GBU 304: MASTER PLAN

B.Plan 5th Semester

Session: 2021-2022

Submitted to: Submitted by:

B. Plan (V sem)
Karamjit Singh Sandhu
Session: 2021-2022

GURU RAMDAS SCHOOL OF PLANNING

GURU NANAK DEV UNIVERSITY
AMRITSAR
 PREFACE

We are grateful to AL mighty who gave us all strength, courage, preservation, and patience to
finish this report. We are thankful to our parents and teachers who support us for completing this
report. In earlier reports, our group discussed about the introduction, scope, need of the exercise,
described about the theoretical framework including analysis of data on various topics that were
collected in the field.
In this report, with the objective to solve the problems that were analysed in the field, various
proposals are given. To provide a better understanding, these proposals are described with the
help of maps. Required figures and tables are also inserted according to their need.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The only way to succeed is the blend to hard work, confidence and luck. We find ourselves lucky
to work under such talented and experienced person who guided us throughout this exercise.
First of all we thank our studio-in-charge Mr. Karamjit Singh Sandhu who was very supportive
and helpful throughout the exercise. His constant and efficient guidance and constructive
criticism brought out the best in us. We would also like to thank our parents for their moral and
financial support to keep our enthusiasm on high spirits for all times.
B.TECH (Vth Sem)
Rajneet kaur
Pragyan galhotra
Sachin sharma
Arvind kumar verma
Ritik sharma
Rydhima Sharma
Prabhseerat kaur
Kirti Kehra

Neha Bharti
 TABLE OF CONTENT
SECTION – 1: INTRODUCTION TO EXERCISE
1.1 Introduction to exercise 4
1.2 Need of exercise 4
1.3 Scope of the exercise 5
1.4 Objectives of exercise 5
1.5 Methodology 6
1.6 Limitations 7
1.7 Conclusion 7
SECTION – 2: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF
MASTER PLAN
2.1 Introduction 8
2.2 Definitions of Master Plan 8
2.2.1 Derived definition 9
2.3 Need 9
2.4 Scope 9
2.5 Objectives 10
2.6 Characteristics 10
2.7 Process 10
2.8 Norms and Standards 11
SECTION – 3: INTRODUCTION TO TOWN
3.1 Introduction to Amritsar 14
3.1.1 Location 14
3.1.2 History 14
3.1.3 Demography 14
3.1.4 Connectivity 14
3.1.5 Tourism 15
SECTION – 4: SUMMARY OF TOWN
4.1 Aspects wise Problems and Potentials 16
4.1.1 Regional Setting 16
4.1.2 Local Planning Area 17
4.1.3 Physiography Characteristics 18
4.1.4 Historical evolution 19
4.1.5 Land use Characteristics 19
4.1.6 Demographic Characteristics 19
4.1.7 Socio- Economic Characteristics 20
4.1.8 Housing 20
4.1.9 Industry 21
4.1.10 Trade and Commerce 22
4.1.11 Informal Sector 23
4.1.12 Land Value 24
4.1.13 Land Ownership 24
4.1.14 Traffic and transportation 25
4.1.15 Physical Infrastructure 25
4.1.16 Social Infrastructure 26
4.1.17 Urban Design 27
4.1.18 Tourism 28
4.1.19 Conservation and Heritage 28
4.1.20 Disaster Management 28
SECTION – 5: VISION & OBJECTIVES AND CONCEPT
5.1.1 Vision 31
5.1.2 Specific Objective 31
5.2 Conceptual Plan 31
5.2.1 Sector Theory 31
5.2.2 Significance 32
SECTION – 6: PROJECTIONS AND REQUIREMENTS
6.1 Projection 34
6.1.1 Population projections 34
6.1.2 LPA projections 35
6.1.3 Workforce projections 36
6.2 Requirements 37
6.2.1 Land use requirements 38
6.2.2 Housing 39
6.2.3 Social infrastructure 39
6.2.4 Industry 41
SECTION – 7: PROPOSALS & RECOMMENDATIONS (2041)
7.1 Housing 43
7.2 Trade and commerce 45
7.3 Industrial 47
7.4 Parks and Open spaces 49
7.5 Traffic and Transportation 52
SECTION-8 : PHASING
8.1 Phase I (2021-2026) 59
8.2 Phase II (2026-2031) 59
8.3 Phase III (2031-2036) 60
8.4 Phase IV (2036-2041) 60
BIBLOGRAPHY
LIST OF TABLES
1 Classifications of Town 11
2 Land Use Distribution 11
3 Social Infrastructure 12
4 Recreational Spaces 12
5 Commercial Hierarchy 13
6 Informal Sector 13
7 Industrial 13
8 Population incremental and growth rate 34
9 Projected population 35
10 LPA projections of 2021 35
11 LPA projections of 2041 36
12 Existing workforce 36
13 Workforce increment and growth rate 37
14 Workforce projection 37
15 Landuse requirement 38
16 Housing requirement 39
17 Existing no. of colleges 39
18 Socio-cultural activites 40
19 Existing number of hospitals 40
20 Regional level hospitals 40
21 Projected workforce 41
22 Types of Industries 41
23 Distribution of industries 41
24 Housing requirements 44
25 Location identification 44
26 Projected workforce 48
LIST OF FIGURES
1 Methodology 6
2 Process of preparation of Master plan 10
3 Location of Amritsar 14
4 Sector theory 32
LIST OF MAPS
1 Problems 29
2 Potential 30
3 Conceptual plan 33
4 Proposed housing 44
5 Proposed informal area 46
6 Proposed industry 48
7 Proposed recreational 50
8 Improving intersection of Kacheri chowk 52
9 Proposed redesign of Ajnala road 54
10 Road network 55
11 Phasing 60
 SECTION: 1 – INTRODUCTION

As planning is the continuous process and without any pre planning, the city starts developing in a
very haphazard manner and in a very irregular pattern. There is a need to have pre thinking of how to
develop a city and in which direction it will grow so that it can boost the economy and living
standards of the people residing over there in a city. For providing quality and healthy life to the
people, the planning of the infrastructure facilities and services need to be planned and incorporated
in the development plan to be prepared.
1.1 INTRODUCTION TO EXERCISE
The students of B Plan 5th semester are required to prepare “Master Plan (2021-2041)” of Amritsar
as per the course curriculum, the class has to prepare the plan based upon the study conducted earlier
exercise “study of town”. In previous exercise we have studied different aspects of a town. So, in
Master plan, class tried to study all these aspects and find out the problems and potentials. We tried
to eradicate the problems and maximize the use of potential by giving proposals for present and
future population with the help of maps.
1.2 NEED OF EXERCISE
 Being a long term plan, it guides future course of development and catering needs of present.

 To achieve integrated and comprehensive development of the area as many projects and
programmes will be set up under the guidance of master plan.

 For the better administration and implementation of development process.

 For guiding the utilisation of present resources efficiently.

 Planning for the each and every class and community of society to upraise the weaker
section of society.

 For equally division of the facilities and services with in town.

 Promoting the growth of the existing potential of the town so that economy of the town
could enhance.

 To analyze the existing situation of infrastructure and land use development of city.

 To assess required infrastructure for future needs.

 To promote the growth of existing business by identifying and addressing business needs
which leads to sustainable growth.

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 1.3 SCOPE OF THE EXERCISE
It is required to solve the planning problems identified earlier, optimum use of the resources, and suggest
a suitable plan and development strategies. The final proposals may include the proposed land use plans,
infrastructure requirements and proposals of the city, phasing, financial measures adopted.

 Housing: Providing affordable housing to EWS and LIG.

 Industrial: Proving more number of industries in order to boost economy.

 Informal : Providing a separate space for street vendors

 Recreational: Increasing recreational area of the area.

1.4 OBJECTIVES OF EXERCISE
 To achieve balanced and organized development best suited for present and future needs.
 To give guidance that should be in scale with population and economic prospects of the community.
 To attain conducive living environment by upgrading the undeveloped areas of the city and gradually
reconstructing the developed area of the city with particular attention to blighted section and
improper circulation.
 To provide functional relationship between work, place and recreation.
 To provide balanced infrastructural facilities and other services within town. Hence sustainable
development and livability is obtained.
1.5 METHODOLOGY
This is the methodology which is followed by us, for achieving the step by step process for
betterment and achieve the objectives of the study. Every stage is briefed clearly and refer the figure1
Stage I: Theoretical Framework
Keeping the objectives in mind, literature is searched through various books, unpublished thesis and
theoretical framework is framed which includes definition, concepts, components, Process of master
plan and norms and standards of the URDPFI Guidelines
Stage II: Identification of Problems and Problems
On the basis of the study and complied data related to city Amritsar, certain problems and potentials,
FCI are carried out.
Stage III Vision, Specific Objectives and Specific planning consideration
Specific objectives and Specific planning considerations are worked out for various components.
Stage IV: Proposals for present population and policies (2021).
Detailed proposals will be prepared for land use. It will include the placement of components.
Implementationstrategies will include the policies and programs under which improvement of
facilities and infrastructure would come.
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Stage V: Projections and Requirements
Based upon projection of the population of the LPA and the M.C, workforce and the casestudies,
and requirement is calculated for Housing, commercial and required aspects.
Stage VI: Conceptual Plan
Different Concepts were studied and implementing the suitable concept to the town for better
development of future town.
Stage VII: Proposals and Plan Implementation Strategies
Detailed proposals will be prepared for land use. It will include the placement of components of
different aspects .Implementation strategies will include the policies and programs under which
improvement of facilities and infrastructure would come.
Stage VIII: Phasing
The phasing is done after the propose layout of the city in which cover the land use and thephasing
done for the 5 years in 4 stages according the development of city

Figure 1: Methodology
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1.6 LIMITATIONS
 Master plan has been prepared at a macro level, so that the minute details will not be covered under
the plan document.
 The ground realities are totally different as per the written document of master plan.
 The time period of master plan is too long i.e. 20 years, so the time span is too long for the
implementation strategies.
1.7 CONCLUTION
From this chapter it can be concluded that, methodology framed will help to further carry out
exercise and under the light of framed objectives, the proposals will be given.

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 SECTION: 2 – THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
2.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter will cover the literature on the master plans i.e. its definitions by the different scholars
and documents, the components of master plan and its procedure and process. Than it will also cover
the literature related to different type of plans. For a successful town planning there must be a plan,
which envisages the entire town as a single unit. This is necessary to achieve overall development of
the town in a coordinated manner. The development or expansion of a town takes a long time, and
therefore, the development is required to be controlled at any time on the basis of plan. Such a plan is
called Master Plan.
2.2 DEFINITIONS OF MASTER PLAN
According to Charles Abrams has defined master plan as a comprehensive, long-range plan intended to
guide the growth and development of a city, town or region, expressing official contemplation on the
course its transportation, housing and community facilities should take, and making proposals for
industrial settlement, commerce, population distribution, and other aspects of growth and development.
According to S. C. Rangawala ,‖A master plan or a development plan or a town plan may be defined as
a general plan for the future layout of a city showing both the existing and proposed streets or roads,
open spaces, public buildings etc. which aim at controlling the further growth of a town along
preconceived and predetermined paths.
According to URDPFI Guidelines, Development plan is a statutory plan prepared within the framework
of approved perspective plan. The objective of a development plan is to provide further necessary details
and intended actions in form of strategies and physical proposals for various policies given in the
perspective plan depending upon the economic and social needs and aspiration of the people, available
resources and priorities.
According to United Nations publication “Master Plan is a comprehensive long-range plan, including a
physical plan and an explanatory text, providing guidelines for the development of a city, town or region.
It defines land-use areas and directs location of facilities and transport and utility networks. The term
“development plan” is considered parallel to the term master plan.
According to A. Whittick,” A development plan comprises written statements, maps, and are prepared
by an authority responsible for planning. It is based upon a survey including land use, size, composition
and distribution of population an employment together with an analysis of the system of
communications. An opportunity is given for the Public to participate at all stages of the plan-making
process. The objective is to satisfy the social and economic desires of the community by pleasant
environment while reconciling Conflicting land use claims.
According to G.K Hiraskar A master plan is a blueprint of the various proposals that are intended to
improve the existing conditions and to control the future growth of the town in a coordinated8manner
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such a plan may be realistic , ideal to be aimed at and preserve the individuality of the town.
Master plan is a dynamic long term planning document that provides the conceptual layout to guide
future growth and development. Master planning is about the making connection between the buildings,
social setting, and their surrounding environments. A master plan includes analysis, recommendations,
and proposals for a site‟s population, economy, housing, transportation, community facilities and land
use. It is based on public input, surveys, planning initiatives, existing development, physical
characteristics, and social and economic conditions. - The World Bank
2.2.1 DERIVED DEFINITION
A Master Plan is a long-term statutory document that provides a conceptual layout to guide future
growth and development. Master planning is about making the connection between buildings, social
settings, and their surrounding environments. It lays down the planning guidelines as per the vision,
policies for various socio-economic activities supporting the town population during the planned
period.
2.3 NEED
 Large cities are growing at an alarming pace compared to a smaller town which is slowly
declining with improvement in technology and infrastructure as per the act. For promoting,
guiding, and rationalizing the future growth and development of urban centers.
 To eradicate the evils of ill planned cities, for the welfare of citizens in respect of health,
convenience and comfort; need for an comprehensive master plan, To promote the orderly
movement of traffic and transportation within the town.
 To overcome the existing shortage of social infrastructure, to control the development of
industries in residential areas.
 Migration of rural population caused housing shortage and increased congestion to control
these situations in future there is need of master plan, Urban centers tends to grow in most
haphazard and disorderly manner leading to traffic congestion and infrastructure failure.
2.4 SCOPE
 To encourage planned and scientific growth of a town.
 Collection and review of available data, documents, reports, etc.
 Studying demand, supply and identifying gaps in service delivery. Preparing Proposed Land
use Plan. To offset the problems of overpopulation such as shortage of houses, slums, traffic
congestion, inadequate open spaces and insufficient public amenities.
 To achieve the balance between different land use residential, commercial, industrial etc. A
guiding document according to the set of priorities. The mobilization of the resources or
funds has been analyzed for the different projects and for the development of the city. Looks
at planned development/ redevelopment.
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 2.5 OBJECTIVE OF MASTER PLAN
 To offset the evils of overpopulation with a view to support the socio-economic and physical
requirements of the settlements by providing adequate housing for all, solving traffic
problems & Ensuring adequate infrastructure.
 To encourage planned growth of the city by developing different parcels of land through
town planning and development schemes.
 To place various components of the town in compatibility to each other to avoid the chances
of mutual conflict.
 To formulate long term and short term action programmes with a view to inject long term
considerations into short term actions by preparing detail zonal development plans and
project reports.
 To provide functional relationship between work, place and recreation by placing the required
components at accessible distance.
2.6 CHARATERISTICS OF MASTER PLAN
 It is Comprehensive.
 It is a long range and physical plan.
 It is a statement of public policy.

 It is a guide to the decision making.

2.7 PROCESS OF PREPERATION OF MASTER PLAN

Figure 2: Process of preparation of Master plan

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 2.8 NORMS AND STANDARDS
Norms and standards act as backbone for the preparation of any plan of a constituency. While taking
into account the master plan different norms and standards are taken into consideration for its
preparation. These act as a basis for the formulation of policies for the decision taking while
formulating master plan. The suggested norms and standards are indicative and can be suitably
modified depending upon the local conditions. Variation in the norms and standards, as applicable to
small and medium towns and large cities as classified by URDPFI guidelines, has been given.
Variations in respect of urban center are located in hill areas have also been provided at appropriate
level. Below classification of town: to know the category of our town, we classified it into different
parts on the basis of population or the density of town.
Table 1: Classification of Towns
Classification of Sub-category Population Range Governing local
Town authority
Small Town -1 5000-20,000 Nagar Panchayat
Small Town Small Town -2 20,000-50,000 Nagar Panchayat/
Municipal Council
Medium Town Large Medium Town -1 50,000- 1 lakh Municipal Council
Town Medium Town -2 1 lakh – 5 lakh Municipal Council
---------- 5 lakh – 10 lakh Municipal Council
Municipal Corporation/
Metropolitan city - 1 10 lakh- 50 lakh Metropolitan Planning
Metropolitan city Committee
Municipal Corporation/
Metropolitan city - 2 50 lakh – 1 crore Metropolitan Planning
Committee
Municipal Corporation/
Metropolis ----------- More than one crore Metropolitan Planning
Committee
Source: URDPFI Guidelines
Thus, on the basis of this classification town is existing in metropolitan city. The norms and standards of are to be
taken care of while formulating the Master Plan of Amritsar are.

Table 2: Land Use distribution

Sr. No Categories of Land-use As per URDPFI (%)
1 Residential 35-40
2 Commercial 4-5
3 Industrial 10-12
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4 Public/semi public 12-14
5 Recreational 18-20
6 Transport and communication 12-14
7 Agriculture and water bodies Balance

Source: URDPFI Guidelines

Table 3: Social Infrastructure

Health Facilities Population Served (lakh) Area (ha)
Dispensary 0.15 0.08-0.12
Nursing Home/Policlinic 1 0.20-0.30
Maternity Home 1 0.20-0.30
Hospital B(80 beds) 1 1
Hospital A(200 beds) 1 3.70
General Hospital (500 beds) 2.5 6
Medical College 10 15
Educational Facilities Population Served Area (hectare)
Primary Schools 5000 0.4
Sr.Sec. Schools 7500 1.80
School with hostel Facility 90000-100000 3.90
College 1.25 lakh 5
Engineering College 10 Lakh 6
Medical College 10 lakh 15
Social-Cultural Facilities Population (lakh) Area (sq. m.)
Community room 5000 750
Community hall/Library 15000 2000
Music Dance Drama Centre 1 lakh 1000
Recreational Club 1 lakh 10000
Exhibition Cum Fair Ground 10 Lakh 15 ha

Source: URDPFI Guidelines

Table 4: Recreational Spaces

Category Population Served per unit Area (Hectare)
Housing Area Park 5000 0.50
Neighbourhood Park 15000 1
Community Park 1 lakh 5
District Park 5 lakh 25
Sub City Park 10 lakh 100
Sub-City Level Multipurpose 10 lakh 8

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Table 5: Commercial Hierarchy
Hierarchical level
Convenience Shopping
Local Shopping
Community Centre
District Centre
Sub-City Centre
City Centre
Local Wholesale Market
Table 6: Informal Sector
Category
Retails Trade
Residential
Industrials
Wholesale Trade
Table 7: Industrial
Type of industries
Red
Orange
Green
Type of industries
Small scale industries
Medium scale industries
Large scale industries
Type of industries
Small scale industries
Medium scale industries
Large scale industries
Population Served Area (Hectare)
5000 0.15
15000 0.46
100000 5
5,00000 40
25 lakh – 50 lakh As per Requirement
50 lakh+ As Required
10 Lakh 10
Source: URDPFI Guidelines
No, of Informal Units
3-4 units/ 10 formal shops
1 units/ 1000 population
5-6 units/ employees
3-4 units / 10 formal shops
Source: URDPFI Guidelines
Categorization reasoning ( pollution based)
High level of pollution
Medium or comparatively level of pollution
Much lower level or minimum level of pollution
Categorization reasoning ( Number of workers based)
159 workers or less
160-289 workers
More than 290 workers
Categorization reasoning ( Plots sizes based)
450-1000 sq mts
1000-10,000 sq mts
Above 10,000 mts
Source: URDPFI Guidelines
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 SECTION: 3 – INTRODUCTION TO CITY
3.1 INTRODUCTION TO A M R I T S A R
Amritsar is the second largest city in the Indian state of Punjab after Ludhiana. It is major cultural
and economic centre located in the Majha region of Punjab. Amritsar lies about 25km east of the
border with Pakistan.
3.1.1 LOCATION
 Amritsar is located at 31.37° N 74.55° E.
 It is located 28 from the border with Pakistan.
 The city is distributed over a land area of 139 sq.km

Figure 3: Location of Amritsar

3.1.2 HISTORY

Amritsar was founded by Sri Guru Ramdass ji, the fourth guru of the sikhs in about 1574 A,d. Before the
city was founded, the area was covered with thick forests and several lakes. To start the city the Guru
invited 52 traders from different sectors belongings to nearby places like Patti and Kasur to settle here
3.1.3 DEMOGRAPHY
Amritsar is second largest city (metropolis) of Punjab having population of 11.33 lakhs.
Growth rate of urban population of Punjab is 25.72% & of Amritsar is 17.16%.
3.1.4 CONNECTIVITY
• Amritsar has high advantage for having strong rail connectivity conducive for strengthening national
&international trade links. The city Amritsar is well connected by dual broad-gauge rail network
with other parts of country and with the neighboring country of Pakistan via Attari rail link. Major
links are from Amritsar to Pathankot (connecting Jammu), Amritsar to New Delhi and Amritsar to
Patti & Amritsar to Attari link lines.
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 • The city of Amritsar has an international airport, namely ―Rajasansi International Airport‖ also
known as Guru Ram Das International Airport or Amritsar International Airport and Amritsar is the
only city having an international airport in the existing scenario of Punjab.
• The city has a good connectivity by road also

3.1.5 TOURISM

Amritsar holds a very special place in the collective psyche of India and its natives. The city is an
important landmark when it comes to religious destinations, cultural heritage, national integrity of India and
India„s struggle for independence from British rule in the early 20th century. Home to the renowned Golden
Temple or the Harmandir Sahib Gurdwara, Amritsar also commends importance with the memorial of
Jallianwala Bagh where the atrocities of the British rulers reached an all time low when they massacred
innocent people. Apart from these, Amritsar is also famous for its food, the friendly natives and local
markets(Traveltimes,2012). Further Amritsar has walled city with its own character, Baba Bakala
Gurudwara, and Ramtirath temple and built heritage large number of people visits from all parts of country
and even world, to this, due to which it has been placed as important point on the tourist map of India.

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 SECTION: 4 – PROBLEMS, POTENTIALS AND SWOT
ANALYSIS

The chapter 4 deals with the existing conditions of infrastructure of town and the facilities and services
provided by the Amritsar Municipal Corporation. The aspect wise analysis is presented
4.1 ASPECTS WISE PROBLEMS AND POTENTIALS
4.1.1 REGIONAL SETTING
Problems
 Amritsar is having a locational disadvantage as it is present near the international
boundary with Pakistan. So, there can‟t be much development in the city as there is
always a fear of wars & riots which leads to the heavy loss, human as well as economic
loss.
 Industrial base of Amritsar is not very strong only 26 large scale industrial units exist in it
& this is due to its locational disadvantage as the developers do not feel safe to invest in
large amount in such areas.
Potentials
 Amritsar is a district head quarter second highest position of the state.
 Location of Amritsar is near Indo-Pak which leads to the international trade across wagah
border.
 Amritsar has the potential of National highways & state highways passing through the
city & other settlements and further connecting with north-south corridor (part of
National Quadrilateral) leading to national & international trade links
 It is connected with National & State Capitals with National & State Highways, giving
higher level of physical accessibility to it.
 All the major towns & cities are connected by higher order road network making it
accessible from all directions.
 It has dual broadgauge railway track linking national capital & beyond. It has rail
connectivity with Jammu & Kashmir through Jammu & Pakistan through Lahore.
 Domestic and international flights from International airport, Rajasansi makes it unique in
air connectivity w. r. t. national and international links.
 The educational facilities make it a predominant destination for student‟s pursuing higher
studies.
 It has highest number of hospitals amongst all the districts of Punjab making it medically
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 rich cities.
 Educational as well as medical facilities available in the city serve larger region covering
neighbouring states as well.
 Presence 26 large industries in number like Khanna Paper Mill, Verka Milk Plant,
Northern Railway Mechanical Workshop exports machinery, and O.C.M. Mill leads to
import of wool to the city & export of clothes, shawls & woolen clothes and Gopi Fabrics
Pvt. Ltd export clothes etc. & it is the only reason Amritsar has larger market for clothes.
 Amritsar is the city of international importance with the presence of Golden Temple of
international importance and also the Amritsar is the major hub for tourism having major
sites such as Jalian Wala Bagh, Gobindgarh Fort, Ram Bagh, Wall City, Shaheedan Sahib
Gurdwara etc.
 Amritsar has high advantage for having strong road, rail & air linkages conducive for
strengthening national & international trade links. It has the greater number of facilities,
i.e., university, degree colleges & specialized hospitals maximum in number leading to
better educational & health facilities & community development.
4.1.2 LOCAL PLANNING AREA
Problems
 Increasing land use conversions with in the city putting pressure on the overburdened
infrastructure.
 Inflow of visitors has risen, the facilities available within the city are limited.
 Rapid growth of population cannot be accommodated within the limits of city.
 Haphazard growth take place on the periphery.
Potentials
 Amritsar is the centre of modern industry and national trade and commerce.
 As a result of the rapid urbanisation and population growth many residential projects are
going to be established along the highways or arterial roads which results in physical
expansion of city.
 Amritsar city is well connected with the public transport with the surrounding villages.
 Amritsar is rich in vegetable and fruit supply so the commodities can be exported to rest
part of Punjab which can help in economic development of the Amritsar.
4.1.3 PHYSIOGRAPHY CHARACTERISTICS
Problems
4.1.3.1 Topography
 Amritsar is found as a plain area but the walled city of Amritsar is low-lying area as compared to
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 the other area.
4.1.3.2 Soil Type
 Area having sandy soil which is good for construction some industries built on this land this is
mismatch within soil type and building construction.
4.1.3.3 Underground Water
 The depth to reach water in the area ranges from 22-35 mts. below the land surfaces. Groundwater
is lapped by open wells, dug-cum bore well and tubewells.
 The depth of ground water increases year by year. There is no awareness about rain water
harvesting in Amritsar.
4.1.3.4 Wind Direction
 Wind direction of the area is in North East to South West direction due to this there is pollution on
residential area due to industries.
4.1.3.5 Rainfall
 About 75% of the rainfall in the district is received during the period from June to September and
as much as about 18% rainfall occurs during the period from December to February. As the
rainfall is also decreasing so it effects on the water table
4.1.3.6 Vegetation
 Reduction in the green cover in the city due to development in the city
Potentials
4.1.3.1 Soil Type
 Sandy soil is good for construction activities due to better drainage and infiltration capacity.
 4-5 storeys can be easily constructed and the number of storeys can be increased according to the
foundation type
4.1.3.1 Underground water
 There is a need of rainwater harvesting in the town for increase in there ground water level also
need some scientific techniques for water treatment which we reuse the treated water for
irrigation or industrial use.
4.1.3.2 Wind Directon
 Industries should be constructed according to the wind direction of Amritsar
4.1.3.3 Rainfall
 There is a need of rainwater harvesting in the town for increase in there ground water level
4.1.3.4 Vegetation
 Green cover should be provided in the city.

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 4.1.4 HISTORICAL EVOLUTION
Problems
 The growth of the city is unplanned and unauthorized leading to uneconomical use of land.
Potentials
 Amritsar city has historical significance because of presence of tourist and religious places and
well established trade and commerce which helps in boosting the economy of the city.
 In earlier time traders were encouraged to settle in town helping in boosting the economy.
Thus city has become major international trade and commodity centre.
 Amritsar is emerging as major tourist destination with large flow of tourist both from India or
outside
4.1.5 LAND USE
Problems
 The Amritsar is a inorganic settlement pattern
 The land use is not in the standards according to the URDPFI.
 The recreational has only of 2.57 percent which so less and also for the public and semi-public
which is 8.14 percent.
 The circuit which is well connected but congestion along the Ajnala road.
 The land use is incompatible with respect to the industries which are present near the residential
area.
 There is no buffer space around the industries present near the residential area which could leads
to the environment issues.
 Walled city is low lying area.
 Residential area is 56.43 percent which is not according to the standards which is 35-40 percent
needed.

Potentials
 The town is growing towards the outer part so that the congestion in the core area is decreased.
 Circulation area is 15 percent which is according to standards
 Commercial area is 6.17 percent which makes it commercial hub.

4.1.6 DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS

Problems
 Uneven population density can be witnessed, some of the areas have higher population
density specially the core city areas and on the other side most of the areashave low population density.
 The highly populated wards will lead to the pressure on infrastructural facilities and also leads
to the problem of congestion. Wards with the highest population density are 14.24 in the
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 central core area.
 The growth rate of town has huge variation after establishment of Shree cement industry in
1979.Sudden increase in growth rate creates pressure on existing infrastructure.

Potentials
 The study points out that the literacy in Amritsar has considerably improved from 69.30% to 75.22%
during period 2001-2011. The overall increase in literacy rate may be due to improving economic
conditions and expansion of educational facilities in the area.
 Population from nearby villages is shifting to Amritsar due to better educational facilities and
healthcare facilities.

4.1.7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

Problems
 Dependency ratio in the city is high 33% are workers and 67% are non-workers.
 Migrants from rural areas leads to development of slums for their living.

Potentials

 Improved literacy rate can contribute to economic growth, reduce poverty, promote democracy and
increase civic engagement.
 Marginal workers can be transferred in main worker due to a potential of the city.

4.1.8 HOUSING
Problems
 The high dwelling density lead to increase in the number of households and increased pressure on
infrastructure and it is mostly seen in the walled city area and ward no. 23, 44, 46 and 47 having the
high density wards.
 Due to increase in commercial activity in core area, high land value and rental value.
 The housing provide by colonies on the periphery of the city are not affordable for LIG & EWS
population.
 In amritsar, 10.5% of the total population is houseless. This shortage of houses is mainly belongs to
LIG and EWS population.
 Slum settlement is observed near industrial areas, the provision for EWS and LIGhousing
by the government is very less and there are total 64 slums out of which 36 are notified and 28
are un-notified slums.
 Lack of green areas in walled city area.
 In slums there is lack of sanitation facilities like water supply, drainage, Drinking water etc.
There is no public toilet near slums only few of houses having toilet in slum and 27% of the
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 population living in slums is affected by water borne diseases thus leading to poor health.
 40.33% i.e. 28.6sqkm. of the city residential area is unplanned, unauthorized and lacking in
basic infrastructural facilities.
 The most serious problem faced by the inhabitants is risks to life due to low hanging high
tension wires and mesh of wires.
Potentials
 Vertical expansion of the cities can help in catering the future population because of lack of
vacant land within the municipal limits for further developing the housing.
 Availability of existing infrastructure in nearby low-density wards which providescope for
relocation of crowded area.
 The walled city area covered under redevelopment schemes is merely 5.3% of the total
walled city area and 4% of the total area developed under schemes of Amritsar
Improvement Trust.
 By implementing slums schemes , the slums must be upgraded to improve the living condition
of the slums dewellers
 Slums should be shifted to outer area having low density with proper infrastructure tochange
their lifestyle every person having right to live in healthy environment.
4.1.9 INDUSTRY
Problems

 There been 4 industrial zones being marked by pollution board Amritsar that are Jandiala road,
focal point, Cheratta and Batala road zone.

 Cheratta zone and Batala road zone lies in mc limits so they face the restriction for access
during day time. The width of the roads of the industries at Batala road zone is about 20 feet
which is unfit for the industrial transportation.

 More than 50 percent of the industries do not lie in any of the zones and are within the mc limits
which create lots of problems regarding pollution, traffic and health for the surrounding
landuse.

 Industries (dye and Rubber) in and around the walled city release pollutants like sulphur
dioxide and hydrogen sulphide which are very harmful for the buildings (heritage buildings).

 The major part of industries is being flourishing on outerskirts like Jandiala road, Khasa area,
Fatehgarh Churian road but these regions are also lacks the facilities like dedicated freight
corridors, aviation base and other global connectivities.
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  Unavailability of warehouse and storage areas mainly in focal point.

 The industrial growth has slowed down in the past few years. The growth of industrial units
have been found to be varying between 0.31% to 1.23%.
Potentials
 Amritsar has space for future expansion of the industries in the regions like Khasa and Jandiala.
 New SEZs and industrial townships are being proposed in the Khasa area and Jandiala road which
adds to future industrial growth.
 It is easy to do trade with Pakistan from Amritsar being border district.
 Amritsar has strong textile industry base which is in need to get boost in future.

4.1.10 TRADE AND COMMERCE

Problems

 Unsealed drainage and open discharge of sewerage.

 Unpaved Row.
 Encroachment by vendors, unauthorized parking, astray animals.
 Large numbers of hawkers and streets stalls.
 Ongoing construction on and along main roads.
 Informal sector encroachments on roads.
 Loading and unloading along main roads.
 Unplanned old structures.
 Lack of godown and store house or warehouses.
 High traffic volume.
Potentials
 Shopping and commercial areas reflect the economy and the image of city.
 This import and export increases the relation or interaction of Amritsar with other areas which is an
important factor of development for any city.
 Amritsar is famous for the trade of crops mainly for wheat and paddy.

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4.1.11 INFORMAL SECTOR
Problems
 Solid Waste management And Street Light Problem create.Bazaar In The Wall City Have Many
Type Of Problems Like Sewerage, Swm, Parking Etc
 Encroachment By Rehedies, Parking And Shop Extension Is Observed In Every Market GBU 255:
STUDY OF TOWN 26
 Due To These Informal Reheries Problem Are Creates Like Traffic Problem, No Way For The
Movement Of Pedestrians And Parking.
 Common Problem Faced By Commercial Area Of The City Are Sewerage, Parking, Swm, And
Street Infrastructure
 Encroachment By Rehedies, Parking And Shop Extension Is Observed In Every Market
 In Putligarh Market Is More Congestion Thats Why Traffic Problem Is Created.
 Mall Road And Lawrence Road And Ranjit Avenue B-D Block. Area Sitting Places Is Not Provide.
 Hall Bazaar, Mall Road And Ranjit Avenue public Toilets Facilities Is Not Provide.
 Some Of The Places Lack Of Street Infrastructure Like Benches, Streets Lights, Dustbins.
 The Disposables Sites And Dustbins Places They Have Bad Impact On Environment. So Thats Why
Unhygienic Conditions Creates.
Potentials
 Most of the population is engaged in commercial activities in Amritsar which acts as a potential
for the employment for generation.
 Some of markets like Idh market and crystal chownk market is planned.
 Reduction in road width and most encroachment is found inside the wall city by these activities.
 Some of the markets have no encroachment.
 Encroachment on the footpath which creates the problem for the freely movement of pedestrian
on footpaths.
 Mall Road And Lawarance Road And Ranjit Avenue B-D Block. These All Area Is Planned So
Thats Why Infrastructure Is Provide There.
 There is the problem of garbage in the whole area of ram bagh chowk, vegetable market
dustbins is provide for dispose of solid waste,
 In Some Of The Markets Infrastructure Is Proper Like Benches, Dustbins. For The Movement
Of Pedesterians And Parking.
 Informal sector results in the formation of overall shabby look of the area.
 Encroachment and on-street parking are the major outcomes of the concentration of Informal
Sector which leads to the reduction in effective road width hence leading to congestion and
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 other traffic related problems. Some of the markets have sewerage, solid waste management and
water supply system is proper like pink plaza and mmm road.
 Some of roads have parking facilities like lawrance road, mmm road and ranjit avenue b-d
block.
 It gives the employment and helps in increasing the household income.
 The necessary commodities or products are made available at the door step.
 Goods are available at very cheap rate then the formal sectors.
4.1.12 LAND VALUE
Problems

 Land value is higher in the center which leads to establishment of more commercialareas and
make it congested by traffic.
 Land value near the h a r g o b i n d p u r a , d a n a m a n d h i e t c is low due to prenece of
railway line and presence of slum which is also affecting the environment.
 Some wards have low land value due to unplanned colonies and absence ofinfrastructure
facilities.
 Migrants from rural areas form slums which is decreasing the land value
Potentials
 Land value is higher in the center so there is a chance of decentralization of activities which in
turn will put less pressure on the center.
 Along the Ajnala road government has a hand in increasing rate of land. Its because of the
government infrastructure which led to development in that area along Ajanala road.
 Planned colonies and provision of facilities increases the land value.
4.1.13 LANDOWNERSHIP
Problems
 90.91% of the land comes under private sector.
 In Amritsar city there is 2179 acres government land which covers mainly cantonment area and
built area(government offices).

Potentials
 8.13% of LPA area is under residential use and only 2.13% under government use and approx.
84 % comes under agriculture land.
 The Government can go for the slum rehabilitation and can help in better development of the
slums area under the VAMBHAY (valmiki ambedkar awas yojana).

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4.1.14 TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION
Problems
 Number of private vehicles on roads increasing because of poor condition of public transport system
and also affordability of people for buying vehicles is increasing which has led to maximum traffic
congestions in the city
 Ajnala road though has less traffic volume as compared to other cordon points but its capacity is not
much that could this much traffic also thus its V/C ratio came out to be 1.2 which is over utilized and
this road carry the traffic of all the local streets. Over utilization of this road led to congestion,
accidents, delay and pollution.
 Roads are encroached by informal sector because the street vendors are not provided with separate
space because of this the path for pedestrians as well as for vehicles get blocked.
 There are many critical junctions such as Kacheri chowk, Hussianpura chowk etc. present in the city.
The chances of occurrence of accidents in these junctions are very high due to absence and non-
working of traffic signals.
Potentials:
 High degree of rail, road and air accessibility with all major destinations of the country.
 NH1- and NH-15 is passing through Amritsar making it better connectivity with other areas.
 Public transport is similar to auto-rickshaws and cycle rickshaws which takes the people to nearby
places.
4.1.15 PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
Problems
4.1.15.1 Water Supply
 Since the city is developing in concentric circles ,therefore the fringe area is not served with water
supply.
 Absence of water treatment plant in Amritsar.
 Poor maintenance of service network.
 20% of the population and area not covered by water supply network in Amritsar.
 Wastage of water due to unmetered water supply.
4.1.15.2 Sewerage
 55% of the area is unserved by sewerage network.
 Use of drains/water bodies for disposal of untreated sullage.
 Absence of recycling and reuse of waste water techniques.
 Poor maintenance and upkeep of existing network, especially in the Walled City.

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4.1.15.3 Solid Waste Management
 No segregation and treatment methods are available.
 Bins are not maintained properly , bins are either overutilized or underutilized.
 No formal segregation is there , therefore various type of waste gets mixed with each
other.
 Transportation vehicles are outdated and uncovered in nature.
 Disposal site is overflowing and the land use around disposal site is adversely
affected.
4.1.15.4 Electricity
 The City faces problems related to electricity due to its inadequate supply.
 The wires are in not very good condition rather have many joints and are hanging downwards
which can cause any major hazard related to fire .
 Location of fire stations-The fire stations are 4 in number out of which one lies near cantonment
and the other 3 lies within and near walled city. Thus the problem lies when delay occurs for
reaching the accident area.
 Poor Maintenance of street lights and wires.
4.1.15.5 Drainage
 Only 10% of the area is covered by drainage network that is Walled City.
 Water logging problem in different areas.
 Drains are used for discharging untreated domestic and industrial effluent.
 Lack of new techniques, such as rainwater harvesting, which can help in conserving the water.
Potentials
4.1.15.1 Water Supply
 80% of population and area is covered.
 The area which is not served includes most of the agricultural land.
4.1.15.2 Electricity
 The core area of the town is completely served with all the infrastructure facilities.
 There is a direct supply of electricity to the industries and the surrounding areas through the
electric substation provided at focal point.
4.1.16 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
Problems
 Traffic congestion and parking problem is caused by some of the colleges and hospitals which are
located in the narrow streets and road.
 Facilities distribution pattern is such that city fringe areas lack in the medical infrastructure.
 The facilities are not adequate as well as unevenly distributed.
26 | P a g e
  The problem is not mere of public versus private, but this trend will lead to a gap widening between rich
and poor. So facilities must have adequate government share so that population from all segments of
society will have easy access (Govt. is having 1% share in comparison to private health facilities)
 Hospitals with in walled city alongside residential uses create parking problems and land use violation.
 75% of the shopkeepers do not have access to the public toilets in the showrooms, eating outlets etc
Potentials
 These University & colleges act as regional level colleges i.e. the influence area of these colleges is at
national level, state level and LPA level. So, these facilities act as potential for the Amritsar city.
 Most of the hospitals and nursing homes are private players and they serve the area beyond the city too.
 Banks serve 85% of city and also the population living outside the city.
 Socio cultural facilities act as regional level facilities i.e. the influence area of these facilities is at state
level and within LPA region. So, it is potential for the city that population of state and within LPA
region is dependent on these facilities i.e. more number of tourists attracted towards Amritsar.
4.1.17 URBAN DESIGN
Problems
 The Amritsar forms segmental urban pattern and ring shape.
 Skyline is not uniform in walled city and buildings have height of g+1, g+2.
 The old architectural character of the town has not been maintained.
 There is shortage of parking spaces in the main commercial areas which createstraffic
problems, congestion and spoil the streetscape.
 Lack of Built-open relationship.
 Big advertisement hoardings make hinderance between the architectural feature and the viewer,
completely destroying the skyline and streetscape.
 Various commercial nodes are very congested because of the encroachment and informal sector
which leads to congestion and spoiling the Image of the city.
Potentials
 Amritsar is the city with radial development of roads
 Ranjit Avenue, Green Avenue, Lawrence Road etc. are well designed with respect to buildings
byelaws and zoning regulations.
 Khalsa College and Guru Nanak Dev University, they both are maintained and properly
landscaped. In these structure the balance between mass and voids are maintained.
 As town has a monotonous skyline due to presence of 1-2 storey buildings, which canbe
improved by providing a bit higher structures eventually saving the open spaces.
 There are the strong linkages between the activities and the people. And can beimproved
by providing pathways on new roads.
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 4.1.18 TOURISM
Problems
 Tourist accommodation-The present occupancy ratio of some hotels in city is exceeding 100%. This
shows that there is demand for more hotels in the city. Amritsar needs good quality accommodation
for the tourists.
 There is less number parking in the wall city, that which majority of tourist spots have clustered.
 Commercialization- Places like golden temple, Jallianwala Bagh, Durgiana mandir etc. which are the
main tourist attraction and attracts most of the tourist arriving Amritsar, so people have started to
commercialize the space around the complex. Because of this chaotic situation has developed
resulting in loss in aesthetics of the place.
 Gurudwara Baba Deep Singh shaheeda and Ramsar has lack of parking problems. People park their
vehicle own road, which has creates the congestion of traffic.
Potentials
 The city is an important landmark when it comes to religious destinations, cultural heritage,
national integrity of India and India‟s struggle for independence from British rule in the early
20th century.
 The tourist spots have a architecture structure that the tourists attracts, such as bazaars, kuchas,
katra and mohals which has leads to narrow street patterns and dead ends of streets (for safety).
 Large number of Tourist inflow contributes to city economy.
4.1.19 CONSERVATION AND HERITAGE
Problems
 The 12 gates are in dilapidated condition.
 Facade features of old buildings in walled city does not compliment the new built buildings.
PotentialS
 Important Landmarks such as Guru Nanak Dev University, Khalsa college, are still in giood
condition due to timely renovations and maintenance.
 Amritsar‟s rich heritage helps in maintaining the economy of city.
 Various Melas are still in existence and are helping in the conservation of rich culture of Punjab

4.1.20 DISASTER MANAGEMENT

Problems
 In walled city there is Regular occurrence of fire. The main reason for such regular fire
occurrence is non-implementation of fire safety norms as part of building byelaws. Because of
non-implementation of bye laws it leads to huge loss to human and property life
 Risk of human disaster increases in walled city as houses and buildings are in deteriorated
28 | P a g e
 condition.
Potentials:
 32 wards in the city are under low risk of disaster. The following are the wards which are under
low risk :
1,4,5,6,7,15,16,17,31,30,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,23,25,29,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,51

Map 1: Problems
29 | P a g e
Map 2: Potentials

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CHAPTER: 5 – VISION AND OBJECTIVES & CONCEPTUALPLAN
The vision refers to the capacity of envisaging the future of any particular aspect and plan
accordingly. It is an aspirational description of what an organization would like to achieve or
accomplish in the mid-term or long-term future. It is intended to serve as a clear guide for choosing
current and future courses of action. It is completely philosophical way of describing the work area,
the way it would come out after being planned.
A conceptual plan is prepared based on the vision in which broad location of land uses and broadly
proposed activities have been shown. In order to resolve problem and enhance functionality of the
town in next 20 years.
5.1 VISION
To develop town as a hub of trade and commerce so that bigger variety of products for the local
population, Companies can expand their target market, Companies can buy cheap resources from
countries with weak currencies. Low production costs. Trade partners can support each other.
To promote industries by which which workforce can be increased. Industrialization creates new job
opportunities, resulting to reduction of poverty to a great extent. It generates employment opportunities
by developing industries for the people. At the same time, the usual areas that you can count on to
increase business often are reduced in a tough economic environment.Provide affordable housing.
5.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE
Each objective is set in order to make the town livable:
1. Improving the condition of slums under Rehabilitation VAMBHAY scheme.
2. Increasing number of textile industries and promoting IT hub.
3. Providing the infrastructure to informal sector.
4. To increase the recreational area in the city.

5.3 CONCEPTUAL PLAN

A conceptual plan is a not to scale drawing to help provide a concept of what will fit on the site. It
provides a starting point to help begin discussion.
The theory which is adopted for the conceptual plan of Amritsar is Sector theory .
5.3.1 SECTOR THEORY
Sector theory is a model of urban development proposed by Homer Hoyt. The sector model of urban
growth occurs in sectors that radiate out from a city's central business district(CBD). The sectors
radiate out like pie shaped wedges from the central business district.
Each wedge shaped sector that emanates from a central business district represents a specific land
use, and consequently represents a distinct area of land values. Land uses are various grades of either
commercial or residential.
31 | P a g e
The wedges in the sector model of urban development separate one land use from another. A wealthy
residential sector may be separated from an industrial sector by a residential sector that is lower in
income. However each sector is driven by transportation to the central business district.

Figure 4: Sector theory

5.3.2 SIGNIFICANCE
 Stress on the role of transport routes in affecting the spatial arrangement of the city.
 Both the distance and direction of growth from the city center are considered.
 Brings location of industrial and environmental amenity values as determinants in a residential place.
 Example: Sectors of high-class residential areas tend to grow towards higher grounds, sites with a
better view, more open space, the homes of influential leaders within the community and existing
outlying, smaller settlements.

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Map 3: Conceptual plan

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 CHAPTER: 6 - PROJECTIONS AND REQUIREMENTS

This chapter will cover the various projections which will cover demographic projections such as
population and workforce projections. On the other hand, it will also cover the requirements related to
land, land use, and housing. The projections and requirements will act as the base for the further
proposals.
6.1 PROJECTION
6.1.1 POPULATION PROJECTIONS
Geometric increase method
This method is based on the assumption that percentage increase in population from decade to decade
remains constant.
Assumptions:
It is assumed that the population will increase with a positive growth rate in future. In last five decades‟
population increasing with decreasing growth rate due to increase in out migration, lack of employment
opportunities and infrastructure and will change in future. With the establishmentof industries, institutes
and the commercial activity the more population will be attracted, and thepopulation will be increasing at
increasing growth rate. The assumed growth rate of 2021 is 25.04%, as per past trends it is vision to
increase Population in the town and prevent outflow of the population by increasing the industrial base &
creating employment opportunities and with better infrastructure.
The Government policies in the town for coming up of Physical infrastructure (Water supply &
Sewerage) & Social Infrastructure (schools, hospitals etc.) will make living conditions better in the town
& attract population.
Table 8: Incremental and growth rate

Year Population Incremental Growth rate

1951 336114 - -

1961 390055 53941 16.04

1971 454805 64750 16.60

1981 594844 140039 30.79

1991 708835 113991 19.16

2001 1003917 295082 41.62

2011 1132383 128466 12.79

So, population projection for population residing in the municipal limit of the city has been also
projected as shown in figure.
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p=P {1+ (GR/100)} N
 P = previous year population
GR=growth rate
N= decadal time
Table 9: Projected population

Year Projected population Projected growth rate

1132383(1+25.04/100)*1
2021 Assuming 25.04
=1415931.70 =1415932
1415932(1+26.21/100)*1
2031 Assuming 26.21
=1786507
1786507 (1+27.14/100)*1
2041 Assuming 27.14
=2271364.99 = 2271365
Source: Computed values and District Census Handbook, Amritsar.
As per the assumptions the calculations for the projections for the Population are framed for the next 20
years by using Geometric Increase Method. Here in the above (Table) P refers to the Existing Population,
whereas N as Time and GR as Growth Rate. Population of 2021 is 1415932 and projected Population of
2041 is 2271365.
NOTE: We have calculated population projections of 2021 by taking 2011 as the base year and the
projections of 2041 are calculated by taking 2021 and 2031 as the base years.
6.1.2 LOCAL PLANNING AREA PROJECTIONS
Arithmetical Increase Method
This method is used when the population is increasing at the constant rate or the rate of change of population
with the time is constant.
PN= P+N * C
P=Present population, N= Number of decades
C= Average increase in population, PN= Future population
Table 10-LPA projections for 2021 .

Year Population Increase in population Year Projected population

(C)

1981 957761 - 2021 (2014626+1*352288)

=2366914
1991 1057170 99409

2001 1660466 603296 The LPA population for year 2021

according to arithmetical increase method
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2011 2014626 354160
 Total 5390023 352288 =2366914
NOTE: We have calculated local planning are population projections of 2021 by taking 2011 as the base
year.
Table 11-LPA projections of 2041

Year Population Increase in population Year Projected population

(C)

1981 957761 - 2041 (2366914+2*352288)

=3071490
1991 1057170 99409

2001 1660466 603296 The LPA population for year 2041

according to arithmetical increase
2011 2014626 354160 method =3071490

2021 2366914 352288

Total 352288

NOTE: The projections of 2041 are calculated by taking 2021 and 2031 as the base years.

6.1.3 WORKFORCE PROJECTIONS

Table 12: Existing workforce

Year Primary Secondary Tertiary Total Total Population

Workforce

1981 8415 (27.7%) 5376(17.7%) 16531(54.5%) 30322 594844

1991 17008(26.6%) 483(0.7%) 46293(72.5%) 63784 708835

2001 7405(2.5%) 12100(4.14%) 272271(93.3%) 291776 1003917

2011 14044(3.71%) 16710(4.4%) 347352(91.8%) 378106 1132383

Assumed per cent of primary sector: 20%. Therefore, 20/100*1207632=241526. Assumed per cent of
secondary sector: 50% because the vision is focusing on increasing industries. Therefore,
50/100*1207632=603816 Assumed per cent of tertiary sector: 30%, 30/100*1207632=362289

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Table 13: Workforce increment and growth rate

Year Workforce Increment Growth rate

1981 179282 -

1991 213459 34177 19.06

2001 310961 97502 45.67

2011 428364 117403 49.67

GEOMETRIC INCREASE METHOD

Workforce projections with geometric increase method.
Table 14: Workforce projection

Year Projected Workforce Growth rate

2021 428364(1+51.78/100)*1 = 650170 51.78

2031 650170(1+53.67/100)*1 =999116 53.67

2041 999116(1+55.41/100)*1= 1207632 55.41

The city has potential of boosting economy both from tertiary and secondary sector as city is historical place
and has many tourist destinations. Around 1lakh tourist (approx) comes to city every day because of this
employment opportunities increases which attract people to do avail employment opportunity. Also, city has
potential regarding industries. By increasing number of industries (which is our vision) employment
opportunities will increase this way the secondary sector will also increase thus economy of city will boost
thus workforce of city will increase.
NOTE: We have calculated workforce projections of 2021 by taking 2011 as the base year. The workforce
projections of 2041 are calculated by taking 2021 and 2031 as the base years.

6.2 REQUIREMENTS

6.2.1 LAND USE REQUIREMENTS

The land use requirement is done on the basis of the density of the population and requirements of
the infrastructure for the town.

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 2011 2021 Proposed(2041) Additional U.R.D.P.F.I
Guidelines
Area

COMPONENTS Area Percentage Area Percentage Area Percentage Area Percentage

(Acre) (Acre) (Acre) (Acre)

Residential 10489 51.79 14527 53.52 26420 63.07 11893 35-40

Commercial 971 4.78 1675 6.17 2900 6.94 1225 4-5

Industrial 1099 5.41 1334 4.91 2228 5.33 894 12-14

Public/Semi- 1823 8.9 2211 8.14 2211 5.29 - 14-16

Public

Recreational 306 1.50 691 2.57 1322 3.16 631 20-25

Circulation 3429 16.89 4526 16.7 4526 11 - 15-18

Government 2179 10.73 2179 8.02 2179 5.21 -

Land
Total 20296 100 27143 100 41786 100 100

Table 15: Landuse requirement

Basis and Assumptions

Residential :
• Population increases because the city will grow so adequate housing is required to fulfil the demands
of increasing population.

• To avoid the scattered development and slums, so enough land has been provided in the residential.

• Also provision of housing and housing shortage can be removed.

Commercial:
• City needs a planned informal sector.

Industries :
• As per vision, to boost the economy industrial area is proposed.

Recreational:
• To give planned open spaces and parks for creating a pleasant environment.

Government Land:
• Cantonment area comes under the government land.
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 • According to our vision we have propose additional area for Residential, Commercial, Industrial and
Recreational.

• The percentage of residential area increased from 53.525% to 63.07%, commercial percentage
increased from 6.17% to 6.94%, percentage for industrial increased from 4.91% to 5.33 whereas
recreational percentage increased from 2.57% to 3.16%

6.2.2 HOUSING
The housing requirements are calculated as per the different income class groups i.e. HIG, MIG, LIG
and EWS. The household size is assumed i.e. 5. Further HIG, MIG, LIG and EWS detailed given
below
Table 16: Housing requirement
Income Total Area Required
Percentage Population No. of HH Area of plot
Groups Area (Sqm) Area (Ha)
(Sqm)
HIG 20 454273 90854 325 75711 2460
MIG 50 1135682 227136 225 189280 4258
LIG 22 499700 99940 120 83283 999
EWS 8 181709 36341 75 30284 227
Total 100 2271365 454271 7944

Source: computed value, 2041.

There are already 55986 Households in 2021 and 154616 are the total housing demand. We can conclude
that 10962 ha is total area to be required for housing which includes 18% of circulation area, 20% of park
area and 7944 of housing area.
Bases for projection are 2271365 Population are projected and the family size is considering 5 according to
the town scenario than we calculate the number of household and after that we calculate no of houses by
considering DUR 1.2 and we proposed high density for lower class and low density for higher class because
high class live in plots and low class live in flats.
6.2.3 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE REQUIREMENTS
The existing and the present scenario of the town is shown in the table below.
Table 17 :Existing no. of Colleges in Amritsar & Comparison with UDPFI Standard
University/college Existing no. Colleges in UDPFI std. Observations
LPA
University 1 - 1 for 1lakh Surplus
Medical colleges 2 - population
Dental colleges 2 -
Engineering colleges 5 -
Nursing colleges 9 -
B.ED colleges 2 - 39 | P a g e
 MBA colleges 5 -
Polytechnic colleges 2 3
Distance education center 4 -
Other colleges 10 5
SOURCE: Amritsar Master Plan, UDPFI standards
Table18: Socio Cultural Facilities In Amritsar
Facilities Existing no. UDPFI std.(pop.) Observations
Art gallery 2 1 FOR 1, 25,000 DEFICIENT
Public library 4 1 FOR 15000 DEFICIENT
Drama theatre 2 1 FOR 1,00,000 DEFICIENT
Auditorium 1 1 FOR 1,00,000 DEFICIENT
Cinema halls 12 1 FOR 10,000 DEFICIENT
Museums 2 - -
SOURCE: Amritsar Master Plan 2010-2031, UDPFI standards.

Table 19:Existing no. of Hospitals & Comparison with Standards

Sr Medical hospitals Existing UDPFI std. Observations
no no.
1 General hospital up to 500 beds 4 1 for 2.5 Deficient
lakh
2 Intermediate hospital (A) up to 100 beds 4 1 for 1 lakh Deficient
3 Intermediate hospital (B) up to 50 beds 47 1 for 1 lakh Surplus
4 Maternity centre 7 1 for 1 lakh Deficient
(Source:- UDPFI guidelines, www.hospitalkhoj.com, www.yellowpages.com, district census handbook
Table 20: Regional Level Hospitals
Regional level hospital Influence area (250-300kms)
Fortis escort Jalandhar, Gurdaspur, Jammu & Kashmir, Batala, Tarn Taran
etc
Guru Nanak Dev hospital Batala, tarn Taran, Baba Bakala etc
Kakkar Cancer hospital Himachal, Jammu & Kashmir, Haryana, Gurdaspur, Batala etc

Hargun hospital Jammu & Kashmir, Beas, Rayya etc

Guru Ram Dass dental institute cum Jalandhar, Rayya etc
hospital
Surjit multispecialty & cancer hospital Jandiala, Rayya, Tarn Taran, Batala, Himachal, Haryana etc
Amandeep hospital Gurdaspur, Jammu & Kashmir, Batala, Jalandhar, Beas etc

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6.2.4 INDUSTRY REQUIREMENT
Table 21:Projected workforce

Year Projected Workforce Growth rate

2021 428364(1+51.78/100)*1= 650170 51.78

2031 650170(1+53.67/100)*1=999116 53.67

2041 999116(1+55.41/100)*1= 1207632 55.41

Basis:
Since 1991 about 200 units have been already closed down leaving more than 8000 workers jobless in
industries , it is estimated that another 175 units may also close down due to import of clothes and Covid-19.
That‟s why we proposing more of textile and I.T industry
Table 22: Types of industries
Industry Percentage of existing Percentage of Proposed area (Acre)
industry proposed industry

Red industry 54% 40% 622

Orange industry 5.80% 5% 135

Green industry 39.4% 6% 147

Total Area 894

• Textile industry : Textile industry primarily concerned with design, production and distribution of
clothes, yarn and clothing. Because of the high tourist inflow and demand of traditional clothing in
Amritsar, so we will propose these industry.
• I.T industry : I.T industry is comprised of companies that produce software, hardware, or
semiconductor equipment or companies that provide internet or related services. I.T sector is
considered to be a major factor for economic development, in the addition , it also helps in growth of
service sector and provide employment to innumerable men and women.

Table 23 :Distribution of Industries

Sr. no Location Red Orange Green

1 Focal Point Zone 141 26 103
2 Mohan Vihar 7 1 15
3 Rajinder Nagar 9 2 41 | P7a g e
4 Daburji 23 0 14
5 Jandiala 46 2 51
6 Tarn Taran Road 57 0 48
7 Fatehgarh Churian Road 22 0 20
8 Sultan Wind Road 39 0 34
9 Mannawala 5 0 3
10 East Mohan Nagar 137 11 135
11 Batala Road 89 7 39
12 Ajnala Road 42 1 19
13 Rampura Road 14 2 17
14 Majitha Road 34 1 32
15 Cheratta Industrial Estate 38 9 29
16 Ram Tirath Road 11 0 10
17 Attari Road 7 1 9
18 Kashmir Road 4 1 7
19 Islamabad 27 7 22
20 Putlighar 11 2 10
21 Chabal Road 17 0 19
22 Vallah 9 0 12
23 Four Field 15 0 16
24 Khasa 6 1 2
25 Verka Road 14 2 4
26 Khankot Road 12 0 9
27 Loharka Road 7 2 3
28 Anngarh 23 0 6
29 Sultanwind Gate 32 5 2
30 Hakimawala Gate 17 11 5
31 Chattiwind Gate 11 7 4
32 Bhagtanwala Gate 19 0 2
33 Bhikhiwind Gate 3 0 0
34 Lohgarh Gate 2 3 2
35 Lahori Gate 3 1 0
36 Mahn Singh Gate 2 0 0
37 Ram Bagh Gate 2 0 0
38 Khazana Gate 1 0 0
39 Katra Baghian 1 0 0
40 Ram Talai 5 0 0
41 Ghee Mandi 17 0 0
42 Mishri Bazaar 6 0 4
43 Sattowala Bazaar 1 0 0
44 Karam Singh Katra 2 0 0
Total 990 105 714

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 SECTION: 7 – PROPOSALS & RECOMMENDATIONS –2041

In this chapter the proposals will be given based on the projected population of the town, which is
required for the future population up to 20 years (20401). The proposals will be given to required aspects
and sub aspects of master plan.
7.1 HOUSING
On the basis of the projected population and the increase in the housing needs.
 The housing in the town is to keep in a authorized form and initiating the morebyelaws in
the town.
 The housing is proposed in the town with respect to the population of the futurepopulation
and demand of the town.
 The housing demand for the population of 2040 is of 154616 houses.
 Housing should be provided under pradhan mantri awas yojna, as total invested amount was 358
crores in which 103.34 crores assistance has been sanctioned under which a total of 40.46 crores
assistance has been released.
 Slum rehabilation is done under the scheme Valmiki ambedkar awas yojana in which 1400 one room
tenements is being conntructed under VAMBAY scheme which costs rs 103000000
Following tables show the housing requirement and identify the location of the proposal.
Table 24 :Housing requirement
Class Existing Area of Assumed % plot % flat Plots flat Area Area Total
% one plot % of flats of plot area
(assumed)
(sq.m
HIG 25 325 20 100 - 75711 - - 2460 2460

MIG 55 225 50 100 - 189280 - - 4258 4258

LIG 18 120 22 - 100 - 83283 999 - 999

EWS 2 75 8 - 100 - 30284 227 - 227

Table 25: location identification

R1 R1 depicts the proposed HIG housing, LOCATION: proposed along ajnala road because of high
land value i.e easily affordable by high class groups.
R2 R2 depicts the proposed MIG housing, LOCATION: R2 is proposed near the golden gate side
area because this area is developing area and with the flow of growth, the landvalue also seems
ok and easily affordable by the middle class group.
R3/R4 R3 and R4 depicts the proposed LIG and EWS housing, LOCATION: R3 & R4 is proposed near
the industrial area where land value is low and also travel cost will be low.
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Map 4: Proposed housing

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 7.2 TRADE AND COMMERCE
Trade and commerce in Amritsar the hierarchy of shops has not followed. The reason behind it may
be population factor or because of non-existence of early town planning. Shops and markets are
unplanned in pattern and hierarchical shops like convenience shop, district centers are missing.
Therefore, as population will expand in next two decade we have to necessarily correct this problems
and propose shops according to norms and standers.

The projected population for Amritsar in 2041 is 234102 (geometric method) and 20637 (arithmetic
method) and accordingly we have proposed various shopping center which will serve the whole
population in 2040.

Following are the proposal for Trade and commerce for 2040 taking 2020 as base and existing case;
 Improving the old infrastructure an providing the new infrastructure to the trade centers.
 To upgrade the Mandi bazaar.
 To provide and maintain efficient transport service among these proposed locations.
These proposals are guided on the following basis for which the need of these proposals are

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Table 5: Proposed informal area

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7.3 INDUSTRY

In the context with the earlier studies the industrial profile of amritsar city is declining day by
day. The spatial analysis highlights that except industrial focal points which are considered as
planned schemes, industries are scattered all along the major corridors of development. Industries
scattered all over in Amritsar city, which creates problem of non-compatibility as well as pollution.
There is an urgent need to develop industries in a comprehensive manner, they should have specific
zone with all state of art infrastructure needs to be identified. After the brief study of the town's
industrial prevalence in the town following proposals has been made they are;

 Setting up of new textile and IT (Information Technology) industries in amritsar.

 Provison of buffer zone in focal point.
 Compulsion of filters for the industries that produce harmfull pollutants

Setting of new textile and IT industries is one of the major proposal of our study. As the existing industry of
amritsar city was only 5.35 % and according to URDPFI standards it should be 12 to 14%. The land
proposed is in mandiala, bohad,ban khurd, chaba, gil wali and warpal. The total land proposed is 894 acres ,
from which 60% of the land will be for textile industries and other 40% for IT sector. The proposed industry
comes under the red category so it is proposed in the wind ward direction (north east to south west ) so that
it will not effect the residential area. Setting up of new industries will not only help in the growth of
economy but also will provide employment to large no of workers .As according to the projections the
workforce will increase upto 55.41% because the population in 2041 would be 2271365.
Table 26 :Projected Workforce

Year Projected Workforce Growth rate

2021 428364(1+51.78/100)*1 = 650170 51.78

2031 650170(1+53.67/100)*1 =999116 53.67

2041 999116(1+55.41/100)*1= 1207632 55.41

Since 1991 about 200 units have been already closed down leaving more than 8000 workers jobless in
industries , it is estimated that another 175 units may also close down due to import of clothes and Covid-19.
That‟s why we proposing more of textile and I.T industry
• Textile industry : Textile industry primarily concerned with design, production and distribution of
clothes, yarn and clothing. Because of the high tourist inflow and demand of traditional clothing in
Amritsar, so we will propose these industry.
47 | P a g e
• I.T industry : I.T industry is comprised of companies that produce software, hardware, or
semiconductor equipment or companies that provide internet or related services. I.T sector is
considered to be a major factor for economic development, in the addition , it also helps in growth of
service sector and provide employment to innumerable men and women.

Table 6: Proposed industrial

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 7.4 PARKS AND OPEN SPACES
Parks and Open spaces in town or any city are considered as lungs of the town/city. These breathable
spaces are required in cities to make them livable and more over happy. In the town there is requirement
of sub city level parks as breathable spaces for the town because Amritsar is a metropolitan city. Also
district parks are needed in different newly developed areas or proposed areas for healthy and happy
environment. According to standards we need 20-25 percent area and we achieve 2.57 percent of the
developed area in existing landuse (2021). Proposed area of parks and open spaces is 1322 acre which is
3.16 percent of the total developed area of 2041 year.

Proposed Recreational Area

Recreational Components Components in Number Total Area

Neighbourhood Play Area 2 7.4 Acre

Parks and Playgrounds 2 4.9 Acre

District Park 2 123 Acre

Sub City Park 2 494 Acre

Total 8 630 Acre

1. Existing recreational area of Amritsar is 692 Acre which is 2.57% of total build up.
2. There are mainly three recreational spaces namely, Ram Bagh Garden located in the north
the city Gol Bagh and Saktri Bagh in the south of the city.
3. All recreational area proposed is within the M.C. limit.
4. Proposed recreational area for 2041 is 630 Acre.
5. After proposed recreational area would be 1322 Acre or 3.16% of the total buildup area.
6. One sub city park of cultural and sports has been proposed near Verka bypass road.
7. One sub city park has been proposed near Gurudwara Bohri road passing through
Haripura main road.

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Map 7: Proposed recreational

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7.5 TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION
Improving intersection of Kacheri Chowk:
The map is depicting the various means by which the intersection of Kacheri chowk will be improved
because it is the most critical junction of the city and where maximum number of chances accidents are there
which can be fatal accidents also. The whole stretch i.e. Kacheri chowk is further divided into various sub
stretches which are Mall road, Ajnala road, Rani ka bagh, Cantonment area, Court road, and Circular road.
Then the condition of traffic signs, signage board and signals were studied. Following signs were included in
the study: Lane marking in order to direct the vehicles, Pedestrian crossing to help pedestrian cross the road,
Arrow to guide the direction of turn, and stop line to stop the vehicles. But in majority of stretches other than
lane marking none of other signs are present and also the lane marking is faded except in circular road where
it is good condition. So because of all these signages absent from this junction it becomes very difficult for
public to derive the vehicles in this intersection especially at night. Overall seeing the road condition, the
roads are good but broken roads at turn leading to accidents. The footpaths are broken and no availability of
road side infrastructure. So in order to reduce accidents from this junctions street lights are marked in every
road stretch along with traffic signals and various traffic signages are also introduce which includes:
pedestrian walking board, no parking and parking signage board, turning prohibited etc. These signage
board on which stretch to be implemented are marked by alphabets. Also table regrading critical junctions is
also there. Various junctions were identified and then no. of accidents occurred on those junction s were also
identified and then ranking were given and as per ranking critical junctions were found. This proposal will
come under Punjab road safety rules which has following provisions: To impart knowledge of traffic rules
and create awareness among public and to provide equipment and vehicles for enforcement and controlling
road accidents. For financing this proposal MCA will be responsible. MCA will finance this proposal from
its own sources which include property taxes, advertisement taxes. Additionally municipal development
fund can be utilised as well
Refer map no. 8

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Map 8: Proposed improving intersection of Kacheri chowk
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The map is depicting the redesigning of Ajnala road. The main purpose for redesigning of Ajnala road is its
problem of non-handling the minimum capacity of traffic also. As per traffic volume survey though its
volume did not came out to be more than other but it was also not able to handle that much traffic also
because its VC ratio came out to be 1.3 and LOS level F. so cross section of Ajnala road is redesigned i.e. it
is proposed. The existing cross section included two footpath each of 1.5 m on either side, two service lane
of 3 meter each on both sides, two carriage way of 7 metres and a median of 3m and two unpaved boulevard
of 1.5m each on both sides. But the proposed cross section includes two footpaths each of 2 meters on both
sides, two parking of 3.5m on both sides, two carriage way of 7m is also provided on both sides and median
of 1.5m is also proposed. All the street vendors and other types of encroachment etc. will be removed from
the road so that smooth flow of traffic can be achieved and the LOS level of this road can be improved. This
proposal will come under Punjab road safety rules which has following provisions: To impart knowledge of
traffic rules and create awareness among public and to provide equipment and vehicles for enforcement and
controlling road accidents. For financing this proposal MCA will be responsible. MCA will finance this
proposal from its own sources which include property taxes, advertisement taxes. Additionally municipal
development fund can be utilised as well
Refer map no.9

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Map 9:Proposed road design of Ajnala road

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1. Road network
Amritsar is well connected at regional level with the road network. NH -1 connects the city to Jallandhar
through Beas towards the Eastern side and NH-15 links the region with Tarn Taran District towards
Southern side. These two national highways connect the city to other nearby urban centres. The city also has
a good linkage to Lahore, Pakistan through Wagha Border towards the west direction.
Cross sections
a) Fatehgarh Churian road

The above cross section is of Fatehgarh Churian road. The road has 4 lanes and has a median of 1.5meters,
carriage way of 7 meters each on both sides with footpath of 3.5 meters each.
b) Tarn Taran road

The above cross section is of Taran road. This road is also a 4-lane divided road with 2-meter median, 9
meters each carriage way on either side of road, unpaved space of 3.5 on either road and footpath of only
2meter is present on left side of the road.

c) Batala road

55 | P a g e
Batala Road has the same road geometry and same cross-sectional elements with BRTS corridor. Batala
Road have a BRTS corridor of 4m, carriage way of 7 meters on either side, unpaved space of 3.5 meters and
footpath of 2m on either side of the road.
d) Ajnala road

Ajnala road is a 4-lane divided road with 3meters median, 7 meters carriage way width on either side. It also
has 1.5 meters each unpaved space on both sides with service lane of 3meters each on both sides with
addition to footpath of 1.5 meters each on both sides of the road
Table no. 25 Road hierarchy

56 | P a g e
Map 10:Road network

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 SECTION: 8 – PHASING

Phasing is done to have the vision of development in next 20 years in various stages. The
development is divided into four phases; each phase has a time period of 5 years. The phasing is
done keeping in mind the problems and potentials of the city priority wise such that the problems can
be solved by using the potentials, so that potentials can help us in generating economy in shape of
returns and that returns will somehow use in next phase. The phasing programme for implementing
the Master Plan has been developed considering the locations, present development pattern, direction
of growth, availability of public lands, priority, nature and scale of facilities and the overall vision
envisaged for the effective development of the Notified Area. The programme proposes the plan
implementation in 4 phases.

 Phase I – 2021-2026
 Phase II – 2026-2031
 Phase III – 2031-2036
 Phase IV – 2036-2041
8.1 PHASE I (2021-2026)
In phase I of the plan is fully dedicated to the development and improvement of road infrastructure
such as traffic signals and for providing a separate place for street vendors.It is always in first place
to improve the basic infrastructure for any settlement to attain good living environment. For the
same matter following proposals to be attained in the first phase;

 Traffic signals will be provided.

 A separate informal sector will be laid.
These proposals are done in these schemes given below
 Street vendors policy.

8.2 PHASE II (2026-2031)

This phase has been decided on the basis of generate economy for future development and to
provide affordable housing, improving the Following goals is to be met in the second phase of the
plan;

 Providing affordable housing for LIG and EWS group.

 Laying down of a textile industry

These proposals are done in these schemes given below

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  VAMBAY scheme
8.3 PHASE III (2031-2036)
In the third phase the attention will be given towards open spaces and recreational area.In the third
phase of the plan following goals are to be met;
 Providing recreational area and open spaces.
These proposals are done in these schemes given below
 Land use act
8.4 PHASE IV (2036-2041)
In the last five years‟ rest of the development will take place comprising of new industries Again, in
fourth phase these following goals are to be met which are

 Laying down of Information technology park.

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Map 11: Phasing

60 | P a g e
 MASTER PLAN - AMRITSAR 2021 - 2041

BIBLIOGRAPHY

 Cambridge Dictionary. (n.d.).

 (2011). Census of India.

 (2010). City Development Plan Amritsar.

 Ghangrekar, M. (2015). Population Forecasting.

 Amritsar Master Plan Report, 2011(Punjab Urban Planning and Development Authority)

 American Planning Association. (2003). A Planners Dictionary. Chicago: American Planning Association.

 Crook, N., & Dyson, T. (1982). Urbanization in India: Results of the 1981 Census. Population and
Development Review, 8(1), 145. https://doi.org/10.2307/1972694

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