b.
Rasp is a hand percussion instrument whose sound is
GRADE 10 REVIEWER
SECONDQUARTER
• Types of African Music
a. Afrobeat is a term used to describe the fusion of West
African with black American music.
b. Apala (Akpala) is a musical genre from Nigeria in The
Yoruba tribal style to wake up the Worshippers after
fasting during the Muslim holy feast of Ramadan.
c. Axe is a popular musical genre from Salvador, Bahia,
and Brazil. It fuses the Afro Caribbean styles of the
marcha, reggae, and calypso.
d. Jit is a hard and fast percussive Zimbabwean
Dance music played on drums with guitar
accompaniment, influenced by mbira-based guitar
styles.
e. Jive is a popular form of South African music featuring
a lively and uninhibited variation of the jitterbug, a form
of swing dance.
f. Kwassa Kwassa is a dance style begun in Zaire in the
late 1980’s, popularized by Kanda Bongo Man. In this
dance style, the hips move back and forth while the
arms move following the hips.
• LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC INFLUENCED BY AFRICAN MUSIC
a. Reggae is a Jamaican sound dominated by bass guitar
and drums.
b. Salsa music is Cuban, Puerto Rican, and Colombian
dance music. It comprises various musical genres
including the Cuban son montuno, guaracha,
chachacha, mambo and bolero.
c. Samba is the basic underlying rhythm that typifies most
Brazilian music. It is a lively and rhythmical dance and
music with three steps to every bar, making the Samba
feel like a timed dance.
d. Soca is a modern Trinidadian and Tobago pop music
combining “soul” and “calypso” music.
e. Were This is Muslim music performed often as a wake-
up call for early breakfast and prayers during Ramadan.
f. Zouk is fast, carnival-like hythmic music, from the
Creole slang word for ‘party,’ originating in the
Carribean Islands of Guadaloupe and Martinique and
popularized in the 1980’s.
• VOCAL FORMS OF AFRICAN MUSIC
a. Maracatu first surfaced in the African state of Pernambuco,
combining the strong rhythms of African percussion
Instruments with Portuguese melodies.
b. Blues is a musical form of the late 19th century that has had
deep roots in AfricanAmerican communities. These
communities are located in the so-called “Deep South” of the
United States. The slaves and their descendants used to sing
as they worked in the cotton and vegetable fields.
c. Soul music was a popular music genre of the 1950’s and
1960’s. It originated in the United States. It combines elements
of African American gospel music, rhythm, and blues, and often
jazz.
d. Spiritual The term spiritual, normally associated with a deeply
religious person, refers here to a Negro spiritual, a song form
by African migrants to America who became enslaved by its
white communities.
• Classification of Traditional African Instruments
a. Talking drum is used to send messages to announce births,
deaths, marriages, sporting events, dances, initiation, or war.
b. Djembe The West African djembe is one of the best-known
African drums.
c. Shekere is a type of gourd and shell megaphone from West
Africa, consisting of a dried gourd with beads woven into a net
covering the gourd.
d. Mbira (hand piano or thumb piano) The thumb piano or
finger xylophone is of African origin and is used throughout the
continent.
• MUSIC OF LATIN AMERICA
It is the product of three major influences – Indigenous, Spanish-Portuguese,
and African. Sometimes called Latin music, it includes the countries that have
had a colonial history from Spain and Portugal.
• MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF LATIN AMERICA
a. Conch is a wind instrument made from a seashell usually.
of a large sea snail.
produced by scraping a group of notched sticks with another
stick, creating a series of rattling effects.
c. Ocarina was an ancient vessel flute made of clay or ceramic
with four to 12 finger holes and a mouthpiece that projected
from the body.
d. Pitus are side-blown cane flutes that are played all year round.
e. Mariachi is an extremely popular band in Mexico whose
original ensemble consisted of violins, guitars, harp, and an
enormous guitarron (acoustic bass guitar).
• VOCAL AND DANCE FORMS OF LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC
a. Cumbia Originating in Panama and Colombia, the cumbia became a
popular African courtship dance with European and African instrumentation
and characteristics.
b. Tango may have been of African origin meaning “African dance” or
from the Spanish word taner meaning “to play” (an instrument).
c. Cha cha is a ballroom dance then originated in Cuba in 1953, derived from
the mambo and its characteristic.
d. Rumba popular recreational dance of Afro Cuban origin, performed in a
complex duple meter pattern and tresillo.
e. Bossa Nova originated in 1958-59 as a movement effecting a radical
change in the classic Cuban samba. The word bossa comes from the
Brazilian capital of Rio de Janeiro, which means either “trend” or “something
charming.
f. Reggae is an urban popular music and dance style that originated in
Jamaica in the mid 1960’s. It was a synthesis of Western American
(Afro-American) popular music and the traditional Afro-Jamaican music
g. Foxtrot is a 20th century social dance that originated after 1910 in the USA.
It was executed as a one step, two step and syncopated rhythmic pattern.
h. Paso doble (meaning “double step”) is a theatrical Spanish dance used by
the Spaniards in bullfights, where the music was played as the matador
enters (paseo) and during passes just before the kill (faena).
• MUSIC OF JAZZ
• It was an offshoot of the music of African slaves who migrated to
America.
• As music is considered a therapeutic outlet for human feelings,
• the Africans used music to recall their nostalgic past in their home
country as well as to voice out their sentiments on their desperate
condition at that time.
a. Ragtime is an American popular musical style mainly for piano,
originating in the Afro American communities in St. Louis and New
Orleans. Its style was said to be a modification of the “marching
mode” made popular by John Philip Sousa, where the effect is
generated by an internally syncopated melodic line pitted against a
rhythmically straightforward bass line.
b. BIG BAND The term ‘Big Band” refers to a large ensemble. Relying
heavily on percussion (drums), wind, rhythm section (guitar, piano,
double bass, vibes) and brass instruments (saxophones), with a
lyrical string section (violins and others).
c. Bebop or bop is a musical style of modern jazz. It is characterized
by a fast tempo, instrumental virtuosity, improvisation that emerged
during World War II.
d. Jazz rock is the music of 1960’s and 1970’s bands that inserted jazz
elements into rock music
• POPULAR MUSIC
o Popular music literally means “music of the populace,” similar
to traditional folk music of the past.
o It developed in the 20th century, pop music (as it has come to
be called)
o Generally consisted of music for entertainment of large
numbers of people, whether on radio or in live performances
• OPM
The one word that comes to mind when we think of contemporary Philippine
music is the type commonly termed as Original Pinoy Music or Original
Philippine Music, Or OPM for short.
ARTS
• Technology-based art is essentially computer-generated and/or
manipulated.
• COMPUTER / DIGITAL ARTS make use of electronic and mechanical
devices, rather than the artist’s own hand, to produce the desired images
and effects. Thus, these are definitely technology-based art forms.
o Mobile phone (photos/Videos)
o - Digital Photography
o - Digital Painting
o - Computer Generated Images
o - Videos (TV and Film)
• PIXLR – a powerful, free online image editor
• PIC COLLAGE - allows you to make collages incorporating photos,
stickers, text, and frames
• PHOTO GRID - a downloadable application for android phones that allows
you to make collages out of images from your photo gallery.
• DODDLE BOOTH - an iPad application (with a free downloadable version)
that enables you to ‘doodle’ on your images using available stickers.