MUSIC 2ND QUARTER
● Performed by the people with little or
REVIEWER
Afro-Latin American Popular Music
● Timbre- describes the sound, also
known as “tone color”
● Pitch- high or low
● Rhythm- long or short
● Tempo- fast or slow
● Dynamics- crescendo or
decrescendo
- Crescendo- loud
- Decrescendo- soft
● Texture- layer of sounds
- Monophony- single
- Homophony- two
- Polyphony- more than two
● Product of 3 major influence:
- Indigenous Spanish
- Portuguese
- Africa
Music of Latin America
● Tango- originated in Buenos Aires
● “Tango” an African origin meaning
“African Dance” from a Spanish
word “Taner” meaning “to play” an
instrument
● Cha cha- ballroom dance originated
in Cuba, derived from the mambo
● Rumba- recreational dance of
Aflo-cuban origin, “Rumba” was
used as a synonym for “party” in
Northern cuba
● Bossa Nova- slower and gentle
version of Cuban samba,
portuguese name “new trend”
Popular
● “Music of the Populace”
● Large audience
no musical training
Folk Music
● Expresses the character or ethnic
and social groups
● Music transmitted orally
● Music with unknown composers or
music performed by custom over a
long period of time
Country and Western
● Usually sung solo accompanied by a
guitar or banjo
● Shows the romantic imagery of the
cowboy-depicting heroic deeds,
nature
Ballads
● Pertains to a love song in slightly
pop or rock music
Disco
● Rock music that is more danceable
Music of Africa
● Africans used music in different
aspects: work, religion, ceremonies
and communications
● Singing and dancing
● Call and response
● Maracatu- group of 100 ppl
composed of a chorus, coterie
dancers and drummers
● Blues- african slaves and their
descendants used to sing as they
wanted in the cotton and vegetable
fields
- Expressing feelings rather than
telling stories
- Emotion expressed is sadness and
melancholy

● Soul- Aretha Franklin is known as
the queen of soul
- Catchy rhythm is accompanied by
hand claps and extemporaneous
body moves are important features.
- Emphasize the feeling of being an
american-african in the US
● Spiritual- sang by the African slaves
- Used as outlet to express loneliness
and anger
- Lyrics are mainly religious and
sometimes taken from the bible
Music Instruments of Africa
● Idiophones- percussion instruments
stuck with a mallet or against one
another
- Balaton- west african xylophone,
made from logs or bamboo, follow
the structure of a piano, originally an
asian instrument
- Rattles- made of seashells, wood
and metal
- Agogo- a single or multiple bells,
oldest samba instrument, highest
pitch among the instruments
- Atingting Kon- used as
communication between villages,
carved out of wood to resemble
ancestors. Send specific message
- Slit drum- constructed from bamboo
or wood, Different wide or thickness
produces different pitches
- Djembe- played with bare hands, the
bigger the drum, the lower the tone
or pitch
● Membranophones- Usually drums,
Vibrating animal membranes
- Body percussion- african people
frequently use their bodies as
musical instruments, they wear
rattles or bells to enhance the sound
- Talking Drum- send messages to
announce birth, death, marriage,
dance, invitation or war
● Lamellophone- keys mounted on a
sound board, different names
according to the region Mbira
Kalimba
- Kalimba- thumb piano or finger
xylophone
● Chordophone- produce sounds from
the vibration of strings
- Lute- shaped like modern guitar and
played in similar fashion
- Kora- africa’s most sophisticated
harp
- Zithes- instrument consisting of
many strings stretched across a thin,
flat body. Played with strumming or
plucking the strings with the fingers
or a plectrum
● Aerophones- produce sounds by
trapping or enclosing a body of
column of air and causing it to
vibrate
- Panpipes- consists of cane pipes of
different lengths tied in a row
- Trumpets- announce the arrival or
departure of important quests
- Kudo Horn- made from elephant
tusks and animal horns
● Original Pinoy Music-1980’s to
1990’s are known as the golden era
of the OPM
● Ballad- OPM is commonly referred
to as Filipino Ballad, Filipino love
song
● Philippine Pop music- started as an
adaptation or translation, use of
 taglish, influenced by an american ● Digital photography- photos means
rock band such as beatles light, graphos means writing, refers
● Philippine Alternative Folk Music to an art created by light
- Presenting themes or issues of
philippine society and the ● Digital point and shoot and Film
environment point and shoot are the two types
● Basic tips for taking good
● Master rapper and king of pinoy rap- photographs:
Francis Magalona - Choose a good location
- Check if the bg is simple and not
cluttered
ARTS - Natural light is usually effective
- Avoid taking shots facing the light
- Position your subject where you
Computer Generated or Manipulated want in relation to the location, bg
and source of light
● Computer/Digital Arts- first came on - If candid shot, position urself where
the scene in the early 1960’s, make u can capture most engaging
use of electronic and mechanical moment or expression
devices, artistic expression through - Take far, medium-distance or close
the application or scientific and up shots
mathematical principle
● Polygon drawing- Frieder Nake ● Video games- known as computer
(1965) games
● Ronald Davis- Mountain and ● Digital painting- method of creating
ataurolyte an artwork using a computer
● Mobile phone art- form of modern art ● Video/technology or Imaging videos-
through technology on mobile social media purposes,
phones medical/scientifical
● Things we can do: ● Social media purposes- targeting the
- Re-size netizens of today, online aids and
- Crop mobile phones displays
- Wrap ● Medical/Scientofical- Magnetic
- Rotate Resource Imaging (MRI),
- Flip Computerized Tomography (CT)
- Adjust brightness scans, ultrasound tests or
- Adjust sharpness sonographs (2D,3D,4D)
- Change colors
- Gray scale
- Sepia
- Apply a texture
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
- Add text
- Apply frames Active Recreation Fitness
● Aerobic Exercise- repetitive, requires
the body’s metabolic system to use
oxygen for production of energy, ex.
are swimming, cycling, walking,
jogging, dancing
● Anaerobic Exercise- activity that
breaks down glucose for energy
without using oxygen, ex. are
strength training, weight lifting,
jumping rope, high knee jump and
jump squats
● Goal setting- make a goal fit to
needs and desires, make sure these
are measurable
● Choose Exercise- choose exercise
that will build motivation and make
you committed
● FITT Principle- help maintaining and
improve the level of a particular
fitness component
● Frequency (F)- how often do you
perform this exercise?
● Intensity (I)- how hard should you be
working the exercise?
● Time (T)- how long (in min.) is the
exercise performed?
● Type of Exercise (T)- the kind of
exercise you should do?
● Heart rate- indicator of the level; of
participation in physical activity,
maximum heart rate (maxHR)
means maximum number of times
the heart contracts in the one minute
● MaxHR Formula= 220-your age
● RPE= 60% - 80% heart rate
● Rate of Percieved Exertion-
measure exercise intensity and can
be combined with the prediction
equation, based on the physical
sensations
● An effective warm up exercise
should: increase blood flow to the
muscles, increase muscle elasticity,
gently raise heart rate, increase
mental alertness and increase core
body temperature
● Warm-up exercises- neck stretch,
shoulder roll, side arm stretch, tricep
stretch, hamstring stretch, quadricep
stretch, outer thigh stretch, inner
thigh stretch, calf stretch and knee
bends/squat
● Leisure time- free from obligations,
work, and tasks required for existing
● Leisure activity- set of activity that
people engage in during free time
activities that are not work-oriented
● Play- imaginative intrinsically
motivated, non-serious, freely
chosen and actively engaging
activity
● Recreation- an activity that people
engaged in during their free time
● Walking- generally considered a
moderate-physical activity, promotes
metabolic fitness and overall health
● Benefits of recreational activities-
enhances personal growth, helps to
build self- esteem and confidence,
reduces tension and anxiety,
encourages spiritual renewel and
personal growth, increase mental
health relaxation
HEALTH
● Eating habits (Weight Loss
Strategies)
- Make a commitment to change
- Exercise
- Avoid automatic eating
- Stay busy
- Try junior size instead of super size
 - Eat slowly
- Cut unnecessary items from diet
- Do not serve more food
- Think positive
● Eating disorders- illnesses that
involves disturbances in eating
behaviors
● Anorexia nervosa- characterized by
self-imposed starvation to lose and
maintain very low body weight
● Bulimia nervosa- characterized by a
pattern of binge eating and purging
in an attempt to lose weight
● Binge-eating disorder- characterized
by uncontrollable episodes of eating
excessive amounts of food
● Emotional eating- the consumption
or large quantities of food to
suppress negative emotions
● Policies- serves as guides to protect
people, Help people in knowing the
rights as well as their liabilities in
maintaining peace and order
4 Pillars
● Informed choice- integration of
reproductive health and sexuality
education in schools
● Respect for life- recognizes that
abortion is illegal and punishable by
law
● Birth control- respect the citizen’s
individual preferences and choices
of family planning method
● Responsible parenthood- shall equip
each parent with needed info with all
aspects of family life
Policies (Batas) Memorize
● Republic Act No. 7394 (Consumer
Act of the Philippines)- protects the
interests of the consumer, promote
his general welfare and establish the
standards of conduct for business
and industry
● Republic Act No. 8423 (Traditional
and Alternative Medicine Act TAMA
of 1997)- provides for the
improvement of the quality and
delivery of health care services to
the Filipino ppl thru the development
of traditional and alternative health
care
● Republic Act No. 10354
(Responsible Parenthood and
Reproductive Act of 2012)- law
which guarantees universal access
to methods on contradiction, fertility
control, sexual educ and maternal
care
● Republic Act No. 9165
(Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs
Act)- protects citizens from the
harmful effects of dangerous drugs
to their physical and mental
well-being
● Republic Act 9211 (Tobacco
Regulation Act 2003)- omnibus law
regulating smoking in public places,
tobacco advertising promotions,
sponsorship, and sales restriction,
among other requirements.
● Republic Act No. 10175 (Cybercrime
Preventation Act of 2012)- law
mandates the prohibition of
cybersex, child pornoraphy,
unsolicited commercial
communication
● Republic Act No. 9775 (Anti-Child
Pornography Act of 2008)-
recognizes the vital role of the youth
in nation-building and shall promote
and protect their physical, moral,
spiritual and intellecual, emotional,
psychological and social well being.
 ● Republic Act No. 8049 (Anti-Hazing
Law)- penalizes those will go too far
during initiation rights of social
groups like fraternities or sororities
● Republic Act No. 7719 (National
Blood Services Act of 1994)-
promote and encourage voluntarily
blood donation by the citizenry
● Republic Act No. 9512 (National
Environmental Awareness and
Education Act of 2008)- promotes
environmental awareness through
environmental education.
● Republic Act No. 8750 (Seat Belt
use Act of 1999)- aims to secure and
safeguard passengers and drivers of
motor vehicles
● Republic Act No. 10586 (Anti Drunk
and Drugged Driving Law)-
penalizes those who will be caught
driving under the influence of alcohol
drugs, and other similar substances.

Kaiyak huhu good luck sa batas mhie