Lab 5

Protozoa
Protozoa is classified into four subdivisions according to the
methods of locomotion.
1- (Sarcodina) The amoebae move by means of pseudopodia.
2- (Mastigophora) The flagellates typically move by long,
whiplike flagellae . Example Trypanosoma
3-(Ciliata) The ciliates are propelled by rows of cilia that
beat with a synchronized wavelike motion.
Example paramecium
4-(Sporozoa) The sporozoans lack specialized organelles of
motility Example Plasmodium
Protozoa that enter the body by ingestion have two
**morphological forms:

1- Trophozoite : the motile vegetative stage; multiplies via

binary fission; colonizes host.

2-Cyst : the inactive, non-motile, infective stage; survives

the environment due to the presence of a cyst wall. Cysts do
not multiply, however, some organisms divide within the
cyst wall.
1- The amoebae
Belong to class Sarcodina , move by means of pseudopodia.
Pseudopodia : Amoeboid movement involves endoplasm and
ectoplasm. Endoplasm is more fluid than ectoplasm which is
gel-like.
- When a pseudopodium forms, an extension of ectoplasm
appears and endoplasm flows into it and fountains to the
periphery where it becomes ectoplasm. Thus, a tube of
ectoplasm forms that the endoplasm flows through. The
pseudopodium anchors to the substrate and the organism
moves forward.

**Also amoeba used the pseudopoda for feeding

Reproduction in amoeba
By binary fission . After replicating its genetic material
through mitotic division, the cell divides into two equal sized
daughter cells. This leads to the formation of the two
daughter Amoebae cell having a nucleus and its own cell
organelles.

2- Paramecium
Belong to class Ciliata
A Paramecium propels itself by whiplash movements of the
cilia, which are arranged in tightly spaced rows around the
outside of the body.
Paramecium reproduces both asexually and sexually.
1- ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION: BINARY FISSION
Binary fission occurs in transverse fission in Paramecium. It
is a common method of reproduction in Paramecium which
occurs during favorable condition. A fully grown
Paramecium is divided into two daughter individuals.
Division occurs at the right angle to the longitudinal axis of
the body. Nuclear division is followed by the cytoplasmic
division.

2- SEXUAL REPRODUCTION: CONJUGATION

In Paramecium, Conjugation is a form of sexual
reproduction. It is a temporary union of two individuals of
same species for mutual exchange of genetic materials.