MUSIC

AFRO-LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC Juju

BACKGROUND OF AFRICAN MUSIC ❖ popular style from Nigeria
➢ singing, dancing, clapping, and the that relies on the traditional
beating of drums are essential to Yoruba rhythms
many ceremonies Kwassa Kwassa
➢ important to religious expression ❖ shake your booty dance
and political events style began in Zaire in the
➢ has great influence on global music late 80’s

MUSIC OF AFRICA VOCAL FORMS OF AFRICAN MUSIC

Apala Maracatu
❖ from Nigeria in the Yoruba tribal - combining the strong
style to wake up the worshippers rhythms of African
after fasting during Ramadan percussion instruments with
❖ instrumentation includes rattle Portuguese melodies
(sekere), thumb piano (agidigbo),
- uses mostly percussion
bell (agogo), and talking drums
instruments (alfaia, tarol,
Axe caixa-de-guerra, gongue,
❖ popular music genre from Salvador, agbe miniero)
Bahia, and Brazil
Blues
❖ fuses the Afro-Caribbean styles of
- has deep roots in
marcha, reggae, and calypso
African-American
Jit communities
❖ hard and fast Zimbabwean music - slaves used to sing as
played on drums with guitar they worked in the
accompaniment fields
- form is characterized by
specific chord progression

Soul
- combines elements
African-American gospel
rhythms
 - accompanied by hand claps and - anteteben, kudu horn
extemporaneous body moves

LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC

MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF AFRICA Music of Latin America is the
IDIOPHONES product of three major influences;
- percussion instruments that are Indigenous, Spanish-Portuguese,
struck with a mallet or against one and African.
another
- balafon, rattles, agogo, djembe, INDIGENOUS LATIN-AMERICAN
rasp MUSIC
➢ Natives were found to be
MEMBRANOPHONES using local drum and
- instruments that have vibrating percussion instruments
animal membrane used in drums ➢ Materials came from hollow
- talking drums, body percussion tree trunks, animal skins,
fruits shells, dry seeds,
LAMELLAPHONES jaguar claws, bones, etc.
- set of plucked tongues or keys ➢ Largely functional in nature,
mounted on a soundboard being used for religious
- mbira, karimba, kisaanj, likembe worship, and ceremonies

CHORDOPHONES POPULAR LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC

- instruments that produce sounds Samba
from vibration of strings - dance form of African
- nkoni, zeze, zither, kora origins around 1838 which
evolved into an African-
AEROPHONES Brazilian invention in the
- instruments which are produced working class and slum
initially by trapped vibrating air districts of Rio de Janeiro
columns or which enclosed body of
vibrating air Son
- fusion of the popular music
or “canciones” of Spain and
the
 African rumba rhythms of Bantu - used as ballroom dance
origin where a solo dancer or
- usually played with the tres couple would be in an
(guitar), contrabass, bongos, embrace though slightly
maracas, and claves. apart

Salsa Bossa Nova

- social dance with marked influences - movement afecting radical
from Cuba and Puerto Rico change in the classic Cuban
- style contains elements from the samba
swing dance and hustle, dance - bossa = trend
forms of pachange and guaguanco - vocal production is often nasal

Cumbia Reggae
- popular courtship dance originated - popular music and dance
from Panama style originated in Jamaica

Tango Foxtrot
- “African Dance” - gave rise to other dances
- from the Spanish word “Taner” such as the black bottom,
meaning to play Charleston, and shimmy

Cha Cha Paso Doble

- derived form mambo and its - “double step”
characteristic rhythm - theatrical Spanish dance
used by the Spaniards in
Rumba bull fights
- recreational dance of Afro-Cuban - arrogant and dignified, with
origin a duple meter, march-like
character

POPULAR MUSIC
➢ music of the populace
➢ generally consisted of music for DISCO
entertainment or large numbers of - rock music that was more
people danceable
- from “discotheque” =
BALLADS library of photograph
- expressive folk song in narrative records
verse with text dealing about love
- used by poets and composers, POP MUSIC
became a slow popular love song - parallel with the disco era,
pop music superstars
STANDARD continued to emerge
- most popular and enduring songs
from a particular genre or style HIP HOP AND RAP
- mostly in a slow or moderate tempo - highly rhythmic music
with a relaxed mood - includes rhythmically
- highly singable melodies within the chanted words (rap)
range and capacity of the everyday
listener ALTERNATIVE
- underground independent
ROCK AND ROLL music arose in the 1980’s
- popular song form in the US during - known for unconventional
1940’s, combined Afro-American practices such as distorted
forms (blues, jazz, gospel music) guitar sounds, oppressive
- lead instruments were the sax and lyrics, defiant attitudes
the piano, eventually replaced with
modern instruments * Afrobeat is the
combination of Black-
American and West African
Music.

ORIGINAL PINOY MUSIC

OPM
➢ Philippine pop songs
particularly ballads
➢ hugot expresses a sentiment at the Ordres
heart of many OPM love songs - pattern of concentric
ARTS squares which is randomly
TECHNOLOGY-BASED ART disrupted in order to
❖ computer-generated or highlight the contrast
manipulated between order and disorder
❖ digital arts, mobile phone art, digital (Vera Molnar)
photography, video games, imaging - within the apparent
videos disarray, one can find
underlying logic
COMPUTER/DIGITAL ART Mountain and Staurolyte
➢ make use of electronic and - Ronald Davis,
mechanical devices rather than the contemporary American
artist’s own hands (1960’s) artist best known for his
➢ early experimenters were engineers work associated with
and scientists who had access and Geometric Abstraction,
experience with the hardware Abstract Illusionism, Lyrical
needed Abstraction, and Hard-Edge
painting
Polygon Drawings
- polygons drawn randomly with MOBILE PHONE ART
many randomly generated sides and Things we can do;
directions 1. Resize
2. Crop
Schrotter 3. Skew/Warp
- produced by a structured operation 4. Rotate
by random generators that lead to a 5. Flip
discovery of new images 6. Adjust brightness
7. Adjust sharpness
8. Change colors
9. Grayscale
10. Sepia
11. Apply a texture
12. Superimpose text
13. Apply Frame
 DIGITAL SINGLE-LENS REFLEX
COMPUTER-GENERATED IMAGES are
CAMERA
scaled down versions of such
- provides the filmless and instant
programs specifically developed for
review of features of a “point-
use on smaller handheld units.
and-shoot” camera, but gives
the photographer more artistic
DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY
freedom and control to select
the camera settings

PHOTOJOURNALISM
What is PHOTOJOURNALISM?
➢ particular form of journalism
➢ the collecting, editing and
presenting of news material for
publication or broadcast
DARK ROOM is an enclosed space
➢ creates images in order to tell a
wherein films are processed.
story

POINT AND SHOOT CAMERA

PHOTO - representation of a person or
- automatically makes all the
scene recorded by a camera on light-
adjustments with the user being
sensitive material
given some leeway for slight
adjustment
JOURNALISM - timely reporting of
- allows the user to immediately
events
review the photos taken without
waiting for a complex
developing process anddelete
unsatisfactory
* Photographers take pictures of
- images
NOUNS.
Photojournalists shoot ACTION
VERBS events, emotions, every
little bit of information.
 BASIC PHOTO PROJECTIONS ➢ uses shadow as prominent
Worm’s Eye View part of the composition
- make subject appear bigger and
dominant PATTERNS
➢ found everywhere, in
Man’s Eye View nature and man made
- object is in the eye level constructions
➢ made up of repeated
Bird’s Eye View objects, shapes, or colors,
- elevated view of an object can be very pleasing to the
eye

PHOTOJOURNALISM STYLES AND

TECHNIQUES TIPS
❖ Try to avoid posed photos
RULE OF THIRDS
❖ Try to capture emotion
➢ composed along imaginary lines
❖ Photograph faces not backs
which divide the image into thirds,
❖ Let your picture tell the story
both horizontally and vertically
❖ Use diferent angled perspectives
❖ Avoid inanimate objects,
FRAMING
focus on people
➢ placement of the object in relation
❖ Don’t forget the Rule of
to other objects
Thirds and Worm’s View
➢ goal is often to focus the viewer’s
❖ The Decisive Moment
attention upon the subject

PE
COLOR TECHNIQUE
EATING DISORDERS
➢ described as three-color method
Eating Disorders are illnesses that
photography
involve crucial disturbances in
eating behaviors. These disorders
SHADOW TECHNIQUE
are characterized by intense fear
of becoming fat, which does not
disappear even when the person
is losing weight in extreme
amounts.
 ANOREXIA NERVOSA THE GOOD DOSE OF EXERCISE
➢ eating disorder characterized by You shouldn’t increase the dose or
self-imposed starvation to lose and amount of physical activity or
maintain low body weight due to exercise to see changes in your
false perception of being fat fitness level. This is the
OVERLOAD PRINCIPLE which is
BULIMIA NERVOSA guided by the FITT principle;
➢ eating disorder characterized by a
Frequency
pattern of binge-eating and purging
- how often you involve
in an attempt to lose
yourself in regular physical
weight/maintain low body weight
activity
➢ people living with bulimia will feel
out of control when binging on large
Intensity
amounts of food during short
- how hard you should
periods of time, and then
exercise, level of dificulty of
desperately try to rid extra calories
physical activity
using forced vomiting, abusing
laxatives or excessive exercise
Time
- how long you should
BINGE-EATING DISORDER
engage in a specific
➢ eating disorder characterized by
physical activity
uncontrollable episodes of eating
excessive amounts of food within a
Type
relatively short time
- kind of exercise or physical
activity you should engage
EMOTIONAL EATING
in
➢ consumption of large quantities of
foods to suppress negative emotions
WALKING is generally considered as a Seat Belts Use Act of 1999 (RA 8750)
moderate physical activity and is efective - aims to secure and
in promoting Metabolic Fitness and overall safeguard the passengers
health. and drivers of private and
 To achieve cardiovascular fitness, public motor vehicles
walking must be done instensely - includes the mandatory
enough to elevate the heart rate
wearing of seat belt devices
to target zone levels.
by drivers and front seat
passengers of vehicles

HEALTH National Blood Services Act of

HEALTH RELATED LAWS 1994 (RA 7719)
Traditional and Alternative Medicine - aims to inculcate public
Act of 1997 (RA 8423) awareness that blood
- an act creating the PITAHC to donation is a humanitarian
accelerate the development of act
traditional and alternative - promotes voluntary blood
healthcare in the Philippines, donation to provide
providing for a traditional and suficient supply of safe
alternative healthcare blood and to regulate blood
development fund and other banks
purposes

Philippine AIDS Prevention

Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 and Control Act of 1998 (RA 8504)
- aims to address legal issues - an act promulgating policies
concerning online interactions and prescribing measures
for the prevention and
National Environmental - control of HIV/AIDS in the
Awareness and Education Act of Philippines
2008 (RA 9512)
- provides for the promotion of REPUBLIC ACT 7494: CONSUMER
environmental awareness ACT OF THE PHILIPPINES
Objectives
1.Promote the interest of consumers
2.Promote his/her/their general welfare
3. Establish standards of conduct for 4 PILLARS OF
business and industry REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH

Responsible Parenthood
The Consumer Act covers the quality and
- couples determine their
safety of diferent products like food,
ideal family size
drugs, cosmetics, and devices. The policy
- govt shall equip each
also promotes the protection of citizens
parent with needed
against hazardous substances that are in
information in all aspects of
sale.
family life, reproductive
health, and this pillar
TRADITIONAL AND ALTERNATIVE
MEDICINE ACT OF 2002
Respect for Life
An act to make provisions for
- recognizes that abortion is
promotion, control and regulation of
illegal however mothers will
traditional and alternative medicines, to
be identified to have
establish the Traditional and Alternative
aborted an unborn child will
Health Practice Council and to provide for
be served post-abortive
related matters.
treatment and counseling
The policy also identifies medicinal plants
in the country which are readily available.
Birth Control
- reproductive healthcare,
RA NO. 10354: RESPONSIBLE
information, and supplies
PARENTHOOD AND REPRODUCTIVE
shall be made available
HEALTH ACT OF 2012
most especially to poor
An act providing for a national policy on beneficiaries
responsible parenthood and reproductive - the govt must respect the
health. This law guarantees universal individual preferences and
access to methods on contraception, choices of family planning.
fertility control, sexual education, and method
maternal care.
Informed Choice
- efective and quality reproductive ➢ attacks and weakens the
healthcare services, shall be given body’s immune system,
primacy to ensure the health of the makes a person susceptible
mother and child to other life-threatening
- covers the provision for the infections
integration of reproductive health
and sexuality education in schools, HIV is transferred by contact of
etc. certain bodily fluids from an
infected person. These fluids are;
RA 8504 - blood
An act promulgating policies and - semen
prescribing measures for the prevention - rectal fluids
and control of HIV/AIDS in the Philippines - vaginal fluids
- breast milk
What is HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY
VIRUS? HIV is transmitted by;
➢ a viral infection that attacks and - unprotected sex
slowly destroys the immune system - passing from mother to
of the infected person that leads to baby (hereditary)
immune deficiency - sharing injecting equipment
➢ progressive and can lead to lack of - contaminated blood
body defense to all kinds of infection transfusion and organ
and can lead to cancer susceptibility transplant

What is AIDS? HIV is not acquired or transmitted by;

➢ condition characterized by a - insect bites
combination of signs and
- toilet seats
symptoms caused by HIV contracted
- kissing
from another person.
- sharing eating utensils
- touching
 SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
are infections passed from person to
DRUG DEPENDENCE is a cluster of
person through sexual
physiological, behavioral, and
contact/intercourse.
cognitive phenomena of variable
intensity in which the use of a
STD top risk factors;
drug takes on high priority
- unprotected sex
thereby creating a strong desire to
- multiple partners
take the substance.
- alcohol use
- illicit drug use
DRUG MISUSE is the use of a
- trading sex for money/drugs
substance incoherent or
- control pills as your sole form of
inconsistent with the prescribed
contraception
dosage or frequency of use.
- having high risk STD partner
- community with high prevalence of
DRUG ABUSE is the use of a
STDs
substance for non-medicinal
purposes.
DRUGS OF ABUSE
DRUGS are any substance which when
DRUG TOLERANCE is the condition
taken into the body have psychological,
of the body to adapt to the efects
emotional, and behavioral efects on a
of substances thus requiring an
person.
even larger amount of the
substance to experience the same
DRUGS OF ABUSE are drugs commonly
physiological and mental efect
abused by users.
experienced when taking smaller
dosage.
* In the Philippines, the three drugs of
abuse are;
GATEWAY DRUGS
- methamphetamine hydrochloride
➢ ex. alcohol, cigarettes
(shabu)
which can lead to the use of
- cannabis sativa (marijuana)
- inhalants (Solvents) more dangerous drugs like
marijuana and shabu
 DEPRESSANT DRUGS INHALANTS
➢ slow down a person’s central ➢ found in ordinary
nervous system household chemical
➢ relax muscles and nerves products and anesthetics
➢ ex. alcohol, barbiturates, ➢ continuous abuse leads to
tranquilizers delusion, brain damage,
liver damage, coma, death
STIMULANT DRUGS ➢ ex. solvents
➢ speed up a person’s central nervous ➢ aerosol sprays
system ➢ gases
➢ can make person feel more awake, ➢ nitrites
alert, confident, or energetic
➢ ex. shabu, cafeine, nicotine, cocaine
➢ negative efects of stimulants:
depression, tiredness

NARCOTICS
➢ mind-altering drugs
➢ relieve pain and induce
sleepiness
➢ ex. cocaine, heroin, marijuana

HALLUCINOGENS
➢ type of drug that changes a person’s
perception of reality
➢ ex. lysergic acid diethylamide,
psilocybin obtained from mushrooms
and mescaline