96 - OMX - 0028 - BIGG - KIL - XX - XX - CA - C - 0207 - REV B - UKPN 132kV Incomer Circuit Breaker Calculation (SF Comments)

CLIENT: NATIONAL GRID
OMEXOM DOCUMENT No.: BIGG_KIL_XX_XX_CA_C_0207
CUSTOMER DOCUMENT No.: 96_OMX_0028
INVESTMENT No.: 100794
BIGGLESWADE 400kV SUBSTATION
UKPN 132kV INCOMER CIRCUIT BREAKER FOUNDATION

CALCULATION PACK
B 26.03.24 NA SF SM Second Issue
A 24.10.23 NA SF SM First Issue
Rev. Date Prepared Reviewed Approved Comments
Page 1 of 45 We are VINCI Energies, working together with National Grid.

Contents
Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 3
Background ............................................................................................................ 3
Existing Ground Conditions .................................................................................... 4
Loading & Load Combinations.......................................................................................... 5
Applied Loads – Circuit Breaker ............................................................................. 5
Load Combinations................................................................................................. 7
Loads adopted for design ....................................................................................... 7
Pad Foundation Design .................................................................................................... 8
Design Inputs ......................................................................................................... 8
3.2) Circuit breaker – Load Combination 1 .................................................................... 9
3.3) Circuit breaker – Load Combination 2 .................................................................. 19
3.4) Overturning Check - Circuit Breaker ..................................................................... 28
3.5) Holding down bolt design...................................................................................... 28
3.6) Design summary .................................................................................................. 30
3.7) Concrete Specification.......................................................................................... 31
Figures
Manufacturers provided terminal loading information………………………………
Appendices
Appendix A – Manufacturers Drawing Information….………………………………………33
Appendix B – Email Correspondence on Loading Confirmation.………………………….41

Introduction
Kiloh Associates have been asked to provide engineering consultancy design services as follows:
▪ Design of new concrete foundations to support new electrical equipment

▪ Production of construction drawings.
▪ Calculation document to be read in conjunction with drawing:
30_OMX_0027 - UKPN 132kV Incomer Circuit Breaker
▪ Check on holding down bolts (Baseplate design is by others)
Background
1.1.1) Site Description & Topography

The site is located approximately 2.25km to the south-east of Biggleswade Station, located in the
field directly to the east of Park Corner Farm on Dunton Lane.
Figure 1 Site Location

The site comprises agricultural land surrounded almost entirely by agricultural fields and farmland.
The site generally slopes from north to south from between 36.5m and 40.0m.

Existing Ground Conditions
Kiloh Associates have reviewed the Geoenvironmental Appraisal undertaken by Dunelm

Geotechnical & Environmental, (Report Reference: D10439/01, dated November 2021) to
understand the existing ground conditions across the area of the proposed works.
The investigation comprised: -
• Five boreholes (BHA01 – BHA05), to maximum depth of 20.45m below ground level (bgl);
• Three hand excavated inspection pits (TPA01, TPA04 and TPA06) a maximum depth of 1m
bgl for undertaking infiltration testing;
• Four machine excavated trial pits to a maximum depth of 4m bgl (TPA02, TPA03, TPA05
and TPA07);
• Installation of four ground gas and groundwater monitoring wells;
• In-situ testing;
• Sampling for geotechnical and geo-environmental laboratory testing; and,
• Post-fieldwork groundwater and ground gas monitoring.
The ground investigation carried out by Dunelm confirmed the proposed development area to be
underlain by topsoil, typically up to 0.30m thick overlying Till. The thickness of the weathered Till
(Upper Brown Clay) ranges between 0.65m and 7.00m bgl. Bedrock was not encountered.
Sequence of strata:
• Topsoil (reworked);
• Upper Brown Clay (weather Glacial Till)
• Lower Grey Clay (Glacial Till)
On the basis of the formation level for the concrete bases being located within the brown clay an
allowable ground bearing pressure of 100kPa has been adopted.
The following has also been incorporated within the design;
▪ ACEC class AC-1s & design chemical class DC-1
▪ Density of soil = 17.0kN/m³
▪ Characteristic friction angle – 20 degrees
▪ Characteristic shear angle resistance – 25 degrees
▪ Drained foundations (i.e.no groundwater)
1.2.1) Design Standards and Codes of Practice

Foundation and geotechnical analysis in undertaken accordance with the following: -
• EN1997-1:2004 + A1:2013 incorporating corrigendum February 2009 and the UK National
Annex incorporating corrigendum No.1
• BS 8004:2015 Code of Practice for Foundations
Foundations have been designed in accordance with the following National Grid specification.
• TS_2.10.03 – Piling and Foundations
• TS_3.10.02 - Materials
• TS_3.10.04 – Concreting and Formwork
• TS_3.01.04- Busbar systems for AIS substations

Loading & Load Combinations
Applied Loads – Circuit Breaker

Table below is an extract from Grid Solutions drawing VS382926GAD01D_02
Figure 2 Manufacturers loading information - VS382926GAD01D_02 (see appendix A)
Figure 3 Manufacturers provided terminal loading information from email

KIL2054_231201_SM_PD_CE-DP06.01 UKPN 132kV Bases dated 15/01/24
– See Appendix B)
Dead load = weight of 3No. poles, base frame, mechanism, gas + 2No. supports (see appendix A)
= 835.5kg + (2 x 122kg)
= 1079.5kg x 9.81 N/kg x 10-3
= 10.6kN (Unfactored)
Figure 4 Direction of applied forces- VS382926GAD01D_02 (see appendix A)

Load Combinations
Load case 1 = 100% static terminal + weight + pressure + 30% wind + operation
Load case 2 = 50% static terminal + weight + pressure + 100% wind 100% short circuit + operation
Load case 3 = 70% static terminal + weight + pressure + 10% wind + 100% seismic + operation
(Load combinations by GE Vernova. Refer to Appendix B, email dated 13/03/24.)
Loads adopted for design

All loads below are factored
Worst case down load onto foundation = 33.9kN (load provided from email dated 13/03/24)
Worst case uplift onto foundation = 8.1kN (load provided from email dated 13/03/24)
Worst case horizontal force on foundation (X-axis) = 13.8kN (load provided from email dated
13/03/24)
Worst case horizontal force on foundation (Y-axis) = 14kN (load provided from email dated
13/03/24)
Worst case overturning moment on foundation (X-axis) = 40.5kNm (load provided from email dated
13/03/24)
Worst case overturning moment on foundation (Y-axis) = 46.3kNm (load provided from email dated
13/03/24)
Worst case horizontal shear force on anchor = 1.8kN (load provided from email dated 13/03/24)
(Worst case loads by others. Refer to Appendix B.)

Pad Foundation Design
Design Inputs
▪ Concrete class is RC32/40

▪ Steel reinforcement to be 500N/mm²
▪ Cover assumed to be 50mm top and sides and 75mm bottom.
▪ Density of concrete is 24.5kN/m²
▪ Partial Factors are in accordance with BS EN 1997 and the National Annex and TS-
_3.01.04
▪ Foundations are drained, water level is assumed to be below the foundation
▪ Presumed design resistance of the foundation is 100kN/m2, please refer to Section 1.1.2
for further details
▪ Characteristic friction angle for the clay is assumed to be 20 degrees
▪ Passive resistance of soil has been ignored for sliding checks

3.2) Circuit breaker – Load Combination 1
Worst case downwards force, horizontal force and moment applied simultaneously.
Load onto each leg is as follows. See loading information on page 7:
Fzdead = 33.9kN / 2 = 16.45kN
Fximposed = 13.8kN / 2 = 6.9kN Fyimposed = 14kN / 2 = 7kN
Mximposed = 40.5kNm / 2 = 20.25kNm Myimposed = 46.3kNm / 2 = 23.15kNm
Foundation analysis in accordance with EN1997-1:2004 + A1:2013 incorporating corrigendum

February 2009 and the UK National Annex incorporating corrigendum No.1
Tedds calculation version 3.3.05
Pad foundation details

Length of foundation; Lx = 3400 mm
Width of foundation; Ly = 1800 mm
Foundation area; A = Lx  Ly = 6.120 m2
Depth of foundation; h = 800 mm
Depth of soil over foundation; hsoil = 0 mm
Level of water; hwater = 0 mm
Density of water; water = 9.8 kN/m3
Density of concrete; conc = 24.5 kN/m3
Column no.1 details

Length of column; lx1 = 290 mm
Width of column; ly1 = 370 mm
position in x-direction; x1 = 435 mm
position in y-direction; y1 = 900 mm
Column no.2 details
Soil properties
Density of soil; soil = 18.0 kN/m3

Characteristic cohesion; c'k = 0 kN/m2
Characteristic effective shear resistance angle; 'k = 30 deg
Characteristic friction angle; k = 20 deg
Foundation loads
Self weight; Fswt = h  conc = 19.6 kN/m2
Column no.1 loads

Permanent axial load; FGz1 = 16.5 kN
Variable horizontal load in x-direction; FQx1 = 6.9 kN
Variable horizontal load in y-direction; FQy1 = 7.0 kN
Variable moment in x-direction; MQx1 = 20.3 kNm
Variable moment in y-direction; MQy1 = 23.2 kNm
Column no.2 loads
Permanent axial load; FGz2 = 16.5 kN
Bearing resistance (Section 6.5.2)
Forces on foundation
Force in x-direction; Fdx = FQx1 + FQx2 = 13.8 kN
Force in y-direction; Fdy = FQy1 + FQy2 = 14.0 kN
Force in z-direction; Fdz = A  Fswt + FGz1 + FGz2 = 152.9 kN
Moments on foundation
Moment in x-direction; Mdx = A  Fswt  Lx / 2 + FGz1  x1 + FGz2  x2 + MQx1 +
FQx1  h + MQx2 + FQx2  h = 311.4 kNm
Moment in y-direction; Mdy = A  Fswt  Ly / 2 + FGz1  y1 + FGz2  y2 + MQy1 +
FQy1  h + MQy2 + FQy2  h = 195.1 kNm
Eccentricity of base reaction

Eccentricity of base reaction in x-direction; ex = Mdx / Fdz - Lx / 2 = 337 mm
Eccentricity of base reaction in y-direction; ey = Mdy / Fdz - Ly / 2 = 376 mm
The extent of the footing acting in bearing has been determined using an iterative procedure. The volume of
the resulting bearing pressure diagram is equal in magnitude to the applied axial load and its centroid
coincides with the location of the resultant applied load. More details on the procedure adopted can be found
in the paper ‘Bearing pressures for rectangular footings with biaxial uplift’ by Kenneth E Wilson.
Pad base pressures
q1 = 0 kN/m2
q2 = 40.9 kN/m2
q3 = 0 kN/m2
q4 = 76.7 kN/m2
Minimum base pressure; qmin = min(q1, q2, q3, q4) = 0 kN/m2
Maximum base pressure; qmax = max(q1, q2, q3, q4) = 76.7 kN/m2
Presumed bearing capacity
Presumed bearing capacity; Pbearing = 100.0 kN/m2
PASS - Presumed bearing capacity exceeds design base pressure
Design approach 1
Partial factors on actions - Combination1
Partial factor set; A1

Permanent unfavourable action - Table A.3; G = 1.35
Permanent favourable action - Table A.3; Gf = 1.00
Variable unfavourable action - Table A.3; Q = 1.50
Variable favourable action - Table A.3; Qf = 0.00
Partial factors for spread foundations - Combination1

Resistance factor set; R1
Bearing - Table A.5; R.v = 1.00
Sliding - Table A.5; R.h = 1.00
Force in x-direction; Fdx = Q  (FQx1 + FQx2) = 20.7 kN
Force in y-direction; Fdy = Q  (FQy1 + FQy2) = 21.0 kN
Force in z-direction; Fdz = G  (A  Fswt + FGz1 + FGz2) = 206.4 kN
Moment in x-direction; Mdx = G  (A  Fswt  Lx / 2 + FGz1  x1 + FGz2  x2) + Q 
(MQx1 + MQx2) + (Q  (FQx1 + FQx2))  h = 428.1 kNm
Moment in y-direction; Mdy = G  (A  Fswt  Ly / 2 + FGz1  y1 + FGz2  y2) + Q 
(MQy1 + MQy2) + (Q  (FQy1 + FQy2))  h = 272.0 kNm

Effective area of base
Effective length; L'x = Lx - 2  ex = 2651 mm
Effective width; L'y = Ly - 2  ey = 964 mm
Effective area; A' = L'x  L'y = 2.555 m2
Pad base pressure

Design base pressure; fdz = Fdz / A' = 80.8 kN/m2
Sliding resistance (Section 6.5.3)
Force in z-direction; Fdz = Gf  (A  Fswt + FGz1 + FGz2) = 152.9 kN
Sliding resistance verification (Section 6.5.3)

Horizontal force on foundation; H = [Fdx2 + Fdy2]0.5 = 29.5 kN
Design friction angle d = atan(tan(k) / ') = 20 deg
Sliding resistance (exp.6.3a); RH.d = Fdz  tan(d) = 55.6 kN
H / RH.d = 0.530
PASS - Foundation is not subject to failure by sliding
Design approach 1

Force in z-direction; Fdz = G  (A  Fswt + FGz1 + FGz2) = 152.9 kN
Moment in x-direction; Mdx = G  (A  Fswt  Lx / 2 + FGz1  x1 + FGz2  x2) + Q 
(MQx1 + MQx2) + (Q  (FQx1 + FQx2))  h = 326.9 kNm
Moment in y-direction; Mdy = G  (A  Fswt  Ly / 2 + FGz1  y1 + FGz2  y2) + Q 
(MQy1 + MQy2) + (Q  (FQy1 + FQy2))  h = 212.3 kNm

Pad base pressure

Force in z-direction; Fdz = Gf  (A  Fswt + FGz1 + FGz2) = 152.9 kN

Design friction angle d = atan(tan(k) / ') = 16.234 deg
H / RH.d = 0.574
Foundation design in accordance with EN1992-1-1:2004 + A1:2014 incorporating corrigenda January
2008, November 2010 and January 2014 and the UK National Annex incorporating National
Amendment No.1 and No.2
Concrete details (Table 3.1 - Strength and deformation characteristics for concrete)
Concrete strength class; C32/40
Characteristic compressive cylinder strength; fck = 32 N/mm2
Characteristic compressive cube strength; fck,cube = 40 N/mm2
Mean value of compressive cylinder strength; fcm = fck + 8 N/mm2 = 40 N/mm2
Mean value of axial tensile strength; fctm = 0.3 N/mm2  (fck/ 1 N/mm2)2/3 = 3.0 N/mm2
5% fractile of axial tensile strength; fctk,0.05 = 0.7  fctm = 2.1 N/mm2
Secant modulus of elasticity of concrete; Ecm = 22 kN/mm2  [fcm/10 N/mm2]0.3 = 33346 N/mm2
Partial factor for concrete (Table 2.1N); C = 1.50

Compressive strength coefficient (cl.3.1.6(1)); cc = 0.85
Design compressive concrete strength (exp.3.15); fcd = cc  fck / C = 18.1 N/mm2
Tens.strength coeff.for plain concrete (cl.12.3.1(1)); ct,pl = 0.80
Des.tens.strength for plain concrete (exp.12.1); fctd,pl = ct,pl  fctk,0.05 / C = 1.1 N/mm2
Maximum aggregate size; hagg = 20 mm
Ultimate strain - Table 3.1; cu2 = 0.0035
Shortening strain - Table 3.1; cu3 = 0.0035
Effective compression zone height factor;  = 0.80
Effective strength factor;  = 1.00
Bending coefficient k1; K1 = 0.40
Bending coefficient k2; K2 = 1.00  (0.6 + 0.0014/cu2) =1.00
Bending coefficient k3; K3 =0.40
Bending coefficient k4; K4 =1.00  (0.6 + 0.0014/cu2) = 1.00
Reinforcement details
Characteristic yield strength of reinforcement; fyk = 500 N/mm2 Cover is too low,
Modulus of elasticity of reinforcement; Es = 210000 N/mm2 should be 50mm
Partial factor for reinforcing steel (Table 2.1N); S = 1.15 top and sides and
Design yield strength of reinforcement; fyd = fyk / S = 435 N/mm2 75 bottom.
Nominal cover to top of foundation; cnom_t = 30 mm
Nominal cover to bottom of foundation; cnom_b = 30 mm
Nominal cover to side of foundation; cnom_s = 30 mm
Nominal cover to top reinforcement; cnom_t = 30 mm
Rectangular section in flexure (Section 6.1)

Design bending moment; MEd.x.max = 31.7 kNm
Depth to tension reinforcement; d = h - cnom_b - y.bot - x.bot / 2 = 746 mm
K = MEd.x.max / (Ly  d2  fck) = 0.001
K' = (2    cc/C)(1 -   ( - K1)/(2  K2))(  ( -
K1)/(2  K2))
K' = 0.207
K' > K - No compression reinforcement is required
Lever arm; z = min(0.5 + 0.5  (1 - 2  K / (  cc / C))0.5, 0.95)  d
= 709 mm
Depth of neutral axis; x = 2.5  (d - z) = 93 mm
Area of tension reinforcement required; Asx.bot.req = MEd.x.max / (fyd  z) = 103 mm2

Tension reinforcement provided; 16  bars @ 150 c/c bottom
Area of tension reinforcement provided; Asx.bot.prov = 2413 mm2
Minimum area of reinforcement (exp.9.1N); As.min = max(0.26  fctm / fyk, 0.0013)  Ly  d = 2111
mm2
Maximum area of reinforcement (cl.9.2.1.1(3)); As.max = 0.04  Ly  d = 53712 mm2
PASS - Area of reinforcement provided is greater than area of reinforcement required
Crack control (Section 7.3)
Limiting crack width; wmax = 0.3 mm
Variable load factor (EN1990 – Table A1.1); 2 = 0.3
Serviceability bending moment; Msls.x.max = 5.8 kNm
Tensile stress in reinforcement; s = Msls.x.max / (Asx.bot.prov  z) = 3.4 N/mm2
Load duration factor; kt = 0.4
Effective depth of concrete in tension; hc.ef = min(2.5  (h - d), (h - x) / 3, h / 2) = 135 mm
Effective area of concrete in tension; Ac.eff = hc.ef  Ly = 243000 mm2
Mean value of concrete tensile strength; fct.eff = fctm = 3.0 N/mm2
Reinforcement ratio; p.eff = Asx.bot.prov / Ac.eff = 0.010
Modular ratio; e = Es / Ecm = 6.298
Bond property coefficient; k1 = 0.8
Strain distribution coefficient; k2 = 0.5
k3 = 3.4 =3.4
k4 = 0.425
Maximum crack spacing (exp.7.11); sr.max = k3  (cnom_b + y.bot) + k1  k2  k4  x.bot / p.eff =
430 mm
Maximum crack width (exp.7.8); wk = sr.max  max([s – kt  (fct.eff / p.eff) (1 + e  p.eff)] /
Es,
0.6  s / Es) = 0.004 mm
PASS - Maximum crack width is less than limiting crack width
Library item: Crack width output

Design bending moment; abs(MEd.x.min) = 33.7 kNm
Depth to tension reinforcement; d = h - cnom_t - y.top - x.top / 2 = 746 mm
K = abs(MEd.x.min) / (Ly  d2  fck) = 0.001
K' = (2    cc/C)(1 -   ( - K1)/(2  K2))(  ( -
K1)/(2  K2))
K' = 0.207
= 709 mm
Area of tension reinforcement required; Asx.top.req = abs(MEd.x.min) / (fyd  z) = 109 mm2
Tension reinforcement provided; 16  bars @ 150 c/c top
Area of tension reinforcement provided; Asx.top.prov = 2413 mm2
mm2

Serviceability bending moment; abs(Msls.x.min) = 9 kNm
Tensile stress in reinforcement; s = abs(Msls.x.min) / (Asx.top.prov  z) = 5.3 N/mm2
Reinforcement ratio; p.eff = Asx.top.prov / Ac.eff = 0.010
k3 = 3.4 =3.4
k4 = 0.425
Maximum crack spacing (exp.7.11); sr.max = k3  (cnom_t + y.top) + k1  k2  k4  x.top / p.eff =
430 mm
Es,
0.6  s / Es) = 0.006 mm
Rectangular section in shear (Section 6.2)

Design shear force; abs(VEd.x.min) = 37.3 kN
CRd,c = 0.18 / C = 0.120
k = min(1 + (200 mm / d), 2) = 1.518
Longitudinal reinforcement ratio; l = min(Asx.bot.prov / (Ly  d), 0.02) = 0.002
vmin = 0.035 N1/2/mm  k3/2  fck0.5 = 0.370 N/mm2
Design shear resistance (exp.6.2a & 6.2b); VRd.c = max(CRd.c  k  (100 N2/mm4  l  fck)1/3, vmin) 
Ly  d
VRd.c = 497.1 kN
PASS - Design shear resistance exceeds design shear force

Design bending moment; MEd.y.max = 37.9 kNm
Depth to tension reinforcement; d = h - cnom_b - y.bot / 2 = 762 mm
K = MEd.y.max / (Lx  d2  fck) = 0.001
K' = (2    cc/C)(1 -   ( - K1)/(2  K2))(  ( -
K1)/(2  K2))

K' = 0.207
= 724 mm
Area of tension reinforcement required; Asy.bot.req = MEd.y.max / (fyd  z) = 121 mm2
Area of tension reinforcement provided; Asy.bot.prov = 4624 mm2
Minimum area of reinforcement (exp.9.1N); As.min = max(0.26  fctm / fyk, 0.0013)  Lx  d = 4074
mm2
Maximum area of reinforcement (cl.9.2.1.1(3)); As.max = 0.04  Lx  d = 103632 mm2
Serviceability bending moment; Msls.y.max = 10.7 kNm
Tensile stress in reinforcement; s = Msls.y.max / (Asy.bot.prov  z) = 3.2 N/mm2
Effective area of concrete in tension; Ac.eff = hc.ef  Lx = 323000 mm2
Reinforcement ratio; p.eff = Asy.bot.prov / Ac.eff = 0.014
k3 = 3.4 =3.4
k4 = 0.425
Maximum crack spacing (exp.7.11); sr.max = k3  cnom_b + k1  k2  k4  y.bot / p.eff = 292 mm
Es,
0.6  s / Es) = 0.003 mm

Design bending moment; abs(MEd.y.min) = 21.4 kNm
Depth to tension reinforcement; d = h - cnom_t - y.top / 2 = 762 mm
K = abs(MEd.y.min) / (Lx  d2  fck) = 0.000
K' = (2    cc/C)(1 -   ( - K1)/(2  K2))(  ( -
K1)/(2  K2))
K' = 0.207
= 724 mm
Area of tension reinforcement required; Asy.top.req = abs(MEd.y.min) / (fyd  z) = 68 mm2
Area of tension reinforcement provided; Asy.top.prov = 4624 mm2
mm2

Serviceability bending moment; abs(Msls.y.min) = 1.3 kNm
Tensile stress in reinforcement; s = abs(Msls.y.min) / (Asy.top.prov  z) = 0.4 N/mm2
Reinforcement ratio; p.eff = Asy.top.prov / Ac.eff = 0.014
k3 = 3.4 =3.4
k4 = 0.425
Maximum crack spacing (exp.7.11); sr.max = k3  cnom_t + k1  k2  k4  y.top / p.eff = 292 mm
Es,
0.6  s / Es) = 0 mm
Punching shear (Section 6.4)

Strength reduction factor (exp 6.6N); v = 0.6  [1 - fck / 250 N/mm2] = 0.523
Average depth to reinforcement; d = 754 mm
Maximum punching shear resistance (cl.6.4.5(3)); vRd.max = 0.5  v  fcd = 4.744 N/mm2
k = min(1 + (200 mm / d), 2) = 1.515
Longitudinal reinforcement ratio (cl.6.4.4(1)); lx = Asx.bot.prov / (Ly  d) = 0.002
ly = Asy.bot.prov / (Lx  d) = 0.002
l = min((lx  ly), 0.02) = 0.002
CRd,c = 0.18 / C =0.120
vmin = 0.035 N1/2/mm  k3/2  fck0.5 = 0.369 N/mm2
Design punching shear resistance (exp.6.47); vRd.c = max(CRd.c  k  (100 N2/mm4  l  fck)1/3, vmin) =
0.369 N/mm2
Design punching shear resistance at 1d (exp. 6.50); vRd.c1 = (2  d / d)  vRd.c = 0.738 N/mm2
Column No.1 - Punching shear perimeter at column face
Punching shear perimeter; u0 = 1320 mm
Area within punching shear perimeter; A0 = 0.107 m2
Maximum punching shear force; VEd.max = 25 kN
Punching shear stress factor (fig 6.21N);  = 1.500
Maximum punching shear stress (exp 6.38); vEd.max =   VEd.max / (u0  d) = 0.038 N/mm2
PASS - Maximum punching shear resistance exceeds maximum punching shear stress
Column No.1 - Punching shear perimeter at 1d from column face
Design punching shear force; VEd.1 = 50.9 kN

Design punching shear stress (exp 6.38); vEd.1 =   VEd.1 / (u1  d) = 0.043 N/mm2
PASS - Design punching shear resistance exceeds increased design punching shear stress
Design punching shear force; VEd.2 = 22 kN
PASS - Design punching shear resistance exceeds design punching shear stress
Column No.2 - Punching shear perimeter at column face
Maximum punching shear force; VEd.max = 19.2 kN
Maximum punching shear stress (exp 6.38); vEd.max =   VEd.max / (u0  d) = 0.029 N/mm2
PASS - Maximum punching shear resistance exceeds maximum punching shear stress

3.3) Circuit breaker – Load Combination 2
Worst case upwards force, horizontal force and moment applied simultaneously.
Load onto each leg is as follows. See loading information on page 7:
Fzdead = -8.1kN / 2 = -4.05kN
Fximposed = 13.8kN / 2 = 6.9kN Fyimposed = 14kN / 2 = 7kN
Mximposed = 40.5kNm / 2 = 20.25kNm Myimposed = 46.3kNm / 2 = 23.15kNm
Foundation analysis in accordance with EN1997-1:2004 + A1:2013 incorporating corrigendum

February 2009 and the UK National Annex incorporating corrigendum No.1
Pad foundation details

Length of foundation; Lx = 3400 mm
Width of foundation; Ly = 1800 mm
Foundation area; A = Lx  Ly = 6.120 m2
Depth of foundation; h = 800 mm
Depth of soil over foundation; hsoil = 0 mm
Level of water; hwater = 0 mm
Density of water; water = 9.8 kN/m3
Density of concrete; conc = 24.5 kN/m3
Column no.1 details

Column no.2 details

Soil properties
Density of soil; soil = 18.0 kN/m3
Characteristic cohesion; c'k = 0 kN/m2
Characteristic effective shear resistance angle; 'k = 30 deg
Characteristic friction angle; k = 20 deg
Foundation loads
Self weight; Fswt = h  conc = 19.6 kN/m2
Column no.1 loads

Permanent axial load; FGz1 = -4.0 kN
Column no.2 loads
Permanent axial load; FGz2 = -4.0 kN
Bearing resistance (Section 6.5.2)
Force in x-direction; Fdx = FQx1 + FQx2 = 13.8 kN
Force in y-direction; Fdy = FQy1 + FQy2 = 14.0 kN
Force in z-direction; Fdz = A  Fswt + FGz1 + FGz2 = 111.9 kN
Moment in x-direction; Mdx = A  Fswt  Lx / 2 + FGz1  x1 + FGz2  x2 + MQx1 +
FQx1  h + MQx2 + FQx2  h = 241.7 kNm
Moment in y-direction; Mdy = A  Fswt  Ly / 2 + FGz1  y1 + FGz2  y2 + MQy1 +
FQy1  h + MQy2 + FQy2  h = 158.2 kNm

The extent of the footing acting in bearing has been determined using an iterative procedure. The volume of
the resulting bearing pressure diagram is equal in magnitude to the applied axial load and its centroid
coincides with the location of the resultant applied load. More details on the procedure adopted can be found
in the paper ‘Bearing pressures for rectangular footings with biaxial uplift’ by Kenneth E Wilson.
Pad base pressures
q1 = 0 kN/m2
q2 = 34.2 kN/m2
q3 = 0 kN/m2
q4 = 85.3 kN/m2
Minimum base pressure; qmin = min(q1, q2, q3, q4) = 0 kN/m2
Maximum base pressure; qmax = max(q1, q2, q3, q4) = 85.3 kN/m2
Presumed bearing capacity
Presumed bearing capacity; Pbearing = 100.0 kN/m2
PASS - Presumed bearing capacity exceeds design base pressure

Design approach 1

Force in x-direction; Fdx = Qf  (FQx1 + FQx2) = 0.0 kN
Force in y-direction; Fdy = Qf  (FQy1 + FQy2) = 0.0 kN
Force in z-direction; Fdz = G  A  Fswt + Gf  (FGz1 + FGz2) = 153.8 kN
Moment in x-direction; Mdx = G  A  Fswt  Lx / 2 + Gf  (FGz1  x1 + FGz2  x2)
+ Qf  (MQx1 + MQx2) + (Qf  (FQx1 + FQx2))  h = 261.5
kNm
Moment in y-direction; Mdy = G  A  Fswt  Ly / 2 + Gf  (FGz1  y1 + FGz2  y2)
+ Qf  (MQy1 + MQy2) + (Qf  (FQy1 + FQy2))  h = 138.5
kNm
Pad base pressure
Force in z-direction; Fdz = Gf  A  Fswt + G  (FGz1 + FGz2) = 109.0 kN

Design friction angle d = atan(tan(k) / ') = 20 deg
H / RH.d = 0.743
Design approach 1


Force in x-direction; Fdx = Qf  (FQx1 + FQx2) = 0.0 kN
Force in y-direction; Fdy = Qf  (FQy1 + FQy2) = 0.0 kN
Force in z-direction; Fdz = G  A  Fswt + Gf  (FGz1 + FGz2) = 111.9 kN
Moment in x-direction; Mdx = G  A  Fswt  Lx / 2 + Gf  (FGz1  x1 + FGz2  x2)
+ Qf  (MQx1 + MQx2) + (Qf  (FQx1 + FQx2))  h = 190.1
kNm
Moment in y-direction; Mdy = G  A  Fswt  Ly / 2 + Gf  (FGz1  y1 + FGz2  y2)
+ Qf  (MQy1 + MQy2) + (Qf  (FQy1 + FQy2))  h = 100.7
kNm
Pad base pressure

Force in z-direction; Fdz = Gf  A  Fswt + G  (FGz1 + FGz2) = 111.9 kN

Design friction angle d = atan(tan(k) / ') = 16.234 deg
H / RH.d = 0.785
Partial factors for uplift limit state - Table A.NA.15
Permanent unfavourable action; G.dst = 1.10
Permanent favourable action; G.stb = 0.90
Variable unfavourable action; Q.dst = 1.50
Variable favourable action; Q.stb = 0.00
Uplift limit state verification

Vertical force; Fdz.u = G.stb  A  Fswt + G.dst  (FGz1 + FGz2) = 99.0 kN
PASS - Foundation is not subject to failure by uplift

Foundation design in accordance with EN1992-1-1:2004 + A1:2014 incorporating corrigenda January
2008, November 2010 and January 2014 and the UK National Annex incorporating National
Amendment No.1 and No.2
Concrete details (Table 3.1 - Strength and deformation characteristics for concrete)
Concrete strength class; C32/40
Characteristic compressive cylinder strength; fck = 32 N/mm2
Characteristic compressive cube strength; fck,cube = 40 N/mm2
Mean value of compressive cylinder strength; fcm = fck + 8 N/mm2 = 40 N/mm2
Mean value of axial tensile strength; fctm = 0.3 N/mm2  (fck/ 1 N/mm2)2/3 = 3.0 N/mm2
5% fractile of axial tensile strength; fctk,0.05 = 0.7  fctm = 2.1 N/mm2
Secant modulus of elasticity of concrete; Ecm = 22 kN/mm2  [fcm/10 N/mm2]0.3 = 33346 N/mm2
Partial factor for concrete (Table 2.1N); C = 1.50
Compressive strength coefficient (cl.3.1.6(1)); cc = 0.85
Design compressive concrete strength (exp.3.15); fcd = cc  fck / C = 18.1 N/mm2
Tens.strength coeff.for plain concrete (cl.12.3.1(1)); ct,pl = 0.80
Des.tens.strength for plain concrete (exp.12.1); fctd,pl = ct,pl  fctk,0.05 / C = 1.1 N/mm2
Maximum aggregate size; hagg = 20 mm
Ultimate strain - Table 3.1; cu2 = 0.0035
Shortening strain - Table 3.1; cu3 = 0.0035
Effective compression zone height factor;  = 0.80
Effective strength factor;  = 1.00
Bending coefficient k1; K1 = 0.40
Bending coefficient k2; K2 = 1.00  (0.6 + 0.0014/cu2) =1.00
Bending coefficient k3; K3 =0.40
Bending coefficient k4; K4 =1.00  (0.6 + 0.0014/cu2) = 1.00
Reinforcement details
Characteristic yield strength of reinforcement; fyk = 500 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of reinforcement; Es = 210000 N/mm2
Partial factor for reinforcing steel (Table 2.1N); S = 1.15
Design yield strength of reinforcement; fyd = fyk / S = 435 N/mm2
Nominal cover to top of foundation; cnom_t = 30 mm
Cover is too low,
Nominal cover to bottom of foundation; cnom_b = 30 mm should be 50mm
Nominal cover to side of foundation; cnom_s = 30 mm top and sides and
Nominal cover to top reinforcement; cnom_t = 30 mm 75 bottom.

Design bending moment; MEd.x.max = 1.7 kNm
Depth to tension reinforcement; d = h - cnom_b - x.bot / 2 = 762 mm
K = MEd.x.max / (Ly  d2  fck) = 0.000
K' = (2    cc/C)(1 -   ( - K1)/(2  K2))(  ( -
K1)/(2  K2))
K' = 0.207
= 724 mm
Area of tension reinforcement required; Asx.bot.req = MEd.x.max / (fyd  z) = 5 mm2
Area of tension reinforcement provided; Asx.bot.prov = 2413 mm2
mm2
Serviceability bending moment; Msls.x.max = 1.7 kNm
Tensile stress in reinforcement; s = Msls.x.max / (Asx.bot.prov  z) = 1 N/mm2
Reinforcement ratio; p.eff = Asx.bot.prov / Ac.eff = 0.014
k3 = 3.4 =3.4
k4 = 0.425
Maximum crack spacing (exp.7.11); sr.max = k3  cnom_b + k1  k2  k4  x.bot / p.eff = 295 mm
Es,
0.6  s / Es) = 0.001 mm

Rectangular section in shear (Section 6.2)
Design shear force; VEd.x.max = 0.9 kN
CRd,c = 0.18 / C = 0.120
k = min(1 + (200 mm / d), 2) = 1.518
Longitudinal reinforcement ratio; l = min(Asx.bot.prov / (Ly  d), 0.02) = 0.002
vmin = 0.035 N1/2/mm  k3/2  fck0.5 = 0.370 N/mm2
Design shear resistance (exp.6.2a & 6.2b); VRd.c = max(CRd.c  k  (100 N2/mm4  l  fck)1/3, vmin) 
Ly  d
VRd.c = 497.1 kN
PASS - Design shear resistance exceeds design shear force

Design bending moment; abs(MEd.y.min) = 1.2 kNm
Depth to tension reinforcement; d = h - cnom_t - x.top - y.top / 2 = 746 mm
K = abs(MEd.y.min) / (Lx  d2  fck) = 0.000
K' = (2    cc/C)(1 -   ( - K1)/(2  K2))(  ( -
K1)/(2  K2))
K' = 0.207
= 709 mm
Area of tension reinforcement required; Asy.top.req = abs(MEd.y.min) / (fyd  z) = 4 mm2
Area of tension reinforcement provided; Asy.top.prov = 4624 mm2
mm2
Serviceability bending moment; abs(Msls.y.min) = 1.2 kNm
Tensile stress in reinforcement; s = abs(Msls.y.min) / (Asy.top.prov  z) = 0.4 N/mm2

Reinforcement ratio; p.eff = Asy.top.prov / Ac.eff = 0.010
k3 = 3.4 =3.4
k4 = 0.425
Maximum crack spacing (exp.7.11); sr.max = k3  (cnom_t + x.top) + k1  k2  k4  y.top / p.eff =
426 mm
Es,
0.6  s / Es) = 0 mm
Punching shear (Section 6.4)

Strength reduction factor (exp 6.6N); v = 0.6  [1 - fck / 250 N/mm2] = 0.523
Average depth to reinforcement; d = 746 mm
Maximum punching shear resistance (cl.6.4.5(3)); vRd.max = 0.5  v  fcd = 4.744 N/mm2
k = min(1 + (200 mm / d), 2) = 1.518
Longitudinal reinforcement ratio (cl.6.4.4(1)); lx = Asx.bot.prov / (Ly  d) = 0.002
ly = Asy.bot.prov / (Lx  d) = 0.002
l = min((lx  ly), 0.02) = 0.002
CRd,c = 0.18 / C =0.120
vmin = 0.035 N1/2/mm  k3/2  fck0.5 = 0.370 N/mm2
Design punching shear resistance (exp.6.47); vRd.c = max(CRd.c  k  (100 N2/mm4  l  fck)1/3, vmin) =
0.370 N/mm2
Design punching shear resistance at 1d (exp. 6.50); vRd.c1 = (2  d / d)  vRd.c = 0.740 N/mm2

3.4) Overturning Check - Circuit Breaker
Note: Forces below are unfactored and have been ascertained from loading information
provided by GE Grid Solutions. Please refer to Appendix A for details
Applied overturning moment in X direction:

40.5kNm + 13.8kN x 0.8m = 51.54kNm
(see page 7)
Overturning resistance:
(25 x 3.4m x 1.8m x 0.8m x 1.7m x 0.9) + ((5.3kN x 0.9) x 0.435m)
+ ((5.3kN x 0.9) x 2.965m)
= 203.49KNm
FOS = 203.49kNm / 51.54kNm = 3.95, therefore accept.
Applied overturning moment in Y direction:

46.3kNm + 14kN x 0.8m = 57.5kNm
(see page 7)
Overturning resistance:
(25 x 3.4m x 1.8m x 0.8m x 0.9m x 0.9) + ((10.6kN x 0.9) x 0.9m)
= 107.73KNm
FOS = 107.73kNm / 57.5kNm = 1.87, therefore accept. moment?
is this split over two
base plates?
What bolt diameter
3.5) Holding down bolt design has been
considered?
Check on uplift: please include full
tedds calc.
Axial force; Fc = ;33.9; kN (Compression)
Characteristic strength of concrete; fcu = 30 N/mm2
Effective width of plate; Bpc = min(Bp, B + 2L1) = ;310.0; mm
Depth of compression block; x = [-1.0b - (b2 - 4ac)]/(2a) = 28.6 mm
Compression force in concrete; Cf = 0.6  fcu  Bpc  x = 159.8 kN
Tension force in bolts; Tf = Cf - Fc = 125.9 kN

Holding down bolt anchorage
Note - the following calculation to check the holding down bolt anchorage into the foundation assumes that
the distance from the edge of an anchor plate to the nearest edge of the foundation is at least equal to the
depth of embedment of the anchor plate.
Tension force to be resisted; Ft = Tf = 125.9 kN
The clear distance between anchor plates is less than the embedment (E).

Effective concrete plan area; Aplan_eff = [sbolt(Nbolt/2-
1)+bap](bap+2E)+E2+2bapE-(Nbolt/2)bap2
Aplan_eff = 859655 mm2
For tension failure pull-out, effective tensile area; At_eff = Aplan_eff = 859655 mm2
Tensile strength of concrete; pt = 1.45 N/mm2
Pull-out capacity of tension bolts; Pt = pt  At_eff = 1246.5 kN
PASS - Holding down bolt anchorage is adequate (0.101)
Shear transfer to concrete
Assumed coefficient of friction;  = 0.30
Available shear resistance; Pv = Cf   = ;48; kN
PASS - Frictional shear capacity is adequate (0.292)
Check on shear:
By inspection, M24 bolt is adequate in shear for a shear force of 1.8kN
doesn't the
(see loadings in Appendix B) calculation check
shear?
In the case of the the load being applied diagonally on the baseplate, the resultant moment
is to be found and capacity for one holding down bolt to resist this resultant moment.
Mx = 40.5 kNm
Do these need to
My = 46.3 kNm
be divided by 2?
Mresultant = √(40.52 + 46.32) = 61.5 kNm
lever arm = √(3102 + 2302) = 386mm
Tension pull-out = 615kNm x 103 / 386mm = 159 kN
Holding down bolts

Capacity of one bolt in isolation:
Tensile area per bolt; At_b = 353.0 mm2
Tensile strength; pt_b = 560 N/mm2
Tension capacity (cl.6.3.4.3); Pt_b = pt_b ´ At_b = ;197.7; kN;
Capacity of 1 bolt with concrete pull-out resistance:
Pull-out capacity of tension bolts; Pt = pt  At_eff = 1246.5 kN / 4No. bolts

= 311.6kN
Therefore, bolt in isolation governs.
FOS = 197.7kN / 159kN = 1.24, hence holding down bolt OK
It is noted from our calculations that baseplates are failing in bending and bolt edge
distances. Baseplate design is by others.

3.6) Design summary
Pad width – 1.8 m

Pad length – 3.4 m
Pad depth – 0.8 m
Concrete grade – RC 32/40
Steel reinforcement – H16 bars at 150mm centres both directions on top and bottom
Top cover – 50mm
Side cover – 50mm
Bottom cover – 75mm

3.7) Concrete Specification
CONCRETE SPECIFICATION
In accordance with BS8500-1:2015 + A2:2019 incorporating corrigenda No.1 and No.2
Element definition
Element description; Biggleswade Pad Foundations
Intended working life; At least 100 years
Type of concrete; Reinforced, normal weight
Maximum aggregate size 20 mm
Allowance for deviation between minimum and nominal covers
cdev = 10 mm
Allowance for deviation (XA class); cdev_s = 10 mm
Exposure classes
Corrosion induced by carbonation (XC classes) - Table A.1
Class description; Dry or permanently wet
Class designation; XC1
Freeze/thaw attack (XF classes) - Table A.1
Class description; Moderate water saturation without de-icing agent
Class designation; XF1
Chemical attack (XA classes) - Table A.10
ACEC class; AC-1s
Section width; t = 800 mm
Hydraulic gradient (note B); Less than or equal to 5
Design chemical class; DC-1
Concrete requirements and specification

Consistence class S3
Minimum allowable nominal covers
For exposure class XC1 - Table A.5 25 mm
For design chemical class DC-1 - Table A.10 35 mm
Specified nominal cover 50 mm
PASS - The specified nominal cover is adequate
Minimum strength class with 50 mm cover
For exposure class XC1 - Table A.5 C20/25
For exposure class XF1 - Table A.9 C28/35
For design chemical class DC-1 - Table A.12 C25/30
Specified strength class C32/40
PASS - The specified strength class is adequate
Maximum water/cement ratio with 50 mm cover, 20 mm aggregate and C32/40 concrete
For exposure class XC1 - Table A.5 0.70
For exposure class XF1 - Table A.9 0.60
For design chemical class DC-1 - Table A.12 0.65
Specified maximum water/cement ratio 0.55
PASS - The specified maximum water cement ratio is acceptable
Minimum cement content with 50 mm cover and C32/40 concrete
For exposure class XC1 - Table A.5 240 kg/m3

For exposure class XF1 - Table A.9 280 kg/m3
For design chemical class DC-1 - Table A.12 260 kg/m3
For water/cement ratio of 0.55 - Table A.7 300 kg/m3
Specified minimum cement content 320 kg/m3
PASS - The specified minimum cement content is adequate
Recommended cements/combinations with 50 mm cover and C32/40 concrete
For exposure class XC1 - Table A.5 All in Table A.6
For exposure class XF1 - Table A.9 All in Table A.6
For design chemical class DC-1 - Table A.12 All in Table A.6
Recommended cement/combinations types CEM I, CEM I-SR0, CEM I-SR3, IIA, IIB-M, IIB-S, IIB-P,
IIB-Q, IIB-V, IIB-P + SR, IIB-Q + SR, IIB-V + SR, IIIA,
IIIA + SR, IIIB, IIIB + SR,IVB-P, IVB-Q, IVB-V
Designed concrete specification for Biggleswade Pad Foundations with 50 mm cover

The concrete shall be produced in accordance with BS8500-2.
Compressive strength class; C32/40
Maximum water/cement ratio; 0.55
Minimum cement/combination content; 320 kg/m3
Recommended cement/combinations types CEM I, CEM I-SR0, CEM I-SR3, IIA, IIB-M, IIB-S, IIB-P,
IIB-Q, IIB-V, IIB-P + SR, IIB-Q + SR, IIB-V + SR, IIIA,
IIIA + SR, IIIB, IIIB + SR,IVB-P, IVB-Q, IVB-V (DC-1)
Maximum aggregate size 20 mm
Chloride content class Cl 0, 40
Consistence class S3

Appendix A
Manufacturers Drawing Information

Appendix B
Email Correspondence on Loading Confirmation


96 - OMX - 0028 - BIGG - KIL - XX - XX - CA - C - 0207 - REV B - UKPN 132kV Incomer Circuit Breaker Calculation (SF Comments)

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CLIENT: NATIONAL GRID

OMEXOM DOCUMENT No.: BIGG_KIL_XX_XX_CA_C_0207

CUSTOMER DOCUMENT No.: 96_OMX_0028

INVESTMENT No.: 100794

BIGGLESWADE 400kV SUBSTATION

UKPN 132kV INCOMER CIRCUIT BREAKER FOUNDATION

B 26.03.24 NA SF SM Second Issue

A 24.10.23 NA SF SM First Issue

Rev. Date Prepared Reviewed Approved Comments

Page 1 of 45 We are VINCI Energies, working together with National Grid.

Manufacturers provided terminal loading information………………………………

Page 2 of 45 We are VINCI Energies, working together with National Grid.

▪ Design of new concrete foundations to support new electrical equipment

1.1.1) Site Description & Topography

Figure 1 Site Location

Page 3 of 45 We are VINCI Energies, working together with National Grid.

Kiloh Associates have reviewed the Geoenvironmental Appraisal undertaken by Dunelm

1.2.1) Design Standards and Codes of Practice

Page 4 of 45 We are VINCI Energies, working together with National Grid.

Applied Loads – Circuit Breaker

Figure 2 Manufacturers loading information - VS382926GAD01D_02 (see appendix A)

Figure 3 Manufacturers provided terminal loading information from email

Figure 4 Direction of applied forces- VS382926GAD01D_02 (see appendix A)

Page 6 of 45 We are VINCI Energies, working together with National Grid.

(Load combinations by GE Vernova. Refer to Appendix B, email dated 13/03/24.)

Loads adopted for design

(Worst case loads by others. Refer to Appendix B.)

Page 7 of 45 We are VINCI Energies, working together with National Grid.

▪ Concrete class is RC32/40

Page 8 of 45 We are VINCI Energies, working together with National Grid.

Load onto each leg is as follows. See loading information on page 7:

Fzdead = 33.9kN / 2 = 16.45kN

Fximposed = 13.8kN / 2 = 6.9kN Fyimposed = 14kN / 2 = 7kN

Mximposed = 40.5kNm / 2 = 20.25kNm Myimposed = 46.3kNm / 2 = 23.15kNm

Foundation analysis in accordance with EN1997-1:2004 + A1:2013 incorporating corrigendum

Pad foundation details

Column no.1 details

Page 9 of 45 We are VINCI Energies, working together with National Grid.

Column no.1 loads

Eccentricity of base reaction

Page 10 of 45 We are VINCI Energies, working together with National Grid.

Partial factors for spread foundations - Combination1

Eccentricity of base reaction

Pad base pressure

Sliding resistance verification (Section 6.5.3)

Page 11 of 45 We are VINCI Energies, working together with National Grid.

Eccentricity of base reaction

Pad base pressure

Sliding resistance verification (Section 6.5.3)

Page 12 of 45 We are VINCI Energies, working together with National Grid.

Rectangular section in flexure (Section 6.1)

Page 13 of 45 We are VINCI Energies, working together with National Grid.

Rectangular section in flexure (Section 6.1)

Page 14 of 45 We are VINCI Energies, working together with National Grid.

Rectangular section in shear (Section 6.2)

Rectangular section in flexure (Section 6.1)

Page 15 of 45 We are VINCI Energies, working together with National Grid.

Rectangular section in flexure (Section 6.1)

Page 16 of 45 We are VINCI Energies, working together with National Grid.

Punching shear (Section 6.4)

Page 17 of 45 We are VINCI Energies, working together with National Grid.

Page 18 of 45 We are VINCI Energies, working together with National Grid.

Load onto each leg is as follows. See loading information on page 7: