Pearson Edexcel International GCSE

(9-1) Business Student Book 1st Edition

Rob Jones
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Crossostoma, 408
Crucibulum, 248, 412
Cryptochiton, 245, 371, 402, 404
Cryptochorda, 425
Cryptoconchus, 404
Cryptophthalmus, 430
Cryptostracon, 353, 441
Ctenidia, 151—see Branchiae
Ctenopoma, 346–351, 414
Cucullaea, 274, 448
Cultellus, 457
Cuma, 423
Cumingia, 453
Cuspidaria, 459;
branchiae, 168
Cuvierina, 436, 436
Cyane, 410
Cyathopoma, 247, 268, 314, 338, 414
Cyclas, 453;
veliger, 132;
ova, 146;
otocyst, 197;
C. cornea, thread-spinning, 29;
distribution, 282
Cyclina, 454
Cyclobranchiata, 156
Cyclocantha, 409
Cyclomorpha, 414
Cyclonassa, 423
Cyclonema, 409
Cyclophoridae, origin, 21
Cyclophorus, 302, 306–319, 329–334, 344, 352–358, 414;
jaws, 212;
radula, 21
Cyclostoma, 328, 331–338, 414, 414;
stomach, 239;
vision, 184;
 osphradium, 195;
nervous system, 205;
C. elegans, 287, 288
Cyclostomatidae, origin, 21;
radula, 224;
gait, 199
Cyclostrema, 408
Cyclosurus, 247, 337, 414
Cyclotopsis, 338, 414
Cyclotus, 296, 319, 320, 414
Cylichna, 428, 430;
radula, 215
Cylindrella, 247, 260, 278, 343–355, 348, 442;
monstrosity, 251, 252
Cylindrellidae, radula, 233, 234
Cylindrites, 430
Cylindrobulla, 430
Cylindromitra, 425;
radula, 222
Cymbium, 255, 367, 425;
radula, 221
Cymbulia, 437
Cymbuliopsis, 437
Cynodonta, 424
Cyphoma, 419
Cypraea, 178, 419;
prices given for rare, 122;
mantle-lobes, 177, 178;
radula, 224;
shell, 255, 260, 261;
C. moneta, 96
Cypraecassis, 420
Cypraedia, 419
Cypraeovula, 419
Cyprimeria, 454
Cyprina, 451
Cyrena, 15, 453;
 distribution, 285, 294
Cyrenella, 453
Cyrtia, 505;
stratigraphical distribution, 507, 508
Cyrtoceras, 394
Cyrtodaria, 457
Cyrtodonta, 452
Cyrtolites, 407
Cyrtonotus, 448
Cyrtotoma, 414
Cysticopsis, 346–351, 441
Cystiscus, 425
Cystopelta, 325, 326, 440
Cytherea, 454, 454

Dacrydium, 449
Daedalochila, 441
Dall, W. H., quoted, 35;
on branchiae, 164
Damayantia, 440
Daphnella, 426
Darbyshire, R. D., on tenacity of life, 39
Dardania, 415
Dart-sac, 142
Daudebardia, 289, 292 f., 440
Davidsonia, 505, 508
Dawsonella, 410
Dayia, 505, 508
Decapoda, 385 f.
Decollation, 260
Deep-sea Mollusca, 374
De Folin, experiment on Cyclostoma, 157
Deianira, 410
Delage, experiments on otocysts, 197
Delphinula, 409
Deltidium, 499
Dendronotus, 433;
 protective coloration, 72;
habits, 51
Dentalium, 6, 444, 445;
used as money, 97;
veliger, 131;
radula, 228
Dentellaria, 350–355, 441;
aperture, 63
Desert species, 25, 85
Deshayesia, 411
Desmoulea, 423
Development of fertilised ovum, 130 f.
Dexiobranchaea, 437
Diadema, 414
Diala, 415
Dialeuca, 441
Diaphora, 314
Diaphorostoma, 412
Diastema, 418
Diastoma, 417
Diaulula, 434
Dibaphus, 425
Dibranchiata, 380;
eye, 183;
nervous system, 207
Diceras, 269, 455
Didaena, 12, 297, 455
Differences of sex, 133
Dignomia, 511
Digonopora, 134, 144
Diloma, 408
Dimorphoptychia, 410
Dimya, 450
Dinobolus, 504, 508
Dinoplax, 403
Ditocardia, 9, 170, 405 f.
Diplodonta, 452
Diplommatina, 302–327, 413
Diplomphalus, 322, 323, 440
Diplopoma, 346, 351, 414
Dipsaccus, 424
Dipsas, 307
Discina, 464, 468, 471, 475, 487;
distribution, 485;
fossil, 493, 504;
stratigraphical distribution, 506, 508
Discinidae, 487, 496, 504, 508, 511
Discinisca, 487, 510;
distribution, 485, 486
Discites, 395
Discodoris, 434
Discosorus, 394
Distortio, 255—see Persona
Ditropis, 312, 314, 414
Docoglossa, 227, 405
Dolabella, 428, 431
Dolabrifer, 431
Dolium, 419;
acid secretion, 237
Donax, 269, 446, 453
Dondersia, 404
Dorcasia, 333, 441
Doridium, 430
Doridunculus, 434;
radula, 229
Doriopsis, 434
Doris, breathing organs, 159;
radula, 230
Dorsanum, 423
Dosidicus, 390
Dosinia, 454
Doto, 433;
protective coloration, 71
Dreissensia, 14, 123, 452;
 hibernation, 26;
singular habitat, 48;
veliger, 132, 146;
eyes, 192
Dreissensiomya, 452
Drepania, 434
Drillia, 426
Drymaeus, 356, 442
Dryptus, 356, 441
Durgella, 301, 304, 440
Dwarf varieties, 88
Dybowskia, 290

Eastonia, 454
Eburna, 267, 424;
radula, 220
Ecardines, 466;
muscles, 476;
fossil, 493;
families, 487, 503, 508
Eccyliomphalus, 413
Echinospira, 133
Edentulina, 338
Egg-laying of Arion, 42 f.;
of Mollusca generally, 123
Eglisia, 411
Eider-duck, shells used by, 102
Elaea, 322, 440
Elasmoneura, 411
Eledone, 385, 385;
radula, 236
Elizia, 456
Elysia, 432;
protective coloration, 73;
breathing, 152;
radula, 217, 230, 432
Emarginula, 265, 406
Embletonia, 429
Emmericia, 415
Ena, 296, 442
Enaeta, 425
Endoceras, 394
Endodonta, 325, 334, 441
Engina, 424
Enida, 408
Ennea, 298, 302, 306, 309, 314, 316, 328–337, 440, 440;
habits, 54;
E. bicolor, 279
Enoplochiton, 403, 403
Enoploteuthis, 391
Ensis, 457
Entocolax, 77, 79, 152
Entoconcha, 77, 79, 152, 216
Entovalva, 77, 82
Ephippodonta, 453;
commensal, 81
Epidromus, 420
Epiphragm, 26, 27 f.
Epipodia, 427
Erato, 419
Eremophila, 294
Ergaea, 248, 412
Erinna, 327, 439
Erosion, 276
Ervilia, 454
Erycina, 453
Escargotières, 119
Estria, 329, 440
Estuarine species, 14
Ethalia, 409
Eucalodium, 260, 353, 442
Euchelus, 408
Euchrysallis, 420
Eudioptus, 442
Eudoxochiton, 403
Euhadra, 316, 318, 441
Eulamellibranchiata, 451;
gill, 166, 167
Eulima, 422;
parasitic, 77, 79
Eulimella, 250, 422
Eulota, 296, 441
Euomphalus, 247, 413
Euplecta, 440
Eupleura, 423
Euplocamus, 434
Eurybia, 438
Eurycampta, 346–351
Eurycratera, 349, 351, 441
Eurystoma, 304
Eurytus, 442
Euthria, 424
Euthyneura, 203
Eutrochatella, 347–351, 348, 410
Exploring expeditions, 362
Eye in Mollusca, 181 f.

Facelina, 432
Fasciolaria, 424;
radula, 221
Fastigiella, 416
Favorinus, 432
Fenella, 415
Fertilised ovum, development, 130 f.
Ferussacia, 291, 293, 297 f., 442
Fiji islanders, use of shells, 98
Filibranchiata, 448;
gill, 166
Fiona, 432;
radula, 217
Firoloida, 421
Fischer and Bouvier, on breathing of Ampullaria, 158
Fischeria, 15, 328, 453
Fish devour Mollusca, 59
Fissurella, 265, 406;
breathing organs, 153;
apical hole, 156;
nervous system, 204;
radula, 227;
growth, 261
Fissurellidaea, 406
Fissuridea, 406
Fissurisepta, 406
Fistulana, 262, 457
Flabellina, 432
Fluminicola, 415
Folinia, 415
Food of Mollusca, 30 f.;
Mollusca as food, 102 f.
Foot, 198;
in classification, 5
Forel, on deep-water Limnaea, 162
Formation of shell, 255
Fortisia, 429
Fossarina, 413
Fossarulus, 302, 415
Fossarus, 413
Fourth orifice in mantle, 174
Fresh-water species living in sea, 12;
frozen hard, 24
Frogs and toads devour Mollusca, 58
Fruticicola, 285, 290, 316, 318, 441
Fruticocampylaea, 296
Fryeria, 434
Fulgur, 249, 424
Fusispira, 420
Fusus, 262, 424
Gadinia, 152, 431;
breathing, 18, 151;
classification, 19;
radula, 217, 230
Gain, W. A., quoted, 32, 33, 39;
on taste of Mollusca, 179
Galatea, 15, 328, 336, 453
Galeomma, 175, 453
Galerus, 248, 412;
egg-capsules, 125
Garstang, W., on protective and warning coloration, 73
Gaskoin, on tenacity of life, 38;
on egg-laying, 42
Gassies, on hybrid union in snails, 130
Gasteropoda, on classification, 8, 11, 400 f.
Gastrana, 453
Gastrochaena, 457;
habits, 64
Gastrodonta, 440
Gastropteron, 245, 430
Gaza, 376, 408
Gena, 246, 408
Genea, 424
Genotia, 426
Geomalacus, 160, 288, 291, 441;
protective coloration, 70
Geomelania, 16, 348, 351, 414
Georgia, 331, 414
Georissa, 318, 410
Geostilbia, 338, 442
Gerontia, 441
Gerstfeldtia, 290
Gibbula, 408
Gibbus, 328–338, 440, 440
Gillia, 415
Gills—see Branchiae
Girasia, 301, 304, 440
Glandina, 54, 178, 278, 292 f., 339–355, 440;
radula, 231, 232;
habits, 53
Glands, germ, 134, 140;
nidamental, 136
Glassia, 501, 505
Glaucomya, 320, 454
Glaucus, 429, 432
Gleba, 437
Glessula, 301, 309, 310, 333, 442
Glochidium, 147
Glomus, 448
Glossoceras, 394
Glossophora, 7
Glottidia, distribution, 485, 487
Glycimeris, 457
Glyphis, 406
Glyptostoma, 341, 441
Gomphoceras, 394, 395
Gonatus, 391
Goniatites, 397, 398
Goniobasis, 341, 417
Goniodoris, 434;
protective coloration, 73;
radula, 229
Goniomya, 458
Gonostoma, 291, 316, 441
Goniostomus, 442
Grammysia, 459
Grateloupia, 454
Great Eastern and mussels, 116
Greenhouses, slugs in, 35
Green oysters, 108
Gresslya, 458
Growth of shell, 40, 257
Guesteria, 440
Guildfordia, 409
Guivillea, 186, 376, 425
Gulls and Mollusca, 56
Gundlachia, 19, 325, 345, 352, 359, 439
Gymnoglossa, 216, 225, 422
Gymnosomata, 437
Gyroceras, 247, 395
Gyrotoma, 417

Hadra, 306, 315, 319–325, 322, 441

Hadriania, 423
Haemoglobin, 171
Hainesia, 336, 414
Halia, 366, 426
Haliotinella, 431
Haliotis, 266, 407;
and coyote, 57;
holes of, 156;
osphradium, 195;
epipodium, 199;
nervous system, 204;
radula, 215, 226
Halopsyche, 159, 438, 438
Haminea, 428, 430;
protective coloration, 73
Hamites, 399
Hamulina, 399
Hanleyia, 403
Hapalus, 331, 442
Harpa, radula, 425, 216, 221;
self-mutilation, 45
Harpagodes, 418
Harpoceras, 399
Harvella, 454
Hatching of eggs, 43
Hazay, on duration of life, 39;
on variation in Limnaea, 93
Hearing powers of Mollusca, 196
Heart, in classification, 9;
action during hibernation, 26;
and branchiae, 169
Hectocotylus arm, 137 f.
Helcion, 405;
protective coloration, 69
Helcioniscus, 405
Hele, F. M., on Hyalinia, 33;
on Stenogyra, 34
Helicarion, 309, 316, 325, 332, 440;
radula, 232;
habits, 45, 67
Helicidae, radula, 232, 234
Helicina, 305, 306, 316–327, 338–358, 410;
origin, 21;
exterminated by cold, 24
Helicophanta, 335, 336, 441, 441
Heligmus, 449
Helix, 441;
toothed aperture, 63;
protective coloration, 70;
variation, 87;
carbonic acid, 163;
eye, 181, 183;
food, 179;
smell, 194;
jaw, 211;
distribution, 285;
tenacity of life, 37;
breeding, 129
Helix alternata, 340;
angulata, 350;
aperta, 38, 39, 51, 293;
arbustorum, bathing, 23;
caperata, variation, 89;
cereolus, 340;
cicatricosa, 316;
crenilabris, 45;
delphinuloides, 297;
desertorum, 37, 38, 70, 294;
fidelis, 341;
haemastoma, habits, 70;
harpa, 287;
hortensis, 10, 279;
pulsations, 26;
epiphragm, 28;
rock-boring, 49;
dart, 143;
imperator, 347;
habits, 45;
laciniosa, 297;
lactea, 25, 38, 42, 279;
lima, 350;
muscarum, 347;
nemoralis, 38, 180;
niciensis, 292;
nux denticulata, 350;
palliata, 340;
pisana, 25;
habits, 33;
pomatia, 25, 34, 40;
eye, 181;
pomum, 322;
pulchella, 279;
richmondiana, 322;
rosacea, 259;
rostrata, 347;
rota, 314;
rufescens, pulsations, 26;
similaris, 279;
souverbiana, 336, 441;
strigata, 293;
tristis, habits, 49;
turricula, 297;
 Veatchii, 38;
Waltoni, 304;
Wollastoni, 297;
zonata, 293
Helix aspersa, homing, 35;
smell, 36;
duration of life, 39;
growth, 40;
strength, 45;
boring rock, 50;
variation, 87, 89;
eaten, 119;
hybrid union, 130;
generative organs, 140 f., 141;
dart-sac, 143;
pulmonary chamber, 160;
radula, 217;
alimentary canal, 237;
monstrosities, 251, 252;
growth, 258;
distribution, 279, 289
Hemiarthrum, 403
Hemicardium, 455
Hemidonax, 453
Hemifusus, 424
Hemipecten, 450
Hemiplecta, 310, 316, 319, 321, 440
Hemisepius, 389
Hemisinus, 357, 417
Hemitoma, 265
Hemitrichia, 314
Hemitrochus, 346–351, 441
Hemphillia, 245, 341, 441
Hercoceras, 395
Herdman, Prof. W. A., on cerata of Nudibranchs, 71 f.;
experiments on taste of Nudibranchs, 72;
on Littorina rudis, 151 n.
Hermaea, 432;
protective coloration, 73
Hermaphrodite Mollusca, 134, 140, 145
Hermit-crabs, shells used by, 102
Hero, 432
Heterocardia, 454
Heterodiceras, 455
Heteropoda, 9, 420 f.;
radula, 228;
foot, 200
Heudeia, 316, 410
Hexabranchus, 434
Hibernation, 25, 163
High altitudes, Mollusca living at, 24
Himella, 15
Hindsia, 424
Hindsiella, 453
Hinge area, 493, 498
Hinge, in bivalves, 272
Hinnites, 257, 450
Hipponyx, 248, 412
Hippopus, 455
Hippurites, 455, 456
Histiopsis, 391
Histioteuthis, 391
Holcostoma, 417
Holohepatica, 433
Holopella, 411
Holospira, 339, 353, 442
Holostomata, 156
Homalogyra, 413;
radula, 223
Homalonyx, 245, 343-358, 443
Homing powers of Mollusca, 34
Homorus, 330–337, 443
Hoplites, 399
Hoplopteron, 422
Horea, 332
Horiostoma, 409
Hot springs, Mollusca living in, 25
Huronia, 394
Hyalaea, 10, 436
Hyalimax, 245, 305, 306, 338, 443
Hyaline stylet, 240
Hyalinia, 440;
pulsations, 26;
food, 33;
smell, 194;
dart, 143;
radula, 232, 234;
distribution, 287 f., 318, 340–357;
H. alliaria, 279;
smell, 194;
cellaria, 279;
Draparnaldi, 33
Hyalocylix, 437
Hyalosagda, 352
Hybocystis, 305, 309, 414
Hybridism, 129
Hydatina, 430;
radula, 231
Hydrobia, 325, 332, 415;
H. ulvae, egg-laying, 128
Hydrocena, 298, 410;
radula, 226
Hymenoptera build in dead shells, 102
Hypobranchaea, 434;
radula, 230
Hypotrema, 448
Hypselostoma, 248, 302, 305, 314, 442
Hyria, 344, 452
Hystricella, 297

Ianthina, 360, 126, 411;

 egg-capsules, 125;
eyes, 186;
radula, 224
Iapetella, 385
Iberus, 285–293, 297, 441
Ichthyosarcolites, 456
Idalia, 179, 429, 434;
radula, 229, 230
Idas, 449
Idiosepion, 389
Illex, 390
Imbricaria, 425;
radula, 221
Imperator, 409
Indians of America, use of shells, 100
Infundibulum, 408
Inioteuthis, 389
Ink-sac, 241
Inoceramus, 449
Insects eaten by Mollusca, 32
Insularia, 319, 320
Intestine, 241
Io, 16, 340, 417
Iopas, 423
Iphigenia, 15, 453
Iravadia, 305, 415
Iridina, 294
Irus, 297
Isanda, 409
Ischnochiton, 403
Isidora, 298, 320–327, 333, 336, 359, 439
Ismenia, 404
Isocardia, 269, 451, 451
Isodonta, 453
Isomeria, 343, 356, 441
Issa, 434
Jamaicia, 414
Janella, 161, 443;
pulmonary orifice, 161
Janellidae, radula, 234;
distribution, 321–326
Janus, 432
Japonia, 318
Jaws, 210
Jeanerettia, 346–351, 441
Jeffreys, Dr., on Limnaea, 34;
on Neptunea, 193
Jeffreysia, 415;
radula, 223
Jorunna, protective coloration, 73
Jouannettia, 457
Jullienia, 307, 415
Jumala, 424

Kaliella, 301, 304, 310, 314–317, 335, 440

Kalinga, 434
Kashmir, land Mollusca, 280
Katherina, 403
Kelletia, 424
Kellia, 453
Kellyella, 452
Kidneys, 242
King, R. L., on smell in bivalves, 195
Kingena, 506, 508
Kitchen-middens, 104
Koninckella, 505;
stratigraphical distribution, 507, 508
Koninckina, 505;
stratigraphical distribution, 507, 508
Koninckinidae, 501, 505, 508
Kutorgina, 504;
stratigraphical distribution, 506, 508;
embryonic shell, 509
Labial palps, 210
Labyrinthus, 342, 353–357, 441;
aperture, 63
Lacaze-Duthiers on Testacella, 52 f.;
on smell in Helix, 194
Lacuna, 413
Lacunopsis, 332
Lagena, 424
Lagochilus, 309, 316–319, 414
Lamellaria, 245, 411;
habits and protective coloration, 74;
parasitic, 78;
radula, 223
Lamellidoris, 434;
radula, 229, 230, 231
Lampania, 417
Land Mollusca, origin, 11 f.
Lanistes, 249, 294, 328, 331, 416
Lankester, Prof. E. Ray, on shell-gland, 132;
on haemoglobin, 171
Lantzia, 278, 338, 439
Laoma, 441
Larina, 302, 417
Larvae of Pelecypoda, 7;
of insects resembling Mollusca, 67 f.
Lasaea, 453
Latia, 19, 326, 439
Latiaxis, 423
Latirus, 424
Latter, O. H., on Glochidium, 147
Layard, E. L., on self-burying Mollusca, 41;
on sudden appearance of Stenogyra, 47;
on Coeliaxis, 49;
on Rhytida and Aerope, 54
Leda, 447
Leia, 348–351, 442
Leila, 344, 452