Russell P.

Harris 2

,
.
. , : ,
(screening),
, . 50% .

,
, . ,
,
. ,
. , .
50 , ,
, 4 5 1.000, ,
USPSTF (U.S. Preventive
1 1.000. , Services Task Force),
, .
, ACIP (Advisory Committee on
. , 10.000 Immunization Practices), CDC (Centers
, for Disease Control and Prevention).

. , “ ”.

. ,

. . 2-1
,
. . 2-2
,
, , 2-3
. ,
, .
,

: 1)
ACIP
2) ’ , :
.

6
 2  7

2-1
/

,
. http://www.cdc.gov/nip/recs/ adult-schedule.htm

( . . ,
, )
Screening
: , , ,
. screening
45
55
. screening

45-75 10% 10
55-75

65-75 , screening ,
.

50-75 , 4 :
(FOBT: fecal occult blood
test), 5 , FOBT ,
10
50-75 .
40-50 1-2 ( : 50
2 ,
2 )
3 .
65 ,
, 65
screenig
: (1) “ ,
, 2 ;” (2) “

, 2 ;”

/
Screening D
65 Screening
.

Screening 65

screening 65 -

Screening .

Screening (BMI)

-
, -

15-26 : (1)
( . . , (2) ,
)
HIV Screening :
, ,
HIV

65 Screening Snellen
screening
65 Screening HHIE.
, screening

BMI: body mass index, FOBT: fecal occult blood test, HHIE: Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly ( ),
HIV: human immunode ciency virus ( ), : , : , :
8 I 

2-2 *

- 50-70

, ,

, ,

* .
. ,

2-3

Screening
- , A, C E

, , , -

Screening CA-125
Screening CT
Screening
Screening
Screening
Screening C
Screening CT
duplex

* .
. ,
CT: computed tomography ( ), :

• 10 , and Drug Administration) 60 .

( 19-64 , ( . . A B )
, .
) ACIP
• ( , CDC.
), 50 (
50 · (Screening)
[FluMist] screening
5-49 ) .
• . “ ”
65 ( 65 ) ,
• , ( ( )
) 1957 . .
• 1966 , screening
. , (
• HPV 9-26 ).
, ,
FDA (Food . ,
.
 2  9
3 ( . .
, , ).
: (1) , (2)
(3)
,
, , ,
, ,
( ).

, .
. , ,
. , .
2006, 5 1.000 ,
.

. ,
. ,
,
-
.
,
screening ( ,
) , , ,
10% “ ” .
. 90%
.
, .
.
( . . .
PSA ) .
. ,
( . . .

CT),
,
.
. “ ”
.
.
,

. , ’
in situ ( . . :
in situ ), “ ” • -
( . . “ ” “ ”), o •
( . . •
•
I II), ,
( . . ). .
, ,
. ,
, . ,
,
.
.
, ,
, . .
( ).
10 I 

3 , .

65 .
.

, , ,
, , .
. (” ,
, 2 ;” “
, 2 ,
. ”)
“ ”. .

( . USPSTF
, , 3
). , :
,
. , , .
,
Framingham: , , ,
, , .
.
, screening : , ,
(>5,5 cm) (AAA: , ,
abdominal aortic aneurysm) 65-75 .

AAA. ,
.
65 ,
.
, ,
. . ,
,
. .

. .

. .
. ,
4 .
:
(FOBT: fecal occult blood test), ·
5 , . ,
FOBT , , , ,
10 . ,
. .

.
50 , .
,
2 . 40-49
,
. .
,
.
, .
.
, - ,
,
 2  11

. (”
”)
, ,
. .
: (1)
, (2)
, ,
( 15-25
, ,
. . ) . ,
( , -
) -
. .
HIV ’ ,
’ ,

, . ,

, .
( . . , ,
), -
. .

,
,
.
.
:
,
;
.
:
400.000
;
.

.
, , “ ”
( ’ ). ’ ,
.

65
.
,
.
. ’ ,
(
, .
Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly),
,

.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Advisory Committee on
Immunization Practices. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nip/acip/.
Accessed December 20, 2006.
This is the website for the nationally endorsed set of recommendations for
immunizations. The recommendations are updated regularly. The complete table
, of ACIP recommendations for adult immunizations can be accessed at http://
. www.cdc.gov/nip/recs/adult-schedule.htm.
The Community Guide. Recommendations of the Community Task Force
,
on Preventive Health Practices. Sponsored by CDC’s National Center
. for Health Marketing and the Community Guide Partners. Available at:
2-3 http://www.thecommunityguide.org. Accessed January 9, 2007.
This website provides the recommendations of the Community Task Force, an
, . evidence-based group convened by the CDC to examine community-level
interventions for prevention.
12 I 

Med-Decisions.com. Available at: http://www.med-decisions.com. Acces-

sed December 20, 2006.
This website provides a simple and clinically useful approach to determining
global risk for coronary heart disease.
National Cancer Institute. Statements of the “Physician Data Query”
United States Preventive Services Task Force. Available at: http://
www.preventiveservices.ahrq.gov. Accessed January 28, 2007.
This is the website for the most evidence-based recommendations on
preventive care. Recommendations are updated regularly, and the website
contains key references for the recommendations in this chapter.
(PDQ) Screening and Prevention Board of the NCI. Available at:
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/prevention or http://www.
cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/screening. Accessed January 9, 2007.
This website gives regularly updated, evidence-based statements about
issues in cancer screening and prevention.