESPONSIBILITY THAT CAN AFFECT OUR LIVES AND THAT OF
OTHERS
Road laws are legal requirements. If broken it shows a lack of appreciation for God’s arrangement
(Ro 13:1, 2)
Who takes note of our driving?
Passengers, those whom we share the road with, neighbors, and even angels (1Co 4:9)
H7 Develop Good Driving Habits Page 2
What are the benefits of maintaining good driving habits?
Brings glory to God (1Pe 2:12)
Shows respect for the sanctity of human life (De 19:11-13)
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Why are self-control and a Bible-trained conscience essential if a Christian is to develop good driving
habits?
Why does our giving attention to detail prove that we are ‘walking orderly’ in our Christian course?
In what ways do our good driving habits honor our God and our neighbors?
DC-80-E No. H7 2/21
J1 Work Site Housekeeping and Storage
NOTE: Overseers must take the lead and provide a good example for others to follow. Give specific
examples of how this information applies to work sites or work areas where you are assigned.—See
Working Together Safely (DC-82), page 5; w06 8/1 10 ¶1
Theme Scripture: 1 Corinthians 14:33, 40
GOOD HOUSEKEEPING IS A SCRIPTURAL REQUIREMENT

Benefits of good housekeeping include
Glorifies Jehovah
Reduces potential for injuries from slip and trip hazards
Improves productivity and reduces expenses
Overseers set the example (i.e., “orderly”—1Ti 3:2)
"Clean as you go" throughout the workday
At the end of each work period, your assigned area should be neat, clean, and organized
Keep the work area clean and free of clutter throughout the day by removing trash/debris as soon
as possible
Keep floors free of slip, trip and hazards, caused by trash/debris, tools, cords, hoses, oil or spills
Dust may contain unknown hazards. Sweep in a manner that limits it becoming airborne
Do not allow chemical products to spill into storm or sewer drains where they could damage the
environment
Store supplies, material, and waste in designated areas and receptacles
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS WHEN STORING ITEMS

(highlight those that apply to your work area)
Carefully stack stored items so that they are stable and will not fall and injure someone
Do not leave empty pallets or skids standing upright or leaning against a wall. Lay them flat
Empty pallets or skids should not be stacked more than 2 meters (6 ft.) high
Frequently used items should be stored between knee and shoulder height to minimize ergonomic
strain
Stored items protruding into aisles and walkways can cause a trip hazard or other injuries
Keep walkways and other locations clear of power cords and hoses
If cords or hoses cannot be moved to a safe elevated location, ensure that they are firmly fixed in
place and visible
Flammable or combustible liquids when not in use must be stored in approved metal storage
cabinets designed for that purpose, or in an approved room in which ventilation is provided
Use only approved safety containers for storing rags soiled with solvents. These should be emptied
on a regularly scheduled basis, daily if possible
Give special attention when discarding debris that can cut or puncture
If a hazardous object cannot be removed, make it as safe as possible (e.g., cover sharp objects as
much as practical)
Trash or scrap materials in drums should not protrude more than 30 centimeters (12 in.) above
drum rim
Keep drums and barrels to a reasonable weight to avoid back strain
J1 Work Site Housekeeping and Storage Page 2
Where possible drums should be moved using carts or dollies
AISLE, WALKWAYS, AND EXITS

Aisles and walkways must be kept clean and free of clutter, debris
No obstructions should be allowed in or extend into aisles (low protrusion could cause a leg injury;
high protrusion could cause an eye injury)
Aisles and walkways should never be viewed as additional storage space, even temporarily—cite
any recent examples you have seen
Access to exits, isles, passageways, and stairwells may not be blocked or impeded
No obstructions in front of doors or escape routes that would hinder evacuation in case of fire
Combustible materials should never be stored near exits or in stairwells, including those leading to
a roof
Proper stacking of stored items
A clearance of 0.5 meter (18 in.) is required between top of stored items and ceiling or
between top of stored items and sprinkler heads on sprinkled floors
Appropriate clearance required around perimeter of storage floors—do not block access to
doors, windows, and security check points (branch facilities)
Do not block access to fire extinguishers or electrical panels
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
What are some recommended housekeeping practices?
What are the benefits of good housekeeping?
DC-80-E No. J1 2/21
J2 Slip, Trip, and Fall Hazards
NOTE: All personnel should "clean as they go" throughout the work day, not waiting until the end of
the day. Highlight the value of not being preoccupied while walking. Remind your audience of their
personal responsibility to "be alert to identify and prevent potential safety hazards”
Theme Scripture: Isaiah 62:10. Although the scripture applies spiritually the practical application is
clear
WE NEED TO CULTIVATE THE HABIT OF LOOKING FOR, IDENTIFYING, AND QUICKLY CORRECTING
UNSAFE CONDITIONS (Working Together Safely (DC-82) pp. 2-5)
SLIP HAZARDS (Consider situations that could arise in your work area)
Wet spots on floors, in stairwells, and construction areas
Water, oil, grease or chemical spills
Dry floors with dust, powder or granules on the surface
Newly waxed floors or floor finish/coating
Carpet glue during installation
Ask audience to comment on other slip hazards that they may be aware of
TRIP AND FALL HAZARDS (Consider situations that could arise in your work area)
Loose flooring, carpeting, rugs, mats or tiles
Transition from one floor type to another (carpet to vinyl, grid to smooth concrete)
Floors littered with construction debris, machine parts, or tools
Power cords or hoses
Human factors (e.g., carrying too many large items, not paying attention, using cell phone, being in a
hurry)
Ask audience to comment on other trip hazards that they may be aware of
WHAT SHOULD WE DO IN EACH OF THE FOLLOWING SITUATIONS? (Solutions in parenthesis)

Improperly stored materials
Anything protruding into aisle presents a general safety hazard. (remove from aisle)
An obstacle left in an aisle such as construction materials, tools, or trash (clean up aisle)
Furniture
Open cabinet, file or desk drawers (shut drawers)
Low tables (move away from walkways)
Chair legs (push chairs in tight to tables)
Cords, hoses and cables
Extension cords or air hoses (hang cords or air hoses if possible)
Phone cords or computer cables (place in protective floor cable/cord covers)
Attire and personal health
Shoes with soles that are slick, smooth, or worn out, or heels that are too high (fix or dispose of)
Shoe laces untied (tie them!)
Pants that are baggy or too long (alter them or dispose of)
J2 Slip, Trip, and Fall Hazards Page 2
Individuals with impaired visibility, because of carrying boxes, wearing sunglasses indoors, restricted
vision (make appropriate adjustments)
Poor lighting, glare, shadows (advise your overseer of a poor lighting situation)
Recognize your physical limitations, especially if you are of advanced age, have suffered previous
injury, are suffering an illness, or have a medical condition. (Inform your oversight of limitations
whether temporary or permanent. It is much better to admit a weakness than to suffer harm from
it)
REVIEW QUESTIONS
How does having a clean and orderly site reduce the risk of slips and trips?
Name several slip hazards and what can be done to avoid them
Name several trip hazards and what can be done to avoid them
DC-80-E No. J2 2/21
J3 Preparing Loads for Safe Transport
NOTE: Help your listeners understand proper procedures for stacking materials and preparing pallets
or skids for safe transport
Theme Scripture: Numbers 7:6-9
PROPER LOADING IS NECESSARY FOR SAFE TRANSPORT AND STORAGE

Pallets and skids
Give examples of materials moved by pallets or skids in your department
How should materials be stacked so they cannot collapse or tip?
Heavy loads should be centered for stability
Ensure load is secure before moving
If load has loose items, use a divider (e.g., cardboard, plywood) between each layer
Use cardboard corners vertically where practical
Tie down load with twine or rope that is not frayed
Use plastic or “shrink wrap” for certain irregular or loose materials
Fill out appropriate load ticket or shipping order
Label load clearly and completely
Explain approved procedure used in your work area
Store loads only in approved storage locations
Do not block exits
Do not leave load in traffic aisles
Do not block access to fire safety equipment or electrical panels
Do not overload or stack materials too high
Use correct base for load
Use rough wood or plastic pallets for drums, greasy machine parts, or construction materials
Use finished pallets/skids for printery materials and clean, lightweight items that cannot
damage surface
Pallets marked for a specific purpose should not be used for any other reason
Carts
Ensure materials do not protrude too far from any side of the cart
Could cause injury or property damage
Load should not be stacked too high or in an otherwise unstable manner
REPAIR DEFECTIVE SKIDS AND PALLETS

When is repair needed?
Broken, loose, or missing legs or runners
Large areas gouged out of top due to wear or misuse
Protruding nails, or excessive splintering
Engineered wood (e.g., molded pressed wood, composite) pallets that have been exposed to
moisture should be discarded as they can weaken and become structurally unsafe
Repair or dispose of defective pallets and skids
Explain where to send pallets needing repairs
J3 Preparing Loads for Safe Transport Page 2
Skids or pallets with broken legs or runners should be placed on a good pallet or skid to be
transported for repair or recycling
Explain what to do with defective pallets that cannot be repaired (e.g., discard, recycle)
REVIEW QUESTIONS
How would you prepare a load for safe transport?
What should be done with defective pallets and skids?
DC-80-E No. J3 2/21
J4 Using Manual Lift Trucks Safely
NOTE: Help your listeners understand the value of following closely the procedures for safely
operating manual lift trucks
Theme Scripture: Genesis 45:17. In Bible times, donkeys and camels were used as beasts of burden
to carry loads. Today, we use lift trucks
HOW TO SAFELY OPERATE A MANUAL LIFT TRUCK

(Include hands-on demonstration during discussion if appropriate)
Avoid rough handling
Approach load slowly and accurately
Lift only to height necessary to clear floor
Keep your feet well away from lift truck when raising, lowering, or transporting load or lift truck
Pull load
Pushing load reduces load control
Exceptions are when parking load or setting up to pull
Operate at a safe speed
Do not injure people or cause property damage
Special care needed where sight is limited (e.g., around corners, entering corridors)
Ensure space is wide enough for truck and load before trying to enter
To slow down or stop load momentum, brace body against lift truck handle without endangering
yourself
Do not stop by turning front wheels quickly, except in emergency
Could damage floor and wheels
Could cause load to shift and fall
Lower load only after coming to a complete stop
Do not leave truck parked with a raised load as it could unexpectedly drop and injure someone
Do not park lift truck or load
in traffic aisles,
in front of elevators,
blocking fire safety equipment, electrical panels, or exits
Before lowering the load, shout, “Down Load!” or a similar warning, to help prevent foot injury
if anyone is in your immediate vicinity
ADDITIONAL REMINDERS
Take good care of equipment
Know and stay within the truck’s lifting capacity. Do not overload it
Survey the route you will travel and make sure it is clear of debris and obstacles
Do not run over electrical cords or into walls or doors
Take good care of yourself
Pull with your legs to avoid back strain
Riding lift trucks like a scooter is dangerous and is never permitted (Compare 1Co 13:11)
Wear work gloves when moving pallets or skids to prevent hand injuries
J4 Using Manual Lift Trucks Safely Page 2
Take good care of others
Be aware of those walking in or through your work area
Flaggers must be used when operating a lift truck on public sidewalks
Do not use manual lift trucks in passenger elevators
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What is the safe way to use a manual lift truck?
What unsafe practices could lead to injury and/or equipment/property damage when using manual
lift trucks?
DC-80-E No. J4 2/21
J5 Using and Moving Drums Safely
NOTE: Explain how to move and place large or heavy drums (metal or plastic cylinder containers used
to transport and store chemical products) on pallets or drum cradles. Emphasize the importance of
handling drums carefully since liquid can be unstable, caustic, and/or heavy
Theme Scripture: 1 Kings 7:38. Hiram made 10 copper basins, each equivalent to four 55-gallon
drums. These were transported on specially made carriages (it-1 261)
FILLING A DRUM AND/OR PREPARING FOR MOVE

Wear appropriate PPE for task (e.g., goggles and/or face shield, rubber apron)
Consult Safety Data Sheet* (SDS)
*Formerly known as Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
If filling, do not overfill drum
Drum must be properly covered and sealed
Clean any material spilled on container or floor
Affix any required labels for identification and transportation
Chemical product information label with SDS, or equivalent if available
Mention any products you use for which government required transportation labels are also
required
Use only wood pallets in good condition for transporting drums on vehicle
Use an overhead hoist and drum lifting attachment to safely lift onto pallet
If a hoist is unavailable, two people could perform this task, one on each side of the drum
Do not try to load/unload a drum from a pallet alone
Never use a drum truck to load/unload a drum on a pallet
Example: A worker was removing drum from a pallet with a drum truck. Drum slipped and
broke open, splashing caustic solution into his eyes and face, resulting in severe burns
PROPER MOVEMENT OF DRUMS

Why should we never move a drum containing chemical products by rolling it on its edge?
Twisting could cause back injury
Drum could fall, causing leak or spill
Could damage rim of drum resulting in leakage
Safe lifting, movement of drums with drum truck/dolly—demonstrate during discussion if
appropriate
Approach drum slowly, placing truck/dolly feet low to floor, being careful not to ram into it
Drums have been punctured when drum trucks were rammed into them
Before lifting, ensure feet slide under drum and clamp catches securely at the top
Hold clamp down while steadying truck/dolly with foot to keep drum from slipping off truck/dolly
To avoid back injury, push, rather than pull drums, whenever possible
To set drum upright
Hold clamp down and keep drum from slipping
Steady drum with foot
Lower slowly
J5 Using and Moving Drums Safely Page 2
Push against top of drum to free prongs from underneath the drum
When moving a pallet loaded with two or more drums, secure them with ropes or chains
When not in use, store drum truck/dolly safely by clamping it to a drum. Never leave it leaning on a
wall
CORRECTLY PLACING A DRUM ONTO A DRUM STAND

If using a basic horizontal stand, two people are needed
One slightly tilts and steadies drum while the other slides stand under lip
Both should lift drum, one on each end, carefully lowering into the horizontal position
If using modified stand with drum strap and extension handles, one person can usually make the lift
safely
Extension handles provide greater lifting leverage (Retract and store handles after lift)
If the drum is too heavy and you must strain or twist your back, request assistance (Compare Pr 11:2)
DISPENSING LIQUID FROM THE SPIGOT

Drums containing flammable liquids must be grounded to prevent static spark
The receptacle (safety can) receiving the flammable liquid must likewise be bonded to the drum
Use alligator clips and wires designed to prevent static spark
Relieve internal drum pressure by slowly opening bunghole, and return bung to hole when finished
dispensing
Be alert to leaks and clean up spills promptly
REVIEW QUESTIONS
How should a drum be prepared for movement?
How do you correctly use a drum truck/dolly?
DC-80-E No. J5 2/21
J6 Using Power Trucks Safely
NOTE: This information applies mostly to power truck operators and other materials handlers that
are trained and authorized to operate power trucks. Power trucks include forklifts, extendable
boom forklifts, and power pallet trucks
Theme Scripture: Judges 4:15. As chariots were powerful weapons in ancient times, we have
powerful means of transport; but they need to be used properly to be effective
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL POWER TRUCK OPERATORS

They must be trained and authorized to operate each specific piece of equipment assigned for use
All are required to wear appropriate PPE and use the seat or restraint belt while operating sit-down
forklifts
It is prohibited to use any wireless communication (e.g., cell or cordless phone, two-way radio)
device while operating a power truck
Sufficient ventilation is required when equipment powered by combustion engines (e.g., propane,
gasoline, diesel) is used indoors
SAFE LIFTING PROCEDURES (demonstrate during presentation if appropriate)

Factors involved in determining if the truck is able to lift the load
Rated capacity: The weight shown on the nameplate of the truck, based on a standard load center
(distance between load’s center of gravity and face of forks)
Carrying capacity: Weight based on a formula that factors in different centers of gravity than that
used for the rated capacity (i.e., the further from the truck a load protrudes, the less it can weigh
without overloading the truck.)
Lift capacity: The higher a load, the more force it exerts on the base—overweight load can tip
truck
Accurately determine weight, load center, and stability of any load before attempting to move it
Approach load straight with forks approximately 80 millimeters (3 in.) above and parallel to the floor
Spread the forks apart laterally as wide as the load will permit
Raise the forks to the proper level and drive forward slowly until load touches back of the forks
With forklifts equipped with extendable forks, drive up to the load until the front wheels touch it
Then insert the forks as far as they will go
Tilt forks back and lift the load clear of the floor
Back away, and then lower the load to the proper level for transport
With forklifts equipped with extendable forks, lift load high enough to clear front wheels and
retract forks
Ensure load is tilted against back of forks before moving
This may require setting load down and re-inserting the forks further underneath
Flagmen are required when operating a power truck on public streets or sidewalks
SAFELY MOVING THE LOAD

Always start/stop and steer gradually and smoothly
Drive with forks just high enough to keep load from dragging
Avoid driving over obstructions or liquids
Always look in the direction in which you are traveling
J6 Using Power Trucks Safely Page 2
Always keep a clear view even if you have driven through the area moments before
If load is too bulky to see around it, drive backwards and use a spotter if possible
Keep a lookout for overhead obstructions (e.g., lights, pipes, sprinklers, conduit)
Never tailgate—maintain a minimum of 8 meters (25 ft.) between you and another moving truck or
object
USE OF FREIGHT ELEVATORS

Ensure that elevator generator motor is “on” before entry
Combined weight of vehicle and load cannot exceed the elevator weight capacity
Verify vehicle and load will clear elevator door and gate, and floor of cab is level with floor of building
Enter elevator centered to avoid damaging walls
Once inside lower the load, set the brake, and turn off lift power before closing the elevator door
When exiting, repeat step verifying clearance
Sound horn and look to verify that you can exit safely
PEDESTRIAN SAFETY (See also J7 “Pedestrian Safety Around Forklift Equipment”)

Many pedestrians are unaware of the weight and hazard potential of power equipment
Treat walkways as roadways, looking both ways before leaving an elevator or stairwell
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What factors should be considered before lifting and moving a load? Before entering an elevator?
DC-80-E No. J6 2/21
J7 Pedestrian Safety Around Forklift Equipment
NOTE: Safe actions are critical for pedestrians when working or walking near forklift equipment. Help
listeners to understand that there are specific things that can be done to reduce the potential of
injury to themselves and others. Visitors touring our facilities are at greater risk as they may not be
aware of the danger
Theme Scripture: Galatians 6:10
ALL SHOULD BE AWARE OF THE HAZARDOUS CHARACTERISTICS OF FORKLIFTS

A forklift in motion should be treated with the seriousness and respect as a moving car, with unique
dangers
Weighs 5 times more than the average car or truck. Average weight unloaded is 4.5 metric tons (5
tons)
Forklifts cannot stop quickly or swerve suddenly; can cause loads to spill
Rear-wheel steering produces unfamiliar motion to a pedestrian; therefore, ample space should
be allowed
No riders permitted other than forklift operator. No portion of forklift is safe for a passenger
Forklifts are generally equipped with warning (strobe) lights, headlights, and audible backup
alarms
PEDESTRIAN SAFETY IN WORK ASSIGNMENT

Stay alert when working around forklifts. Familiarity can dull our sense of watchfulness
Note the following
Look both ways when crossing forklift traffic or exiting doors that open to forklift traffic
Where installed, check the safety mirrors to look around corners and blind spots
Stay alert to your surroundings in high-traffic zones; proceed with caution
Before crossing the path of a moving forklift follow this process
Stop (this would include directing the tour to stop as well)
Establish eye contact with the operator
Wait for direction from the forklift operator
Do not distract forklift operator
Be alert to warning lights and alarms
NEVER place yourself between a fixed object (e.g., wall, column) and a forklift
NEVER walk under a raised load
Maintain safe distance from forklift when a load is elevated
Good principles to follow
Maintain your distance from the truck greater than the height of the load
Extra clearance should be maintained if the load contains items that could bounce, roll, or
shatter if dropped
NEVER reach into or place your hands in the forks and lifting mechanism
NEVER use your hands to feel for hydraulic leaks. This can result in serious injury! (See F11 “Using
High-Pressure Equipment Hoses Safely”)
NEVER attempt to steady a load that is falling
J7 Pedestrian Safety Around Forklift Equipment Page 2
PEDESTRIAN SAFETY WITH TOURS
Be alert and use extra caution and when tours are conducted around forklifts
Tour guides should provide reminders before and during the tour to exercise caution around
forklift
If a tour and power truck meet, truck operator should come to a complete stop
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What hazardous characteristics of forklifts should all be aware of?
How can we protect visitors touring our facilities?
How can pedestrians and forklifts safely share the workplace?
DC-80-E No. J7 2/21
J8 Rental Equipment
NOTE: Equipment rentals should be arranged through reputable companies that have policies on
safety and that maintain appropriate insurance. All rental equipment should be checked before
using. Large pieces of heavy equipment should not be rented without a skilled operator with it,
unless special arrangements have been made for qualified and experienced operators (and licensed
where necessary)
Theme Scripture: Job 39:11
DON’T ASSUME RENTAL EQUIPMENT IS IN SAFE OPERATING CONDITION

Rental equipment should be inspected and tested by a trained operator before agreeing to rental
arrangement
HEAVY EQUIPMENT AND LIFT TRUCK PRE-INSPECTION

Is the general appearance good?
Anything missing, broken, bent, or otherwise damaged?
Is the owner’s manual in place and legible?
Can you clearly see any capacity, weight and limits on the name plate or manufacturer’s decal(s)?
Are the tires in good condition?
Are there deep cuts or embedded materials?
For foam-filled or solid tires, any missing chunks?
Are all hydraulic hoses and connections in good condition?
WARNING! Do NOT attempt to “feel” for hydraulic leaks with your hands. This can result in serious
injury! (See F11 “Using High-Pressure Equipment Hoses Safely”)
Are all lights and lamps functioning?
Are the required windows/windshields and/or mirrors in place and are they unbroken?
Is the battery connection in good condition?
Look for cracks or cuts in any cables
Are connections tight?
Are the controls and panel lights working?
Are all safety interlocks working correctly (none bypassed)?
Is the back-up alarm or moving alarm working and free of obstructions?
Does the equipment operate smoothly and correctly?
POWER TOOLS
Is the tool properly grounded?
Is the electrical cord and plug in good condition?
Are all guards in place and secure?
Are all safety interlocks working correctly (none being bypassed)?
Does the tool operate smoothly and correctly?
GENERATORS
Have an electrician verify the generator can produce the manufacturer specified capacity, and that it
is sufficient for the intended load
J8 Rental Equipment Page 2
Has an electrician verified that the generator is properly grounded?
Check engine fluid levels
Inspect fuel and air filters
Inspect gauges and indicators
Does the equipment operate smoothly and correctly?
SCAFFOLDING (STANDING STAGING)

Are the erection instructions available?
Are all the needed parts included (e.g., railings, toe boards, base plates, pins, locks)?
Are any frames bent or with broken welds?
Are all planks in good condition, free from cracks or fatigue?
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Why is best to assume not all rental equipment safe to use?
What should be looked for when inspecting rental equipment, and when should this be done?
DC-80-E No. J8 2/21
J9 Manually Moving Materials
NOTE: Overseers must help workers identify and limit the potential dangers that could lead to
injuries when moving materials. Encourage all to stop and think of potential dangers prior to
beginning any task
Theme Scripture: Exodus 18:18. Though discussing a load of responsibility, the counsel on how to
properly manage a load is applicable to all types of loads
OVERSEERS MUST CREATE AN ATTITUDE OF AWARENESS FOR POTENTIAL DANGERS BY

Setting the right example
Actively protecting those under their care for whom they are responsible
Reviewing the Job Hazard Analysis form before beginning work
Training workers to
Look for potential hazards in their work assignments and eliminate them when possible, or
protect themselves and prevent accidents
Know and practice correct work methods and procedures
Know and avoid unsafe work practices and improper handling of equipment
ALL MUST THINK OF WHAT DANGERS MAY BE PRESENT WHEN LIFTING OR MOVING OBJECTS
Weight and bulkiness of objects lifted may contribute to back injuries
Awkward movements such as bending, twisting, staining, and turning, can result in back injuries
A moving load has tremendous force. Do not try to stop an uncontrolled moving load with your
body
Falling objects, improperly stacked materials, and misuse of materials handling equipment can lead
to injury
Strains and sprains from lifting loads incorrectly or from carrying loads that are too large or heavy
Fractures and bruises caused by being struck by materials or by being caught in pinch points
Cuts and bruises caused by
falling materials that have been improperly stored
incorrect use of box cutters, knives, and metal snips when cutting ties, metal banding, or other
securing devices
ALL SHOULD TAKE PRECAUTIONS WHEN MOVING MATERIALS MANUALLY

Modestly recognize your personal limitations. This is a sign of humility (Nu 27:15-18)
Seek help when a load is too difficult to:
Properly grasp or lift
See around or over
Handle safely
When moving materials manually, attach handles or holders to loads, especially if they are to be
placed at or below ground level
Cite examples in your work area where this may be necessary
Wear appropriate PPE
Hand and forearm protection, such as gloves, to avoid pinched fingers and sharp or rough edges
Eye protection
J9 Manually Moving Materials Page 2
Steel-toed safety shoes or boots
Survey the route you will travel
Make sure floor is free of debris and trip/slip hazards
Look for overhead obstacles (e.g., lights, pipes, sprinklers)
Measure openings (e.g., doorways, corridors, stairwells) to make sure load/item will fit
Are others are present in the area?
Communicate what work will be performed
Consider if barricades or caution tape is necessary to protect others
Use proper lifting techniques
Hold item close to body and bend at the knees (DC-82 p. 4; C5 “Proper Back Care”)
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What should overseers and workers be able to identify?
What are some common situations that can lead to accidents and injury?
How can workers protect themselves and others when moving materials?
DC-80-E No. J9 2/21

A1 Working Safely Makes Jehovah's Heart Glad

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A1 Working Safely Makes Jehovah's Heart Glad

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A1 Working Safely Makes Jehovah’s Heart Glad

OVERSEERS ARE RESPONSIBLE TO GET NEW PERSONNEL OFF TO A GOOD START

EVERY INDIVIDUAL IS RESPONSIBLE TO JEHOVAH TO WORK SAFELY

DEFINE YOUR “WORK AREA”

BEFORE BEGINNING WORK, PERFORM A SAFETY EVALUATION OF YOUR WORK AREA

WARN OTHERS WHEN POTENTIAL DANGER EXISTS!

ENSURE THAT WORK ENVIRONMENT IS SAFE

SECURE YOUR WORK AREA BEFORE LEAVING

Theme Scripture: Leviticus 5:1

WHY WE REPORT SAFETY INCIDENTS AND NEAR MISSES

WHAT IS A NEAR MISS, AND WHEN TO REPORT ONE

WHY SAFETY INVESTIGATIONS ARE DONE

HOW TO PERFORM A SAFETY INVESTIGATION WHEN ASSIGNED BY THE OVERSEER OR SAFETY

Theme Scripture: Deuteronomy 32:10b

WHAT MIGHT GET IN YOUR EYE?

HOW CAN WE PREVENT EYE INJURIES?

WHAT IS AN EYEWASH STATION?

WHAT SHOULD YOU DO IF SOMETHING GETS IN YOUR EYE?

Theme Scripture: Proverbs 20:18a

FIRST AID PROCEDURES MUST BE UNDERSTOOD BY ALL

HOW WOULD YOU HANDLE THE FOLLOWING EMERGENCY SITUATIONS?

Theme Scripture: Ecclesiastes 7:12

ELECTRICAL SHOCK KILLS HUNDREDS OF PERSONS EACH YEAR. WHY?

PREVENT ELECTRICAL SHOCK

HELPING A SHOCK VICTIM

Theme Scripture: Titus 2:6, 7a

BASIC TOUR GUIDELINES

WHAT TO DO IF SOMEONE IN YOUR TOUR GROUP BECOMES ILL

PROPER USE OF STAIRS AND ELEVATORS

Theme Scripture: Proverbs 20:18

PERFORMING A HAZARD ANALYSIS

IDENTIFYING HAZARDS AND PREVENTIVE ACTIONS

Theme Scripture: Proverbs 14:15

COMMUNICATION REGARDING SAFETY

Theme Scripture: Philippians 2:4

IMITATE JEHOVAH’S LOVE IN ACTION

IF YOU SEE SOMETHING, SAY SOMETHING

REPORT NEAR MISSES AND INJURIES

Theme Scripture: Romans 12:16

SET PROPER EXAMPLE

WHAT SHOULD I DO IF SOMEONE IS ACTING IN AN UNSAFE MANNER?

Theme Scripture: Proverbs 3:21-24

CAUSES OF IMPROPER REST

RESULTS OF INSUFFICIENT REST OR SLEEP (g04 2/8 4-5)

MAKE PROPER REST A PRIORITY

Theme Scripture: Proverbs 26:18, 19

WHAT IS MEANT BY HORSEPLAY?

WHAT MOTIVATES HORSEPLAY?

HOW WE ELIMINATE HORSEPLAY?

DEFINITION AND HAZARDS OF STRESS IN THE WORKPLACE

DEALING WITH SOME CAUSES OF STRESS AT BETHEL OR ON CONSTRUCTION

OTHER WAYS TO LIMIT STRESS

Theme Scripture: Psalm 36:9

IMITATE JEHOVAH’S VIEWPOINT ON LIFE

CARING FOR OUR LEGS

CARING FOR OUR FEET

IDENTIFY POSSIBLE DANGERS TO THE EYES OR FACE

KEEP EYES AND EYE PROTECTION CLEAN

INDICATE LOCATIONS OF CLOSEST EYEWASH STATION(S)

Theme Scripture: Job 10:11

IDENTIFYING CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDER

WHAT CAN BE DONE TO PREVENT MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDER?

REPORT SYMPTOMS OF PAIN, NUMBNESS, SWELLING, OR TINGLING PROMPTLY TO YOUR