FACULTY : FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT : DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

STUDENT NAME : PRECIOUS MNGUNI

STUDENT NUMBER : 221465723

SUBJECT : SURVEY PRACTICAL

LECTURE : Ms M.C CHAPINDUKA

GROUP : 9

SUBMISSION : 26 APRIL 2022

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION PAGE3

AIM PAGE3

APPARATUS PAGE3

PROCEDUCRES PAGE 4

TABLES AND ANALYSIS PAGE5

FIELWORK PAGE

BUILDING SKETCH PAGE6

CONCLUSION PAGE 7

LONG AND INVERTED LEVELLING PRACTICAL

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INTRODUCTION

Levelling is a process of determining the height of one level

relative to another. It is used in surveying to establish the elevation of a point relative to a datum,
or to establish a point at a given elevation relative to a datum.

An inverted staff reading can be used to determine the reduced

Level of a point above the line of sight of the instrument such as a
Ceiling, underside of a bridge, balcony etc. As the name suggests, the staff is simply turned upside
– down, the bottom placed against the point that is required, and the read.

AIM

To compute the reduced levels from known benchmark to a second known bench mark.

To carry out the rise and fall and collimation height method from a known bench mark.

To adjust and perform corrections to the levelling data

APPARATUS USED

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Levelling staff

Measuring tape

PROCEDURE

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The levelling instrument is stationed at a convenient position, and then the staff is
positioned on the benchmark. This is the back sight for point A and a foresight for point B.
For the fourth (4th) intermediate sight, the level instrument is set up for taking reading for
both point C and D. When the is at position I8 the eighth intermediate sight, the levelling
has been placed at point F and G. A reading from the new position was taken to the staff at
point D, E.B is the back sight, and E is the foresight.

For the eleventh (11th) position, the staff is moved from point I and point J to record the
readings. The final staff position is at a point of known reduced level. This is very crucial as
all levelling fieldwork should start and end at points o. f known reducing levels

TABLES AND ANALYSIS

Rise and fall checks

Last Reduced Level – First Reduced Level = ∑Rises - ∑Falls= ∑Bs-∑Fs

1452.096-1454.00= 0.821-2.725=3.933-5.837

-1.904=-1.904=-1.904

Height of collimation checks

Last Reduced Level – First Reduced Level = ∑Bs- ∑Fs

1452.096-1454.00=3.933-5.837

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Correcting the levelling error

Misclosure = Known Level – Calculated Level

= 1452.284-1464.289 -1452.096

= 0.188

Limit Error = C√D

= 0.01√0.28

= 5.292x10-3

MAP OF THE LEVELLING PRACTICAL

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CONCLUSION

All data was recorded by the rise and fall method. Arithmetical checks were applied in reduced
levelling method to verify the accuracy and precision of the calculations.

∑Rises - ∑Falls= ∑Bs-∑Fs is the arithmetical check used. Levelling was done from a known
benchmarkWW2 to another known benchmark PIPE1 then we calculated the transferring levelling
from WW2 to PIPE1. to check if our data is correct

REFERENCING

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1. Survey for engineers. J.Uren and W.F Prices 3rd edition
2. Lecture notes: Ms Agnete Were, Engineering Survey 1
3. Modul Politenek Kementeran Pendioksn Malaysia C1002. UK.

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