Phase Controlled Converter

Form factor
V
FF  or
Vo
Vor : rms value of output voltage.
Vo : Average value of output voltage.

Ripple Factor

RF = FF2  1

Distortion factor
V
DF  01
Vor
V01 : rms value of fundamental components of Vo
Vor : rms value of output voltage.

Total harmonic Distortion

1
THD  1
DF2

Single phase half wave uncontrolled rectifier

R – load RL – Load L – Load

VO Vm Vm 0
1  cos  
 2
IO Vm Vm Vm
1  cos  
R 2R L
ϒ      2
IO max  
2   2 ,  

 = Extinction angle, Angle at which ω goes to zero.

 If a free-wheeling diode is connected across the load (RL) that behaves as R-load as output
voltage goes to zero after t   when FD conducts.
 Single phase half wave controlled rectifier
i) R – load
Vm
 VO avg 
2
1  cos  
Vm
 IO avg 
2R
1  cos  
Vm2  sin2 
 Vor       
4  2 

Vor
2
R Vor
 Input power factor = 
VS IS VS

Vm
VS 
2
 α = firing angle

ii) R – L load
Vm
 Voavg 
2
 cos   cos  
Vm
 Io avg 
2R
 cos   cos  
Vm
 Vor       12  sin2  sin2 
2 

 Circuit turn off time, t c 

 2   


Single phase full – wave rectifier

 1 1
full converter Semi converter
VO 2Vm Vm

cos 

1  cos  
IS1 2 2 2 2
Io I cos 
  O 2
IS Io 
IO

DF 2 2 2 2
cos 
     2

DPF cos  cos 

2
IPF 2 2 2

cos 
   
1  cos  

DPF: Displacement power factor = cos  angle b w VS & IS1 

IS1 = fundamental components of IS

IPF: Input power factor
IPF = DPF x DF
DF: Distortion factor
In case of continuous conductions, outgoing thyristors stop conduction before incoming
thyristor start

Load 1 1

Full converter Semi – converter
R – load V V
Vo  m 1  cos   Vo  m 1  cos  
 
R – L load V V
Vo  m  cos   cos   Vo  m 1  cos  
 
RLE – load V  1
Vo   m  cos   cos    E         Vo  Vm 1  cos    E        
   