Petronas Technical Standards: Drainage & Sewer Systems For Onshore Facilities

PETRONAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS
Drainage & Sewer Systems for Onshore Facilities
PTS 11.12.03
January 2017
© 2017 PETROLIAM NASIONAL BERHAD (PETRONAS)

All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form
or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the permission of the copyright
owner. PETRONAS Technical Standards are Company’s internal standards and meant for authorized users only.
PTS 11.12.03
DRAINAGE AND SEWER SYSTEMS FOR ONSHORE FACILITIES January 2017
Page 2 of 52
FOREWORD
PETRONAS Technical Standards (PTS) has been developed based on the accumulated knowledge,
experience and best practices of the PETRONAS group supplementing National and International
standards where appropriate. The key objective of PTS is to ensure standard technical practice across
the PETRONAS group.
Compliance to PTS is compulsory for PETRONAS-operated facilities and Joint Ventures (JVs) where
PETRONAS has more than fifty percent (50%) shareholding and/or operational control, and includes
all phases of work activities.
Contractors/manufacturers/suppliers who use PTS are solely responsible in ensuring the quality of
work, goods and services meet the required design and engineering standards. In the case where
specific requirements are not covered in the PTS, it is the responsibility of the
Contractors/manufacturers/suppliers to propose other proven or internationally established
standards or practices of the same level of quality and integrity as reflected in the PTS.
In issuing and making the PTS available, PETRONAS is not making any warranty on the accuracy or
completeness of the information contained in PTS. The Contractors/ manufacturers/suppliers shall
ensure accuracy and completeness of the PTS used for the intended design and engineering
requirement and shall inform the Owner for any conflicting requirement with other international
codes and technical standards before start of any work.
PETRONAS is the sole copyright holder of PTS. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored
in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, recording or
otherwise) or be disclosed by users to any company or person whomsoever, without the prior written
consent of PETRONAS.
The PTS shall be used exclusively for the authorised purpose. The users shall arrange for PTS to be
kept in safe custody and shall ensure its secrecy is maintained and provide satisfactory information to
PETRONAS that this requirement is met.
PTS 11.12.03
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ANNOUNCEMENT
As part of the recent transformation exercise, the PTS numbering system has been revised to 6-digit
numbers and drawings, forms and requisition to 7-digit numbers. All newly revised PTS will adopt this
new numbering system, and where required make reference to other PTS in its revised numbering to
ensure consistency. Users are requested to refer to PTS 00.01.01 (PTS Index) for mapping between
old and revised PTS numbers for clarity. For further inquiries, contact PTS administrator at
ptshelpdesk@petronas.com.my
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Table of Content
1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 5
1.1 SCOPE ..................................................................................................................... 5
1.2 GLOSSARY OF TERMS ............................................................................................. 5
1.3 SUMMARY OF CHANGES ........................................................................................ 8
2.0 DRAINAGE PHILOSOPHY .................................................................................. 9
2.1 HSE DESIGN ............................................................................................................ 9
2.2 SOURCE AND CLASSIFICATION ............................................................................. 10
2.3 EFFLUENT ROUTING CHART ................................................................................. 10
3.0 CLEAN STORM WATER (CSW)......................................................................... 12
3.2 DESIGN PHILOSOPHY ........................................................................................... 12
3.3 SYSTEM COMPONENTS ........................................................................................ 17
3.4 PIPE ...................................................................................................................... 19
3.5 SUMP ................................................................................................................... 21
4.0 CONTAMINATED WATER ............................................................................... 23
4.2 DESIGN PHILOSPHY .............................................................................................. 28
4.4 MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION ........................................................................ 42
4.5 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS .................................................................................... 44
5.0 SEWERAGE .................................................................................................... 47
5.2 DESIGN PHILOSOPHY ........................................................................................... 47
5.3 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ...................................................................................... 48
5.5 QUALITY CONTROL ............................................................................................... 50
6.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY .............................................................................................. 51
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
This PTS provides the minimum technical requirements for drainage and sewer systems
in onshore plant facilities.
This PTS was developed to ensure integrity of the drainage and sewer design based on
PETRONAS lessons learnt and best practices.
1.1 SCOPE
This PTS is intended for use in facilities related to oil and gas production, gas handling, oil
refining, chemical processing, gasification, distribution and supply/marketing.
The scope does not cover for well bores, well heads and associated facilities.
This PTS is to provide the user with a specification which will improve standards for good
design and engineering practice for drainage network and facilities, whilst emphasizing
the importance of integrating these facilities with water/effluent master planning.
Although this PTS is mainly intended for new construction projects, it is equally applicable
for any revamp work and/or upgrading works on existing facilities.
Applicable host country requirements shall apply for international projects.
1.2 GLOSSARY OF TERMS
1.2.1 General Definition of Terms & Abbreviations
Refer to PTS 00.01.03 for PTS Requirements, General Definition Of Terms, Abbreviations
& Reading Guide.
1.2.2 Specific Definition of Terms
No Terms Definition
1 Primary Treatment Water purification process based on the

difference in density of the polluting substance
and the medium carrying it, the former being
removed either by rising or settling over a given
time. It is the same term of gravity-based
treatment and used primarily to remove free
floating oil droplets.
2 Secondary Treatment Water purification based on chemical and /or

biological action or enhanced gravity
separation. It is used to further remove
unwanted suspended solids, oil and grease and
dissolved contaminants.
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No Terms Definition
3 Tertiary Treatment Water purification that include suspended solid

removal, dissolved solid removal or removal of
toxic chemicals and heavy metals. It is the same
term of polishing and generally intended to
improve water quality such that the effluent
can be reused.
4 Effluent Effluent are aqueous streams, containing 98%

water, which can be contaminated with
hydrocarbons, solids, chemicals. Effluent are
discharged via drains within a facility that may
or may not require treatment before they are
either reused or discharged to public water
5 Accidently Contaminated Polluted water by soluble chemicals and oil

Water from potential spillage and leaks.
6 Continuously Contaminated Polluted water with hydrocarbons and

Water dissolved organic pollution partially
biodegradable.
Table 1.1: Specific Definition of Terms
1.2.3 Specific Abbreviations
No Abbreviations Descriptions
1 ACW Accidentally Contaminated Water
2 ARI Average Recurrence Interval
3 BOD Biological Oxygen Demand
Biological Oxygen Demand (measured after 5

4 BOD5
days)
5 BFW Boiler Feed Water
6 BS British Standards
7 CCW Continuously Contaminated Water
8 CDF Controlled Discharge Facility
9 CDS Closed Drain System

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10 COD Chemical Oxygen Demand
11 CPI Corrugated Plate Interceptor
12 CS Carbon Steel
13 CSW Clean Storm Water
14 CUF Centralized Utility Facilities
15 CW Clean Water
16 DC Domestic Collection
17 DOE Department of Environment
18 DS Domestic Sewage
19 EQA Environment Quality Act
20 ETP Effluent Treatment Plant
21 FF First Flush
22 FFB First Flush Basin
23 FFU Flocculation-Flotation Unit
24 FFW Fire Fighting Water
25 FRP Fibre Reinforced Plastic
26 GRE Glass Reinforced Epoxy
27 GRP Glass Reinforced Polymer
28 HDPE High Density Polyethylene
29 HP Hydrological Procedure
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30 IDF Intensity-Duration-Frequency
31 MOH Ministry of Housing
32 MS Malaysian Standards
33 MSIG Malaysian Industry Sewerage Guidelines
34 MSMA Manual Saliran Mesra Alam
35 ODD Oil Drip & Drain
36 PE Process Effluent
37 PEFS Process Engineering and Flow Scheme
38 PEQ People Equivalent
39 POB Peak Overflow Basin
40 SCC Steam Cracker Complex
Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara (National

41 SPAN
Water Service Commission)
42 STP Sewage Treatment Plant
43 TDS Total Dissolved Solids
44 UE Utility Effluent
45 WMP Water Master Plan

Table 1.2: Specific Abbreviations
1.3 SUMMARY OF CHANGES
This PTS 11.12.03 (January 2017) replaces PTS 11.12.03 (January 2014).
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2.0 DRAINAGE PHILOSOPHY
The importance of well designed, constructed, managed and maintained drainage and
primary treatment facilities cannot be overstressed. Shortcomings in drainage and primary
treatment systems and management can have significant impact on the environmental (e.g.
pollution of soils, ground water, public waters and air) and can result in the making of
significant unnecessary additional expenditure.
Water effluent shall be classified and designed into various categories depending upon source,
type and level of contamination. Each water effluent category shall be used to define the
required drainage line, selected system and treatment facility.
The planning shall provide the means for anticipating environmental legislation on the
discharge of effluent in an environmentally acceptable manner. Under no conditions shall
polluted water effluent be combined with unpolluted water effluent.
Effluent shall be routed by means of drainage networks to selected treatment facilities as

given in PTS 16.52.02.
2.1 HSE DESIGN
Drainage systems at operating facilities shall be designed and installed in accordance with
PETRONAS standards. This approach shall ensure that plant safety is not impaired by the
drainage systems, e.g., the propagation of fire or gas from one area to another shall be
prevented.
Safety in design is enhanced by attention to detail in pipe-to-pipe joints, joints of pipes to

sumps, and in the covers of open channels and sumps. If further reference or clarity is needed
on a specific issue not covered by this PTS, Owner’s Technical Authority shall be consulted.
Area classification drawings shall be referred and Owner’s Technical Authority shall be
consulted.
Primary water treatment facilities shall be considered as hydrocarbon containing equipment.
The location of primary water treatment facilities shall be subjected to the minimum safety
distances.
Sumps and manholes that may contain flammable liquid or hydrocarbon shall maintain a
minimum safety distance of 15.0m from any ignition source.
Prevailing winds and meteorological conditions such as storm, precipitation, temperature &
etc. shall be taken into consideration when choosing the location and orientation of the
treatment facility e.g. the treatment facility shall be located downwind of ignition sources.
Specific requirements for spill control shall be determined in conjunction with the Owner’s
Technical Authority.
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2.2 SOURCE AND CLASSIFICATION
Effluent are defined as (contaminated) water streams that are discharged via process drains,
equipment drains and surface drains and may/may not require treatment before they are
either discharged into public water.
Dependent upon their source, type and level of contamination, effluent shall be classified into
various categories. From each category, the required drainage network and eventual
treatment facility shall be determined.
The new design effluent shall be classified as follow:
i. Clean Storm Water (CSW)
ii. Utility Effluent (UE)
iii. Process Effluent (PE)
iv. Accidently Contaminated Water (ACW)
v. Continuously Contaminated Water (CCW)
vi. Domestic Sewage
The classifications for all effluent streams shall, where possible start at the source, the
preference being to reduce contaminant loading upstream in order to minimize treatment
requirements downstream.
The planning shall provide the means for anticipating environmental legislation on the
discharge of effluent in an environmentally acceptable manner. Under no conditions shall
polluted water effluent be combined with unpolluted water effluent.
The effluent classification and flow scheme is presented in Figure 2.1.
2.3 EFFLUENT ROUTING CHART
Effluent shall be routed by means of drainage networks to selected treatment facilities and/or
discharge points.
The selection of the routing for the effluent shall be determined in conjunction with the plant
layout requirements, process and environmental specialists responsible for the
water/effluent treatment processes.
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EFFLUENT CLASSIFICATION PRE TREATMENT / TREATMENT DESTINATION
Clean Storm Water Observation Basin
Utility Effluent Neutralization
Process Effluent ETP
Discharge to Public
Water
CCW
FFB
< 15 Minutes
ACW
> 15 Minutes
(a)
Domestic Sewage Septic Tank
(b)
STP
NOTE(S): (a) - Septic tank for DS < 30 PPE

(b) - STP for DC > 150 PPE
Figure 2.1: Typical Effluent Flow Scheme

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3.0 CLEAN STORM WATER (CSW)
The Storm Water is commonly applied for rain water with no contamination of oil,
hydrocarbon, grease, chemical, etc. where the source includes:
i. Rainwater from roads & parking lots
ii. Rainwater from building roof
iii. Rainwater from paving (non-process)
iv. Rainwater from open area (non-process area)
v. Rainwater from paving (process area but no contaminated
The system can either be a closed/ piped system, an open channel/ditch system or a
combination of both.
3.2 DESIGN PHILOSOPHY
3.2.1 Rainfall Analysis
Two (2) types of design for storm water are recognized:
i. Synthetic rainstorms
ii. Actual (historic) rainstorms
For catchment area less than 80 hectares or 0.8 km2, Rational Method is recommended to
estimate peak discharge. Otherwise, Time-Area Method should be use.
3.2.2 Runoff Estimation
3.2.2.1 Design ARI

i. Event ARIs to be adopted for planning and design of major and minor storm water
systems shall be in accordance to Table 3.1:
Average Recurrence Interval (ARI) of Design

Storm (year)
Development Type Quantity

Quality
Minor
Major System
System
Open Space, Parks and 3 month ARI (

1 Up to 100
Agricultural Land in urban areas for all types
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Average Recurrence Interval (ARI) of Design

Storm (year)
Development Type Quantity

Quality
Minor
Major System
System
of
Residential: development)
Low Density; 2 Up to 100
Medium Density; 5 Up to 100
High Density; 10 Up to 100
Commercial, Business and

Industrial – Other than Central 5 Up to 100
Business District (CBD)
Commercial, Business and

10 Up to 100
Industrial in CBD
NOTE(S):
 If a development falls under two categories then the higher of the applicable storm ARIs from Table 3.1 shall be
adopted.
 The required size of trunk drains within the major drainage system, varies. According to current practices, trunk
drains are provided for areas larger than 40 ha. Proceeding downstream in the drainage system, a point may be
reached where it becomes necessary to increase the size of the trunk drain in order to limit the magnitude of
“gap flows”.
 Ideally, the selection of design storm ARI should also be on the basis of economic efficiency. In practice, however,
economic efficiency is typically replaced by the concept of the level of protection. In the case where the design
storm for higher ARI would be impractical, then the selection of the appropriate ARI should be adjusted to
optimize the ratio of cost benefit or social factors. Consequently lower ARI should be adopted for the major
system, with consultation and approval from the Local Authority. However, the consequences of the higher ARI
shall be investigated and made known. Although the storm water system for the existing developed condition
shall be designed for a lower ARI storm, the land should be reserved for higher ARI, so that the system can be
upgraded when the area is built up in the future. Habitable floor levels of buildings shall be above the 100 year
ARI flood level.
 In calculating the discharge from the design storm, allowance shall be made for any reduction in discharge due
to quantity control (detention or retention) measures installed.
Table 3.1: Design Storm ARIs for Urban Storm Water System
3.2.2.2 Areal Reduction Factor (ARF)
i. Areal reduction factors shall be applied to design point rainfall intensities to

account for the fact that it is unlikely that rainfall will occur at the same intensity
over the entire area of storm. The areal reduction is expressed as factor less than
1.0. For large catchments, the design rainfall is calculated with the equation
below:
𝐼𝑐 = 𝐹𝐴 × 𝐼𝑃
ii. Where 𝐹𝐴 is the areal reduction factor, 𝐼𝑐 is the average rainfall over the
catchment, and 𝐼𝑃 is the point rainfall intensity.
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iii. The suggested values of areal reduction factor 𝐹𝐴 for Peninsular Malaysia are
given in HP No.1 and for East Malaysia are given in HP No.26. These values are
reproduced in Table 3.2 for catchment areas of up to 200 km2.
Storm Duration ( hours)

Catchment
Area(km2)
0.5 1 3 6 24
0 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
10 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
50 0.82 0.88 0.94 0.96 0.97
100 0.73 0.82 0.91 0.94 0.96
150 0.67 0.78 0.89 0.92 0.95
200 0.63 0.75 0.87 0.90 0.93

Table 3.2: Value of Areal Reduction Factors (FA)
iv. Areal reduction factors should not be applied to real rainfall data, such as
recorded daily rainfalls.
3.2.2.3 Runoff Coefficient
i. Runoff Coefficient shall refer to Design Chart 14.3 and 14.4 of MSMA.
3.2.2.4 Time Concentration
i. The time of concentration (tc) shall be considered to be the sum of the overland
flow time and the time of travel in street gutters, roadside swales, storm water
drains, drainage channels, small streams, and other waterways.
ii. The Manning’s roughness (n) values for various surface are given in Table 3.3:
Surface Type Manning roughness, n
Concrete/Asphalt 0.01 – 0.013
Bare Sand 0.01 – 0.06
Bare Clay-Loam 0.012 – 0.033
Graveled Surface 0.021 – 0.03
Short Grass 0.10 – 0.20
Light Turf 0.15 – 0.25

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Lawns 0.20 – 0.30
Dense Turf 0.30 – 0.40

Table 3.3: Values of Manning’s n for Overland Flow
iii. Time of Concentration for Small Catchments are given in Table 3.4.
Drainage Element Minimum tc (minutes)
Roof and property drainage 5
Road inlet 5
Small areas < 0.4 hectare 10

Table 3.4: Minimum Times of Concentration
3.2.3 Runoff Conveyance and Quality Control
Drains may be sized by Manning’s formula and shall be designed as gravity flow.
3.2.3.1 Pipe Track or Sleeper Surface Drainage
All pipe-tracks or sleepers surface finishes shall have a free run-off toward open drain channel
with a minimum slope of 1:200 to one side. Surface finishes for pipe tracks shall be as
following:-
i. Pipe tracks containing light product1 lines: concrete blinding
ii. Pipe tracks containing heavy product lines: gravel or stone chippings
NOTE(S) : 1. Light product is liquid petroleum that has a low density and flows freely at ambient temperature. It has a low viscosity,
low specific gravity and high API gravity due to the presence of a high proportion of light hydrocarbon fractions.
3.2.3.2 Open Channel Drains
i. No piping and/or pipe support shall be installed directly over or across open
channels and place where operator/maintenance access is required.
ii. For open channel width greater than 1.0 m, central dry weather flow channel shall
be provided.
iii. Freeboard – The depth of an open drain shall include a minimum freeboard of 50
mm for minor drain, and 300 mm for major drain above the design storm water
level in drain.
iv. Velocity and Grade Minimum average flow velocity shall not be less than 0.6 m/s
for minor drain and 0.8 m/s for major drain to prevent sedimentation and
vegetative growth. Maximum average flow velocity shall not exceed 4m/s.
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v. For flow velocities in excess of 2.0 m/s, drains shall be provided with a 1.2 m high
handrail fence, or covered with solid or grated covers for the entire length of the
drain for public safety.
Suggested n values
Surface Cover Or Finish
Minimum Maximum
Grassed Swales
Short grass cover 0.030 0.035
Tall grass cover 0.035 0.050
Lined Drains
Concrete
Smooth finish 0.011 0.015
Rough finish 0.013 0.018
Stone Pitching
Dressed stone in mortar 0.015 0.017
Random stones in mortar or rubble masonry 0.020 0.035
Rock Riprap 0.025 0.030
Brickwork 0.012 0.018
Precast Masonry Block work 0.012 0.015

Table 3.5: Roughness Coefficient, n
3.2.4 Pipe Drains
All storm water pipe systems shall be designed by a “Hydraulic Grade Line” (HGL) method
using appropriate pipe friction and drainage structure head loss coefficients.
Pipe Roughness Coefficient is referred to Table 3.6:
Pipe Material n k (mm)
Precast Concrete 0.013 0.3
Fiber Reinforced Cement 0.013 0.15
UPVC 0.011 0.06

NOTE(S) :
n = Manning roughness coefficient
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k = Pipe roughness height for Colebrook-White Equation

Table 3.6: Pipe Roughness Values (Average Condition)
3.2.4.1 Velocity and Pipe Grades
i. Maximum Grade: Pipeline grade shall be chosen to limit the pipe full flow velocity
to a value less than or equal to 6.0 m/s. In steep terrain it may be necessary to
construct manholes with drops to dissipate some of the kinetic energy.
ii. Minimum Grade: Storm water pipelines shall be designed and constructed to be
self-cleansing. The minimum grade for pipelines shall be 1:100.
3.2.5 Culvert
3.2.5.1 Freeboard
i. All culverts with a waterway area of 1.0 m2 or more should be designed with a
minimum of 300 mm freeboard above the design water level. For large culverts,
freeboard shall be increase up to a maximum of 1000 mm to allow for the size of
debris anticipated.
3.2.5.2 Velocity
i. Minimum average flow velocity shall not be less than 0.5 m/s to prevent siltation.
ii. Maximum recommended flow velocities for various conduit material is listed in
Table 3.7:
Materials Maximum V (m/s)
Precast concrete pipes 8.0
Precast box culverts 8.0
In situ concrete 6.0
Stiff, sandy clay 1.3-1.5

Table 3.7: Maximum Recommended Flow Velocities, (m/s) for various conduit materials
3.3 SYSTEM COMPONENTS
3.3.1 Open Channel
Open channel width shall be at least 300 mm (min. 150 mm for building perimeter drain) and
minimum depth shall be 150 mm.
3.3.2 Materials
Open drains shall be constructed from materials proven to be structurally sound durable and
have satisfactory jointing system.
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Open drains may be constructed with any of the following materials:
i. Reinforced concrete
ii. Plastered brickwork
iii. Precast masonry bricks
3.3.3 Covers
Precast reinforced concrete covers or steel grating shall be provided across the ditch for access
and place where frequent operator/maintenance access is required e.g. access to hydrant,
hose box, etc.
3.3.4 Precast Reinforced Concrete Covers
Drains not subjected to traffic loads or inflow of surface runoff may be covered using precast
reinforced concrete covers.
3.3.5 Metal Grates
Drains subject to vehicular traffic loads or inflow of surface runoff shall be covered using metal
grates.
Covers for open drains shall be set at the finished cover levels given in Table 3.8:
Locations Cover Level
Paved Areas Flush with finished surface
Footpaths and Street Verges Flush with finished surface
Elsewhere 10mm above surface

Table 3.8: Cover Level
3.3.6 Concrete Works
3.3.6.1 Concrete Lining Section Thickness
All concrete lining shall be designed to withstand the anticipated hydrodynamic and
hydrostatic forces. The minimum thickness shall not be less than 100 mm.
3.3.6.2 Earthworks
The following areas shall be compacted to at least 95% of the maximum density as determined
by ASTM D689:-
i. For minor drains:

a) The top 150 mm of subgrade immediately beneath the drain bottom and
side slopes
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b) The top 150 mm of earth surface within 1 m of the top edges of the drain
ii. For major drains:

a) The top 300 mm of subgrade immediately beneath the drain bottom and
side slopes
b) The top 300 mm of earth surface within 3m of the top edges of the drain
and all fill material
The subgrade under the drained shall be of acceptable strength for the expected loadings, i.e.
weight of concrete and water at maximum flow depth.
3.3.6.3 Bedding
Bedding requirement shall be 100 mm for minor drain and 150 mm for major drain of granular
bedding, equivalent in gradation to 20 mm concrete aggregate, under the drain bottom and
side slopes.
3.3.7 Bricks and Precast Blocks
Bricks shall be sound, hard, and shall comply with the requirement of MS 76. Precast blocks
shall be constructed in accordance with the Manufacturer’s specification and subject to
approval from Owner’s Technical Authority.
Cement mortar for brickwork shall be 1 part ordinary Portland cement to 3 part fine aggregate
by volume with sufficient water added to produce a suitable consistent mortar for the
intended purpose.
All exposed brickwork surfaces shall be plastered with a 20 mm thickness of plaster consisting
of 1 part masonry cement complying with MS 794 to 3 parts sand.
Precast or cast in-situ struts shall be provided at the top of brick drains that exceed 0.9 m in
depth. Strut beams shall be spaced at intervals not exceeding 6 m.
3.3.8 Weep Holes
Weep holes shall be provided in the walls of all open drains with 1.5 m spacing to relieve
hydrostatic pressure.
3.4 PIPE
3.4.1 Minimum Design Service Life
Storm water pipelines shall be designed for a minimum effective service life of 50 years.
3.4.2 Diameter
Minimum diameter for storm water pipeline shall be in accordance with Table 3.9:-
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Applications Diameter (mm)
Pipe draining a storm water inlet crossing a 300

footpath alignment1
Any other pipe 375

NOTE(S) :
1 300 mm diameter pipes are permitted in this situation only, in order to provide more space in footpath alignment
of other utility services.
Table 3.9: Minimum Pipe Diameters
3.4.3 Depth
Minimum cover over pipelines should be 0.6 m as measured form top of pipe to finished
surface level. For pipelines under road pavements, the required cover shall be measured from
top of pipe to pavement subgrade level.
Maximum depth of storm water pipelines to invert level shall not be more than 6 m or else
approval shall be obtained from Owner’s Technical Authority if above-mentioned limit to be
exceeded.
3.4.4 Pipe Materials
Storm water pipelines may be constructed with any of the following:
i. Fibre Reinforced Cement (FRC)
ii. Steel Reinforced Concrete (SRC)
iii. Unplasticised Polyvinyl Chloride (UPVC)
All pipes shall comply with the relevant MS, where applicable, or BS.
3.4.5 Pipe Bedding
Bedding material for pipes in trenches shall be a minimum of 75 mm thick under the pipe
barrel and a minimum of 25 mm under pipe sockets.
The bedding shall be shaped and compacted to provide continuous support for pipes and
precautions shall be taken to prevent disturbance of instability of the bedding due to
groundwater.
Bedding material shall consist of granular material of low plasticity such as quarry fines, or
coarse river sand free from organic matter with a minimum 85% passing the 2.36 mm sieve
and not more than 15% passing the 0.075 mm sieve.
3.4.6 Clearance from others
Under no circumstances shall storm water pipelines be:
i. Cranked to avoid other services or obstacles

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ii. Located longitudinally directly above or below other underground services in the
same trench
Minimum clearance between storm water pipelines and other services shall be in accordance
with Table 3.10:
Services Clearance (mm)
Horizontal
All Services 600
Vertical
Sewers 150
Water Mains 75
Telephone 75
High Pressure Gas 300
Low Pressure Gas 75
High Voltage Electricity 300
Low Voltage Electricity 75

Table 3.10: Minimum Clearance between storm water pipelines and other services
3.5 SUMP
Sump shall be designed to collect surface water from the surrounding area only. Reinforced
concrete shall be the preferred material for sump. Any alternative material for sump shall be
submitted for Owner’s Technical Authority approval.
Sump for CSW system shall have at least the following:
i. The number of sumps shall be kept to a minimum while satisfying the

requirements for spill run-off and distance between each sump.
ii. Sumps, which are interconnected by piping of diameter 900 mm and larger, shall
be located at a maximum distance of 100 m apart.
iii. The internal plan dimensions for a sump shall not be less than the largest pipe size
plus 500 mm.
iv. Square sumps shall have minimum internal plan dimensions of 800 mm x 800 mm.
v. Rectangular sumps shall have minimum internal plan dimensions of 800 mm x 600
mm.
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vi. Access covers shall refer to open drain covers. The minimum size opening for
access is 600 mm x 600 mm.
vii. The top of all manholes shall be flushed with the pavement, except in unpaved
areas where the neck height shall be 100 mm minimum.
viii. The minimum internal plan dimensions of sumps deeper than 1.5 m shall be
increased proportionally to allow access for maintenance and inspection.
ix. The bottom of each sump shall be at least 200 mm below the bottom of the lowest
connected pipe. Pipe ends shall be flushed with the inside sump wall to allow the
installation of self-skimming buckets.
x. Sump shall be designed for buoyancy effect in accordance to PTS 11.13.01.

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4.0 CONTAMINATED WATER
4.1.1 Utility Effluent (UE)
Utility effluent originated are discharges from industrial effluent such as and are not limited
to:
i. Blowdown from cooling towers
ii. Neutralised regeneration effluent from demineralisation and polishing units
iii. Backwash and rinsing effluent from demineralization and polishing units
iv. Waste water from flue gas scrubbers purge treatment units
Utility effluent is not recommended to be reused as part of optimization of water conservation

due to its high salinity.
The filtered utility effluent shall be checked for composition compliant to environmental and
health before being sent to the observation basin. From the observation basin it can then be
discharged to public water.
4.1.2 Process effluent (PE)
Process Effluents (PE) are aqueous effluents containing organics and other pollutants
collected from the following sources but are not limited to:
i. Drains/funnels of process equipment (only flushing water with chemical

contamination and not chemical drain)
ii. Sample point drains
iii. Laboratory drains (only flushing water with acceptable chemical contamination
and not chemical waste. Chemical waste shall be collected and disposed as
hazardous waste)
iv. Any effluent sources containing pollutants exceeding the allowable discharge
limits
All process effluent shall comply with the limits for temperature, pH and composition set forth
prior to being sent to ETP. For discontinued streams, it shall be stored in dedicated buffer
tanks in the process units and sent to ETP through dedicated pressurized piping system.
Waste water from laboratories shall be minimized by recovering chemical waste especially
toxic wastes into dedicated container to be collected and treated by external party.
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4.1.3 Accidentally Contaminated Water (ACW)
Accidently Contaminated Water (ACW) is water potentially polluted by oil, hydrocarbon and
chemicals spillage and leaks.
The system collects mainly surface water from all areas not designated as CSW as well as other
water streams.
Examples of ACW are:
i. First Flush
ii. Run-off rain water from process & utility areas (paved and kerb)
iii. Run-off rain water collected from tank farm & etc. via controlled valve outlet
iv. Rain water collected in hydrocarbons and chemical storage contaminants
v. Run-off from cleaning/washing bays
vi. Run-off from firefighting training area
vii. Wash water from workshops, non-chemical and chemical warehouses
viii. Water from non-scheduled waste storages
ix. Run-off rain water polluted by acid, alkali and/or chemicals
4.1.4 Continuously Contaminated Water (CCW)
Continuously Contaminated Water (CCW) is aqueous effluents containing hydrocarbon and

chemicals.
Examples of CCW are:
i. Drains /funnels of hydrocarbon equipment (only flushing water with

hydrocarbons contamination and not hydrocarbon drain)
ii. Sample point drains
iii. Any effluent sources containing hydrocarbons exceeding the allowable discharge
limits
CCW shall be collected and sent to ETP.
4.1.5 On-Site Area
For on-site drainage networks, two main segregated systems shall be considered, namely
ACW and CCW networks.
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Drainage sumps for paved on-plot areas form an integral part of either the ACW or CCW
networks. Sump locations within these areas shall be determined such that proper
segregation is assured between the networks.
ACW drainage networks shall comprise of a 'sump free' "impermeable" paved area with
surface water run-offs being collected in perimeter drain channels or catch basins and routed
via underground headers to controlled discharge.
The following on-site design rules shall be applied:
i. In plant areas with light product pumps (C4 Butadiene service and lighter), catch
basins shall be provided such that accidental spills will not travel more than 15 m
over the surface of the paved plant area.
ii. The maximum (sub) catchment area to be served by one catch basin shall not
exceed 600 m2.
iii. The design capacity of the catch basin and underground pipe shall be minimum
250 m3/h.
iv. Total (sub) catchment area served by one catch basin for LNG trains shall be
limited to 1200 m2.
v. Segregation of paved catchment areas shall be achieved by optimum selection of

the high points in the paving construction. Paving slopes shall be directed away
from equipment to reduce the risk of escalation of fire. Paving slopes shall be at
least 1:100.
vi. The main perimeter drain channels at the edge of the plant area shall slope to
collection sumps located at a maximum of 50 m apart and shall be provided with
heavy duty grating covers. These sumps shall in turn discharge to main
underground headers located under- and parallel with the surface drain channels.
4.1.6 Off-site Area
Off-site drainage networks comprising drainage of roads, parking areas, pipe tracks and
associated plant facilities such as slug-catcher areas, tank compounds, pump transfer stations,
metering areas and jetties.
Tank compound drainage shall have:
i. All surface water run-offs within a tank compound or from a remote containment
area (rain water, fire-fighting water used for fire-fighting and cooling) shall (PSR) be
collected and discharged by means of dedicated, valve-controlled discharge lines
to an ACW network outside the tank compound bunded area.
ii. There shall be no other escape route for produce fire water, rain water, etc., other
than the surface drain channel to an ACW network.
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iii. The discharge of the effluent within the tank compound shall run via a liquid filled
underground valve controlled drain line.
iv. Control valve shall (PSR):

a) Be kept normally-closed;
b) Be located outside the bunded-area;
c) Be located to facilitate safe accessibility for operation;
 A tank compound shall not be drained via adjacent tank
compound
 Rainwater management plans shall be developed to ensure that
the water levels inside the tank farm do not exceed critical levels.
A critical level is a level in which water is bound to ingress
between tank bottom and foundation
4.1.6.1 Tank bottom drainage
i. Effluent that have 'settled out' in a storage tank are defined as tank bottom
effluent and shall (PSR) be drained via a separate drainage network known as tank
bottom drains and routed to CCW drainage system.
ii. The bottom drain of each tank shall discharge into the CCW network through a
valve control outlet and funnel.
iii. Directly under the funnel an additional valve shall be installed for the
purpose of shutting off the funnel from the system when the tank is not being
drained. Where a branch of the system leaves the tank compound, an isolating
valve shall be installed at the outside of the bunded area.
iv. The connection of the tank bottom drain to the CCW system shall (PSR) be
kept liquid filled.
v. In normal temperate and warm climates the tank bottom drainage network shall
be located above ground to facilitate ease of inspection. When freezing conditions
are expected underground networks shall be considered to avoid the requirement
for heat traced lines.
vi. Alternative automatic tank bottom drainage systems shall be submitted to the
Owner’s Technical Authority for review and approval.
vii. The drainage methodology shall be submitted to the Owner’s Technical Authority
for review and shall be based on the following principles:
a) Drain effluent with high oil contamination and low BOD content (e.g.,
Crude tank bottom drains) shall be routed to a CPI and the non-process
stream for secondary treatment;
b) Drain effluent that have high oil contamination and also high BOD content
(e.g., Product/slops tanks) shall be routed to a dedicated CPI and the
process stream for secondary treatment;
c) Separate drainage networks shall be considered for the collection and
treatment of effluent from tank bottoms rich in H2S (e.g., routing to sour
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water collection system), tank bottoms containing lead and tanks in

chemical service.
viii. The final selection of a treatment system shall be submitted to the Owner’s
Technical Authority for review and approval.
ix. The capacity of a drainage network used for tank bottom drains shall as a
minimum be designed based on the following Table 4.1 below:
Tank Types (by products) Drainage Capacity
Crude Oil 100 m3/hr
Condensate Tank 100 m3/hr
Product Tank (exclude Low Sulphur Diesel Tank) 50 m3/hr
Low Sulphur Diesel Tank 10 m3/hr

Table 4.1: Drainage Capacity
x. The duration and quantities of drained effluent shall be determined in

consultation with the operators or the Owner’s Technical Authority approval for
new designs.
xi. The design shall not allow for more than one crude tank and not more than two
product tanks to be drained at one time. The sizing of downstream CPI's to treat
the effluent from tank bottom drains shall in most cases be limited to 120
m3/hr (standard CPI size).
4.1.6.2 Floating Roof Drainage
i. Floating roof tanks shall be provided with additional buffer/storage capacity from
the floating roof into the tank compound. The routing from the outlet valve shall
be normally closed and shall be directed to the nearest ACW channel.
4.1.6.3 Pipe Track Drainage
i. All surfaces under a pipe track shall have a free run-off towards a pipe track drain
channel and shall be constructed with a minimum slope of 1:200. Slope shall be
to one side only, except when the pipe track width exceeds 10 m.
ii. The minimum clearance between the temporary water level and the top of the
pipe sleeper shall be 150 mm.
iii. To prevent pollution of the subsurface or scouring due to heavy rainfall, the
surface finish of pipe tracks in areas where spills or leakages are expected shall be
provided with a hard impermeable surface layer (such as concrete pavement).
Storm water collected from these paved area shall be routed to drain.
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4.1.6.4 Roads and car parks
Storm water collected from roads and car parks area is normally classified as CSW.
4.1.6.5 Slug catcher area
i. Effluent collected from slug catcher area can be contaminated with hydrocarbons
and shall be collected and treated.
ii. Any effluent collected from slug catcher areas shall be routed via a CCW or ACW
network(s) to ensure the effluent will receive proper segregated treatment.
iii. Surface runoff from pump and metering station area can be contaminated with
hydrocarbons, and shall be routed to ACW drainage system.
iv. For locations where connection to ACW drainage system is difficult (i.e. extensive
distance or differences in grade), proper measures shall be taken to prevent soil,
groundwater and water contamination. These measures shall be submitted to the
Owner’s Technical Authority for review and approval.
4.1.6.6 Electrical Transformer Yards
i. Electrical transformers of the non-sealed type shall be surrounded by a gravel

filled or gravel covered oil catchment pit, which is sized to contain the total oil
content of the transformer.
ii. The catchment pit shall be connected to the ACW system separated by a valve or
a pump.
4.2 DESIGN PHILOSPHY
4.2.1 Prevention
4.2.1.1 Fire Propagation
All detailed elements of the drainage networks shall (PSR) be in accordance with the following
Table 4.2:
Elements Requirements
ACW & CCW  Horizontally laid

headers
 Liquid-filled with a minimum head of 150 mm
Firetraps  Required to isolate one plant area from another
 Located at road crossings

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Elements Requirements
Open drain  As close & shallow as possible before entry into the
channels on plant underground piping network via sumps or manholes
process areas
 Self- draining and comply with the gradient requirements
Pipe sizes less  Liquid seals are required for continuously contaminated gravity
than 150mm in drain systems by means of appropriate upturned or
diameter downturned elbows
Table 4.2: Requirements of drainage networks on fire propagation prevention
Prevention of hydrocarbon build up:
i. Hydrocarbon vapour build up shall (PSR) be relieved.
ii. Sealed pumps or manholes shall be vented to a classified safe area.
iii. For sealed sump with more than one compartment, vent pipes shall not result in
any direct connection between the different compartments.
4.2.2 Temperature
Design temperature for ACW and CCW shall be 45°C.
Design temperature for CSW systems shall be 30 °C.
Final effluent temperatures shall meet the requirements set by local legislation prior to
discharge to public waters.
Final effluent temperatures may be specifically stated as a temperature or a delta between

intake and outlet temperatures.
4.2.3 Velocity
The maximum velocity of effluent in an underground plant drainage system shall not exceed
0.9 m/s.
The design flow rate shall not be less than 0.3 m/s.
For fire -fighting design conditions, the maximum velocity is 3.0 m/s. However, the impact of
higher velocities on upstream surcharging shall be identified by calculation and shall be
submitted to the Owner’s Technical Authority for approval.
For deballasting systems and cooling water networks, higher velocities are permitted to avoid
uneconomical pipe sizes but the impact of splashing and turbulence shall be identified.
Designs shall always aim for uniform stable flows. Tee-junctions and other piping system
components shall not cause excessive turbulence. Long radius bends should be applied in
designs where 90 degree bends in the drainage piping are unavoidable.
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4.2.4 Run-Off Analysis
4.2.4.1 Design Flow
Drainage networks shall be designed for the maximum flow resulting from the greater of the
following load combinations:
i. Rainfall (Q rain) +any other known contributing continuous 'dry weather flow’.
ii. Fire water (Q fire) +any other known contributing continuous 'dry weather flow'.
4.2.4.2 Peak Flow Design Parameter
Specific meteorological data is required to achieve functional and economical designs for
rainwater peak flows. Rainfall IDF curves shall form the basis of any hydraulic calculations.
For drainage networks and primary treatment facilities the minimum design rain water
intensity shall be based on a 2 year return period.
Calculations for establishing the run-off values shall be carried out using established and
proven methods, such as the Rational Method. These methods shall be applied for surface
water run-off by gravity for an area not greater than 150 ha. For areas greater than 150
ha, the total area should be sub-divided into smaller catchment areas.
4.2.4.3 Run-Off Coefficient
Surface run-off coefficient can be referred in Table 4.3
Areas Run Off Coefficient
Paved Plant/Utility Area 1.0
Manifold and pump slab area 1.0
Roads and road shoulders 0.95
Interlocking Pavement 0.75
Pipe Sleepers ( unpaved) 0.5
Pipe Sleepers (paved) 0.9
Tank farm with seepage prevention 0.9
Tank farm without seepage prevention 0.3
Tank roof 1.0
Grass Area 0.5

Table 4.3: Surface run-off coefficient
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4.2.4.4 Fire Water Runoff
The quantity of firefighting water to be collected and discharged through a drainage network
shall be determined based on the assumption that there will only be one major fire at any one
time.
FFW quantities shall where possible be determined from actual data and scenarios prepared
by the responsible Safety Officer. For studies and front-end designs, the typical data indicated
in Tables 16 can be used as a minimum.
Area Intensity Maximum Flow Spill Control
(liter/min/m2) (m3/h) (m3)
Plant
- Process 6.8 500* 100 m3 of oil
- Off Plot (general) Refer 4.1.6 - 4 hours FFW
- Off Plot (tankage) Refer 4.1.6 - bunded area
- Jetties/Loading Refer 4.2.10 - kerb area
LNG
- Process 24 1750* 10
- Storage ** - -
- Jetties/Loading 10 750 1
LPG
- Process 24 1750* 10
- Storage (spheres, bullets) 10 - 10
- Jetties/Loading 10 750 1
* Based on 2 catchment areas of 600 m2
**Dependent upon tank construction and therefore Owner’s Technical Authority should be
consulted.
Table 4.4: Indicative flow rates for FFW
Under the FFW design condition, all available drainage networks may be used to discharge
fire- fighting water and the parameters governing the velocities in the individual drainage
network elements are not applicable.
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4.2.4.5 Fire Fighting Water Off-Plot Area
For all areas other than the process and utility areas and tank farms, FFW shall be calculated
in relation to the actual fire hydrant discharge quantities for the area under consideration.
Where no data exists or can be provided, the minimum fire-fighting water quantity for any
offsite area shall be 500 m3/h.
In the event that no specific data is available, individual hose discharge quantities shall be
taken as 60 m3/h, and monitor discharge quantities shall be taken as 110 m3/h.
For tank compounds the following shall apply:
i. Where automatic spray water systems are installed, these will be used to cool
adjacent tanks in the event of a tank on fire. The discharge capacity of those
systems shall be used to determine the run-off FFW quantities.
ii. The drainage network and outlet valve shall be designed such that the water level
inside the tank pit will not exceed a height of 0.3 m above the lowest tank pad
during a fire fighting condition:
a) A practical valve size is 300 mm
b) If the design requires a larger outlet, additional outlet valves should be
selected rather than increasing the valve diameter
Special attention shall be paid to the quantity of water resulting from spray water systems
applied at LNG/LPG facilities. Resultant run-off quantities may be considerably higher than
those specified for refinery designs
A sand trap and fire trap shall (PSR) be provided at the discharge point of the drain channels
within the bunded area, a liquid field discharge pipe under the bund wall and a sump at the
tie-in with the external ACW system line.
Each compound shall (PSR) have a dedicated discharge line which shall (PSR) be valve controlled.
The valve shall (PSR) be located outside the bunded area and shall (PSR) be easily accessible for
operation purposes. A tank compound shall (PSR) not be drained via an adjacent tank
compound.
4.2.5 Hydraulic Considerations
4.2.5.1 General
Hydraulic calculations shall be prepared to achieve an economical and effective drainage

network design.
All drainage piping, sewers and open drain channels shall be designed in accordance with
accepted formulae and calculation methods, including sump influences (losses), weir overflow
losses, and friction coefficients which take into account the anticipated future condition of the
drainage network.
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Computer programs used for design purposes shall take into account that the design of
underground piping networks as required by this PTS are Owner’s Technical Authority and
shall be laid horizontally and liquid filled.
Programs and calculation methods proposed by Contractors shall be submitted to the Owner’s
Technical Authority for review & approval.
4.2.5.2 Accumulation of hydrocarbons in sumps
Sumps within hydrocarbon contaminated liquid filled drainage networks will accumulate
hydrocarbons.
The liquid levels within the sumps, when calculated on the basis of water, shall be converted
into levels corresponding to a density 850 kg/m3 due to the difference in density between
water and hydrocarbons. Only the height of the liquid above the invert of the drainage pipe
shall be used.
The free board shall be remain at least 150 mm below the top of the sump.
4.2.6 Controlled Discharge Facilities
Controlled discharge facilities shall be installed as a means of controlling the discharge of

rainwater and fire -fighting water effluent.
A controlled discharge facility shall incorporate the following design features:
i. A first flush compartment designed to cater for the quantity of first flush which is
expected to occur as a result of the 'first 15 minutes rain' after a relatively dry
period.
ii. A peak overflow compartments is designed to cater for a specific quantity of

rainfall for the first flush and/or the amount of FFW as determined by the Owner’s
Technical Authority.
iii. Provision for the handling of dry weather flows.
iv. Facilities for the pumping of contaminated effluent to secondary treatment.
v. Facilities for discharging 'clean' effluent to observation basin.
vi. Skimming facilities in the first flush compartment.
The volume of a controlled discharge facility shall be calculated to retain a specific quantity of
effluent resulting from the following design conditions:
i. ACW run-offs resulting from the rainfall design condition.
ii. ACW run-offs resulting from potentially contaminated FFW.
iii. CCW run-offs resulting from flow diversion(s) upstream CPI unit(s).
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Further consideration shall be given to the expected recurrence of rainfall after the design
storm, and the requirement to empty the controlled discharge facility before the next rainfall
occurs.
This data design condition, known as the "accumulated flow", should be determined from
actual meteorological data and has an integral role in the sizing of a controlled discharge
facility.
The pumping capacity to transfer contaminated effluent from the controlled discharge facility
to secondary treatment should be based on the available intake capacity or the buffer tank
upstream the secondary treatment, whilst considering the need to sufficiently empty the
controlled discharge facility before the next first flush.
For the rainfall design condition, the combined first flush and peak overflow compartment
design capacity I volume shall be based on the run-off calculated from the applicable Time of
Concentration (tc) for the actual site area under consideration. The time of concentration is
defined as the time required for water to flow from the most distant point of the catchments
area under consideration to the point of flow measurement (investigation).
In areas of low rainfall where effluent discharge specifications are stringent, the economical
merits of sizing the first flush basin to accommodate the total first flush shall be justified in
consultation with the Owner’s Technical Authority.
In areas of high rainfall the resultant size of the first flush and peak overflow compartments
to accommodate the first flush rainwater quantity will often lead to high capital expenditure,
and all design proposals shall be submitted to the Owner’s Technical Authority for approval.
For the FFW design condition, the combined capacity of the first flush and peak overflow
compartments shall satisfy the retention capacity required for potentially contaminated FFW
effluent resulting from a fire duration of a given period within the refinery or gas plant area.
This period shall be determined in consultation with the Owner’s Technical Authority.
Designs should, wherever possible, incorporate the principle of gravity flow to public water:
i. An emergency overflow shall be provided from the peak flow compartment to

prevent the controlled discharge facility flooding in the event that the design flow
run off from the site area is exceeded, e.g., in the event that a storm occurs which
exceeds the design storm.
ii. A risk analysis shall be undertaken to justify any controlled discharge facility
design which will not accommodate the design flow conditions and which may
lead to a degree of uncontrolled discharge of effluent to public water.
4.2.7 LPG/LNG Facilities
Surface water effluent from liquefied gas processing, storage and loading facilities areas shall
be classified as ACW and as such shall not be allowed to drain to public water without
provision of controlled discharge.
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Paved areas of liquefied gas processing, storage and loading facilities shall be divided into sub-
catchment areas of approximately 600 m2. These areas shall be finished with concrete paving
sloping with 1:100 towards perimeter drain channels.
Potential liquefied gas spills shall be drained away from equipment as quickly as possible to a
safe distance where the liquefied gas shall be allowed to evaporate in a collection basin or
open ditch (liquid gas trap).
Spills shall not be allowed to enter any closed drainage network.
To prevent ingress of liquefied gas into the underground flooded drainage network, gas seals
shall (PSR) be constructed at the connection of gas traps to the underground drainage system.
Owner’s Technical Authority shall be consulted of the following:
i. The use of oil drip/drain systems and CCW systems
ii. Selection of the number of gas traps
iii. Provision of fire detection walls between critical equipment
iv. Minimum retention volume of liquid gas trap of 10 m3
4.2.8 Gas Condensate Metering
For areas in which gas condensates are handled or stored, the drainage networks shall be
provided in line with the requirements for refinery service.
Condensate drains shall not discharge into open surface drain channels.
Condensate drains shall be routed either for recovery or to a CCW drainage.
4.2.9 Chemical Facilities
The drainage networks of chemical complexes shall comply with the requirements laid down
for refinery service.
In addition, all CCW for chemical service shall have independent networks and routed to
treatment facilities.
4.2.10 Jetties
4.2.10.1 General
No provision of surface water drainage is required for jetty approaches or approach trestles if
these have no manifold facilities or sources of hydrocarbon or chemical leakages.
Jetty catchments area that may be contaminated with hydrocarbons and/or chemical shall be
segregated to prevent any contaminated effluent from discharge.
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Jetty heads shall be provided with collection sumps or vessels to buffer CCW resulting from
rainwater, these should be routed away from the jetty such that overflow does not end up in
the body of water. The buffer and associated effluent pump capacity shall be carefully selected
to minimize downstream treatment capacity.
4.2.10.2 Crude Oil and Oily Product Berths
Jetty heads or quays with crude oil and oily product loading facilities shall be provided with
dedicated concrete kerb areas around loading arms, metering stations and manifolds.
These kerb areas shall drain, by means of sloped concrete paving or hard piping, to a collection
sump or vessel mounted in the jetty deck or integral with the deck.
The effluent classification of the kerb area shall be considered as CCW and subsequent
treatment of the effluent should take place either by;
i. Discharging to onshore treatment facilities (e.g. , CPI) or
ii. Allowing primary separation of oil and water to take place in the collection sump
or
iii. Sending to public water treatment facilities
To minimize the requirement for CCW drainage systems, consideration should be given to the
use of dedicated oil drip/drain systems at isolated points.
4.2.10.3 LPG/LNG Berths
Jetty heads and quays for liquefied gas service shall be provided with two separate drainage
systems, namely:
i. ACW system for the deck areas having loading arms and manifolds in gas service,
however, the deck area shall be kerb type and sloped to a collection sump to
collect possible leakage of hydraulic system.
ii. CCW system for the deck areas having condensate or gasoil loading arms.
The jetty deck shall be sloped away from loading arms, manifolds, pipe racks and any
equipment providing a possible flammable source.
The CCW system shall be designed in accordance with the requirements outlined for the crude
oil and oily product berths.
Drainage networks shall be suitable for collecting and conveying specific effluent and run-offs
from catchments and sub-catchments and designed such that optimum segregation of the
different effluent streams is achieved. The flow at the point of discharge into the external
receptor shall meet the specified discharge requirements. Primary and secondary treatment
may be required to achieve this.
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The most efficient and practical routing of networks shall be selected to discharge effluent to
the appropriate 'end-of-pipe' treatment facility.
Atmospheric ACW and CCW drainage systems (not sewage systems) shall be designed for
atmospheric pressure.
4.3.1 Materials
Drainage networks and components shall be of leak-proof design. System tightness shall be
controllable and measurable during design life.
In making the final selection between GRE/GRP and alternative materials, the following
aspects shall be considered:
i. Robustness of lines (vulnerability to mechanical damage and bedding

deficiencies)
ii. Settlements
iii. Resistance to corrosion
iv. Ease of installation and reliability of joints against damage and leaks
v. Chemical resistance against expected contamination concentration
vi. Cost
vii. Availability of material and skilled workers for the installation and quality control
4.3.1.1 Underground Piping
GRE or GRP piping materials shall be used for contaminated water system. However, CS &
HDPE for contaminated water can be used if reviewed & approved by the Owner’s Technical
Authority.
Pipe connections and joints shall conform to the same piping materials i.e. metallic to metallic
type and non-material to non- metallic type.
4.3.1.2 Sump & Manhole
Cast in-situ reinforced concrete shall be preferred material for contaminated water system.
However pre cast type can be used if approved by the Owner’s Technical Authority.
4.3.2 Underground Piping
In order to prevent the propagation and accumulation of hydrocarbon vapours and/or fire
through an underground drainage line refer to Table 4.2.
The system can either be a piped system, an open channel/ditch system or a combination of
both. Where the location of ditches/channels could be considered to contribute to the spread
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(PSR)
of fire or gas, adequate trapping facilities shall be used to prevent the spread of fire or
gas.
Pipe connections and materials shall be selected such that the underground sumps, pipes and
sewers in plant areas and tank farms areas can easily be installed and will not give rise to
leakage or collapse due to e.g.:
i. Settlement of subsoil
ii. Shock loads of aggressive hydrocarbons/chemicals released accidentally or during

plant shutdown (polluted effluent)
iii. Cleaning of pipes by rodding
iv. The use of low-pressure steam of 3. 5 bar
v. The insertion of high pressure jetting water of approximately 10 bar
In instances where differential settlement or differential expansion between pipe and sump
are expected, a flexible connection shall be applied.
All possible chemical components of the effluent shall be identified. Adequate protection is
required against continuous erosion, corrosion and attack by aggressive chemicals.
Piping passing through concrete walls of sumps and concrete basins shall be provided with a
puddle flange around the pipe, cast in the wall.
4.3.3 Sump
Sump for ACW & CCW system shall have at least the following:
A drainage sump located in paved surfaces shall (PSR) serve a paved area of maximum 400 m2,
with a maximum distance between sumps of 50 m.
The safety distance between open sumps and the burners in furnace/ boiler areas shall be at
least 7.5 m.
The safety distance between open sumps and the burners in furnace/ boiler areas shall be at
least 15 m from an ignition source.
Square sumps shall have a minimum internal plan dimensions of 800 mm x 800 mm.
Rectangular sumps shall have a minimum internal plan dimensions of 800 mm x 600 mm.
A combination of inner GRE lining with external concrete casing may also be considered.
Sumps shall be located such that they collect surface water from the surrounding areas.
The number of sumps shall be kept to a minimum while satisfying the requirements for spill
run-off and distance between each sump.
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Sumps, which are interconnected by piping of diameter 900 mm and larger, shall be located
at a maximum distance of 100 m apart.
Access covers shall refer to open drain covers. The minimum size opening for access is 600
mm x 600 mm.
The top of all manholes shall be flushed with the pavement, except in unpaved areas where
the neck height shall be 100 mm minimum.
The minimum internal plan dimensions of sumps deeper than 1.5 m shall be increased
proportionally to allow access for maintenance and inspection.
The internal plan dimensions for a sump shall not be less than the largest pipe size plus 500
mm.
The bottom of each sump shall be at least 200 mm below the bottom of the lowest connected
pipe. Pipe ends shall be flushed with the inside sump wall to allow the installation of self-
skimming buckets.
4.3.4 Manhole for ACW & CCW system shall have at least the following:
Manholes shall be located at intersections of main drainage lines for inspection and/or for
maintenance purposes, but not design to collect clean storm water.
The top of all manholes shall be flushed with the pavement, except in unpaved areas where
they shall project a minimum of 100 mm from the grade.
For maintenance purpose, manhole shall be provided with vertical access points.
All manholes shall (PSR) have removable type cast iron (CI) cover and shall be ventilated to safe
area in accordance to item 4.2.1.
Locations shall be completed clear of any foundations and shall not be located within bunded
or kerb areas. They shall also be situated:-
i. At the junctions of main headers
ii. Where main headers change in direction
iii. At changes in pipe diameter
iv. At changes in pipe material, unless adaptors are utilized
v. At changes in direction and at junction of two or more lines
vi. Manholes shall not be located within areas confined by firewalls
4.3.4.1 Spacing of manholes
Maximum spacing for manholes shall be 50 m.

PTS 11.12.03
Page 40 of 52
Offsite manholes shall be placed at distances not exceeding 90 meters apart, on straight runs
of sewer lines.
4.3.4.2 Manholes size
The requirements shall be the same as set out for sumps in Section 4.3.3.
Manhole vent and vent pipes
i. Vents shall (PSR) be installed for all sealed manholes
ii. Vent discharge shall (PSR) be at least 3 m above grade; or
iii. 2.5 m above any operating platform within a 3 m radius, and in a safe open area;
or
iv. 2.5 m above the highest level on pipe racks in process area or above the roof of a
building;
Minimum safety distance for vents shall (PSR) be at least 15 m from furnace or naked flame,
ignition source, fired equipment.
Vents on manholes shall be provided with flame arrestor, if located within furnace, heater
vicinity or near edge of free circulation roads.
Vent shall be minimum 50 mm size diameter and material of construction shall be of CS.
4.3.5 Collection Basin
Collection basins collects effluent from drainage networks and directs via underground
headers to controlled discharge.
Collection basins shall be located at the lowest points in paved areas to collect surface water,
firewater and contaminated water effluent. The collection basins shall be covered with hot
dipped galvanized steel grating.
Paving slopes to collection basin shall (PSR) be directed away from equipment to reduce the risk
of spill contamination or escalation of fire.
Collection basins shall (PSR) not be located beneath equipment, pipe sleepers/piperacks,
instrument or controls, or stairways or ladders including its landing.
Paving slopes around collection basins shall be as follows:
i. For an area of 600 m2, slope shall be at least 1:100;
ii. For other areas not exceeding 1200 m2, slope shall be at least 1:200;
The maximum travel distance of effluent water from equipment drainage hubs to a collection
basin shall (PSR) be 15 m.
PTS 11.12.03
Page 41 of 52
The maximum distance between collection basins to perimeter drain channel or manholes
shall be 30 m. The perimeter drain channels at the edge of the collection basin shall be covered
with hot-dipped galvanised grating.
The maximum distance between perimeter drain channel sumps shall be of 50 m centres.
These sumps shall in turn discharge into the main underground headers located under the
surface drain channels.
The design discharge rate of the collection basin and underground pipe shall be at a minimum
of 250 m3/hr.
4.3.6 Impounding Basin
Impounding basin(s) shall only be used to provide additional buffer storage capacity when the
direct surface area around the tanks cannot meet the required bunding per tank(s).
Effluent from impounding basins shall be directed to the ACW system.
The design for the interconnecting network between the upstream tank compound(s) and the
receiving impounding basin shall be a liquid filled system with adequate capacity to handle a
major product spill or a fire fighting fire cooling water flow within any of the upstream
compound(s).
4.3.7 Neutralization Facilities
All reinforced concrete components shall comply with PTS 11.15.03.
4.3.8 Water Seal System
In accordance to Table 4.2, the water seal shall be provided with a minimum of 150 mm
submergence below the liquid level from the top of the piping diameter.
All inlets to sealed manholes shall have a minimum liquid fire seal of 150 mm.
4.3.9 Fire and Sand Traps
Fire traps and sand traps shall (PSR) be installed at sump or manhole for road crossings and
areas within pipe sleepers or pipe racks to act as fire breakers and to isolate one plant area
from another.
4.3.9.1 Sand Traps
Sand traps shall be provided upstream of a fire trap and at the lowest point in an open drain
channel system where this enters a sump.
Sand traps shall have the same width as the drain channel, shall have a minimum length of 2
m and shall have a minimum depth of 0.5 m.
4.3.9.2 Fire Traps
The minimum distance between two interconnecting fire trap sumps shall be 9 m.
PTS 11.12.03
Page 42 of 52
Additional requirement of fire trap design with respect to tank compound drainage lines shall
be as follows;
i. The location of (outlet) valve sumps shall be such that safe access is possible even
under fire-fighting conditions;
ii. At tank compound drainage, where valve discharges directly into an open
channel, a splash wall shall be provided and shall be located outside the
compound;
Invert level of the open drain channel inside the tank compound at the sand trap shall always
be 50 mm lower than the invert level of the drain outside the tank compound receiving the
tank compound discharge.
4.4 MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION
4.4.1 General
Owner’s standards, local authority and legislative regulations may require periodic
measurements/control and registration of the effluent discharge quality (quantity).
These measurements will provide Owner’s Technical Authority and, when required, the
authorities, with an insight of the water/effluent treatment facility's performance versus the
applicable standards.
Good performance of the upstream drainage networks and primary water treatment facilities
will form an essential contribution to achieving the required effluent standards.
4.4.2 Maintenance, Housekeeping and Inspection
Preventive maintenance and good housekeeping shall be practiced at the 'source' of all
drainage networks, and shall continue through the systems and treatment facilities up to and
including the outfall to public waters.
Regular maintenance, housekeeping and inspection activities shall be considered as a safety

and environmental care item.
The responsibility for housekeeping and maintenance of drainage networks, treatment

facilities and any other related disposal activities shall be assigned to plant personnel or
departments qualified and trained for these particular duties.
The overall coordination shall be allocated to a supervisor, who shall maintain a complete
records of the overall networks and treatment facilities updating these as necessary to include
as-built situations.
Records shall be maintained of all cleaning and other related activities (spill control), to
establish upgrading and cleaning/maintenance schedules.
Table 4.5 below gives an indicative schedule for the inspection/maintenance of drainage
networks and primary water treatment facilities. The frequency of these activities should be
adjusted where necessary as a result of inspection findings.
PTS 11.12.03
Page 43 of 52
Areas/Components Frequency
Sumps, manholes and self-skimming buckets 6 Monthly
Channels and underground piping 6 Monthly
Pre-separator oil skimming Daily
Inspection for sludge cleaning 3 Monthly
Oil skimming of the oil traps/interceptors Daily
Inspection for sludge cleaning 6 Monthly
Last Line of Defense:
 First Flush Basin (FFB); oil skimming control of As & When Required
effluent quality;
 Sampling and subsequent discharge route

selection
 Peak overflow basin After every major

rain-storm
Oil skimming when

required ( use
floating vacuum
skimmer), sampling
and discharge route
selection
Tank compound ( valve controlled) Every 6 Months and

after every major
rain-storm
Table 4.5: Inspection Frequency
Drainage networks should be tested once a year under simulated fire conditions, i.e. 500
m3/h water supply, including spray water system discharge (subject to the type of plant, see
Table 16), at the upstream section of each catchment area.
4.4.3 Cost Control / Recovery
Consideration shall be given to the implementation of a dedicated cost control/recovery

system applicable to drainage systems and primary treatment.
Departmental costs for the activities outlined under Section 4.4.2 could be recovered by
considering a chargeable basis for the number of connections and/or discharge.
PTS 11.12.03
Page 44 of 52
4.5 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS
Primary treatment facilities provide a critical step in the removal of free oil in water.
The facilities comprise interceptors, separators, basins, collection pits and sumps.
The design of the treatment shall take into account parameters such as:
i. Suspended solids content;
ii. Viscosity of the oil;
iii. Temperature;
Designs of primary treatment facilities shall consider the following:
i. Hand railing and grating for operator safety and access;
ii. Easy access to skimmers, pumps and filters;
iii. Proper ventilation for depressed locations;
iv. Perimeter lightings;
v. Surface drainage of surrounding paved areas;
vi. Kerbs around pump foundations;
vii. Water supply for flushing and/or pump seal cooling;
viii. Maintenance access for gulley sucker, vacuum truck, mobile crane;
ix. Signboard with unit number and capacity;
x. Level instrument with high-level alarm in oil collection sump;
Covers shall not be used on separators without the approval of Owner’s Technical Authority.
Gravity separators are not suitable for separating gas condensates.
4.5.1 Water Retention / Observation Basin
The requirements with respect to the need and design of a water retention or observation
basin shall be determined in consultation with the Owner’s Technical Authority.
4.5.2 Interfaces with secondary treatment units
All drainage design shall be aligned with secondary water treatment design (e.g., discuss with
utilities group).
PTS 11.12.03
Page 45 of 52
4.5.3 Oil Recovery
The recovery of floating oil from effluent shall be maximized in the design of drainage and
primary treatment facilities, and it shall be carried out by means of skimming devices installed
at interceptors and basins.
The selection of type and location of the skimming device required shall take into account the
following factors:
i. Degree of pre-separation
ii. Type of treatment facility (e.g., CPI, First flush basin)
iii. The degree of floating oil expected at the surface
iv. The economics of the costs of skimming devices against the oil recovered
v. The advantages or disadvantages of manual versus automatic operation
vi. Operation and maintenance access
4.5.4 Oil Skimmers
Fixed pipe skimmers shall only be used when the water level in an interceptor is constant at
all times.
Rotating trough skimmers with hand wheel operation should be used in interceptors where
the fluctuation in water level does not exceed 7mm. These skimmers shall not be operated
during 'rain' conditions. The trough shall always be kept in an upright position when
unattended.
Rotating disc or drum skimmers should be used where continuous oil skimming operation is
required.
Continuously operating disc or drum skimmers shall be powered by hydraulic or pneumatic

power packs.
Floating skimmers should be considered for continuous/non-continuous operation where

high fluctuations in the water level are expected.
4.5.5 Oil Sumps
Oil sumps intended to collect skimmed oil and/or oil from oil drip systems shall incorporate
the following design features:
i. Materials to be used are detailed in Section 4.5.6;
ii. A trash rack or bar screen shall be installed at the entry point of an open drain
channel to the sump;
iii. The sump bottom shall be sloped to facilitate sediment or sludge removal;
PTS 11.12.03
Page 46 of 52
iv. Sumps with depth greater than 2 m and having vertical centrifugal cantilever type
pumps shall be provided with access for inspection purposes (manhole and step
irons);
v. Access shall be possible without removal of pumps;
4.5.6 Oil pumps (slops pumps)
Oil recovered from primary treatment facilities and/or oil drip systems shall be collected and
pumped to a slops system, or collected for reprocessing.
The location of the pumps shall be adjacent to or above the oil sump, dependent on the type
of pumps selected.
Pumps shall be vertical centrifugal cantilever type (vertical sump pump) and carefully selected
to suit the expected viscosity of the oil slops. The designer should note that where manual
skimming operations are present low viscosity slops with high water content may be present.
Oil sump capacity shall be determined on the basis of a minimum pump running time of 9 to
10 minutes, and pump capacities shall be selected based on the capacity or design of the
downstream facility.
The installation of a spare unit shall be subject to availability of additional space and after
consultation with Owner’s Technical Authority.
The level control of the pump and installed spare shall be set for automatic start and stop.
The installed spare should have a High-High (HH) -on level control and the Low-Low (LL)
control of both pumps shall be protected by a low level alarm and switch off.
PTS 11.12.03
Page 47 of 52
5.0 SEWERAGE
Sewerage system carries out domestic sewage to the entry point of primary treatment. The
source of the system comes from the following but not limited to:
i. Kitchen
ii. Sinks
iii. Laundry
iv. Wash Basin
v. Sewage from toilets, showers, ablutions, etc
5.2 DESIGN PHILOSOPHY
Sanitary and sewerage system shall be suitably designed to carry all sewage flows including
sullage to the approved disposal point. Unauthorized connections of surface waters or
excessive infiltration to the sewerage system are not permitted.
Population Equivalent (PE) shall be used to determine type of sewerage system to be

implemented in project.
Septic tank shall be applied for the project for not more than 30 PE (<30 PE). An individual
septic tank can only serve one premise. The largest capacity of individual septic tank shall not
be more than 30 PE. Where the design PE is more than 30 for a single unit of building or sub-
divided lots, other treatment system shall be provided. Furthermore, the use of multiple
individual septic tanks within a single sub-divided lot is not allowed.
However, developments of more than 150 PE shall not employ the use of septic tanks. STP
shall be used for treatment more than 30 PE developments in single unit type as per Table 5.1.
Population Equivalent(PE) Sewerage System Type
< 30 PE Septic Tank*
>150 PE STP
NOTE(S): *Individual septic tank only can serve one premise

Table 5.1: Capacity of sewage system based on PE
Sanitary and sewer system general design requirement shall be referred as minimum as MSIG
Volume I to V which is govern by SPAN and also MS 1228.
Detail material classification and specification for the sanitary and sewerage system shall be
referred in accordance to MSIG, Volume III, Section 2.
PTS 11.12.03
Page 48 of 52
5.3 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
Based on EQA, two (2) standards of effluent been specified which are Standard A and
Standard B.
Standard A for effluent discharge located upstream of raw water intake points and Standard
B for effluent discharge located downstream of the raw water intake points.
Table below shows effluent discharges accordance to EQA, under the Environmental Quality
(Sewage and Industrial Effluent) Regulations, Regulations 8 (1), 8 (2) and 8 (3).
Effluent Discharge to Stagnant

Effluent Discharge to River
Water Bodies*
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
Parameters
Standard A Standard B Standard A Standard B
Abs. Design Abs. Design Abs. Design Abs. Design
BOD5 20 10 50 20 20 10 50 20
SS 50 20 100 40 50 20 100 40
COD 120 60 200 100 120 60 200 100
AMN 10 5 20 10 5 2 5 2
Nitrogen
20 10 50 20 10 5 10 5
Nitrate
Total
- - - - 5 2 10 5
Phosphorus
O&G 5 2 10 5 5 2 10 5
NOTE(S):
Abs. = Absolute
*Refers to enclosed water bodies such as lakes, ponds and slow moving watercourses where dead zone occur
Table 5.2: Effluent Discharge
Septic tank treatment performance may not be consistent with DOE strict absolute standards
due to accumulation of settled solids over time. The settled solids tends to reduce the volume
available for sewage treatment and compromises its efficiency of treatment. Therefore, the
design of septic tanks for effluent discharge downstream of water intake points shall be based
on an average effluent quality of:
i. BOD5: 50 mg/l
ii. Suspended Solids: 100 mg/l

PTS 11.12.03
Page 49 of 52
To achieve a higher quality of treated effluent discharge within the catchment located
upstream of water intake points, the design of the septic tank shall be coupled with further
forms of treatment as recommended in MSIG, Volume V.
It is of paramount importance to meet the above treated effluent quality and achieve the
overall environmental objectives. Hence, the design of septic tanks must allow for regular de-
sludging at a frequency of NOT less than once every two (2) years.
Sanitary system shall collect non-polluted raw sanitary from sanitary facilities from all
buildings. The final main shall flow into sanitary sewage treatment units. This system shall not
discharge into another system prior to treatment and adequate self-cleansing velocities are
to be maintained.
Minimum pipe size shall be 100 mm diameter.
Maximum velocity shall be 1.0 m/sec.
Minimum velocity shall be 0.6m/sec provided it maintains a self-cleansing velocity in relation

to the discharge quantity.
Sewer pipes should not be constructed on slope or within slope failure envelope. In the event
where it is unavoidable, the said structures shall be designed not to encounter settlement or
the sorts and at any time at risk of collapse during its operating lifespan.
5.4.1 Septic Tanks
Locally 2 forms of septic tanks are widely used:
i. Cast in situ (Promoted by MOH) which consist of a septic tank with a minimum of
24 hours hydraulic retention time followed by a dual size aggregate down flow
filter media.
ii. Prefabricated septic tank (Polyethylene, Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastic & Precast
Concrete) which a filter chamber is incorporated inside of the septic tank on the
outlet section (as opposed to the filter chamber located externally in the cast in-
situ septic tanks) to enhance its performance.
Septic tanks requirement and guideline shall be accordance to MSIG, Volume V.
5.4.2 Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)
Prefabricated STP shall be in accordance with MSIG.
The installation and construction of STP shall follow SPAN TS 1402.
5.4.3 Manhole (Inspection Chamber)
Inspection chamber shall be provided for the septic tank for maintenance purpose.
PTS 11.12.03
Page 50 of 52
Manhole is required at the following locations:
i. Maximum of 1 m and upstream of inlet to septic tank
ii. At each bend shall provide manhole
iii. At every 20 m interval of sewer length outside the building
At least 1 meter away from the building line.
Each inspection chamber cover shall be properly marked and labeled as typically shown in
appendix. Minimum requirement for cover shall in accordance with SPAN, TS 1401.
5.5 QUALITY CONTROL
Manufacture/vendor shall ensure product is in accordance with requirements and regulations

by SPAN.
Septic tank and STP shall be endorsed by SPAN and the certificate of approval shall be issued
by SPAN for the product material.
Design of sanitary plumbing shall be endorsed by competent plumbers and product

certification by SPAN shall be submitted to IWK for local authority approval.
Material for the piping and fitting shall be in accordance with MSIG.
The STP system shall be tested and commissioned. Therefore, all the testing and
commissioning shall refer with MSIG, Vol.02.
For maintenance work, de-sludging work shall consider that prolonged settlement of solids in
the septic tank would eventually result in the level of solids to build up and subsequently
reduce the treatment capacity of the septic tank.
De-sludging shall be conducted at a frequency of not less than once every two years to restore
the designed treatment capacity.
PTS 11.12.03
Page 51 of 52
6.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY
In this PTS, reference is made to the following Standards/Publications. Unless specifically

designated by date, the latest edition of each Standards/Publications shall be used, together
with any supplements/revisions thereto:
PETRONAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS
Reinforced Concrete Foundations and Structures PTS 11.15.03

Index to PTS PTS 00.01.01
PTS Requirements, General Definition of Terms, Abbreviations & PTS 00.01.03
Reading Guide
Index to Standard Drawings PTS 00.11.01
Site Preparation & Earthworks PTS 11.12.01
Roads, Paving, Surfacing, Slope Protection & Fencing PTS 11.12.02
Geotechnical Engineering for Onshore Facilities PTS 11.13.01
Piping Classes – Refining & Chemicals PTS 12.31.01
Glass Fibre Reinfroced Plastic Pipeline and Piping System PTS 12.34.02
SI Quantities and Units
PTS 16.00.01
Corrugated Plate Interceptor (CPI)
PTS 16.39.04
Wastewater Treatment System PTS 16.52.02
Fire Safety for Onshore Facilities PTS 16.73.01
Wastewater Management PTS 18.72.04
MALAYSIAN STANDARDS
Malaysian Sewerage Industry Guidelines ( MSIG) - Volume I,
Sewerage Policy for New Development
Malaysian Sewerage Industry Guidelines ( MSIG) - Volume II,
Sewerage Work Procedure
Malaysian Sewerage Industry Guidelines ( MSIG) - Volume III,
Sewer Networks & Pump Stations
Malaysian Sewerage Industry Guidelines ( MSIG) - Volume IV,
Sewage Treatment Plant
Malaysian Sewerage Industry Guidelines ( MSIG) - Volume V,
Septic Tanks
Hydrological Procedure No.1 – Estimation of Design Rainstorm in HP-1, 2010
Peninsular Malaysia
PTS 11.12.03
Page 52 of 52
Hydrological Procedure N0. 26 – Estimation of Design Rainstorm in HP-26, 1983

Sabah and Sarawak
Code of Practice for Design and Installation of Sewerage Systems MS 1228:1991
Urban Storm Water Management Manual for Malaysia (Manual MSMA, 2000
Saliran Mesra Alam Malaysia)
Technical Specification for Sewerage Treatment System, Part 1: SPAN TS 1401:2010
Prefabricated Tank – Packaged Plan ( A1:2012)
Technical Specification for Sewerage Treatment System, Part 2: SPAN TS 1402:2010
Construction and Installation– Packaged Plan ( A1:2012)
OTHER STANDARD & ORDINANCE

Environmental Quality Act 1974
Uniform Building by Law (UBBL), Malaysia 1984
Water Services Industry ACT 2006

Petronas Technical Standards: Drainage & Sewer Systems For Onshore Facilities

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PETRONAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS

Drainage & Sewer Systems for Onshore Facilities

© 2017 PETROLIAM NASIONAL BERHAD (PETRONAS)

Applicable host country requirements shall apply for international projects.

1.2 GLOSSARY OF TERMS

1.2.1 General Definition of Terms & Abbreviations

1.2.2 Specific Definition of Terms

1 Primary Treatment Water purification process based on the

2 Secondary Treatment Water purification based on chemical and /or

3 Tertiary Treatment Water purification that include suspended solid

4 Effluent Effluent are aqueous streams, containing 98%

5 Accidently Contaminated Polluted water by soluble chemicals and oil

6 Continuously Contaminated Polluted water with hydrocarbons and

1.2.3 Specific Abbreviations

1 ACW Accidentally Contaminated Water

2 ARI Average Recurrence Interval

3 BOD Biological Oxygen Demand

Biological Oxygen Demand (measured after 5

5 BFW Boiler Feed Water

7 CCW Continuously Contaminated Water

8 CDF Controlled Discharge Facility

9 CDS Closed Drain System

10 COD Chemical Oxygen Demand

11 CPI Corrugated Plate Interceptor

13 CSW Clean Storm Water

14 CUF Centralized Utility Facilities

17 DOE Department of Environment

19 EQA Environment Quality Act

20 ETP Effluent Treatment Plant

22 FFB First Flush Basin

23 FFU Flocculation-Flotation Unit

24 FFW Fire Fighting Water

25 FRP Fibre Reinforced Plastic

26 GRE Glass Reinforced Epoxy

27 GRP Glass Reinforced Polymer

28 HDPE High Density Polyethylene

31 MOH Ministry of Housing

33 MSIG Malaysian Industry Sewerage Guidelines

34 MSMA Manual Saliran Mesra Alam

35 ODD Oil Drip & Drain

37 PEFS Process Engineering and Flow Scheme

38 PEQ People Equivalent

39 POB Peak Overflow Basin

40 SCC Steam Cracker Complex

Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara (National

42 STP Sewage Treatment Plant

43 TDS Total Dissolved Solids

45 WMP Water Master Plan

1.3 SUMMARY OF CHANGES

2.0 DRAINAGE PHILOSOPHY

Effluent shall be routed by means of drainage networks to selected treatment facilities as

2.1 HSE DESIGN

Safety in design is enhanced by attention to detail in pipe-to-pipe joints, joints of pipes to

Primary water treatment facilities shall be considered as hydrocarbon containing equipment.

2.2 SOURCE AND CLASSIFICATION

The new design effluent shall be classified as follow:

i. Clean Storm Water (CSW)

ii. Utility Effluent (UE)

iii. Process Effluent (PE)

iv. Accidently Contaminated Water (ACW)

v. Continuously Contaminated Water (CCW)

vi. Domestic Sewage

The effluent classification and flow scheme is presented in Figure 2.1.