HISTORY HISTORY AND HISTORIANS

- Derived from the Greek word “historia” which means “knowledge - Facts cannot speak for themselves. It is the historian’s job not just
-acquired
During the voyage,
through he served
inquiry as Ferdinand Magellan’s assistant.
or investigation” OntoMarch 17, 1521 (originally
seek historical evidencesMarch 16, but
and facts 1521)
also to interpret them. It
--He
Alsokept a journal
known as theaccounting
study of theeverything
past that seemed fascinating and -They arrived
is their job to in give
Zamal (Samar).to these facts and organize them into
meaning
foreign
- is the to him. of the past of a person or a group of people through
account -The island establish
timeline, was calledcauses,
Humunu and(Homonhon).
write history.
-written
He wasdocuments
one of the 18 andmen who completed
historical evidencesthe trip, returning to Spain -Magellan and his men called it Aquada da li buoni Segnialli (The
in 1522, under
- History the command
also focused of Juan
on writing aboutSebastian Elcano. and other
wars, revolutions, Watering-place
TWO CLASSIFICATIONS of Good Signs).OF HISTORICAL SOURCES
important breakthroughs - After
PRIMARYthe Mass,
SOURCES Magellan ordered that the cross be brought with
Is Antonio Pigafetta credible? nails
Areand crowns
those sources in place.
produced at the same time as the event, period,
-NO
He DOCUMENT,
was the diarist NOofHISTORY
the expedition of the Portuguese explorer, or subject being studied
Ferdinand
- It means Magellan
that unless(who at thatdocument
a written time served
canthe Spanish
prove crown).
a certain historical OnEx:April 1, 1521 (originally
(Commonwealth 1935)March
-Minutes31, 1521)
-Newspaper clippings -Records
-event,
His workthenis it
important
cannot benot only as a as
considered source of information
a historical fact. about the -Magellan
-Photographs ordered the chaplain to preside a Mass by the shore of
-Eyewitness(es)
voyage itself, but also includes an early Western description of the Mazaua (Limasawa).
people and languages
SOME VALID HISTORICAL of the Philippines.
DOCUMENTS - He met two kings.
SECONDARY SOURCESThe first king was Rajah Siagu and the other king
--He was known
Government Account to be a conscientious chronicler, supposedly taking wasAre those sources king
Rajah Calambu, of Zuluan
produced by anand Calagan
author who(Butuan and Caragua).
used primary
notes daily.
- Chronicles Account sources to produce the material.
--Pigafetta
Personal remains
Letter the sole reliable source of that historic battle. OnEx:April 8, 1521
(Phil. Revolution 1935) -Teodoro Agoncillo’s Revolt of the
-Magellan
Masses and his men encountered some struggle when first entering
First Voyage Around
DISCRIMINATION IN the WorldOF HISTORY
VALIDITY the port of Zubu (Cebu).
--This was written on board one of the five ships that was
Restricting historical evidence as exclusively written is a discrimination first to EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL CRITICISM
circumnavigate
against other social the world during
classes an expedition
who were not recordedled by inMagellan
paper. and after OnEXTERNAL
April 15, 1521 CRITICISM
his death during that voyage, by Juan Sebastian Elcano.
- Others got their historical documents burned or destroyed in the events -A mass was held
The practice with Rajah
of verifying theHumabon
authenticityand of
hisevidence
people attending the
by examining
-of
Pigafetta’s journal
war or colonization. written during their expedition in 1519-1522 became ceremony.
the physical characteristics; consistency with the historical
the basis for his 1525 travelogue entitled The First Voyage Around the -Pigafetta showed
characteristic of the
the wife
timeofwhenHumabon
it wasaproduced,
very beautiful wooden
and the Sto.
materials
World.
QUESTION ISSUES OF HISTORY Nino
usedand fora the
cross.evidence
--Officially published after Pigafetta returned to Italy.
What is history? - Magellan, as a sign of friendship, made a blood compact with Rajah
--Consists
Why Study of 203 pages. (Google Books, 2007)
History? Humabon,
INTERNAL the king of Cebu.
CRITICISM
--This
Historydocument
for Whom? is about Magellan’s travels. It is the trail of the so-called Is the examination of the truthfulness and factuality of the
Magellan route heading to the Spice Islands, attempting to sail around Onevidence.
April 27, 1521It looks(originally April 26,
at the content of1521)
the source and examines the
the world and discovering various possible routes.
HISTORIAGRAPHY -The Chief of Mactan,
circumstance Cilapulapu (Lapu
of its production. It couldLapu)
be refused
done byto obey the
looking King
at the
--ItIsisthe
anhistory
accurate ofethnographic
history and geographical account of the first of author,
Spain. its context, agenda, the purpose behind its creation
circumnavigation
- It covers how historiansof the globe.
have studied and developed history including - Magellan’s troops Vs Lapu-Lapu’s troops
-its
Here, Pigafetta
sources, describes
techniques, the
and people, countries,
theoretical approaches goods, and even the DECEPTION CASES IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
languages
- It should thatnot be were spokenwith
confused in theHistory
journey in the pre-colonial
because history is thePhilippines.
study of - When
• HOAX theCODE
body OF of Magellan
KALANTYAW was recovered by the warriors,
-the
Upon arrival in Europe, he presented
past, the events that happened in the past. copies of his account to several Humabon ordered him to return
-The code was a set of rules contained the bodies of epic
in an Magellan and some
Maragtas whichof
high personages, including Pope Clement VII and Mother
- It focuses on how a certain historical text was written, who wrote it, of King Francis his crew who were killed, and they would be given
was allegedly written by Datu Kalantiaw. The document was sold to as much
Iwhat
of France.
was the context of its publication, what historical method was merchandise
National Library as they and wished. Lapu-lapu
was regarded as anrefused.
important precolonial
-employed,
His originalwhat diarysources
was lost, and
were use it is not known in what language it was - Magellan
document was succeeded by Juan Sebastian Elcano as commander of
written. the- In
expedition,
1968, an American historian William Henry Scott after
who ordered the immediate departure debunked the
-POSIVITISM
However, an account of the voyage, written between 1522 and 1525, Humabon’s
authenticity betrayal.
of the code due to lack of evidence to prove that the
survives in fourofmanuscript
- Is the school thought thatversions:
emerged onebetween
in Italiantheand18th
threeandin 19th
French. code existed in precolonial Philippine society.
-century.
This is one This thought requires empirical and observable evidence before Few of the customs and traditions mentioned
of the most important primary source.
one can claim that a particular knowledge is true. 1. •Socio-cultural
FERDINAND MARCOS significance AS WORLD WAR II SOLDIER
A- Historians
Brief Summary were of the thetoFirst
required showVoyage
writtenof the World
primary documents in order to The culture
- This wasof the Filipinos
widely believedduring that period
by students is heavily
of history mentioned.
and Marcos had In
-write
His account was ahistorical
a particular major referent to the events leading to Magellan’s
narrative. thewar
other islands,
medals the locals
to show. treated
This claim was them with food
disproven whenand shelter as an
historian
arrival in the Philippines- his encounter with local leaders, his death in actcounterchecked
of friendship. Marcos’s claims with the war records of the United
the
POST hands of Lapu-Lapu’s forces in the Battle of Mactan, and in the
COLONIALISM States.
departure
- Is the school of what was leftthat
of thought of Magellan’s
emerged in fleet
thefrom
earlythe islands.
20th century when 2. Political significance
-formerly
Examining the document
colonized nationsreveals
grappledseveral
withinsights
the ideanot just in the
of creating their A lot of the
FIRST political
VOYAGE customs
AROUND THEwas about the kings of the islands. The
WORLD
character
identitiesof andtheunderstanding
Philippines during
their the pre-colonial
societies againstperiod, but alsoofon
the shadows their kings were treated with loyalty and superiority by its people.
the fresh past.
colonial eyes of the Europeans regard a deeply unfamiliar terrain, Antonio Pifagetta
environment, people, and culture. 3. -Economic
also known significance
by the name of Antonio Lombardo or Francisco
-2Ladrones
THINGS IN Islands "Islands
WRITING of the Thieves" -presently the "Mariana
HISTORY The man and
Antonio women are both responsible for work either outside or
Pigafetta
Islands"
- Tell the history of their nation that will highlight their identity free from inside. The Filipinos
- Venetian scholarofborn thataround
time also1491hadinaVicenza,
lot of resources
Republicand also
of Venice
-that
The colonial
place where he wrote his firsthand
discourse and knowledge observations and general participated in trade with each other and even
(modern Italy) and died in 1531 in the aforementioned place. other countries
impressions
- To criticizein the
the Far East,effects,
methods, includingandtheir
ideaexperiences
of colonialism in Visayas. before the Spaniards
belonged were already
to a rich family in his citythere.
of Vicenza in northeast Italy.
- These islands are located south- southeast Japan, west- southwest of - studied astronomy, geography and cartography.
Hawaii,
HISTORICAL northMETHODOLOGY
of New Guinea, and east of Philippines. Additional Facts about
- Italian explorer and the Firstthat
scholar Voyage
became Around
partthe World
of the expedition
--Since Magellan and his crew crossed the International
It comprises certain techniques and rules that historians follow in order Dateline, there is - The
under the order of the prince of Spain, King Charlesdocuments
chronicle of Pigafetta was one of the most cited I. by
one day added to the original dates that Antonio Pigafetta
to properly utilize sources and historical evidences in writing history. wrote in his historians who wished to study the pre- colonial Philippines.
book. - Being the earliest detailed documentation, it was believed that
Pigafetta's writings account for the "purest" pre-colonial society.
Is this document credible?
- According to scholar Theodore Cachey Jr., the travelogue
represented "the literary epitome of its genre" and achieved an
international reputation.
- One of Pigafetta's patrons, Francesco Chiericati, called the journal
"a divine thing," and Shakespeare himself seems to have been
inspired by his work.
- Cachey points out that its intent is on marveling at what it
encounters and therein lies much of its appeal. It is a work that is
intent on wonder.
- First Voyage is a great gulf between what Pigafetta sees and what
Pigafetta knows.
- For us, “student-historians,” the First Voyage Around the World is
credible since this is what remains as the sole reliable source of the
pre-colonial Philippines.
- Nevertheless, there needs to have a more nuanced reading of the
source.
- As students of history, we should recognize certain biases
accompanying the author and his identity, loyalties, and the
circumstances that he was in, and how it affected the text he
produced.

Relevance of the document

- This journal is used as a reference for many history related works.
- The book served as an evidence that the world is round and not
flat.
- Magellan discovered the Mar Pacifico "peaceful sea" (Pacific
Ocean).
- He proved that there was a way to the east by sailing west.
- Opened many doors for Spain together with many other different
countries around the world due to different discoveries from this
expedition.

Contribution in understanding the Philippine History

- It paints a somewhat accurate picture of the native way of life prior
to Spanish colonization.
- It helps us understand how the Filipinos of the past lived.
- It was a proof of the rich governance and independence in our
country in the pre-colonial era.
- We came to know who discovered the existence of the Philippines.
- We also discovered what religion Filipinos used to have, until they
became Christians.
- It showed how Filipinos coped when Magelllan and his men came
to the Philippines and how they delayed Spanish occupation for
Years.
- This journal is a vital piece not only of the Philippine History, but
also of the World History.
- This book aids the researchers and the students of today in
understanding the context and content of the Magellan expedition.