FAKULTI TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN

MEKANIKAL DAN PEMBUATAN

UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA
BMMA 2343 MICROPROCESSOR TECHNOLOGY

LAB SHEET 1

INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL CONCEPT

Learning LO2 Explain the microprocessor fundamentals, the internal architecture of the
Outcome (LO): microprocessor, and the programming technique.
LO5 Demonstrate the ability to complete tasks and assignments in a group
effectively.
Program PO5 Ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering
Outcome: fundamentals and engineering specialisation principles to defined and
applied engineering procedures, processes, systems or methodologies in the
field of Mechanical Engineering Technology.
PO5 Ability to select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern
engineering tools, with an understanding of their limitations.
Synopsis: The student will become familiar using the following:
▪ To understand basic characteristics of Digital Concept.
▪ Learn Multisim.
▪ To understand Digital System by using switches and LEDs as the input and output
interface.
▪ Simulate a circuit.

Related Lecture’s
Topic:
Prepared by: Dr. Shamsul Faisal bin Mohd Hussein Date: 15th Mac 2024

Approved by Date
LM/SLM/HOD

QMS : REVISION RECORDS

Revision Date Approved by

Description Prepared by :
No (DD/MM/YY) LM/SLM/HOD:
1.0 THEORY
A digital system is a data technology that uses discrete (discontinuous) values. By contrast,
non-digital (or analog) systems represent information using a continuous function. Although digital
representations are discrete, the information represented can be either discrete, such as numbers and
letters or continuous, such as sounds, images, and other measurements.

The word digital comes from the same source as the word digit and digitus (the Latin word for
finger), as fingers are used for discrete counting. It is most commonly used in computing and
electronics. In Figure below, a timing diagram called Most Significant (MSB) while the last bit called
Least Significant Bit (LSB). The term periodic means that the waveform is repetitive at specific time
interval with each successive pulse identical to the previous one.

HI
G ER LSB
LO
MS EF
W B tP tW
HIGH means 1 or 5V, LOW means 0 or 0V.
ER means Rising Edge and EF means Falling Edge.
tp means Time Interval is reciprocal of frequency, tp = 1/f seconds, f = 1/ tp
tw is Pulse Width used to calculate duty cycle, Duty cycle = tw / tp X 100%

Computer operates using electrical signal that can be expressed as 0 and 1 in binary system.
However, it is difficult for human to deal with a continuous binary number. Therefore, a numbering
system is introduced to simplify this problem. Three number systems that will be taught are Decimal
(Radix 10), Binary (Radix 2) and Hexadecimal (Radix 16).

2.0 EQUIPMENTS/ EXPERIMENT APPARATUS/ CONSUMABLE MATERIALS

i. Multsim online

3.0 PROCEDURES/ METHODOLOGY

Part A: Periodic Digital Signal

i. Sign-up for Multisim online at www.multisim.com.

ii. Create the circuit simulation as figure below. The source is Clock Voltage. Set it to 5Vpeak
and 600Hz.
iii. Press the play button to run simulation.

iv. Press the Grapher button.

v. Press stop button to stop simulation.
vi. Open the configuration pane on the right side of the browser. Choose X Axis for Type under
Cursors Categories.
vii. Scroll up the mouse scroll wheel to zoom-in the waveform until 2-3 cycles of waveform can be
seen.
viii. Move the Cursor 1 and Cursor 2 to the position as in theory section to take reading of time
interval, tp and pulse width, tw.
ix. Complete the Table 1.1.

Table 1.1
Frequency Duty Cycle Time Pulse
(Hz) (%) Interval, tp Width, tw
(ms) (ms)
600 50
2000 50
600 60
2000 60

x. Draw the waveform for each setting in Table 1.2 below:

Table 1.2: Waveform

600Hz, 50%

2000Hz, 50%
 600Hz, 60%

2000Hz, 60%

Part B: Number System Application

i. Go to File navigation menu on the left side on the Multisim Live. Press go to and choose Public Circuits.
ii. Search for “Hex Display” by MrsAmd. Open the circuit and click on simulate.

iii. Use the mouse to turn ON/OFF the switch.

iv. See the Display at DCD-Hex and complete the Table 1.3 below. Note that:

ON = 5V = HIGH = LOGIC 1
OFF = 0V = LOW = LOGIC 0
Table 1.3
 Switch
A (S3) S (S2)
L L
L L
L L
L L
L H
L H
L H
L H
H L
H L
H L
H L
H H
H H
H H
H H
Hex Data
D (S1) F (S0)
L L
L H
H L
H H
L L
L H
H L
H H
L L
L H
H L
H H
L L
L H
H L
H H

L=Low
H=High
4.0 RESULTS
You should explain the following items that related to your Lab activity:

i. Procedure - Justification of the chosen lab in Gemba

ii. Work Process – Activity during Gemba
iii. Outcome - The required result mentioned in procedure section

5.0 DISCUSSION
Part A: Periodic Digital Signal

i. Which waveform gives you the smaller Time Interval, 600Hz or 2000Hz for the same Duty Cycle setting?
Justify your answer.

________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

ii. Why do you get the same Time Interval for 2000Hz with 50% Duty Cycle and 2000hz with 60% Duty Cycle.

________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Part C: Number System Application

i. What is the 2-Bit Hexadecimal number for the following switches combination in the table?

Switch Hex Data

S7 S6 S5 S4 S3 S2 S1 S0
L L L L L H L L
L L L H L L L H
L L L H H L H L
L L L L L H H H
L L L H L L L L
L L L H H L H H

Your can draw circuit such as below to help you fill up the table.

6.0 CONCLUSION

Nil.

7.0 OTHERS

The report must be prepared as APPENDIX.

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

Your response to each task will be graded separately based on the checklist attached. To obtain
maximum marks, ensure that your response addresses each of the tasks in the question accordingly.

Assessment checklist for Lab Activity 1

Assessment tasks Mark LO PO C/P/A level

allocation

Procedure (Ability to select

components/equipment and apply 10 LO3 PO5 C3 - Apply
correct techniques)

Results (Ability to present the 25 LO3 PO5 C3 - Apply

outcome correctly)

Discussion (Ability to explain the 30 LO2 PO1 C2 – Understand

outcomes clearly)

Questions (Capability to answer 25 LO2 PO1 C2 – Understand

correctly)

Conclusion (Ability to summarize 10 LO3 PO5 C1 - Remember

the activities during the lab)

TOTAL 100

SPECIFIC INSTRUCTION

1. Answer in ENGLISH .
2. Must include list of references .
3. Submit your assignment ONCE only in a SINGLE file.
4. Submit your assignment ONLINE.
5. Submission date: Week 4
6. This lab report/activity accounts for 5% of the total marks for the course.
APPENDIX
 FAKULTI TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN
MEKANIKAL DAN PEMBUATAN
UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA
BMMA 2343 MICROPROCESSOR TECHNOLOGY

LAB REPORT 1

INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL CONCEPT

INSTRUCTOR’S NAME

STUDENT’S NAME MATRIX NO:

S1.
S2.

ASSESSEMENT RUBRICS
MARK GIVEN
ASSESSMENT TASK/ITEMS MARKS
ALLOCATION
1. Procedure (Ability to select components /
10
equipment and apply correct techniques)
2. Results (Ability to present the outcome 25
correctly)
3. Discussion (Ability to explain the outcomes 30
clearly)
4. Questions (Capability to answer correctly) 25
5. Conclusion (Ability to summarize the activities 10
during the lab)
TOTAL MARKS 100

Approved By: ………………………………………………..…..

(Instructor’s Signature & Stamp)

Date: …………………………………………….........
PROCEDURE - Justification of the chosen lab

WORK PROCESS – Activity during lab

OUTCOME - RESULTS
OUTCOME (EXPLANATION OF THE RESULTS)
OUTCOME (DISCUSSION)
i. Which waveform gives you the smaller Time Interval, 600Hz or 2000Hz for the same Duty Cycle
setting? Justify your answer.

ii. Why do you get the same Time Interval for 2000Hz with 50% Duty Cycle and 2000hz with 60% Duty
Cycle.
iii. What is the 2-Bit Hexadecimal number for the following switches combination in the table?

Switch
Hex Data
S4 S3 S2 S1 S0
L L H L L
H L L L H
H H L H L
L L H H H
H L L L L
H H L H H