OPEN CH AN N EL

SPECIFIC ENERGY, UNIFORM FLOW , BOUNDARY SHEARING

STRESS
OPEN CH A N N EL
 TYPE OF CONDUIT
 HAS AN UPPER SURFACE IN CONTACT W ITH
ATM OSPHERE
 FLOW IS NOT CAUSED BY AN EXTERNAL HEAD
 FLOW IS CAUSED BY GRAVITY AND SLOPE OF
CHANNEL RUN
UNIFORM STEADY FLOW AND
TOTAL ENERGY IN AN OPEN
CHANNEL
STEADY FLOW – FLOW IN A STREAM AT ANY CROSS SECTION,
REM AINS THE SAM E AT ANY GIVEN POINT OF TIM E
UNIFORM FLOW – VELOCITY OF FLOW IN A STREAM DOES NOT
CHANGE OVER TIM E
SPECIFIC EN ERG Y

THE SPECIFIC ENERGY (H) IS DEFINED AS THE ENERGY PER UNIT

W EIGHT RELATIVE TO THE BOTTOM OF THE CHANNEL

2
H= +
2 Y
UNIFORM STEADY FLOW

Conditions:
1
= 2 1. 1 = 2 @
2. =
1 1
= 2 2
1 2 @
3.
1
= 2 @
1 1 1
= 2 2 2 4.S = @
BOU N D ARY SH EARIN G STRESS

 THE AVERAGE BOUNDARY SHEAR STRESS ԏ , ACTING

OVER THE W ETTED SURFACE OF THE CHANNEL

ԏ =
EXAM PLE PROBLEM S
A TRAPEZOIDAL CHANNEL HAS A BOTTOM W IDTH OF 6M ETER AND SIDE
SLOPES OF 2HORIZONTAL TO 1VERTICAL.IF THE DEPTH OF FLOW IS 1.
2
M ETER AND THE FLOW IS 20.
40CUBIC M ETER PER SECOND

• COM PUTE THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY

• COM PUTE THE SLOPE OF THE CHANNEL IF N=0.
014
• COM PUTE THE AVERAGE SHEARING STRESS AT THE BOUNDARY
EXAM PLE PROBLEM S
W ATER FLOW S UNIFORM LY IN A RECTANGULAR, CONCRETE,
OPEN CHANNEL THAT IS 10M ETER W IDE AT DEPTH OF 3M ETER.
THE CHANNEL SLOPE IS 0.
0025.USING n = 0.
013, FIND THE
VELOCITY, FLOW RATE, AND THE BOUNDARY SHEAR STRESS