1

Effectiveness of Green Tea (Camellia Sinensis) and Coconut oil (Cocos Nucifera) as Skin
Moisturizer

Rhiane Aizle E. Bagual

Leia Keziah C. Cadaoas
Nicole L. Macatiog
Kyla Jenel A. Pineda
Angela Louisse F. Sakata

Caloocan National Science and Technology High School

Research 1
Corazon Trinidad A. Bautista
March 28, 2022
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CHAPTER I
Introduction

Aging is the gradual deterioration of an individual’s cells, tissue, and organs over the cause
of their lives. Periodic and prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes changes in
their skin, primarily in the form of burning and loss of skin integrity, which are during adolescence.
It is one of the most common problems of adolescents who are conscious of their appearance.

Green tea is a widely consumed beverage all over the world. About 600,000 tons of green
tea are consumed worldwide each year. It is about 1/5 of the total consumption of all tea. However,
interest in green tea has led to increased consumption. According to the 1998 Green Tea
Consumption Report, overall green tea consumption has increased by about 20% over the last
decade. The main consumer of green tea in East Asia. It is made by steaming or drying Camellia
sinensis (tea) leaves with the use of fermentation. The most bioactive compounds behind tea’s
health benefits are catechins, caffeine, and L theanine, which are abundant in Camellia sinensis
leaf extract. Green tea has long been used to treat various skin conditions, such as psoriasis,
eczema, and rosacea. This is mainly due to its anti-inflammatory effects. It is also used as a popular
antioxidant nutraceutical. Antioxidants are chemicals that protect cells from reactive oxygen
species such as singlet oxygen, superoxide, peroxyl radicals, hydroxyl radicals, and peroxyl nitrite,
which can cause cell damage.

Similar to green tea, coconut oil has been one of the most extensively used oils since the
revolution in agriculture. Studies have shown that when consumed or applied to the skin, it has a
lot of potential for lowering inflammation, boosting antioxidant status, and minimizing oxidative
stress. Since the years 2012 to 2013, the global production volume of coconut oil has been
consistent at around 3.57 million metric tons from the year 2020 to 2021, with no noteworthy
changes. As of 2020, the Philippines was the leading country in terms of coconut oil usage, with
roughly 675 thousand metric tons used. The Philippines, Germany, the Netherlands, Vietnam,
China, Malaysia, Mexico, and South Korea are lagging behind, accounting for an additional 36%.
It is a saturated oil that is traditionally made by extracting the oil from the raw coconuts or 4 dried
coconut kernels. Many studies show it has a lot of potential for reducing inflammation when
ingested or applied to the skin, as well as improving antioxidant status and preventing oxidative
stress.

Studies have shown that the consumption of these products increased as they were effective
for many purposes. A coconut oil moisturizer hydrates and nourishes skin, while green tea helps
to reverse sun damage. With that, this experimental study would be of great interest to adolescents
who are experiencing premature skin aging as well as other people who want to bring back their
young faces again. The product or outcome of this research is worth doing as it would be a good
product in preventing antiaging for adolescents and as the Philippines is one of the biggest
countries that produce a big number of productions in coconut oil. This would also benefit
dermatologists as it can widen their knowledge about products that are good for antiaging and also
can help them learn about more products like using other alternative and affordable treatments.
Also, some people cannot afford to buy oil treatment or any other treatments for skin that is tested
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or proven. This investigatory project is necessary to come up with a full functioning skin-friendly
face oil treatment which is an antioxidant to treat aging for our skin as well as giving off our good-
looking and healthy skin.

Although it has lots of benefits, these ingredients also have cautions and risks. Green tea is
an ingredient in many over-the-counter weight loss products, some of which have been identified
as the likely cause of rare cases of liver injury. Although uncommon, liver problems have been
reported in a number of people who took green tea products, primarily green tea extracts in pill
form. People with liver disease should consult a health care provider before taking products with
green tea extract. People taking green tea extracts, especially those with liver disease, should
discontinue use and consult a health care provider if they develop symptoms of liver trouble (such
as abdominal pain, dark urine, or jaundice). On the other hand, several investigations have looked
into coconut oil and its possible benefits, but many of these are small, inconclusive, and animal or
lab-based. Coconut oil can add flavor and variety to the diet, but research seems unlikely to prove
that it is a superfood. Even though some studies have shown that coconut oil can boost good
cholesterol and lower the bad, other studies have shown that compared to other oils like olive oil,
coconut oil raised harmful LDL cholesterol levels. High levels of LDL cholesterol can raise your
risk of developing heart diseases or suffering from a stroke.

Problem Statement

This study aims to determine and produce an effective moisturizer made of two popular
ingredients, green tea and coconut oil, as an alternative treatment for premature aging and to
increase antioxidants in the face. The following questions were proposed in doing this research:

1. How effective is an antioxidant moisturizer made from green tea and coconut oil when combined
as an alternative treatment for antioxidants to prevent dry skin?
2. What are the side effects of using an antioxidant moisturizer made from green tea and coconut
oil?
3. Is there a significant difference between using green tea, coconut oil, and a mixture or
combination of green tea and coconut oil as an alternative face oil for moisturizing the skin?

Hypothesis

Plant-based skin-care products such as green tea and coconut oil will help in moisturizing
dry skins.
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Relevance and Importance of the Research

This study focuses on the gaining of knowledge that will lead to a resounding result of the
successfulness or effectiveness of using green tea and coconut oil as an alternative treatment for
dry skin. As a result, the study's findings will be particularly useful to:

Consumers. Adolescents will benefit from this since they will be able to prevent or treat damaged
cells. Green tea's anti-inflammatory effects can help minimize skin irritation, redness, and
swelling, and coconut oil helps strengthen their skin's protective layer, retaining moisture inside
and keeping the skin supple and hydrated. Because green tea is high in antioxidants, which protect
us from the effects of aging and disease, the end result (face oil) would be quite beneficial to
teenagers.

Manufacturers. They will benefit from this since they will know what to expect.
The researchers' products have advantages, and they can also have an idea of what things to sell
to their customers.

Dermatologist and Cosmetic Scientists. This study may benefit dermatologists since they will
obtain more knowledge and will be able to generate new ideas or inform their clients that items
like these are beneficial to their skin. Cosmetic chemists and scientists, on the other hand, will
benefit from this since they will have more ideas for creating, developing, and formulating
skincare, personal care, and color cosmetics for manufacturers.

Other Researchers. This will be beneficial to the researchers who will be participating.
pursuing related research The output can be used as a benchmark for future scholars working on
the same topic.

Scope and Delimitations

This study was conducted to find out if a blend of green tea and coconut oil is suitable for
skin hydration. The researchers chose these ingredients among other things; the reason for this is
because most products for the skin contain chemicals that can be more harmful in the long run.
The research study considers how long the product is used and if it has any side effects to the
person using it. This research study would only be conducted by an experiment and observation at
home therefore it may not be applicable for every type of skin and mainly focused for dry skin
people.

Definition of Terms:

Camellia sinensis. A tropical evergreen shrub or small tree extensively cultivated in e.g.
China and Japan and India; source of tea leaves.

Catechin. Originally derived from catechu. It is a type of phenolic compound and a natural
antioxidant that is very abundant in tea, cocoa and berries.
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L-theanine. It is an amino acid found primarily in green and black tea and some
mushrooms. It’s also available in pill or tablet form. It’s said to help ease anxiety, stress, and
reduce insomnia.

Psoriasis. A skin disease that causes red, itchy scaly patches, most commonly on the knees,
elbows, trunk, and scalp. It is a common, long-term (chronic) disease with no cure. It tends to go
through cycles, flaring for a few weeks or months, then subsiding for a while or going into
remission.

Eczema. This is an inflammatory skin condition that causes dry skin, itchy skin, rashes,
scaly patches, blisters and skin infections. Its most common type is atopic dermatitis.

Rosacea. It is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that usually affects the face. It causes
blushing or flushing and visible blood vessels on your face. It may also produce small, pus-filled
bumps. People may mistake it for acne, eczema, or an allergic skin reaction.

Jaundice. It is the yellowing of the skin, mucous membranes, and the whites of the eyes
that occurs when the body does not process bilirubin as it should. Body fluids may also change
color.
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CHAPTER II
Review of Related Literature and Related Studies
Local Literature

Cocos Nucifera (Coconut Oil)

Coconut, especially coconut oil, is one of the top agricultural exports in 2019, making the
Philippines the world's top exporter of coconut oil. The Philippines maintained its world-leading
position in coconut exports in 2020. According to the Department of Trade and Industry, The
Philippines' largest export market in November was the United States, with exports of $ 997.85
million (15.9% of total exports), followed by China at $ 878.48 million (14.1%) and Japan at
879.43 million. The dollar (14.0%) is Hong Kong. It is $ 833.6 million (13.3%) and Singapore is $
360.68 (5.7%). Of the top five markets, Filipino exports to China and Japan declined compared to
November last year. Secretary Lopez said, “Over the years, the coconut food export landscape has
transformed from traditional coconut oil into a higher value product such as virgin coconut oil,
coconut water, coconut milk, coconut chips, coconut cream, among others. Report linker expects
the revenue for packaged coconut water to grow at a CAGR of over 26% for 2019-2025. This is
driven by the growing preference for coconut water as a healthy, natural, and convenient
beverage.”

Philippine Statistics Authority. (2020, February 11). Retrieved May 17, 2022, from
https://psa.gov.ph/statistics/foreign-trade/fts-release-id/160003
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Camellia Sinensis (Green Tea)

According to a Philippine study published in 2007, green tea may help treat inflammatory
skin disorders such as psoriasis and dandruff. People treated with green tea showed significant
changes in their symptoms. Green tea polyphenols, an antioxidant found in green tea, also help
protect the skin from UV rays. A 2012 study has shown that it helps prevent premature aging of
the skin.

The Philippine tea market was the US $ 55.2 million in 2015 (calculated at retail price). By
2025, the Philippine tea market is projected to reach the US $ 109.79 million (at retail prices) and
grow at a compound annual growth rate of 6.70% between 2020 and 2025. This is a decrease
compared to the annual growth of about 7.64% registered from 2015 to 2019. Over the next five
years, it has grown at a compound annual growth rate of 6.21%. In the medium term (until 2025),
the indicator is expected to slow and increase at a compound annual growth rate of 5.37%.

Foreign Literature

Cocos Nucifera (Coconut Oil)

The coconut (Cocos nucifera) is one of the most important perennial sources of vegetable
oil and has been consumed in tropical countries for thousands of years. Compared with all other
oilseed crops, coconut is more productive and less susceptible to climatic variations. Out of the 97
countries that grow coconut palms, the Philippines, Indonesia, India, Vietnam, Mexico, Papua
New Guinea, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, and Thailand produce nearly 90% of the world's coconut oil.
Total global production of edible-grade coconut oil was 3.57 MMT in 2020. The top three
producers were the Philippines, Indonesia, and India. Food accounts for 54% of all coconut oil
sold worldwide, while the remaining 46% is used for other purposes. Coconut oil represents only
2.7% of all vegetable oils produced worldwide, but it varies from country to country, ranging from
0.3% in Malaysia to 92.9% in the Philippines. The percentages of coconut oil produced in each
country that are used domestically for food range from 100% in Sri Lanka to 11% in the
Philippines. 57% of the coconut oil produced in India's eastern coastal belt is used for food
purposes. Hindus regard wet coconuts and their water as sacred and use them in worship. Wet or
dry coconut gratings are commonly used in a variety of everyday food preparations as well as
during celebrations across the country.

Camellia Sinensis (Green Tea)

Camellia sinensis is a shrub or evergreen tree up to 16 meters tall. Every year, from late
March to early April, fresh leaves are harvested. Green tea accounts for about 20% of all dried
tea produced each year and is mainly consumed in Asian countries such as Japan due to its
relative safety and lower cost when compared to other beverages. According to the FAO-
Intergovernmental Group's 22nd Tea session, China, India, and Sri Lanka are the top three tea-
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producing countries. Kenya and Sri Lanka are the two most significant tea exporting countries.
Green tea production is expected to more than double from 1.5 million tons in 2015–2017 to 3.3
million tons in 2027, growing at a 7.5 percent annual rate. Largely driven by China, the global
output of green tea is expected to reach 3.6 million tons in 2027.

SOURCE:
https://farrerscoffee.co.uk/blogs/blog/top-10-tea-producing-countries-in-the-world-2021
Every day, three billion cups of tea are drunk around the world. Second only to water as the most
popular beverage, the global tea industry is on the rise – and 2021 and 2022s tea stats reveal why.

● 3 billion cups of tea are drunk daily worldwide

● Black tea is the most commonly drank tea
● There are more than 1000 varieties of tea
● 13 billion people are employed in the tea industry globally
● $51,650.0 million is expected to be bagged by the Asia-Pacific tea market by 2028
● $67,920.8 million is the forecast total of the global tea industry from 2021-2028
● 2.5 million metric tons of tea was produced by China in 2017
● China still leads the global production of tea today
● $590 million worth of tea was imported by Pakistan in 2021
● More than 7 pounds in weight of tea each annually was consumed by Turkish citizens in
2018
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Production volume of coconut oil worldwide from 2012/13 to 2021/22

World Production of coconut oil as of 24, February 2012.

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/World-production-of-coconut-and-oil-in-2010-a-
Coconut-oil_tbl1_290999484
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Source: https://trulyexperiences.com/blog/tea-statistics

Advantages and Disadvantages of Camellia Sinensis (Green Tea)

Advantages of Camellia Sinensis (Green Tea)

Green tea has lots of benefits for our skin which is why it was one of the products that we
have chosen for our research experiment.

Main advantages of green tea to our study:

Helps aid premature aging

According to a study by the Medical College Of Georgia. (2003, April 25). Green Tea
Linked To Skin Cell Rejuvenation. ScienceDaily. Retrieved May 8, 2022 from
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2003/04/030425071800.htm. The antioxidant EGCG, the most
abundant green tea polyphenol, can revitalize dying skin cells. This antioxidant can fight
symptoms of aging and make dull skin seem healthier by protecting and rebuilding your cells.
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Moisturizes the skin

In the study of Gianeti, M. D., Mercurio, D. G., & Campos, P. M. (2013). The use of green
tea extract in cosmetic formulations: not only an antioxidant active ingredient. Dermatologic
Therapy, 26(3), 267–271. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8019.2013.01552.x. Green tea has lots
of vitamins on it which is why the researchers conducted an experiment where 24 volunteers were
asked for 15 and 30 days to apply an experimental formulation of green tea extract to their
forearms. The researchers discovered that the subjects had enhanced skin hydration and reduced
skin roughness at the end of the study.

Reduces inflammation and redness

In the study of Ohishi, T., Goto, S., Monira, P., Isemura, M., & Nakamura, Y. (2016). Anti-
inflammatory Action of Green Tea. Anti-inflammatory & anti-allergy agents in medicinal
chemistry, 15(2), 74–90.https://doi.org/10.2174/1871523015666160915154443. Green tea/EGCG
was studied in human clinical and epidemiological investigations for its potential utility in the
prevention and treatment of inflammatory disorders. They also discussed the findings of cellular
and animal investigations, as well as potential action mechanisms. The majority of the data from
human investigations showed that green tea and tea catechins have anti-inflammatory properties.

Other than the mentioned above, green tea can also be used to treat acne as it helps to
reduce sebum secretion. It's also one of the most effective treatments for malignant skin
alterations.

Disadvantages of Camellia Sinensis (Green Tea)

Green tea has more disadvantages when it is used as a beverage and not for the skin. We
aren’t able to find any disadvantages of green tea when it is used for the skin but we advise that it
should be consumed in suggested amounts to avoid negative side effects.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Cocos Nucifera (Coconut Oil)

Advantages of Cocos Nucifera - widely known as Coconut Oil

● Usage of Coconut Oil can benefit us in many ways. It can be used for skin and hair care,
to improve cognitive function, metabolism and on some health conditions like psoriasis,
breast cancer, heart disease, and multiple sclerosis (MS). In our experiment, we are going
to focus on coconut oil’s benefits on our skin and how effective it is if it is used as a skin
moisturizer.
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Main advantages of coconut oil to our study:

1. Healthy Skin
● According to a study by Kim, S., Jang, JE., Kim, J., Lee, Yi., Lee, DW., Seung,
YS., Lee, JH. (2017). Enhanced barrier functions and anti-inflammatory effect of
cultured coconut extract on human skin. Food and chemical toxicology: an
international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research
Association. from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28564614/. Cultured Coconut
Extract or CCE is an alternative end product of VCO, which undergoes a further
bacterial fermentation process. The CCE-treated group showed increased
expression of cornified cell envelope components, which contribute to protective
barrier functions of the stratum corneum. Further, the expression of inflammatory
markers was lower in the CCE-treated group after exposure to UVB radiation.
These results suggest an anti-inflammatory effect of CCE against UVB irradiation-
induced inflammation. This study concluded that Applying coconut extract to
human skin may enhance its protective barrier functions and have an anti-
inflammatory effect.

1. Boosts elasticity and moisture

● According to Satheeshan, KN., Seema, Br. Meera Manjusha, AV. Development of
Virgin Coconut Oil-based body lotion. (2020). from
https://www.thepharmajournal.com/archives/2020/vol9issue5/PartB/9-4-89-
214.pdf. Virgin coconut oil or VCO containing solid lipid particles increased skin
hydration by 24.8% and skin elasticity by 2.6% over a period of 28 days, compared
with using a regular body lotion that does not contain coconut oil. Since coconut
oil penetrates the skin quickly, the ingredient can be super useful in improving skin
elasticity and reducing itchiness associated with skin conditions, according to the
National Eczema Foundation.

1. Its anti-inflammatory properties can help protect the skin.

● According to the study by Varma, S. R., Sivaprakasam, T. O., Arumugam, I., Dilip,
N., Raghuraman, M., Pavan, K. B., Rafiq, M., & Paramesh, R. (2018, January 17).
in vitro anti-inflammatory and skin protective properties of virgin coconut oil.
Journal of traditional and complementary medicine. from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6335493/. Virgin Coconut Oil or
VCOs has been traditionally used as a skin moisturizer for centuries by people in
the tropical region. Clinical studies have revealed that VCO improves the
symptoms of skin disorders by moisturizing and soothing the skin. The anti-
inflammatory properties of coconut oil can help protect our skin by enhancing the
skin barrier function.
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1. It can be used to heal skin-related diseases

● According to the research conducted by Agero, AL., Verallo-Rowell, V. (2004). A
randomized double-blind controlled trial comparing extra virgin coconut oil with
mineral oil as a moisturizer for mild to moderate xerosis. Dermatitis: contact,
atopic, occupational, drug. from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15724344/. Both
mineral oil and coconut oil can treat skin-related diseases and have comparable
effects. In their research, they tested if coconut oil can treat Xerosis (a skin
condition characterized by dry, rough, scaly, and itchy skin). And tested the ability
of coconut oil to heal such skin diseases. A randomized double-blind controlled
clinical trial was conducted on mild to moderate xerosis in 34 patients with negative
patch-test reactions to the test products. These patients were randomized to apply
either coconut oil or mineral oil on the legs twice a day for 2 weeks. To conclude
their research, they stated that those patients who used coconut oil showed better
signs of improvement than those who use mineral oil. It is proven that it can
alleviate pain brought by skin conditions.

Disadvantages of Cocos Nucifera - widely known as Coconut Oil

● When we did our research, we are able to find out from Whelan, C. (2020, March 16).
Coconut oil on face overnight. Healthline. From
https://www.healthline.com/health/beauty-skin-care/coconut-oil-on-face-overnight#side-
effects. Coconut Oil is comedogenic, which simply means that it has the potential to cause
blackheads by clogging pores and can cause breakouts. People with acne-prone and oily
skin types aren’t advised to use coconut oil as they may not see the same benefits from
coconut oil compared to other skin types. It may also cause pimples and
whiteheads/blackheads to form on your face especially when you leave it overnight.
However, we are not able to find more evidence and experiments to prove that statement
from Healthline.

Key Debates and Controversies

There are a lot of face oils for all kinds of facial problems and also other cosmetics for
antioxidants or antiaging. In the Philippines, almost all adolescents are now using all kinds of
cosmetics classified into perfume and eau de cologne, makeup cosmetics, hair care products,
special-purpose cosmetics, and skincare cosmetics where the face oil belongs and because of a
little obsession with skincare products because of peer or going into what’s in trend nowadays
kinds of products like these would be good for marketing.

Face oil is generally considered safe, though there are certain risks and side effects
associated with using these kinds of products. A reminder from a dermatologist is don’t use the
product if your skin or scars are cracked or bleeding.

If the user is allergic or sensitive to face oils, it’s better to not use it at all. It’s a good idea
to do a skin patch test before using it for the first time or letting your dermatologist or checking
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the product properly if there are any side effects of it. To check if someone is allergic to it is putting
a small amount of product on the forearm and waiting for at least 30 minutes for signs of a reaction.

Synthesis of Reviewed Related Literature and Studies

Both green tea and coconut oil are products that are popular all over the world. Thousands
upon thousands are exported every year. Millions are consumed and used by different people in
different places and different cultures. This is why learning about the benefits and detriments of
green tea and coconut oil is important
.
Benefits of using green tea and coconut oil as moisturizer
Using green tea and coconut oil as a moisturizer may offer many advantages - but it will
also provide disadvantages that one can suffer from. Green tea and coconut oil as a moisturizer
can help reduce inflammation and redness of your skin. Green tea contains vitamin E, which has
the ability to nourish and hydrate the skin. Both green tea and coconut oil aid in protecting,
boosting elasticity, and revitalizes your skin.

Detriments of using green tea and coconut oil as a moisturizer

Of course, everything comes at a cost, and green tea and coconut oil are no exception.
Coconut oil can clog pores, which results in blackheads and acne, especially when you leave it
overnight. Green tea should be consumed in moderation to avoid negative side effects.

Green tea and coconut oil are commodities that are produced and consumed daily. Using
these as moisturizers will have benefits and detriments. The most important thing is to listen to the
advice of a dermatologist. While green tea and coconut oil are both beneficial to the skin, there are
situations wherein using moisturizer is not advisable at all. Information is key to finding out if
certain products are safe for your body.
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CHAPTER III

Methodology

This chapter exhibits the methods to be applied by the researchers in conducting the
experiment, which includes the research design, methods of data collection, proposed method and
data analysis and implications and contribution to knowledge. The main focus of the study is to
gain knowledge that will lead to a resounding result of the successfulness or effectiveness of using
green tea and coconut oil as an alternative treatment for dry skin.

Research Design

The goal of this research is to find out how beneficial and fruitful green tea and coconut
oil as moisturizers are, as well as their consequences. Experimentation will be employed to get the
data and variables needed for this study, as well as volunteer answers to assess the moisturizers'
efficacy. The study will be carried out using a qualitative research design. This is done so that the
research problem's how and whys may be addressed. The researchers will utilize a qualitative
research design in order to describe participants’ experience in using green tea and coconut oil
moisturizer.

Experimental Design is an approach to systematic optimization that’s principle

considered a high satisfactory for providing the best solution LA by establishing the relationship
between the factors and responses (Sarwar, 2021). True–experimental design includes research
design in which the researcher relies on statistical analysis to approve or disprove a hypothesis.

Methods of data collection

Green tea leaf and coconut oil were used in the study's experimental group. The
researchers will study the effectiveness of combining the two alternative treatments for treating
premature skin aging. The form of probability sampling utilized in this research work to achieve
a result that is representative of the entire population is simple random sampling.

The materials and procedures used in this study are the instruments to be used in data
collection: laboratory equipment and research instruments like questionnaires or data gathering
tools to be constructed, validated, and administered (Creswell, 2012). The materials needed for
alternative treatment in premature skin aging are listed below as follows:

• 1 cup of coconut oil

• 60 grams of dried or fresh green tea leaf or green tea oil
• Cheesecloth
• Small stockpot
• 30 ml amber glass dropper bottle
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Procedures:

A. Preparing the materials

1. Look for materials that will be needed for the research product.
2. Prepare the materials to be used.
3. When the materials are already gathered, wash properly those materials that are needed to be
washed and dry them up immediately using a clean piece of cloth.

B. Product Development

1. Prepare the glass container or amber glass bottle that is good to be used for the output.
2. Place one cup of coconut oil and dried green tea in a small stockpot and cook for 20 minutes at
a very low flame (if using green tea oil, mix coconut oil and green tea oil in an amber glass
bottle).
3. Let it cool at room temperature for 45 minutes.
4. Strain oil using a cheesecloth.
5. Add in your preferred essential oils (optional).
6. Put the oil in your preferred bottle or in a 30 ml glass container.
7. Seal the container with the lid.
8. Cleanse, tone, and apply 2-4 drops to the skin.
9. Record the observations and results

Proposed Method and Data Analysis

The proposed method to use in this experiment is through testing the samples of coconut oil and
green tea with the help of our family and group members. We decided that we will all provide
materials available and one member would be the one who’ll do the experiment is aiming to test
the effectiveness of coconut oil and green tea as skin moisturizers. If possible, we will try our
best to have the product tested by a trusted dermatologist, so that we can guarantee its
effectiveness.

The type of data analysis presented in our research study is inferential statistics, wherein it
consists of generalizing samples from a population, estimating or calculating, and involves
testing the hypothesis, which determines the relationship among variables and creates predictions
about what might happen after conducting the research. We will be doing experiments and
hypothesis tests to come up with a conclusion, like testing the coconut oil and green tea on a
person’s skin and observing it for a period of time, and predicting what will happen or how
effective the product is. The final result of our experiment will be based on our predictions and
the results of the tests that we will conduct.
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CHAPTER IV

Review of Related Literature

This study aims to develop an effective moisturizer using green tea and coconut oil in order
to prevent premature aging and boost antioxidant levels in the skin. We wanted to find out the side
effects of using an antioxidant moisturizer made from green tea and coconut oil as well as the
difference between using green tea, coconut oil, and a mixture or combination of green tea and
coconut oil as an alternative face oil for moisturizing the skin.

Green tea is a widely consumed beverage and has long been used to treat various skin
conditions, such as psoriasis, eczema, and rosacea which is mainly due to its anti-inflammatory
effects. It is made by steaming or drying Camellia Sinensis (tea) leaves with the use of
fermentation. It also helps reverse sun damage.

Since the agricultural revolution, coconut oil has become one of the most prevalent oils. It
hydrates and nourishes skin. When consumed or applied to the skin, coconut oil has a lot of
potential for lowering inflammation, boosting antioxidant status, and minimizing oxidative stress.
Though they have numerous benefits, they also have risks and detrimental effects on a
person’s health. Many people who have consumed green tea products, mainly green tea extract
pills, have been reported to have liver issues. People taking green tea extracts, especially those
with liver disease, should discontinue use and consult a health care provider if they develop
symptoms of liver trouble. Some studies have shown that coconut oil can boost good cholesterol
and lower the bad, but other studies have shown that compared to other oils like olive oil, coconut
oil raises harmful LDL cholesterol levels which could lead to developing heart diseases or
suffering from a stroke.

Cocos Nucifera (Coconut Oil) and Camellia Sinensis (Green Tea) as face moisturizer

Both green tea and coconut oil are popular products around the world. Thousands and
thousands are exported every year. Millions of people are consumed and used by different people
in different places and cultures. For this reason, it is important to educate yourself about the
strengths and weaknesses of green tea and coconut oil. Benefits of using green tea and coconut oil
as a moisturizer

Using green tea and coconut oil as moisturizer has many advantages, but it also has
disadvantages. Green tea and coconut oil as moisturizers help reduce skin irritation and redness.
Green tea contains Vitamin E, which nourishes and moisturizes the skin. Both green tea and
coconut oil protect the skin, increase elasticity and rejuvenate.

Disadvantages of using green tea and coconut oil as a moisturizer

Of course, everything is expensive, and green tea and coconut oil are no exception. Coconut
oil can clog pores and cause acne and acne, especially if left overnight. Green tea should be taken
in moderation to avoid adverse effects.
 18

Green tea and coconut oil are raw materials that are produced and consumed on a daily
basis. There are pros and cons to using these as moisturizers. The most important thing is to listen
to the advice of a dermatologist. Both green tea and coconut oil are good for the skin, but the use
of moisturizers may not be recommended at all. Information is the key to knowing if a particular
product is safe for your body.
 19

CHAPTER V

Summary of findings

The primary objective of this research was to test the effectiveness of using Cocos nucifera
(coconut oil) and Camellia sinensis (green tea) when used as a skin moisturizer. Both green tea
and coconut oil are products that are very popular all over the world. Millions of coconut oil and
green tea products are produced, consumed, and used by different people in different places and
cultures. This is why learning about the benefits and drawbacks of green tea and coconut oil is
important.

Our research focused on finding the benefits consumers can gain while using the two main
ingredients, coconut oil and green tea as moisturizers and how they can affect consumers with
different skin types as well as their side effects. Researchers found out that some oils contain anti-
aging and antioxidant properties such as catechins and polyphenols which can be very beneficial
in aiding numerous skin problems for different skin types such as psoriasis, allergies, and acne due
to their characteristics. Using these ingredients offers a lot of advantages such as helping to aid
premature aging, reducing inflammations, moisturizing, and boosting skin elasticity. Green tea
contains Vitamin E, which has the ability to nourish and hydrate when applied to the skin. While
coconut oil is rich in medium-chain fatty acids which help retain the moisture content of the skin
while helping it look and feel silky smooth (Conte, D.).

Of course, there are implications to anything, and green tea and coconut oil are no exception.
Coconut oil is comedogenic, which simply means that it has the potential to block pores and can
cause blackheads and breakouts (Whelan, C.). Because of this, coconut results in blackheads and
acne, especially when you leave it overnight. It is not recommended to be used on broken or dry
skin, as it may cause skin irritations and make the condition worse (Rothenberg, B.). As for Green
tea, it should be consumed in moderation to avoid negative side effects such as skin allergies
(eczema and hives) and swelling.

Using these as moisturizers has both benefits and drawbacks. While both green tea and
coconut oil are good for the skin, there are times when using a moisturizer isn't advisable. What
matters the most is to follow a dermatologist's advice. Finding out if certain products are safe for
your body requires great knowledge.

Implications and Contributions to Knowledge

Practical Implications

Putting oil on a person's face sounds contradictory because most individuals don't want to
look oily, especially if they already have oily, acne-prone, or mixed skin. But that hasn't prevented
corporations from releasing new face oils almost every week, and this has inspired researchers to
create a green tea and coconut oil-based antioxidant face oil.

Oil is already produced by human skin, and it serves a crucial role in keeping us hydrated
by protecting the skin's outer layer. Sebum, which is secreted by the skin's sebaceous glands and
 20

adds to the oiliness on the face, is one form of oily substance that most people are familiar with.
However, cells in the stratum corneum, the protective outer layer of skin that serves as the skin's
primary barrier against water loss, create additional lipids (fats and oils). By keeping the stratum
corneum intact, the oils produced by human skin keep the layers smooth, seal in water, and guard
against allergens and infections.

Any oil, including the oils produced by our skin, is hydrophobic, meaning it repels water.
As a result, the skin remains moisturized. Because hydration is mostly a function of water balance,
oils aid in the retention of water and the prevention of water loss to the environment.

Human skin will become dry without natural oils. Many people suffer from dry skin as a
result of their skin's inability to produce enough oil to keep the surface layer of skin hydrated. If
the skin is oily, however, it is because the skin generates too much oil (sebum). Right now, facial
oils appear to be everywhere, and they have a long history in skin care. Oils were supposedly
utilized in cosmetics by the ancient Egyptians as early as 4500 B.C.E.

Most oils that are applied to the skin build a protective barrier on the skin's surface rather
than just permeating it. So, while oils are moisturizing and may promote hydration in the skin
indirectly, they are not technically hydrating. The size of the fatty acid molecules that make up the
oil is the most important aspect here. They sit on top of the skin barrier and act as occlusives if
they're too massive to go through. They may be able to penetrate deeper levels and thicken the
stratum corneum if they're small enough to get through.

Antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties are included in some oils.

They may be beneficial for certain skin problems due to their characteristics. Another concern is
whether or not oil is the best solution to that problem.

Theoretical Implications

Further research is needed to strengthen the theory described in this research proposal in
order to understand more about the body's endocrine system, which creates and regulates hormones
that are used in a number of bodily functions. There are still many problems in this research study,
such as discovering the efficacy of using this face oil and finding more hypotheses that would be
the ideal fit for the study by the researchers or future researchers who take up the same topic. For
this experimental investigation, strengthening the theories and adding models would be even more
beneficial, as it would result in a more dependable research study.

Recommendations for research

If you have dry, flaky skin, using coconut oil instead of your regular moisturizer may soften and
hydrate your skin, leaving it looking refreshed and soft upon waking. We also found a study about
the extract of green tea that can truly be a miracle skincare ingredient when used consistently as
 21

part of your routine. It can help improve your skin's natural moisture, fight acne, unclog pores, and
reduce inflammation that makes your face look puffy. Rather than drinking green tea, others put
green tea bags on their skin to relieve sunburn and prevent skin cancer. Green tea bags can also be
used to reduce puffiness around the eyes, as a compress for weary eyes or migraines, and to stop
bleeding gums following a tooth extraction. According to previous research, applying a solution
containing a component present in green tea to the skin for eight weeks lowers acne. Though it is
popular and has a lot of benefits, it also comes with disadvantages. Coconut Oil is comedogenic,
which simply means that it has the potential to cause blackheads by clogging pores and can cause
breakouts. People with acne-prone and oily skin types aren’t advised to use coconut oil as they
may not see the same benefits from coconut oil compared to other skin types.

Thus, we would like to recommend our product to:

Consumers with dry and dehydrated skin. Though drinking plenty of water helps to
hydrate your skin, the application of coconut and green tea oil, acts as an occlusive agent aids in
the prevention of water loss and supports your skin’s protective barrier, which helps to hydrate the
skin and keeps it moisturized.

Consumers with skin inflammation. If allowed or advised by your dermatologist, you

may use our coconut and green tea oil which contain antioxidants such as catechins that provide
strong anti-inflammatory effects.

To add, the product can be used by anyone as long as they consult with their dermatologist.
Avoid using the product if you have oily skin or allergies as it might cause conflicts to the product
like blackheads, acne-breakouts, or whiteheads to form on your face if left overnight. Before
applying the product, make sure that the area is dry and clean. You may apply it depending on
what time you want. Lastly, you must only use a light amount of the face oil.

Conclusion

Based on the findings of this study, we can conclude that our coconut and green tea oil is
beneficial to the skin, in that it softens and hydrates it. Our face oil product is recommended to
consumers with dry and dehydrated skin, as well as consumers with inflamed skin. Of course, the
most important thing to do before trying out our product is to seek out the advice of a dermatologist
in order to see whether the face oil will benefit your skin or damage it.
 22

Budget
I. Materials and Procedure

1 cup of Coconut Oil - ₱130.00

1 Handful of Dried Green Tea Leaf or Green Tea oil - ₱ 170.00
30 ml Glass Container - ₱ 79.00
Cheesecloth - ₱ 36.00
Small Stock Pot - ₱ 199.00
Total Materials Cost: ₱ 614.00

II. Travel Cost Total Distance to Drive (Back and Forth): 20 miles
Estimated cost of gas:
20 miles = 1 gallon of gas (1000 miles divided by 50 gallons of gas = 20 miles
for every 1 gallon of gas)
Cost of Fuel: ₱ 200.00
Total Fuel Cost: (1 gallon = ¼ liter) (4 x 50 = 200)
Total travel cost: ₱ 200.00
III. Total cost Materials and Procedure = ₱ 614.00 Travel Cost
= ₱ 200.00
Total Cost: = ₱ 814.00
 23

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