Eynar Hajizadeh

Cause and effect relationship

Adverbial phrases introducing result/effect

 As a result
 As a consequence
 Consequently
 In consequence

Adverbs introducing result/effect

 So
 Therefore
 thus

Example:
He sprained his wrist. As a result, he will not be playing in the tournament.

Their money was running out and therefore they decided to not eat out every day.

Pronoun-verb combinations

 this + cause/trigger/lead to/result in/give rise to/contribute to/bring about

Examples:

Nowadays most people lead a sedentary life. This can cause serious illnesses such as
diabetes.

Nowadays most people lead a sedentary life, and this gives rise to serious illnesses such as
diabetes.

 which + cause/trigger/lead to/result in/give rise to/contribute to/bring about

Examples:

Nowadays most people are leading a sedentary life, which can result in serious illnesses such
as diabetes.

Nowadays most people lead a sedentary life, which may lead to serious illnesses such as
diabetes.
 Eynar Hajizadeh

 this/which + cause/lead to/result in + object + gerund/infinitive phrase

Examples:

Greenhouse gases trap heat within the atmosphere, which causes global temperatures to rise

Today, more and more students are going overseas for higher education. This leads them to
step out of their comfort zone

The US dropped its first atomic bomb on a Japanese city, which resulted in thousands of
innocent people dying in a horrific way.

Conjunctions introducing cause/reason:

 Because
 as
 since
 due to the fact that
 owing to the fact that
 seeing that

Examples:
Many people want to move to Canada owing to the fact that the standard of living therein is
attractive
As it was offering attractive discounts, the shop was filled with so many people
She had to support him, seeing that she had chosen him herself against the opinion of many

Phrases introducing cause/reason

 owing to
 thanks to
 due to
 because of
 as a result of
 on account of

Examples:
There were so many people in the shop because of the attractive discounts

Many people want to move to Canada due to the standard of living therein being attractive
I missed my flight owing to a traffic hold-up