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 BIOLOGICAL BASIS of
The
MODERN SURGICAL PRACTICE
20TH EDITION

COURTNEY M. TOWNSEND, JR., MD B. MARK EVERS, MD

Professor Professor a nd Vice-Chair for Research, Deparunent of Surgery
Robertson-Pot h D istinguished C hair in General Surgery D irector, Lucille P. Ma rkey Cancer Cente r
Depart1nent of Surgery Markey Cancer Foundation Endowed Chair
University ofTexas Medical Branch Physician- in-Ch ief, Oncology Service Line UK Healthcare
Galveston, Texas Un iversity of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky

R. DANIEL BEAUCHAMP, MD
J.C. Foshee Distinguished Professor and Chairn1an, Section of KENNETH L. MATTOX, MD
Surgical Sciences Professor and Vice Chairn1an
Professor of Surgery and Cell and Developn1ental Biology and M ichael E. DeBakey Departn1ent of Surgery
Cancer Biology Baylor College of Medicine
Vanderbilt U niversity School of Medicine Chief of Staff and Chief of Surgery
Surgeon-in-Chief, Vanderbilt University Hospital Ben Taub General Hospital
Nashville, Tennessee Houston, Texas

ELSEVIER
ELSEVIER
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ISBN: 978-0-323-29987-9
lrue.rnacional Edition ISBN: 978-0-323-40162-3
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Sabiscon cexcbook of surgery : the biological basis of n1odern surgical practic I [edited by] Courcney Iv!. To\vnsend,
Jr, R. Dartiel Beauchamp, B. Mark Evers, Ken nech L. Mactox.-20th edition.
p. ; cn1.
Textbook of surgery
Preceded by Sabiscon textbook of surgery I [edited by] Cou rtney M . Townsend Jr.... [er al.]. 19th ed. 20 12.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-323-29987-9 (hardcover : alk. paper)-ISBN 978-0-323-40162-3 (incernational ed ition: alk. paper)
I. 1ownsend, Courtney M., Jr., editor. ll. Beauchan1p, R. Daniel, edicor. lll. Evers, B. Mark, 1957-,
editor. IV Ma ttox, Ke nneth L., 1938-, edito r. V Title: Textbook of su rgery.
[DNL/v!: I. Surgical Procedures, Operative. 2. General Surgery. 3. Periopera tive Care. \VO 500]
RD 31
6 17-dc23
2015035365
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SECTION I SURG ICAL BASIC PRINCIPLES, I
1 The Rise of Modern Surgery: An Overview, 2
lraRutkow
2 Ethics and Professionali sm in Surgery, 20
Cheryl E. Vaiani and Howard Brody
3 The Inflammatory Response, 25
Puja M. Shah, Zachary C. Oietch. and Robert G. Sawyer
4 Shock, El ectrolytes, and Fluid, 44
PererRlleeandBclla/Josep/1
5 Metabolis m in Surgical Patients, 98
Joshua Carson. Ahmed Al-Mousawi, Noe A. Rodriguez,
Celeste C. Finnerty, and David N. Herndon
6 Wound Hea ling. 130
Mimi Leong, Kevin 0. Murphy. and linda G_ Phillips
7 Regenerative Medic ine, 163
Michael S. Hu. Graham G. Walmsley, H. Peter Lorenz, and
Michael T. Longaker
8 Evidenc e-Based Surgery: Critically Assess ing Surgical
Literature, 173
Vlad V. Simianu, Farhood Farjah. and David R. Flum
9 Safety in the Surgica l Environment. 187
Warren S. Sandberg, Roger Dmoehowski. and R. Daniel Beauchamp
SECTION II PERIOPERATIVE
MANAGEMENT, 20 1
10 Principl es of Preoperative and Operative Surgery, 202
Leigh Neumayer and Nasrin Ghalyaie
11 Surgical Infections and Antibiotic Use, 241
PhilipS. Barie
12 Surgical Complications, 28 1
Mahmoud N. Ku/ay/a/ and Merril T. Dayton
13 Surgery in the Geriatric Patient. 327
Heather Yeo. Jeffrey lndes. and Ronnie A Rosenthal
14 Anesthesio logy Princi ples, Pain Management, and
Consc ious Sedation, 360
Antonio Hernandez and Edward R. Sherwood
15 Emerging Technology in Surgery: Informatics, Robotics,
El ectronics,393
Carmen l. Mueller and Gerald M Fried
SECTION Ill TRAUMA AND CRITICAL CA RE, 407
16 Management of Acute Trauma, 408
R. Shayn Martin and J. Wayne Meredith
17 The Difficult Abdominal Wall, 449
Oliver L. Gunter and Richard Miller
18 Emergency Care of Musc uloske1etal Injuries, 462
Daniel K. Witmer. Silas T. Marshall, and Bruce D. Brow11er
CONTENTS
19 Burns, 505
Marc G. Jeschke and David N. Herndon
20 Bites and Stings, 532
Lillian F. Liao. Robert L. Norris. Paul S. Auerbach, Elaine E. Nelson.
and Ronald M. Stewart
21 Surgical Critical Care, 547
Andrew H. Stephen, Charles A. Adams, Jr., and William G. Cioffi
22 Bedside Surgic al Procedures, 577
Addison K. May. Bradley M Dennis. Oliver L. Gunter, and Jose J. Diaz
23 The Surgeon's Role in Mass Casualty Incidents, 586
Michael Stein and Asher Hirshberg
SECTION IV TRANS PLANTATION AN D
IMMUNOLOGY, 597
24 Transplantation lmmunobiology and
lmmunosuppression, 598
Andrew B. Adams. Mandy Ford. and Christian P. Larsen
25 liver Transp lantation, 637
Nancy Ascher
26 Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation, 649
Yolanda Becker and Piotr Wirkowski
27 Small Bowel Transplantation, 666
Aparna Rege and Debra l. Sudan
SECTION V SU RGICA L ONCO LOGY, 676
28 Tumor Biology and Tumor M arkers, 677
Dominic E. Sa11ford. S. Pew Goedogobuure, and Timothy J. Eberlein
29 Tumor Immunology and lmmunotherapy, 705
James S. Economou. James C. Yang, and James S. Tomlinson
30 M elanom a and Cutaneous Malignant Neoplasms, 724
Charles W. Kimbrough. Marshall M Urist. and Kelly M. McMasters
3 1 Soft Tissue Sarcoma, 754
Carlo M Contreras and Martin J. Heslin
32 Bon e Tumors, 773
Herbert S. Schwartz. Ginger f. Holt. and Jennifer L. Halpern
SECTION VJ H EA D AND NEC K, 788
33 Head and Neck, 789
Robert R. Lorenz. Marion f. Couch. and Brian B. Burkey
SECTION VII BREAST, 8 19
34 Diseases of the Breast, 820
Kelly K. Hunt and Elizabeth A. Mittendorf
35 Breast Reconstruction, 865
Karen l. Powers a11d Linda G Phil/1ps
xx iii
CONTENTS

SECTION VIII ENDOC RI NE, 880 55 Exocrine Pancreas, 1520

Christein. EricH.Jensen. and
36 Thyroid, 88 1
Philip W. Smith, Laura R. Hanks, Leslie J. Salomone, and
JohnB. Hanks 56 The Spleen, 1556
Benjamin K Poulose and Michael 0. Holzman
37 The Parathyroid Glands, 923
Courtney E. Quinn and Robert Udelsman
38 Endocrine Pancreas, 94 1 SECTION XI CH EST, 1572
Rebekah WhireandTaylorS Rial/
57 Lung, Ch est Wall, Ple ura, a nd Me diastinum, 1573
39 The Adrenal Glands. 963 Joe 8 Putnam. Jr.
Michael W. Yeh, Masha J. Livhits, and Quan-Yang Duh
58 Cong e nita l Heart Disease, 1619
40 The Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes, 996 Charles O_ Fraser. Jr_ and Lauren C Kane
Terrye. LairmoreandJeffreyF.Moley
59 Acquired He art Dise ase: Coronary Insuffici ency, 1658
Shuab Omer, Lorraine O_ Cornwell, and Faisal G. Bakaeen
60 Acquired Heart Disease: Va lvular, 1691
SECTION IX ESO PH AGUS, 1013 Todd K. Rosengart and Jatin Anand
41 Esophagus, 1014
Jonathan 0. Spicer, Rajeev Dhupar, Jae Y. Kim, Boris Sepesi, and
Wayne Hofstetter SECTION XII VASC ULAR , 172 1
42 Gastroesophagea l Reflux Disease and Hiatal Hernia, 1043 61 The Aorta, 1722
Robert 8. Yates. Brant K. Oelschlager, and Carlos A. Pellegrini Margarete. TracciandKennerhJ. Cherry
62 Peri pheral Arterial Disease, 1754
Charlie C. Cheng, Faisal Cheema. Grant Fankhauser, and
SECTION X ABDOMEN , 1065 MichaelB. Silva, Jr

43 Abdominal Wall, Umbilicus, Peritoneum. Mesenteri es, 63 Vascular Trauma, 1808

Omentum, and Retroperitone um, 1066 Michael J. Sise, Carlos V.R. Brown, and Howard C. Champion
Richard H. Turnage, Jason Mizell, and Brian Badgwell 64 Venous Disease, 1827
44 Hern ias, 1092 Julie A Freischlag and Jennifer A Heller
Mark A Malangoni and Michael J Rosen 65 The Lymphatics, 1848
45 Acute Abdomen, 1120 /rak/is I. P1pinos and B_ Timothy Baxter
Ronald Squires. Sreven N. Carter, and Russell G. Postier
46 Acute Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage, 1139 SECTION Xlll SPEC IA LT IES IN GENERA L
Ali Tavakkoli and Stanley W. Ashley
SU RGERY, 185 7
47 Morbid Obesity, 11 60 66 Pediatric Surgery, 1858
Williama. Richards
DaiH_ Chung
48 Stomach, 1188
67 Neurosurgery, 1900
Ezra N. Teitelbaum, Eric S Hungness, and David M Mahvi
Juan Ortega-Barnett, Aaron Mohanty, Sohum K Desai. and
49 Smal l Intestine, 1237 JoelT. Patterson
Jennifer W. Harris and B. Mark Evers
68 Plastic Surgery, 1938
50 The Appendix, 1296 Mary H McGrath and Jason H Pomerantz
Bryan Richmond
69 Hand Surgery, 1975
51 Colon and Rectum, 1312 David Ne tscher, Kevin 0. Murphy. Nicholas A. Fiore II
70 Gynecologic Surgery, 2027
Howard W Jones Ill
52 Anus, 1394
71 Surge ry in the Pre gnant Patient, 2053
Amit Merchea and David W Larson
Dean J Mikami, Jon C Henry. and E. Christopher Ellison
53 The Liver, 141 8 72 Urologic Surgery, 2068
Vikas Dudeja and Yuman Fong
Thomas Gillispie Smith Ill and Michael Coburn
54 Biliary System, 1482
Patrick G. Jackson and Stephen RT. Evans Index, 2107

xx iv
 VIDEO CONTENTS

SECTION I SU RC ICA L BASIC PRINC IPLES 50 The Appendix

Video 50 - 1 l..aparascopic Appendectomy
5 Metabolism in Surgical Patients
Jonathan Carter. MD
Video 5- 1 lndircc1 Calorimc1ry
Vid eo 50-2 l..aparascopic Appendectomy in Pregnant Paliem
Noe A. Rodriguez. MD
Lawrence W. Way, MO
Video 5-2 Body ComPosi 1io n and DEXA
Video 50-3 SJLS App<ond<ocwrny Across a Spectrum of
Noe A. Rodriguez, MO
Disease Severity
Video 5-3 Treadmill
Kazunori Sato. MD; Beemen N. Khalil, MD. Ranna Tabrizi. MD.
Noe A. Rodriguez, MO
Jonathan Carter, MD
55 Exocrine Pancreas
Video 55- 1 LaparoM:o pic Splce n-Prc5c rvin g D i5tal
SECTION II PER IO PERATIVE MANAGEM EN T
Pancrea tcclo my
15 Emerging Technology in Surgery: Informatics, Robotics, EricH.Jensen,MD
El ectronic s Video 55-2 LaparoM:o pi c Vessel- Prese rving, Spleen- l're5erv ing
Video 15- 1 Robot-Assistc<! Rc5ccr ion Disrnl Pancrea1ectomy
Guillermo Gomez, MD EricH.Jensen,MO
Video 55-3 Laparoscopic Cy5t Gastroston1 y
EricH.Jensen,MD
SECTION Ill T RAUMA AND C RITI CAL CARE
17 The Difficult Abdomin al Wall
Video 17- 1 Novel Management of an Entcroatm osphcrk
SECTION XI CHEST
Fistula Using a "Floating Stoma" 57 lung , Chest Wall, Pleura, and Mediastinum
Oliverl. Gunter Video 57- 1 Pleural Effusion
Christopher J. Dente. MD. Grace S. Rozycki, MD, ROMS, FACS
Video 57-2 Pleural Sliding
Chrisropher J. Dente. MD. Grace S Rozycki. MD. ROMS, FACS
SECTION IV TRANSPLANTATION AN D
Video 57-3 Pneu rnothorax
IMMUNOLOGY Grace S. Rozycki, MD, ROMS, FACS
24 Transpl antation lmmunobiology and lmmunosuppression
Video 24- 1 Rcsuhs of the Wo rld '• Fi rst Successful Ha nd
l f ansplant SECTION XII VASCULAR
r.
Darla K. Granger. MO, Suzanne l/dstad. MD
61 Aorta
Video 6 1- 1 Total Ao rti c Replacement
Hazim J. Safi. MO. Anthony L. Estrera, MD, Eyal E. Porat, MD.
SECTION VIII ENDOCR INE Aliz Azizzadeh. MD. Riad Meada, MD
40 The Multiple End ocrine Neoplasia Syndromes 64 Venous Disease
Video 40- 1 Parat hyro id Autotransplantatio n Video 64- 1 TRI VEX 1
JeffreyF. Moley,MO Jennifer Heller, MD
Vid eo 4 0-2 l..:lparoscopic Adre nalccwmy for Video 64-2 TRI VEX 2
Pheochromocywma in Pa1iems wi(h MEN 2A Jennifer Heller, MD
JeffreyF. Moley,MD

SECTION XIII SPEC IALTIES IN GEN ERAL

SECTION X ABDOMEN
SU RGERY
47 Morbid Obesity
70 Gynecologic Surgery
Video 4 7- 1 Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgical
Video 7 0- 1 Total U.pa roscopic Hysterecto my with Right
l~chnique
Salpi ngo-Oophorcctomy
William 0. Richards. MO
Amanda Yunker, OD. MSCR, Howard W. Jones Ill. MD
Video 47-2 U.paroscopic Adjusrable Gastric Band Surgical
Video 70-2 1..:lparoscopic Right Salpingo-O op horectomy
'[Ccl1nique
Amanda Yunker. DO. MSCR. Howard W. Jones Ill, MD
William 0. Richards. MO

xxv
This page intentionally left blank
 INDEX

Page num ber> fol lowed by 'f" ind icate figures, "b" ind icate bo~cs. and 'r" ind icate tabl es

A Abdo rnjn al pctincal reS<"<'.! ion, in Acuicabdomcn (Cbntinued)

Aaron sign , 1126t rcctala ncn, 1379 amebk.;uA rn cbicabscess nonsurgical cau><-sof, __!_!l_Q,
Ahl>< Haps. 121, 795/ Abdominal trauma, 1895- 1896 breast , fil 1121b
Ah l>rcviatcd injury5Calc (AIS) , Alll Abdominal vascular injury. incomplicaie<ldivcrticulitis , in[><'diatrics,1 132- 11 3 3
Abei~imab , 719< 1818-1820, 1819/ \333- 1334 p hysical exa m inat ion of,
ABC1of1raum a, 1894-1895 Abdominal wall , 449-461 intra-abd ominal. inCrohn's 1124-1125, 11 25/ 1126r
AbJ01nen, injutiesw, 432-444 1065-109 1 roliti s,1351 - 1352 in pregmncy, 113 1-1 132, 1131/
cvJ luacionof -- alxlomin al closure, assessi ng lung, 1595 1132i, 2057
blumabdomina l irauma, rcad incssfor,4 52 rrogc~fe !'yogenicab>ecss summary of, 1135
432-434. 433/ abdom inalfascialdehi scenu, splenic,1562 , 1564 surgiuilcondi tionsof, 1120,
pmctr>ti n gabdomi nal tra uma , 4 49 -45 0,450b Ab'°rpt ion, in colon , 1323 11 2 1b -
43( 434/ abno rm ali ties of, 1071 - 1072 Ac;ctabulum , 475, 47(>/ Acuteacak 11louscholccy>titis , 1508,
ru anage-;-;;e;;-tof, 434 -444 adju11mtorcpair, 456-458 , 4 58[ Acetaminoph-e,;:- -542 1508/
immediatc. fil
- biologicmcsh ,453-454,454{ Acetate, 1323 Acuicblccding,218.219,2191
Abdominal aorta, 964/965/ dosure techn iquein ,44 9 Acha lasia. 1016- 1019, 10 17/ 10 18/ Acutecakulou scholecysti tis
Ah<lomiml ao nicancury<rn conditions. 188 .~-1884 Acidosis. 2J..:2.1 1493- 1494 , 1493/
computc<lwmogrophyfor. ~ abdom inal wa ll dcfcct>. Jl!1li, Acid, Arntcchola ngit is, 1507
1724/ 1883/ "'causeofnkcr, 119<) Acutecholcx;y5t it is ,J 46
<l iagnosisof, 1723- 1724, gamoschisis , 1883- 1884 inchemicalbums, 527-528, 527/ lv!urphysignof,1 125
172Jfl~ hernili, 1884- - Adnelbbtulfrbt1u>mmniicornplex , Acuiecomp att1ne111 syn<lromc,
ingcriatricpaticnts,35 1.352/ o mphalocelc . _!fil!2 264-265 485·487
ind dcnccof, 1722 . 17 B. 172 31 defects of, 1883 , 1883/ Acinus. 14 28-1429 d iagnosisof, 486, 4 86/
rnagncticrc.<onancc imagingan<l ddiniti,·crcpair, 455 -456 An1uirc<l hcn ign<li><irdcr<,of fascioto myot:4"87.4H7(
magnetic resonance dcsmoid, _!_QU csophagu, , 1025-1027 pathogcnc,ho~
angiography for. ~ hcmiaof.350-35! . Juafr,, Acquire<lesophagealdisease, surgica ltreaunem of, ~ 4881
1724/ -1il25..:lQ2Z 11ssue pressure1neasuretntnt
mc<lical thcrapyof. 1724-1725 openaorticsurgery, Acq u ired heart disease techn ique, 486-487, 487(
open su rgjcalrcpairof, 17 27- co mplicat io ns of. coronaryinsu fficicncy, 1658- 1690 Acute coronary syndrome, 1661
1731. 1728f1729/ 1742 - 1743 "• lv nbr, 1691 - 1720 Acute fatty liver, of pregnancy,
preoperative evaluation in , intra-abdom inaldisca.'C, An1uirc<l im munity, 601 -616 .2ll6l..=2llG2.
1725-1727, 1726/ !727/ symptoms o f, 107 4- 107 5 ccllul • rrom po nentsof. 604-616 Acutefractures , 462, 463[
riskofmpturcin , 1723, 172}t malignamneoplasmsof, hum anh i.iocompa tibility Acu1egasuicvor;;;;f;;s, l.QB
rnpturedweurys m~ agement 1072- 1074 complex . 601 ·604,602/ Acute gastrointestinal hctllorrhage ,
of,1 7 31 modified Rives-Stop pa and Acquired immu nodeficiency l..l.li1.!22
scrcr ning and <u rvdllancc transvcrsus alxlom inis rdc.sc syn<lromc (A IDS) , 1410 fromanobs.:urcsource ,
recommendationsfor, _ll21 tcchni<iuc>. 456 ,45 7/ Ac'luirc<lintcrrdhcrnh-;:-- 1155-1157. l l 56b
surgicaltreatmcmfor, 1725-17}3 reromuuc1ion , prep.rationfor, ~ d iagnosisof, 1 155 -1156
tcx;hn iqucofopcn><irgical rcpair 4 55,455/4561 Acquire<! umbi lical herni a, 1071 S[><'cificcauscsof, 1157
o( 1727- \7}1. 1728fl730/ sarcoma of, 1074 Acral lentigi nous mcbnoma , nQ, trcatmcn t of. 1156- 1157
17 32/ seromaof. 454-455.4 54{ 730/ lowcr, ll2.!.:..l__!22
Alxlon1iml co mparunc111 syn<lromc, skin n<"<'.tosis , 454-455,454{ Ac1j11ickcrawses, 748 rn anagcrncn1 of patients wit Ii,
70.70/5 55- 556. 581 suturcmatcr ial for,449 Aclinomycosis , 1597- 1598, 1597/ 1139-1142. 1140/
ac;:;;-0, 1QZ222 - syntheticmeshfailure, 4 53, 45 3b Activated proiein C, 571 h istoryan dphysical
canscof, J.QZ:l!!!:! tempornryabdom inaldosure, Activewarming, 55 -~561 examination, l140 - ll4l
di agnos;,of, ~ 450-45 2 , 450b,450<, ActivitiCiofd aily livin g, 338 ini tial assess ment , 11 40
pre,·emionof. 309b 451f4 52/ Acute abdomen , 1!20-1U8 locali-tat ion ,11 4 1- 1142,
ttc~miem of, l!lli:2.Q2 an<lutnb ilicus, 1066 -1075 algori1h rns in , 1134, 1134f1136/ 1141/
Abdominal foscial dchisccnce , anatomy of, 1066-1068, 1067/ anawrn y andphysiologyof, rcsusciialion , 1140
449 -4 50, 45 0b embryology ~ t 120-1121. ll2 2b, 1122/ riskstrat ification , l.!1b
ri,;kfactorfor,450b "csse!sandner"csofabdominol ><ypicalpa1ientsof,1 131 - 1134 l l42b
wall , 1068-1071 common pitfall, in , 1135 scvcrity of. 1140
VCisels and nerves of, J..Q&lQZ! incrit ical lyil l, 1133 nppcr, 1142-1 151, 11 4 2<
jnnervatio nof, 1069- 107 1, d iagno;i iclaparoscopyof, 1130 Acuie licartlailu rc, man"gcm cnt of,
1070/ d iffere11 1ia l d iag11osisof,1130, 556-55 7
Abdominal pain , 1120 vascularsupplyo( 1068- 1069 , 1130b Acute hydrocephalus, 192 7
c&u scs of, in imm unocompromiscd 1070/ -- emergoncyopem tton s. prcpar:H 1o n Acute ilcitis,Crohn'sdiseasea nd ,
pa tirn1 ,1134b Al>dominal -based A:ip>, for breast for, l \3 0- 1131 llli
chronicap[><'ndici1isascau,.,of, rcconst m ction , 1!ZQ_,j!Z.!_ historyof,1121 - 1124, Acute iliofcmor:ilvcnousthromfm,is,
1305 Abdom jtwpla;iy, 1960 - 196 1, 197 1 1123fll24f inpregna11cy. .2l.!M::Zill.i5
digitalrectale>;am ination for, Ab!a1iu" imagingstu<l iesof, 1 126- 1129, Acuie inflanunation , 2.S..:J.5.
11 25 forhigh-grad e dysp lasia , 1127fl129/ - - carlyman ifesta tionsof,.21.
gyn<"<'.ologk health and , 1124 lQlil!!l1 immunocom p romisedpatients Acutckidn ey injury (AKl) . ]1J_
intrnsi tyand .<cvc ri1 yof:--- fccll , Ji:lli wi1h , J.!.11. 11331 Acute limb i.\.chcmia , 1777- 1779.
l\21 - l l22 1\f>btivc lcsion , 1924 intra-abdomi nal prc.,urc 1779/
obstctticrompl ica1ionsresuhing Abla1 ive 1herap ies ,i mage-guide<l , mon iwringof, 11 2 9, 11291 Acute lung injury, 293-294 , 293b
in , 204'1-2050 laboratory;iudiesof, 1 126, dcscripiionof,5~
in prcgnancy, I J}l - 11.12 . ~ 1771, 1126b - Acute tllesen teric lymphadeni tis.
2057 b in mor bi dl)'obese , 1133-1134 1082- 1083

2107
INDEX
Acutcpancr<ati1is , 90 , 1524- 153L
2lliil - pulmona ryinjuries , 428-429,
assessment of severity, 1527-1528,
1527b-152/lb,15-2'-, -
d in ical manife>t>tiomof, 1526
complica1ionsof, 1529- 1531
pa11cre>1icas.:i1~
pancrcaticopku r.il fistulas,
153L l 53l/
pancrc.ikn<"1'.rosisandirif<"<'.1cd
nccro•i< , 1529-1530,
1529f15.30/
pancreaiicpseudocysts ,
1530-1531. 1530/
p.,ncrcatocutancollS ~mda ,
i2.ll
'1crilcandinfcc<e<l
peripancreat icfluid
collec!ions, J.212
vascubr, _!21!
diagnosisof. 1526-1527
imaging<1udic<, 1526-1527
inddrnccof, J.15.
pa!hophysiologyof,1524 -1525,
1525/
ri,kfuctorsfor, 1525-1526
akohol-induccd injury.
-1.5.2.i:.l.5.2
amtornkobstruction ,1526
biliarylgallstonepancreatitis,
Jill
drug- induce<!pancrcat itis,
1526
cndoscopicrc1rugradc
d10langiopancrca1ograpl1y-
induced pancreatitis , l526
metabolic factors, l526
misccllancot»condi1ion>, 1526
treat ment o( I ~28-1 ~29
<J>ffial c.:rnsi<lermions,
Vi28 - Vi29
Acute rejection , 620-622.620/
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS)
mu lt iorgan fa ;lurc;n , 560
surgicalcri1icalcareand, 559 -561
Acutcsplenic sequestrai io1» 1562
Acute stress response, 106. 106/
Acu te trauma - pcrioperat i•·e mortal ity in,
ahdmncn,injuric<to , 432-444
brai n i n j uric>. 417-42~
chest injuries , TI4=ill
damagecomrol principles, All
e>: t remiri es, injuries to , 444-446,
445/
injury «:oring, -1.!Q:fil
4 \ 0t-4111
managememof. 407-448
abdom in algreatvessdinjuries,
443-444, 444/
urdi.>c injuries, 429-4 .~0
~'.:~::, 7,~j ~::~.~r~~2.:!~'. :~s;;.
1 Adenomatouspolyposiscol i (APC) ,
d iaphragmaticinjuries , 432.
432/ - Adenosisofpregnoncy,1!23_
d 110<knal injt1rie>, 439-440
esophageal injuries, 431 -432
gamicinjuries, 439
gcnitoutinaryinjurics , 444
hepaticinjuries , 4 37-439,
437f438/437r
initialasscS>mrntand , i.!1.:±!L
4 14/
pa11creaiicinjurics , 440 -441,
440/44 2/
plellra l spaccinjurics, .12.li, 428/
2108
Acutetrnucna (Continued)
429/
>mall howcl injuric>. 441-442
'pccillcinjurics , 417-~
splenicinj uries . ~, 435/
4361 --
thorocicaorticinjuries,
430-43 1. 430/
trachcohronchbl injuries , 431
maxil lofacial rcgion , 421-423
neek injurie" 423-4: r . r - -
overview and him>ry of, 408-409 ,
40% --
pclvicinjllrics,441 -446 . 445/
prehospitalcarc , 4 11-413,
412f413/ - -
rehabilitat ionof,446
spinalcordinjuries, 420-421 , 420/
•ystcmso( 409-410 , 409/4 10b
vcrtcbr>l colu mn injuric"
420-421 .420/
Acute tuhul.r nc..:rosi; (ATN). 5(,4
AcU!euncomplicotcd oppendidtis,
treatment of, 1300 - 1302,
1301} 1302/
Acute vascular rcject ion ,620-621
Adalimumab, 7 191
.
~:~:: :::~~·~!:;~~: ;~;~284
forukemi,·ecolitis, 13H
Ad<li'°ndiseasc , 2Z!
Adcnocarcinoma
ofanalarnal , 14 15
ofcolon , lJ.22
ofexocrincpancreas,154 1- 1552
clinical p r=ntationof, 1544,
15441
controvcrsicsof,1549 - 1550
diagnosisof,1544 - 1545
eiwironrnemal riskfactor>fot,
154 1- 1542
epidem io logyof.1541
hcrcditaryriskf.cwr<for,
I ~4 2-1 ~41 . 1542t
imaging>1u<liesof,I544 - l545
lahora10ryevalua1ionof, 1544
mo rbidity in . 1547- 1549. 15481
l54 7, 1548t
>tagingof, 1545,1545t
treatment of, 1545 - 154 7
oflungs, ! 583
in•mall intestine . 1276-1277
\ 277/
Adenoidcysticcarcinoma , 803/
.fil!Z:1illlL. l5')2 , 16(H)
Aden om a
brea>t , -83!i
in s mall intestine , 1270- 1271 ,
\ 2701.1271b
H59-H60
Adcnosinetri 1>hosphate (ATP) , -9l!.
Adcnosquamouscarcinoma, 804/
Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) ,
iilll
Adif>0SC·dcri,•c<lstemcdls (ASCs) ,
10.,ill
Adipose-derived mo ma I cells , i l l
Adjuvant t herapy
forg:>striccanccr, 1225- 12 26
forgaS!roirueS1inalstron.al
tumor;, 1230, 1230/
melanoma treated with . Z1Jlm
Adrcnalcortex,diseascsof, 972-980 Affordable Cote Aci (ACA) , 1165
adrenocortiolcarcinoma
979-980, 9 80/
Cushing•yndromc, 976-979
primaryhypcraldostcroni>m ,
.'.!12=-22S_
sexS!eroidexccss , 979
Adrenalcrisis . 971-972
Adrenal disorder. in pregn ancy.
2062-2063
Adrc;~~%~/ 84-85. 963-995,
ana tomy and embryology of.
963-964, 964/965/
biochemistry and physiology of,
~
catecholaminchiosynthcsi;and
physiology, 968-970, 97 0/
generalanddevelopmemal asp<cts
of. 2fil, 965/
histopathologyof. 964, 968/
historyof,..:&3_ -
mct a>tascsi n , 986-987 allllse , 2ll1
clinica l evaluation and surgical asriskfactorforsquamouscell
managemcm , 987 , 988/ carcino n» .102 7- 1028
cpidc miologya nd J;;;ical withdrawal, in critical c>rc
fc.>tu resof. -9l!.ll
va.scohtureof, ~
Adrenal insufficiency, 303-304, 569 •
.2Zl:2Z2 ---
causes of. J_QJ_
incriticallyill , ..2ll
d iagnosiso( 972, 972/
periopera1iveSltro id
administrotionfor, W
presentation and d iagnosis of,
Ji!.B!M. 304b
trcatm cntof, 304,3041, fil
<ypcsof, 971-97!
Adrenal meJ;;1!0,206 8
disca.s.csof, 980-9 85
phcochromocytoma , 980-985
Adrenalsexsteroids, -2@
Adrcnalsicroid hiosynthcsis,
965-%6, 969/
Adre~ l 72 8f 1 729/
Ad..,nalectomy, 1echnical aspeetsof,
m.:22.1
complicotionsandpostopcrat i•·e
carc, 22.!_
laparo!<copic b1cr•l
1ransabdominal
adr~nalectomy,988- 990
open anteriortr:rnsabdominal
odren.>lectomy. 99 1-993,
991/ --
opcr>th·c>pproach,choiccof,
987-988
po>ter1orre1roper1toneoscop1c
adrcnalcctomy, 990-991,
990}99 1/ --
a ,-adr<:n crgicagon ist , 387
Adrcnocortic& l carcino~ 9 79- 980,
980/
Adrenoconicotropin adenoma, 1915
1\dsontcst, 1604
Adult resp iratorydistrc»syndromc ,
1599
Adult stern cells , 166.167, 166/
miscellaneous, ~
muh ipotem , i l l
Advance<!Trauma Life Support , 50 ,
1Z!l -
Advanccmcru flaps, 1940
Ad,·~ruitial cyS!ic di sease, 1782
Afferent loop syndrome, 1213

2034
Amcric•nAssoci•tion for1heSurgery
of "!faum• (AAST) . 408 -409
Amuican College of Surgeons . IQ
Code of Professional Con d uct, 2Q
found ingnf. ..2!:!
Natio nal TraumaDaiabank ,
789-790
mdanomascagingby, 731 -732.
7311-7321. 733/- -
.scvcnth edi tion stagi ng,ystc m of,
1586. 1587t- 1588t,1 588b.
1589/
staging for GIST, 7681
T NM scagingsysccm , for
co!o rectalc•ncer,
1J74t- l375t
Amui can So.:;ietyforMcubolicand
Bari atricS urgcry (ASMBS),
""'
Amcrion Society of
Aneschesiologists(ASA),
phy•ical >1 attiscbssifica tion ,
338
American 'lhyroid Association (AJA)
nodulesonograph icpanerns
andriskofmalignancy, 896/
Amino acids, 1021
p<K>Lrcgulationof, ~
Aminoglyco>idco. 261
Aminosa!icyla1es -
forCrolrn's<li>ca<e , l261
for ukcrativecol it is, 1343
AmphomicinB . 2701
Arnpull.ofVatcr, 1482
Amput>tion , ?S I , 1996
roleof, 18 ~
Amrinone, 556-557
Amvand,Cla ud ius, 1296- 1297
Ana l canal
anatomyof, 1394, 1395/
di.<o rdcr<of, 1394- 1395
historyof, 1395
lcngthof. 1394
ma lign ant neoplasms of.
14 \ 4- 1415
physi<'."dlexaminationof, 1395
physio!ogyof,1394 - 376-377
sphincterapparatusof,1394
Anal cncirdcmem,for reetal
probpse, 1387
Anal fissures, 140 2- 1406
cvalua1io11of, 1402-1403, 1404/
padiogcncsisof, 1403-1404
presentationof. 1402-1 403 ,
1404[
treatment of, 1404-140( 1405/
medical management of. J..'.!Qi
surgical ma11agemcruof,
1405 -1406, 1405/
Anal in traepithdial neopla sia , 1413
Anal margin (petianal) !un\ors,
!4 12- 1414
Analpain,ocrnrrmceof, 1395
An algesia - scrccn ing and survd lla nce
intra>·cnou.patient-controllcd ,
..lS&.18..2
umhodsof.385-389, 386/
neur>xial, 2§.!!
nonsteroidal ami-inAammamry
drngs , 386-387
opioids , 38s:Jil6
postopNai ive,sdeet ionof
methodsof. l§.2_
Analgesic thcrapy. J.B..8.
Anaphylaxis, 231
Anal'la>t ic ast;:;;Cytoma, 1911 , 19 11/
An apla>tic 1hyroidc& rcino m>, 910
Anastomoticleak, ll.l:.il§ -
causesof, 3 13-3 14 , 3131
prescntationanddiagnosiso(
lli.:..ill_
trcatmcntof, 315-316
Anaswrn mk pscudoancurysm , 1743
Ancillarytests, 2037-2038 - complec;on,1787
cervicovaginalcu hures , Gram
staining. and vagin al wet
mo unt . 20J8
irnagin g, 2037-2038
lower genita l cytology. 2038
pregnancytests , 2038 -
An~;~:n h:~:~~:1::,:~:~· l~~-;
8 Amibody-do pendemcell-med iatcd
oxygenat io nmon itori ng,J67
temperarnremon imring, 367,
367 b
vent ilat ionmonitoring, 367
ph arm>cologicprinci plcs, 360-365
regional. Ju Regiona l ancsthe>ia
ri skof,J77
safctyconcerns,inpregnancy.
2056-2057
spinal. 380-381,3801
Anesthesiologrprinciples, 360-J92
Anc<!hctic tcchn iquc>,selenionof,
Ancurysmal bonecyst, 20!3
Aneurysmald isease. 1722-1738,
1723r
d iagnosis of. 1723- 1724.
1723/ !724/
endova>cuh rrcpa irof, 1733-1 735.
1734r
me-dical 1herapyfor. 172<l- 1725
prcopcr:uivccvahiat ionof,
1725-1727, 1726/1727/
preopcra ti ve1na11agen1Cm of,
1731 - 1733
riskofruptureof, _!_lll_, 1723r
Ancurym1al disc.SC (C,m1h1ued)
ruprn re<lan eurysm,managemc nt
of, 173 1
recommendat ions for, 1724
>1..rgical treaunemof, !725-1 733
1echniqueofopensurgicalrepair
ofabdom inalaonic
aornc aneurysm
coron>ry >rter iovenousfistnlaand ,
1653
Angio<ly>pla>ias , 1153, 1157
Angiohhrnma , 80J-804, 804[
Angiogenesis - -
inducing, 685
inwound ~li ng, 136- IJ7
Angiographiccatheterjzation, for
ma«ivc hcmo p<y>is, 1598
Angiography
forgastroiruest in alhemorrhage,
illl
Angiosa rco ma , 766. 842
curnneous,75 0 -
Angle of Hi s, 1188
Angulai ion,offracture. 464·465
An idulafungin,270t - -
An imal bites, 535-5J6, 2002
riskfactorsfo rinfoction in , 5J6b
Auk!e. 476-477 . 477/
Ankle-brachia! inde<, C"~lcula1io11 of,
17591
Ankylosingspo nd)'litis, 134 1
Annelid worm,, ill
Annubrpancrca,, 1522
Annulus inguinalissubcurnneous,
1067/
Anogen ital wart, 1412
Anoma!ouslef1 roronaryarteryr ising
from the pulmonary artery
(ALCA PA) , 1652- 1653, \ 65Jf
Anoma!oussy<!emicvenous
drainage, 1633-1634
Anorectalangl ~
Anorectaldiseasc. 1154.1154/
Anorccial mal format ion , 18 77- 1879,
1877 b, 1878/
Anoreetalphysiolob')' laboracory
lCS!ing ,1381 - 1382
Anorectal511p pur><io n, 1406- 1407,
1406/ --
al>.>ecsses, various t~· pcs nf, cl inical
prcscn1a1 io ns of, l406
tre>1memof, 1406- 1407. 1407/
Anoreetllm,Crohn'sdiseaseof,
14 11- 1412, 1411/ 1412r
Anosco py, ofan11s . __!l22
Antacids, for peptic ulce r di<e~'-" .
1200
Anterior abdom inal wall hern ias,
1072
Anterior co mponen t separation ,
11 \ 2, 1113/
Amcrior intercosrnl branches, 1672/
Anterior mesh repai rs, for rectal
prolapse, 1383
Anterior papillary muscle , 1694/
Anterior procto,igmoidccto my, witb
colo recta lanast omosis ,
1379- 1380
1925,
INDEX
Anterior1ibi . l ,•eins, 1829/
Anthropometry, J.2Z:.!Q!!_
Antibiotic activity spectra , 258·262
Antihiotics ,25 1-256 --
choiceof. 255 -256,255b-256b
incoloreei alsurgery.1326
forCrolrn's d ikase , 1261
cytotox ic . lli
dllrat ionof,25 5-256
cmp irkal therapy. 255, 255b
IJ-lac<am . >ulJ-lacta m an tihiot ie>
pharmacodynamicprinciplesof,
'"
pharmacokineticsof. 25 1
principlesof,253 -255
prophylaxis ,224-225 . 2251-2291,
251 -253
ofdeansurgery,252
for splen~cwmi zeJ pati oru , 1568
toxicirieso( lli:lfil -
avoiding, 263.26Jb
P-lacrnrn all crgy,_262
ncph rotoxkity, 262-263
oto!Oxicity, lli- -
rcd man syndrome , 262
ux:of,>tirgical infcctio-;;;-;_ nd ,
241 -280
Antibio1ic-specificcon>idera1 io11s ,
256-262
Antibody, 708
cytotoxici ty(ADCC) , 701!
Ant ibo<l y-dcpcndcnt cel lular
cywwxici1y, 60I
Antibody-rnedia1<.xl rejceiion (AMR) ,
620·621
Amicoagulationmanagement, in
no ncard iac>urgcryp.:nicn1>,
2 19-220,2211
Amicoagula tio n r<versal , 568
Aruicywkinetherapy.forCrohn\
d iscase ,1261 - 1262
Antidiuretic hormonc , _8_5_
Antifung:il agents , 2701
Antigcn . 6 0 1
Aruigen - pr~"'ming cells (Al'Cs),
600. 707-708
Antil)' mphocyteglobu lin , 625-626
Antiox idanttherapy,forcriticallyill
pat icnts ,-122
Antipb1det managemen t , in
noncardiacsurg~l)· pa1i cms,
2 19. 220/
Antiprolifcra tiveagents . 624
Antipyrine, inevaluatingl iver
function , 1436
AntireAuxrnrgcry
dinicalow comesof. 1054- 1055,
10551
failed , 1057. 1057/
gastroesophage.>l reAux d isease
and , 1046
op<:rAtivccom p!icado ns of,
1055-1056, 10561
side effects of. 1055 - 10'~6
Antithymocytcglobulin , 6231
Antithyroiddrn gs, 89 1
Aruivonom
for rnarine><ings ,-212_
forsnakebitcs, 5J4·535
Amrectomy. trnnca l vagornmy and ,
1206- 1207, 1207f 1201lf
AnLllus, 1694[
Anus , 1394- 14! 7
diagnostic evaluation of,
1394- 1395
2109
INDEX
Aori~ .1721 -1753
Aorca ahdom inalis , 1086/
Aoniccannula , 1675/
Aortic coarctation , J (>'i~- 1644 .
l (Yl'if
Aortic <li ><ection.1 7 46- 1750.
1746fl 749/
Ao rtic graft infection, surgical
treatment of, 1744-1745
Aort icinsufl'idcncy, 1708-1709
dbgnm isof, 1708~
d iagnostictesting for, 1709
medical managcmenc ;:;r.1709
naturalhistoryof. 1709 -
physicalcxamination for.
-1Z!.IB:.l.1ill
su rgical trca! mcntof, 17051-
l 706r, !709
sym p tomsandsignsof, 1708
trc.nm ent of. J1Q2
Ao rticmi tralcu rtain , 1694/
Aoriics inu scs , 1694/
Aorticstcnosis, 17 051- 17061 ,
1706-1 708
d iagnosisof, 1707
diagno,,ictcst;;;gfor, 1707
medical m anagement of.
-1Zl.1Z:lZll..8
naturalhistoryof, 1707, 1708[
physicalcxaminati OlllOr, 1707
surgical t reatmencof, ! 70~
1705r-1706t. 1708
'ym p tomsandsi gnso( 1707
trea11 ne1u of, l707- 170:r--
Aor1ic,•alvc, 1694/
Aonoc ntericfistula. 1 \ 47-1148
1148/
Aorwfcmoral bypa.,grafting ,
1740- 174 1, 1740/
Aorwil iacdisca>e, 1772- 177 4, 1774/
Aorwil iaccndanerecw1ny, 174L
17'13/
Aonoiliac !esions,Trans.Atlamic
ln1cr-SocictyCon.<m<us
(TASC) da.ssihcatio n of, 1772/.
! 7 721
Aorwil iac ocdu<ive disc~<e .
1738- 174 5
aorricgraftinfoci io n. surgical
trc>tmcntof, 1744-1745
open aortk<urgcry,co m plicad o n•
of.1 74 1- 1744, l 7 44fl 7 45/
opcnrcconstrunion ,i<..:hniqueof.
1740- 174 1
prescntotionandcn luarionof.
--1Z.12:l_llil
Aortop ulm onaryscptal <lcfcct , Ui26,
1626f l 627/
Aortopu lmonarywindow, 1626,
1626fl627/
A!'C gene, 690-692, 1360
Api<ab an , 221
Ap lasiacuti<co ngcnita , 1945- 1946
Aponeurosi•
external oblique muscle and ,
lfil1
internal oblique m uscle an d ,
im
trari<vcrsusah<lominis m uscle and,
rranS\·ersal isfusci aan d ,
1094-1095
Apo ptotic p atbway>, 684J
Ap p<:ndectomy
incid emal,1305 - 1306
laparoscopic, !300, 1302/
App<:ndiccal artcry. 1296
2110
Append iciti s, 1131 - 1132,
1296- JJOO
acutcuncomplicote<l.1300-1302,
130lf 1302/
hactcdologyof,1297 , 129 7t
inch ildrcn , 1297
magneucresonancennagmg,
!299- 1300
ultrasound, 1299, 1300/
in im munocomprom iscd p.>t ien t ,
1308
infcc!ion a«ociatc<lwitli , 1297
laboratory<tudicsof, 1299
pathophysiologyof,1 297
perforate<l , 1302
b acteriacomrnonlv isolatcdin ,
!2971
-
treatment of, 1302
inpregnancy, !306-1307,
l306fl 3 07f. 2048 , 2049f.
p rcscntat ionof. 1297- 1299
liiswry, 1297-1298, 1298/
physicalc<am ina1 io11 ,
129 8- 1299
prevalcnce of, 1296
>huntsand , 193 1
inspccialp<>pulatio ns.
1306- 1308
lrcaunent of, 1300- 1306
uncomplicated , nonoperative
treatment of, 1305
Appen<licoli tli , 1305
AppenJ;x , 1296- 1311
a nawmyof,1296
c1nhryologyof,l 296
lengthof. 1296
rnucinou<lllmorsof, 1308
nrop l..,;msof, 1308, l308f1309/
norm al-ap pea rin g, 1303- 1305
retrieval of,1300
'Apple-core"fillingdcf.,.1 , 1028
Aq11aricanimals. nonvenomous,
injurjesfrorn , 543
Arc of Riolan , 131 0,1320/
Argon beam coagula tor, 236
Arm,superficia l venousuansposit ion
of. ~
Arnold's nerve , l22
Aromataseinliibitors , breast cance r
1rcate<..lwi1h , 858
Arrcst<-<l hydrocephalus, 1927
Arrhythmias, 552-553
Artoria magna synd rome, 17 8 1
Arterial blood su p ply, ofpancrea>,
l21Q
Ancrialcathetet, for l1 cmodynarnic
mo n itori ng ,554
Artcrialduplexulrrasonography,
1760 , 176lfl 7 62/
Arterial rccon>truction, p ro,,hct ic
gr.1ftfor,252,252t
Arterial switch opera tion (ASO).
1637 -1638
Arterial thrombosis, 656, 1809
Aneries,congcn iial ron<li1iom
alfcc1i ng, l78l - 1782
advent it ialcpticdisease, 1782
per<htcntsci atica n cry,
1781 - 1782
Anh rid>.
Arihroplasiy. 778 -78 1
Arthropod biiesa nd>ti ng<, 538-542
1\rt ihcial bu rr. 450t --
A=ndingaorra , 169ij
A;ccndingaon a <l i><ectionrcpair,
1748fl 749/
A<eendingcolon, leng1hof,
1312- 13 13
Ascites , 1076-1078. 1076b
AshkenaziJew>, U61
A<parta!carninotransfcra<e(AST),
1435
Aspergillosi;, 1596 , 1597/
Aspiration , 34 1
Aspir.nion pncnmon ia, 292-293
Aspir.ition pnc11mon itis, 292-293
A.si>tc<lptitnarypatcncy~
A<trocyiictumors, 19!1 -
Atelcctasis, 291-292 . 5 57
diagnosi;of, 292
trcatmcnt o f,292
Athere<:tomy,1 777
Aihcrosderosi<, 17 55 - 17 56
d iahe1es md lit mas ri<k facwrfot,
ill
Atherosderoticcoronary artery
di;ccasc , 1660-1661. \ (>6 1/
1\trial fi hri llation , 553
Airial <eptal defr..:1 (AS D),
1626- 1627, l627f1628/
Atriocava] shunt , 139
Atr io,·cntricularcanal d efoc1,
1629- 1630, 1629f1630/
Atriovcn trirnbr >Cptal dcfe<:t ,
1629- 1630, 1629fl630/
adLih patiemswi th , 1630
Atrophic b lanche , 1832:1832/
Atypical ductal hyperplasia , 824, 832
Auerbach mycntcric plexus, TI90
Augmcn<at ion mammap l>Sty, 1956
Auscultation , 1125
Auwgenous , 1797
Autogenous ~ s,sccondMy
intcn·entionin . 1802- 180J
Auwimmuncpanacatitis , 1532
Autopliagy,.l'l,. 684
AV valves - Bariumenema,forischemiccolitis ,
B
Balloonangioplasty, 1776
lhnnayan-Zonona •)•ndro me, 1.168t
Bariatric rnuhidi scip linaryi can> ,
l lGGb
BariarricOwcomesLongirndinal
Database(llOLD). 1183
Ba ri atric surgery, 1160
bodycon1011ringafrcr, 1970- l971 ,
197 0/
coml'l ica!io ns of, 11 79-1182
contro•·ersiesin. 1183
mechanism o f action of,
1164- 1 16 5
operat i\'c proccdurc> of.
! l68- 1 174 , 1168b
biliopancreai ic d i,•ers io n,11 7 1,
1!75/
duodenalswitch , 11 72 -1173 ,
1 17 5/
investigot ional, 1183- 1184
!aparoscopicadju>1ablcgastric
band iu g,1 168- 1169,
1 169fll71/
!aparoocopicslcc,·egastre<:tomy,
1 173- 11 74. 117 5/
Roux-c n-Yga>trichrp»s.
1 169- ll 71, 117 l b,
1 172f11 7 5/
vertica l ban dcdgastropla<ty,
1 168
pa ticnt <elccdon for, 1165- 1168
cligihili ty,1165 - 1166,l \ 65b
postoperativecareandfollow-up
of,11 7 4- 11 77
prcoperoti veevaluat ionof.
1165- 1\ 68
prcpar.ttio n and ,1 166-1 16 7,
1 1(>6b- 1167 b
spccificcomorbidcond i1ions,
1 167 - 1168
reopcra tives nrgcryof,1182- 1183
resuhs of. 1177- ll79.ll77r
<pc<:iolc<j uiprn ctufot,1!68
cli nic,1168
operati ngroom , 1168
\3 57
Bariumcsophogram, \ 028, 1028/
Barreuesophagus, 1050
Bardiolinglan dq-~abscc«,
treatment of, 1Q1L 204 1/
Basal cell carcinoma, 14 14 , l 4 11f.
Ba>al-likchrca>tcanccr, 840-841
Ba,cdcfici1 , 52-B
Basemem membrane wne, l l i
Basi !icvcin ,1 7 98
B..,iliximab,623r,719r
Basslersign .1 1261

Bd-2, 683-684
&cklin-1. §M
Bcdsidesmgicalproxcdurc•, S77-585
~::::;:::~::;;;· vt.¥i to mcc::-
578/
ind ica1ionsfor.1Z2.::2§1
laparotomy, -5l!l
pat icntse!enionfor. 579-581
percutaneous dil.t>ti;;-;;;;r--
1rachcos10my, jlil
percut~nwustndoscopic
ga.m mtomy. 582-583
prot0<ol for, 579b- -
r:llionalefor. 577-578. 578(
safetypraetices fo r, 578-579,
S79b,58(if - -
tracheo>tomy. S8 1-582
lk.,,sting, 541 - -
Bch~<"di~. 178 1
Beb<>cept. 62Jt. 627-628
BEUE l'instrurne111 , 1.£
Bdimumab, 7191
l3dow-knceamptuation , l77l.
177\f
Belt lipc<;tomy. 197 1
Benign an aldisonkrs
eomnion , 1400 -1 409
analfi;sure>,1 402-1406
anorectalsuppurat ion ,
l.1flli.:.ilQZ
h"uh in ann , 1407 -1408,
l 407b. 1407/
l1ernorrho ids ,1 4 00 - l4 02
piloni<laldiscasc, 1408-1409
less common , 1409-1~12
ac<juiredimmunodeficicncy
•yndmmc , 1410
Cmhn',di.sc•:;c ;;f;;orcctum ,
141 1- 1412
Benign b;! iarydi<ease (Continued)
postcholecystectomysyndromcs,
1501 - 1508
acutcchobn giti., 1507
bile duct injury, 150 1- 1505,
1502[
biliaryleak , 150 5- 1506, 1506[
gall stoncileus. 1506-1507
lostsrnnes ,1505
p<Htcholccystc<:tomypain, 150 5
rccurrcntpyogcniccholangitis ,
1507- 1508
retainedbil iarystones , 1505,
1506[
sphincterof O dd i d)'Sfionction ,
1497
lknign h;l iarym><<cs , 1512
Benignextemal hrdrocephalus ,
!930
Benign hcm>tologiccondi tions,of
spleen , 1559- 1562
hcmogloh inopat hics ,1561-1562
hcmolyticancrni>.CAusc<l h y
er)"throcycoenzyme
deliciency, 1561
hcrcd ita ry,phcrocyto,is , 1561
immunethrombocytope nic
purpura, 1559-1561 , 1560b
llcnignmucosal 1u111orS, 1032
Benign pleural effusions. ~
Benignpro>tat ichyperplasia ,699 ,
2077-2078, 2078f2080f
BenignsubmucoS>ltumors, 1032
Benignirachroewpl1agcalfiswra:-
1026 -1027
Benigntumors,ofesophagus, 1032
Benzodiazepines,<edationu<e -;r,-
.5..tl=5.5..!1
lktahlockcr thcr:i py
benefitsof. 5521
C".>rd iacriskfactorind icatorsfor,
552b
Beta-adronergicre.oeptors,556
lkthc«lacritc ria,fo r rcporling
thyroidcyto pot hology, 898t
Be\'acizumab, ~ 7 1 9 1, 12.l
Bia nchi proced u re, forshott bowel
syndrome , 1874-1875 , 1874[
Bicarbonate. 1195
Bicuspid ,-akcdi<easc, 1698
Rijidob,ute,ium , 1320 -"1""32\
Bilateralhernias,1 10 4- 1105
Bilaicralimernalmammaryanery,
1672-1673. 1672/
Bilateralneckcxploration . 93 1-932,
932b --
l\ilaycr<ubsti1utcs,forwound
healing, !56
Bile due< - nonopera<i\•o, 1Q2!_, 20 92f
bloodsupplyo( 1428/
common . sr~ Co m mon bil e d "ct
cymof, 1469
llilcduncanar, 1~14-1~18
cl inical presentat ionof, 1515-
1516, 15 16/
diagnosisandas:;cssmentof
rcscctability, 1516-15 \ 7,
1516/
:~~;:~:: 1:;n;;~~1Cll1 of, _!1!Z
palliation of, J1!Z
riskfacto<5of, 1514-1515
stagini;anddassifica tiono( 1515,
1515r- 15 161
trcat mc1uof, l2!Z::_!_2_li!
mcdical, -1il2:lilll_
Bil~d ue! inj u ries , 3 19 -320,
1501-1505, l50lf
causesof, -1!2_
diagn<»i<and management o(
l 503- 1504,1503b. 150'if
outcomes of, 1504 - 1505
pr<csc1ua1io11anddiaguosisof,
=
presentationo( \ 50 2
radiologicandcndo.<eopic
techniques in , 1504, \ 505/
1re~1memof, .J1Q., 1502- 1504
idemifiedaf1ercholccysicctomy,
1503-1504
recognizedatthetimeof
chole<:ystcctorny,
1502-1503
Bile formation , liver and , 1432,
14 321
Bilcvd posit ive airway pressu re
{Bil'AI'}. 558
lli lhcmi>. 1473-1474
llil iaryatrcsia, 639
Bil iarrcrsu .15TO-l5 l 1,
l5 10f15llf
Biliaryd i:;casc,345-J47,346/
calculous, 149 1-1492,
149 1fl492/
<urgcry for. 1498-1501
malignant , 1512-1518
Biliarrdrskinesia, 1496- 1497.
1882-188.J
Biliary leak, 1505- 1506, 1506/
Bi!iaryobstruc1ion, pall ia1i\•e1herapy
for, 1552
Bi!iarymictures, 1509-1510,15 10/,
1536, 1536/
llil iary>ystcm , 1425-1428,
1482-1519
anatomy of, 1482- 1486. 1483/
vascular, 1482- 1484
1484f l 485/
mai;nctic rcSQnancc imagrni;,
1489
INDEX
Biliary1r<ct d i<ease (Continued)
symptoms of, 1486- 1487
fever. Ji[Z
jaund icc , 1487
pain , 1486-1487
Biliopancrcaticdiversion ,ll71,
1175/
complicat ionsof, 1182
resultsof,11771,1 178-1 179
l\ilirubin ,1 433
mcta ho lim1o( in livcr,
1432- 1433
Billro tli,lhcodor, 8-9, 9[
Bio.wailab ility, 25 1
Biochemicalstud ies . forcoronar)'
a rtcrydisc"-'C, 1662
l\iochcmotbcr>py. 710-711
Bioengineercdskinsubstitutes, 154
furnreof, JSZ -
Biologic mesh ,453-454 , 45-if
Biologics.forul.oerativecol it is,1 344
Biornatcrials
biom imctic , 168, 168/
a ll ddi,·ery u,;;(,f, 168- 169
dircc1edd ifferemia1ionuseof.
l&ill
Biomimcticmaterials, 168, 168/
Biopsy -
bone tumor<, 774-777 . 776f777j
breast d isease .~
coreneed le,I!f!::JJL lli
cutanrn"' melanoma , 7 27-7 28
cxcisional , lli
fine-uttdl c aspiration, 776-777
ofbrca>t , 826-82 7 - -
sentinel lymph node , 736-73 8 .
736/
111 -RADS , .!!12.,_ 83 11
l\i,phospbonatcs , LM
Bi1es, 532 -546. 1ua&0Stings
animal, lli.::21§:
arthropod , 538-542
human , 2l!2_-
mammalian . ~
marinc , 542-544
snakcbites.u£Snak<hites
tick, ~
Bivalving t hccast . 479
Blackwidowspide-;:;:538-539, 538/
llladdcr,1070/ --
anawmyof, 2069-2070
cancer,2099 -2100,2099r
musclcinvasi\•e, 2 100
non-muscleinvasi\'e,
20 99-2100
injury,2090-2091
im"gingl<>r,2090-2091,20 9 1/
managementof,opera1iwvows
Bladdcrstor.1i;c, problems with ,
2076,2077/
Blalock,Alfte<l, 15, 15/
lllalock-T3ussig (B'i"}shunt, \ 619,
16.34[ -
Blastlunginjury. 221:
l\lasttrauma, 594-595. 594<
Blotchford scorc , lH1_. 1142b
1202, 12021
lllccd--;,g,s o.52 , 64.65
ofam1s, 1395 -
associatcdwit h gener.lizcdpelvic
pain , 2035
associatcdwit h latcrali,cdpc;l"ic
pain , 2035
a.ssociatcd ~tn idl i ne
su pra p ubicpain , 20.35
2111
INDEX
Blec<ling(Continued)
rolonic,1153-l\55
controlof. .1..:2
fbnk pain , 2035
gcncr.ili,.cdah.!ominalpain
wi1hou1 , 1Qi2
lateralizeJpdvic pain wid oou! ,
= causesof, JQ:§ - -
in Crohn'scolitis , l..121,
inulccnth·ccolith, 1345
mi<llinepdvic pain without , 2035
nonvariceat l l43 -l 148 - Bowen disease, 748, 1413, 2012
o bstipation , 2035
related to portal hypertension ,
1!48-1 151 , 1149/
<mall howd,spcdfic cau;c;of, 1157
with.om pain , 2034
Blepharon,1952
Bkp horopla'1y, 1952
Bl ind loopsyndromc. 1290
lllood, lost ford"'' Ill shock , 51/
lllood cuhurc<,255
Blood flow, liver and , l43l
Bloodglucoseconcemration, control
0( 243-244
Blood pressurcnionitoring,367
Blood<uh>tilutc< , 77-78
llloo<l<ul'ply,tothyroid gl. nd, 8S4
Blooduansfosions, B_. 49-50 -
dcscriptionof, 243
Blow-hole proccx!urc, 1345
lllumbcrg,ign , 11261
Blu1ner\sl1df, 1313- 131 4
lllun! ahdorn inal trauma, evaluat ion
of, 432-434, 433/
lllumcercbrovascularinjurics
(RCVls). 423, 1817 , 18171
Blun! injury, in intraihorackgrca!
\'esse!s, JJ!.!.§_
Blu111 1horacicaot1icinjury,1738
BMS-936559 , 7191
llochdalckhcrnia, l2Z2.:li8.J)
Bod~· contouring , 1970- 1971
aftcrbuiatric •urgcry, 1970- 197 \ ,
1970/
suction-a<>imxf lip"<:!Om y, 197 1
Bodymassindcx(BMl). 107-1 08
assessment o( _llL 126 -, -
in1crprc<a!ionof,l08b
ll<x!~· w>tcr, 81-82
Bodyweigh;:-107
Bornl>esin,1 192
Homb;nabombina. 1192
Bollen1acroenvironmcnt . IB::Ilf>_
lloncmicrocnvironmcn! , 77 3-774 ,
775/
Bonernrnors,1Zl:.Z!!L 20!3
ancurysmalbonecyst , 2013
bcn ign , 781-784
biopsyof, 774-777 , 776f777f
incheS! wall , 1601- 1Gu2, 1602/
cndwnd rorna, 78 1, 2013 , 2014/
evaluatioll of, Tfll/ -
giam cell rnmor, 782-784 , 783/
:~::~!~:c,::~,i ~f, 1ZB.
oS! cod10n J rorna, 78 1, 782/
0<1 coiJo>tcorna, 78f:"782 , 783/.
2013, 2013 ~
overviewof, ZZJ
prim>rybonc>arcoma• , 2013
,.;condary (mctastat id , 201)
skelernl reconstruction ;;r:--
778-78 1, 779/
stagingof. 777-778
2112
Bony t liorax , 1573
liordcrlinephyllodesrnmors . .B..12
Hom.fittb,.rgdorfir;, 540-541
llorrmannclassihcation •r><cm ,
12 16, 1216/
Bouwnnihedeformity, 1994/
Bowdobsm1ction, 306-307
afrcrpallcrcas transpbntatio n, 662
prcscn!at ionof, 306-307 - heal map , 841, 841/
srnall ,347-348 - -
Bowdsounds, 1125
Boyd'sperfowor. 1829/
Brachioplasty,1 97\
Bradyardia,dehn ition of,553
Brain,injudcsto, 41 7-420, 4 18/
evaluation of, fjg::::rpy-
managemcntof, 41?-420 ,4 19/
immediate, fil - - lobular:N
Brain •hsce", \ 934- 1935, 1934/
Bra i11<1irnul>1ion,l?24
Bra in Tr>uma Foundation , fil
Branchvaricosities, t reatmentof,
1839-1 840, 1839/
Br.inched-chain amino acid,
(BCAAs) , 10 1
Brand1ial clcf1 ~, 809
Branchial clcf1rcmna~ l 861- 1 862
1862/
Brawny edema, 1832/
8RCAl , fil 832
HRCA2, fil.1 832
11...,...,
abnotmal dewloprncruof,
n1:B.2(i
abscess of, i l l
ahscnccof, 824
accc"ory, 824
anawmyoT.820-821
axillary nodesof, 820
cysts, 835-836 -
devel~f, 822-826
ductal sy>tcmo ~ l/.823/
fatnccrosi s of, 1!1Z
- i nol dcrad ul~
fibrocys1icchanges , ..ll1A
infenionsof, fil
lobularunitsof, 821-822, 823/
microscopicana1~Ji2.l.:.li2.2_
palpalionof, 826
papilloma<o ~
papillomatosiso L 8.lG
physiologyof, 822 -826
radialscarsof,_§JZ
sclcrosingadenosisof. 836-837
tissucof, m --
Brc.s< augmentation , 1956·195 7
Brea>tcancer
ageofpatient , 830-83 1
arcob involvemen t , Bl&
aromataseiohibirors, 858
a<>c><rnentofpo1cn1ialbcnefit ,
855-856
basal-lih, 840-84 1
bilateral mast"<:tomy, 869/
BRCAl , .@J,_ 832
BRCA2, fill. 832
d 1crnopreven1 iu11 for, 834 -835
ch crnud1erapyfor,85~
dassificationof, 837b
con t ralateralbreast , lli.:l!ZZ
d uctal carcinomain•i tu, 837, 838/
hrcost-conscrving rhe .;pyfor,
~ 84 7/
lurnpecwmyfor,8521
mastectomy for. ~
Breastcancet (Conli>wed) Breasi d isease , 343-344,819·864
.<C ntind nodesurgeryfor, B.i.3_ adenorna, ..aJ.Ji
tamoxifenfor,8521 ben ign , 831 , 835-837
:~~;:;,,~~.:~~-;!~
trcatmcntof,1!.2.l.:1!21
cndocrinct hcrapyfor,857-858
epidemiologyof, 837-842 corcnttdlebiopsyof. 827
fami lyhiswryuf,~ diaguosisof, 826-827
genctioof,832
goalsoftherapy,855·856
epidem iologi 3 4 ' J
fibroadenomas . ~
r.hrn<ystk , 824
hcrcdi!ary,]542 finc-nccdlc -;;;pl rationb iop•yof,
high -riskpat ients ,829b,830 -835 fil6=82Z
hiswlogicriskfactorsfor, hamorwmas, lli
831 -832,832< image· localiledsurgical excision
historicalperspective, 849 829
hormoncu>ca11d , 83 3
inflammatory, 860
i 1wasive , ~
dunal, 8.~8 , 839/
839/
lobular cJrcinonu in,itu,8J I ,
833-834, 837, 838/
loc,.llyad,·ancc:J;8GO
magnet ic resonance imaging of.
829b
mammogr.ip h ic,.;rcenini;, ~
828•
neuadju\'antsysie1nic1hcrapyfor,
858-860
nipplcinvolverncnt , .a.2Ji
noninvasivc , 837-838, 838/
O\'atianablation ,858
pathologyof. 837-842
personalhisto;:y;;r.83 1
prophylactic mastectomy for. 835
radiat ionthcrapyfn r, 844 , 85.f-854
raloxifcncf< >r,Jl.11 _ __
reeurrenceof, 865
rcproduct iveriskfacwrsfor,833
risk assessnlCOt,83J. lU5.
risk factorsfor.829b. 830-8J3.
83lb,8321
sentinel lym ph node dissection ,
B..12:..82Q
sexand ,830·831
stagingo( 842-84J, 84Jr-844r
subtypesof, 840-841
surgical1rcaun cruof,843-851
brc.st-cnnserving thcr•py,
844-845 , 845r tran>'·ersercctusabdominis
historicalperspeeti,·eson , myocuianeousHapfor,870b,
843-844 870/.871
transvcrse11ppi;rgracil isHap for,
872,875f876/
Breastsurgery,1955-1958
llreasttumors, 841-842
angiosarcoma, lli
phyllodc,ttimor" 841-842
llrcaS! ·conservini;><iri;ery,846-848 ,
cosrneticchallenges, 84 7-848
technicalaspectsof,846·847
 INDEX

Btta>t-conserving therapy, 844-845 , Burn(s){Ctmtinued) Cancer(Continucd) Cud iaccot11plia>1ions,296-301

84 51. 852·8B. J!li,_ 2060 inflammat ion in , 2Q2 epigenccioof, Ji'.M Cudiacevaluat ion , 207, 208f209/
foctorsinHuencingel igibilityfor. injury, and me1abolicstress esophagcaLufEsophagealcancer Cardiacinjuries,429-430
MJi rcsponsc , lll:.ll:I g:utric.secGa<triccanccr Cardiac output, in pregnancy, 2054
hi"olob'Y· 846 in,ulinfor, 5B-52S gcnct ic•ol, 689-690 Cardiac Ri, k Index (C R!) •yS1cm ,
margios, fil"" mctformin for, ill globalburd~7 552. 552b
pa1 icm age, 846 nuiriiionalsupponfor, 123 ltcadand c"..:k.;e;;:-Heada11dneck Cud iacvalvcs,emb ryologyof, 1693/
tumorsile, _lli inoldcradu h s, 355 - Cardiogcnicshock . 300, 554
Breasi/ovariansyndrome,6911 oxandro!onefor. 522-521 incidenceof, .6J2 causes of, J OO
Brcntu<imahv<..lotin , 7191 pathophysiolog~· of, 505-512 lip ,794 , 795/ management of, 556-557
Bri'1lcworm>. i l l local ~~~?cs , 505-507. 506b, lung.suLungcanccr prcscn tat ionandmanagcrncntof,
Broad -spenrum p rcoptrntive med u lla rychyroid .690 300
amibiotics, ~ system icchanges, 507 -512, oksityand, 678-67? c.rdioplegia infusion , 167 1
Bronchi, congenital abnormalities of, 508/ -- pancrcatic.iul'ancrcaticcancer "Corcliopulmonarr•xis". 1578-1579
1.5..fil_ propranolol, 523 rectol. ucH.ectal canccr Cardiopt1lmonarybypass
Bronchial >trcsi~ . 12fil ren al sy><cm,-;:ir.:. .:tson, 211 S!cmccllsand, 168 C-&nnuhtion for, 1674
Bmnd1ic-cusis , _!222 mlcofn incsfor, -121 supcrhcial , 1033-1036 with hrJK>thcrmichhrillatory
!Jronchogenicqsts, 1580- 1581, scron<l-d egrce, 506-507 , 507/ cescicu lar, 2102-2104 arrest ,1679- 1680
J_f!Q,1§_§2 -- size, 507, 507/SOs'i:Sl l/ neurologic proteccionduring,
Bronchol it hias is , J.22.i 'pccih"Ztreatmento( 515-52 1 1672
Bronchopulmonarydisorders, 1595 i nhabtioninjury. 5~ sep.1 r>tionfrom . 1676
Bronchopulrnonary111alforma ~ 5161 -- Card iopulrnonarycxercisc1c>1 i11 g
186~-1866 wound c-~rc , 5 16-519. 517t (Cl'ET) , 1578- 1579
broochogeniccyst, 1865 t hird-dcgree, 507, 507/ c.rdiopulmonaryresusciiation , in
congenital lobar emphysema, Burnun it.orga;;-;::;-;ionand
1866 peT50nncL 506b
congenital pulmonary airway l\ urn wound
1nalfonna1 ion, 1865, 1866/ co,•etagcof, 518 -519, 5 18/
pulrnonary<niuc><r~ cxds io n of, f i l f i l
!86~-1866 Bum fracture , .12J_
!Jronchoscopicspecimentcchniques, Buschke-LOwensceincumor.1u
249 Vcrrucmi>carcinoma
Bronchoscopy B11tterflyfragment, .1frl... 466/
bc<lside, ~ID Bu11crfly hemaroma, 2092/
<l iagno>tic , 583 Bu11resspla1es, A.6.li
Brown reduse-:pTders, 539-510, 539/ Butyracc. \J23
l3uccalmucosacancer, ~
Buckle fracture, 462-463
Budcwn idc, forCroh n\di;cca;cc ,
c
CA ll.2, 699-700 , 2046
1261 Caffeine, in evaluat ing li\•er function ,
Buerger disease, 1780 1436
Bullousemphyscma, 15? 8 , 15? 8/ Cakincurin inh ibitors . 624-625
Bundle of His, 16?1/ cydosporine ,624
Bun ncll'snoman'shnd , 1987-1988 immunompprcssion uscof, ii12_
Bu ricdghnd>, 1034 ncphro10xicityaSS<>eiatcdwith ,
Burn(s) , 505 -5::rr- fil.:fil!l
aminoicrobialsfor, ~ C akiphylaxis . 928-929, 929/
basic treatment of. fil:2!2 Cakiton in . !l]L 1007
cscharotomics, _5.lj_ inthyroidhoncriontests, 889
initial as<c<<mcnt in , l!l Calciwn i n-producingCccll~81
prchospital managcmcnt , jj.1. Calcium , 8?-92 - ductal carcin omain situ.su
resuscitat ionin . 2.!l..:.2..!2, 514t homrosusisof, ?24, 926/ Ductalcarcinoma insicu
transportin , 513 h )'pocak<mia, 9o::<.Ji hepatocellular. rcel-!epatocdlula r
wonndcJre iO.- .i!]_ regubt ionof. ~25 t
co loricrcqu ircmcmsof. 123, 123 1 Calcium stones , 2o8J
~"ardiovascular syste m, dlcei< on , Calculousbili;u ydi<ca<c , 1491-1492.
-2Q2:.ill_ l49 lf l 492/ lobul>rcardnornain situ , 831
chemical, 525 -528 surgeryfor, 14?8- 1501 medulla rychyroid . suMe<lullary
classification of, _lli, 506b Caloric rrquiremc nts, fil~ 1hyroidcarcinoma
d epth of. 506-507. 50 7/ 185?< papill>rythyroid . su !'apill ary
cderm in . 2Q2 Calot node , 148J, 1481/ thvroi d carcinoma
df1cacyofdiffcrcn1anabolic Camperfa<cia , 1066, 1067/ riskfor, 1342-1343
agcn«toirnl'rovcmu<clc Campto<lactyly, 2015 Mjuamouscdl. su5..juamousccll
proteinsynthesisin.52?/ ca,,,pylobacurjcjuni,ascau"'of
electrical. 525-'~28 infcc1iouscolicis,1 355- l356 in ukerat ivecol iiis , 1345
ctiologyo( 505 Canakinumab , 7 1? t Ca rci nomacxplcomorphic
fim -dcgrcc .~ 507/ Canalicula r mcmbrane , 1130 adcnoma, 80 7-808
Auidrcsuscitat ionfor, -113. Canccr.1ulllwCarci11on1a; Cardia, 1188
fourth -dcgrce , 507 , 50 7/ lv!ctasia.s.cs;Ncoplasrn>; Cardiacarrcst an dmp>eardial
gasirointestina ~em , effccfson , Tumor(s} protection .1671/1674-1675,
_ill agingand , 677-678 1675/
hypcrmcubolkrcspon;ccin , brca''-'uBrca.st canccr Ca rdiacarrhythmi>»po'1opcrat ivc ,
508-509, 510f511/ colorectaL iuColo rectalcanccr
atte11uationof, 221.:22S_ inCrohn'scolitis, l.li2
immune sysiem,effectson , cpidcmiologyof, 677-67?,
211:.ill 678/680/ - -

2113
INDEX
Carnwnia, 548
Cmx;hol an~ . 21_ 556
biosynchesisandphpiologyof.
968-970. 970/
Ca~:~:;;r":~;~g~~:i;~,7 ;;,y;or
Ca1hc1ercare,244-245
Cat hcter·associacedurinaryt ract
infoc1ion (C1\UTI), in intensive
carcuni1 , -2ZQ
C>thc1cr-ba,cdthcr.i pi cs, J..'.IB
Ca1he1ers
arcerial, 554
bhdder, 244
cc ntra lvcnous.ufCemral venous
atl1ctcrS
Cancll -R ra.sch maneuver, 1546
Cauda cquina syndrome , ill
Caudak lobe, of liver, !422.1423/
Caust ic ingestion , 1026, 1026<
Cavall igameni , 1422
Ca,•criu>niatoustran>forrnation,of
portal vdn , 1437
Ca,·ernommalformati on s, 1904
CD4'Tcells,604, 705,706/
CDS' T cells. 6 \ 2. 705
CD25,626-627
CD27,61lt
cozs,610,6 111
CD30,6\lt
C040,6\0-6 1J,6111
CD40/CD154 p>thway, 610-6 11
CD+l, .@±{fil_
CD80,6!0
CD86,610
CD95,606-607.6111
CD13'1 .6l11
CD1J7 ,611l, .Ili
CD152 ,611t
CDIS4,610-611
CD l7 8 ,606-607
CD265 .61lt
C D 278 ,611·612,61 11
C0279 ,611t
Cccal volvul u>. 1335, 1336/
Ce<:ocolicvol,·ulus, __!]1§
C d iacaxi san curysms , 1789
Cel ia c ly mphadcnopa d:;y.1031/
Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) ,
-6.l!.l:!ilU
Cell cydc , 681-683, 683/
Celldcad, - -
nonapopwtictypes of. 684
resiSling , 683-684 - Chcmodectomas.lllh
Cell su rfucerccepco", 61'1
Cell wall-aclivcagcncs , 258-261
Cdlubrtransplaniacion~
replacemcm , .616.
Cen ccrsfor Med icare a nd Medi cai<l
Scrvice•(CMS) , 1165
CenrcrsofExccllcno: (COE) , 1165
Ccrural h ypmhyroi<li>in , li.8.2
Ccn tml linc-a<><>Ciatc...!bloo<lstrcam
infcc1ions, 194. 195/249-250 ,
249r, 256-8 7
a nt ibiot icsfor,251-256
trcat nlentof. 256-257
Ccrural ncrvous>y« tm
infcrtionsof,1933- 1936
acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome, 1935-1936
intr>eranialinfe<:tiom ,
2114
Cen1ral nct\'Ou>sptct11 (Conlinued)
tumorsof.1909-19 10
intracranialtumors, 1909
Ccntr~I ncurc>eywma , 1912
Ccntr:il,l ipin scrtio n, 1978/
C emralvenousca cheters, 1798- 1799
hemo<lynamicmoni toring, 554
inincensivccarcllnit, 2ZQ_
Ccntr~l ,·cnous p rcss urc (CVP) , 554
Ccphalicvdn , 1797- 1798
C ephalosporin ,252, 2531, 259. 2591
Cerebral perfus ionpressurelCJ'P).
ill
Cerebrospinalfluidshu1m ,
1')28-1929
Ccrcbrcwa.<cuhr<li.<or<lcr<,
1')03- l909.!903b
aneurysms ,1904 - 1908
artcriovcnous malformations ,
1903- 1904 . 1903/ 1904r
eapillarytcbngie<:1asia, 1904
cavcrnousmalfo rrn at ion s, !904
duralarcerio,·enousmalformation ,
1909
Moyamoyadix;ax; , 1908-1909
tr,1umaticfistub , 1904
"c11om angiom a, 1904
Ccrcbnw..scuhr,•..scubrinjuric<,
endovascubr managcmontof.
18 12 , 1813/
Ccrtolimmah,hirulccrativccoliti>,
1344
Cerwlizumabpcgol. 7191
Cervical adcnit i<, lill2
Cet\·ical lymph nodes , 1849/
Cet\·ical spine, inj uriesof, 493
Cc rvical tcr:uomas. .!!!!2 -
Cervical t hyroidcctomy,"an<lanl,
912-9 17, 913/917/
Cervical u hrasou11d , 930, 930/
Cet\·ical•·ertcbr.,l boJ}l'iactu res , 122r
Ccf\·ix, -2!!ll::2!lll
Cctux imah(Erhitux) , 22.!J_
CCI mcthylation , 694
Chance fracture , 4221
Cl1an<ldicrsign . 1 ! 26r
Charcot•ign , ll26t
Charges, 176
Cl1cmicarl;;:;-rns , 526-528
adds, 527-528, 527/
alkali , 527, 527/
hydroc-;;i;:;;ns , 528
Chemokines. in wo und healing,
=
Chcmor~<lbdon , fo r esophageal
cancer. ~
wr<u•surgery. 1038- 1039, 10381
Chemotherapy
forbrustun<0er,856-857
forcrophagcalcanccr, 1037, 10371
l aryngc~ l anccrtrc.icd with , _Bill)_
lungcancercreaced w;th ,344
formctasiaticpancreacic
ad cnocarci no ma , 155 1-1552
fororopharyngcal0<11 iamousccll
carcinoma, l2Z
forpanctcaticcanccr,1 550- 1551,
15501
Chesi w•ll . 160 1- 1603
deformi tics. 1881-1885, 1885/
surgicalmanagemencof, 1885
infe<:tion<of. 1603
i njurics, ~ 428/
rc«>m<ruct io nof,1953 - 1954
traum aof,1 603
tumo,.of, 160 \ -1603.16021
bone, !60 1-1602,1602/
mcta!l!atic, ! (,OJ
re<:onstrnct ion ,1603
rofr1isrnc, ! 602- 1603, 1602/
Chest x-roy. before 1horacic
oper:it ion• ,..!1ZZ_,_ 1577/
Chiari J malformatio n, 1932- 1933
1933/
Chia ri l lmall<>rma1ion , 1933
Chiari malformation , 1932- 1933
Chil<l-l'ughdassification, 1436,
1436r
Child-Pugh sco ring •)'Slenl, 2161
Children . Ju Pediatri cs
Chimcric mo noclonalan tibo<ly, 718/
Chlorhexidincgluconate, 244
Chloride, 1324
Chloroform ,360
Cholangiocarcinoma , 1514
Cholccysiccwrny - p>!hophys iulogiccha;;gescousc<l
bilcductinjuryi<lcntific<laftcr,
1503-1504
b ileductinjuryrecognizedat the
time of, 1502-1503
galtb laddcr unccraftcr, 15 14
laparoscop ic ,1 132 - cdl u lar ditferetuiO!ion in•·ol..cd in,
Cholccyswkinin (CCK), 1485
Choledochal cyst ,1 881- ~
1882/
Cholcdocho<l uodcno stomy, 1497/
Cholcdocholi thi asi, , \ 494- 1496,
1495/
Choleliihi..sis, 2060-2062
nonoperat ivccrcatmentof, 1492
obesityan<l ,1168
inprcgnancy,2048-2049
Cholcrcticdia rrhn , 1323
Cho ndrosarcoma, ~ 1602
Choroi<lplexuspapillon1a,an<l
ca rci nom>. 1912
Chrisropher.Fre<lcrick , 12-lJ
Chrorn ogra nin A (CgA) , 1273
Chron ican<latypica linfe<:tion>,
2001
Chronicappendic ic is,ascauseof
abdom in alpa;n , \J05
Chronic arterial insuffi ciency.
1756-1758,17571
Chron icchok-cy<ti ti<. 1492-1493
Chronicfraccures, __1fil
Chroni cgamiiis , 37-38
Chroni chcp>tic infla mm at ion ,
J2::iQ
Chronjchepa1i1isCvirusinfcc1 io11<,
fJ.!l_
Chronic hydrocep halus , 1927
Chronj c inflammaiion , 2i::11. 697
byorgan•yste m , 35-36
pancrc.>S,.Jll -
pulnionary. 35-36
Chroniclivcr<liscasc,assc;srncntof,
1137
Chroniclym phocyc;cle.,kemia
(CLL), 156j
Chronicmycloge nous lcukc m ia
(CML) . 1563
Chronjcobsiruc1 ivcpuln1o nary
disease(COJ'D) . 35-36
C h ro nic painsy11dromc, inguinal
hernia repair and, 1105
Chron ic pan creac itis, 1531- 1537
d inical manifcs<at i~
1532-1533
d iagnosisof,1533
funci ionaltesis,1 533
imagingsrnd ies , 1533, 1533/
1534b
riskfac<orSfor, 15'! 1-1512
alrnho lahusc , 1531-1532
genemmations, 1532
smoking, 1532
treatmen t of, l533-l5J7
cndosco pi c, !534
rnc<lical,1533-1534
su rgical ,1534-1537
iypesof. 1532
autonnm une p ancream 1S,
C h ron icprc<Surc sorc,squarnou sccll
c.rcinomai n, _!1&, 146/
Chron icrcnal infla mmacion , 40-41
ad apt ive immu nity in , All
immunethuapyfor, 41
by, 40-41
roleofinnate immunilyin
d evelopmentof, .1!1
C hron ic vascu lar in flam m at ion ,
J1l.:l2
"'
ind irect mcchanismof ac1ivacion ,
..IB:l2
1hcrapcuticoptionsfor. _l2
C hron ic,·enou,in suflldcncy, 1840
C h yle, ! 606
Chylopetitoneum , 1854 -1855
Ch)'l othorax, ~ 1606b,
1851
Chylousascitcs, 1078
Cigarcttc•m ok ing ,asrhk fac<o rin
lung ca nc~r. 1583
Circu1 n ferem ial cas1 i11g, 479
Circumfle>;artet)',169~
Cirrhosis. .l2o:iQ. 565-566.1436
cl inical manifcs!at ions o f, 39-40
immunc-m<~liatcd hepatic
<legradation , 39
ovcrview of, _22
•yste m ic immun e system cffe<:1'
of. _12
Cisatracu rium ,3651, 550
Ci!l!crnachyli , 1849/-
c- kitreceptor, 768
"Clamshell" incision , JiZ2
Clark .. lcvclofinvasion , llQ:Zl!__
731/
Class l rn>jotl1iswcom pati bili1y
C.:mip l<:x , (,()2-603,603/
Classll majorhiscocompat ibili cy
complcx , 603 , 603/
Clavipe<:toral fascia. 820
Clay brooksign ,1126 '
C !can surgical procc<lu tcs ,in >utgica l
sii c infcci ion , l l i
C lean·conca minaiedprocedures. in
surgicalsiceiofecc io n, 215_
1168

Cli11 ic.o.l l11sii <u1eWi1lidrawal
Asses.smcm (CJ WA). 55 1
Cl inicalpulmonary infection srore
(CPIS).149
Cli n0<hctyly, 2015
Close<! franure,soft <i<>ue
de><ructionin , A.83
Closed(Ferguson)
hemorrhoidcctomy. 1401-1402,
1403/ --
Clmcd mi<ral commiS>urotomy,
1692/
Cfo.r1ridiumd;_{firiltcolitis, 311 -3 13
causeso( .l!._l_:l_l_1, 312r- -
prcsentationandd iagn osi sof,
.lL2=3.U
trc.imcrllof, 313
CUmridium diffi~infect ion ,
1353-1355,1 354/
Cf,,,rridiumdijjicdt->5'<Ki >tcd
<lisc.sc.12.Z
Clo1ri111a1-0k 27 0t
Clottingmcdi>nis ms,566-567
Cluscorgrnfi, _GZI)_
Cmetp roto-oncogone,l2l5
Cmgub rion , 57/
changcs,inpregnancy,2048
inliver, 1434
wncof, 506, SOG/
Coagulopat!i)\53-54, 56-58
Cocc idioidomycosis, 1~159 7[
Coccygcu' mu>elc , 1093/
Cockcn l pcrfor:itor, 1829/
Cockeu 111f>"tforawr,1829/
Co<lcufProfcssionalCunduct,20
Codman stripper, 1836
Coclenterates , _i1}
Cogan s~·ndmmc , 1781
.
eo.,:~:~:~ ,;rm•, ~
cogni ti \'e decline and de1nentia,
.ll5..:.1lli
deliriu m, 337
d cpre><ion , 336-337
g:!::~::::~ ~:~:·r,J;g~~;~l
Cog11 i1i \•eim pairinent, 206, 206b,
2071 - Composi te tissue transpTm!ation,
Cohort study, J22
Cob:torny
opcn.349
right , 1336
C-Oli1is, il54'.'. 1155, 1155/
Crohn's , l349- Ll53
forms of, !324
infectious , 1353-1356
i<chcm ic . ~
ukerative , 1339- 1349
C-Olbgen
struct11 reo( IJ8
synih esisof. IJS-1.19
iypesof, 138
Collagcnous;:;:;l i1i; , 1342
Colloid tumors, 838-840, 839/
Coloanalanastomosis,sphinc1er-
spari ng ahdomi nal r<rincal
rcscc1ionwith , 1J.ll..!!:..Ll1
Colon , 1312 -1 393, 2064. !eet1fso
spceificsegrncruofcolon
aboorptionin ,1323
adenocarcinomao( l.J.22
anatomy of. IJ12- IJ18 , 13 l 'if
artcrial>tipplya ndvmou,and
lympha 1ic dr• inage ,
1314-131 7, 131 7fl322/
cross-sect io nal, 1320/
using , 1151 - 1152
fo r pseudo-obstr11 cr;on , 1338
Colo recio l cancer, J..Illi. l 'Vi'l _,u
a&0 Rec1alcanccr
American Joint Commi ttee o n
cancerTN M stagingsystem
for,1 3741- 137 51
fam il ial. concept of. 1359
gene mutations t hat promote,
13601
Colo>torny
descriptiono f. 1326- 1327
en d dccscen d ing . 1327-1328,
1328/ --
loop , 1328-1329, IJ28/
physiologicconsi<lern <io n sand
prac1icalin1plicatio nsof,
J.JlI
Comm ittee on Traum a (COT) , --1.l:IB
Common bile duct
laparoscopicc•plorationof,1496 ,
1500.1500/
openexploraiion of, 1496 ,
1497fl498f 1501, 150 1/
Commun icat ingand obsmoct ive
h)·droeepld us ,192 7
Co morhidity, 337-338
cardio,·asculardiseasc,337
pulmona ry complications,
3J7-JJ8 , J37t
Compa rtm ent')'nd ro me, 2004 .
2005/
alxlomiml, 555 -556
acute . u~Acutecomparcmem
syndrome
Compensato ry h ydrocephalus/
hydroccph al ns e~ vacuo. 1927
CornpleinctH >y«cm , 33. 708
aei ivationof,34/ - -
Complementarity-determining
regions , 717-718
Complcm en t·dcpcndcnt cytotoxid ty
{CDC) , 718
Comple1 ion1~idec10my, _2lIB
Complex access, 1803-!804
vascu!aracces.sromplicatiomof,
1803-1804 . 1803/
Complex dccongcsti,·ephyskal
th erapy, 1852
Complexsd erosinglesions , JilI
Complica1c<ldivef!iculi1is,
managemcntof,133J - JB4
Complicate<lskin andooft tissue
infcctions{cSSTls), lli_,_ 258b
Complicatio n>. ieeSurgical
com p lica1 ions.
Composite end poirus, 177
vascubrized , 633. 6 34/
Compression l'lati--;;g;-AZll
Co m pressio n 1mmpthcrapy, 1852
Compulsive poswperntive
surveillance , 281
Computed tomography (CT )
forappendici ti, , 1299 . 1300/
fo r biliarytrcc d ise..se,1488-1489,
1489/
forcolonic icschcmia, 1357
forcongenirnlhean <lisease ,
1622-16B
gastriccanccrstagingand , J11_!_
in nutri1io nal assessmcn1 , _lilll
Cornputc.Jtomogr•phyangiography,
diagnosing lower GI
h emorrhage using, 1152- 1153
Co m putcri,,ed phys ida nordcr en try
{C POE)systcm , _!2Z
Concordaru xcuografo , 631 -632
Co nd it iona llyesscruial am inoaeids,
=
Conduit choice and harvesting ,
16n-16n
Co nd,•lomaacum inatum , 14 12-
14 13, 1413/
Cone procedure, 2041 -2042
Co nfoun<ling, __!_!Ll:
- malformation , 1865, 1866/
INDEX
Confusion , defin ition of, 547-548
C-Onfusion .soessmentmethodfor
the JCU (CA M-JCU) , 547-548
Congenital ahnormal ities,of
abdom inal wall , 107 1- 1072
Congenital andacquir..d
h}d roccph al us, 1927
C-Ongenital and developmenta l
deformit ies, bre»t, 1958
Congeniial anomalies, 20 13-2015,
2016(-2017/ --
C-Ongenitalbronchop ulmonary
malfonnations, __!2§__!_
C-Ongenitalcysticadenomatoid
malformat ions, nfil_
Congeniialcystic lesions , 1580-
1581, 1580(
Congffiiial <liap hragma1ic hern ia,
1863- 1865, 1864/
C-Ongeni ta lc.u d eform ities , 1946
C-Ongenital hea rrdisuse . 1619-1657
a natomyand! crm i nol~
1620- 1624. 162 1/
considerat ion s for, l§l2
cyano1ic, 1634- 1637
d iagnosisof, 162 1-1624
d iagno"ictes1', 1622-1624
physical cxarnin~
--1.G.2hlJ:i22.
historyof. 1619
hypoplastickfl"heartsyndrome
1uHypoplai;t iclcft hcart
synd rome(HLHS)
bionovcf\•iewof, 1625- 1645
ao rticarch ono rna lies,
lfi1.HMj_
auioventricularseptaldefect ,
\ 629- 1630, 1629fl630/
conotru ncal anoma lies ,
1637 - 1640
dcfectsas;ocia1 ct!wi1h increasc<l
p ulmo nary b lood How,
1 6~~-1627
lcf1 vcntricular ou1Aowtract
ob"mction , 1640-1641
venous drainage abnormal ities ,
1632 - 1634
ventricuhrseptal defect,
1627-1629
miscellaneous anomalies,
1650- 1654
mi<ral,·.h-canomalics ,
\ 653 - 1654
vascu lar rings and pulmonary
aneryslings, 1650-1 652
periope r'1t ivccarco( l 624- 1625
.>n esth .,iap irfalls .1624
singl e,·cutricle. 1645-1650
hypopl asd e !ehheartsyndro mc ,
164 7-1650 , 1647/
tricuspida iresia, __!__§12,
l 64(f1647/
su rgery, pa th ways for practicing
16 19 - 1620, 1620/
!r•nSposi!ionol thegrea!artcrics
su.li-ansposit ionofthegreat
arteries (TGA)
g:~::~:::: ~:~;pca:'~~~::~:~'.";·8~
Congenirnlnevus , 7 25/
Congeniial pulmon ary airway
2115
INDEX
Co11gcnital vasculardirotde..s,
J..iS.ld.5..81
Conotruncal anomalies, of
congcnii.lhcartdi;ccasc ,
1637- 1640
double-oucleirighcverurick !MO
irar»po<itionofgrea1 arteric-.;---
16J7-1640, 1638/1639/
congcnicallrrorrccted, 1640
Consdous«-.Jad on ,360 -39 ~
Con"ipat ion , 1381-139 1, 1389/
irar»itmidicsof,l390- 13') 1
Comam ina1Mprocedur<·s, insurgical
•itc infection , 1i2_
Continuousaspirationofwbglou ic
secretions , 244
Con t inuousvcnovenous
hemo<lialy.is, 565
Co111 inuurnofcare(CoCJ. 121:..!.2i
Con traccption , 2036
Contractures , 2018 -2020
C:>ntrollMscudyofLanre-01idc
An t iprolifcrot ive Re'l"Jn"' In
NcuroEnd0<;rincT11mors
(CLARINET) 1ri~I. 1275
Conventional imaging, inohscurc
G I hcmorrhagc.1156
C:>1wencionalon-p ump
c.rd iopulmonaryhypa" ,
1669-1677
Cooper'sliga1nems , 821, 825/
Cor 1ria1tiatmn . 16j""2:]6 33
Cor>I snake,, i l l
Cordotomy, 1924
Core net:dlel>iop•y, 776-777,827
Cori cycle , 101. 143-3 - -
Corona phl~mica, 1832
Coronaryartcriove11ow; fistula,
aneurysm•and , 1653
anatomicconsideraiionsin ,
1658- 1659, 16 59/ 16591
phpiologyandrcguhtiond
coronarybloodAow,
1659-1660, 1659b
a norn alicsof,1652- 1653
Coronaryarterybypassgr>fong
(CABG)
odjunctsto, 167 7
inotropes -;-;;dph >rrn acotherap)"
ifilZ
intra -aortic l>allcKrn l"""I"
-1.GZZ
uansewphageal
echocanliogr;iphy, 1677
wr>Usb;il loono ngioplosty/-
l_,arc-mc1alste11«. ~
ver<u1contcm1x>r.>11eousmc<lical
therapy, 1665-1667
w"'"<lrug-elut ingstems, 1667
ver;usmcdical thcrapy.forlcrt
main CAD, l8iZ_
rol c of,1669
an<l spcdalpopulation sof
patiencs. 1686
inobesepatiems, 16 86
inoldcrpaticnl>, 16 86
inpaticn"withdiab<:tc•. 1686
i11patiemswithrcnaldisease,
1686
in women , 1686
2116
Coronaryanerybypas.surgpy,
historyo( 1660. 1660r
Coronaryartcrydisease,353-354
cardbccat hcteri,,.:uionand
intcrvcntionf<ir,1664-1665,
1664/
d inical man ifestations and
diagnosisof, 1661-1665
clinical presentation of, 166 1
<liagnos!ic tcstingfor. 1662-1664
mechanical complications of,
-1!i8..U6..85_
physical cxam ina<ionof,
166l- 1662 . 166 2b
Coronaryarceryrn·..,cularizat ion
complc1rncssof, 1668
convcnlionalon- l'um p
cardiopulmonary bypass,
1669- 1677 . 1670b
cannulat ion.for
card iopulmon>rybypass
1674 . 1675/
c>rdiacarresta n<lmyocar<lia l
protcction , 1674-1675.
1675/ --
cardiopulmona rybypass,
1670-1 672, 1671/1672/
con d uit cho icea11dlian•csting,
1672-167"
hemostasis , 1676- 1677
mediansternotomy, 1672
ncurologioprotcctio ~r ing
card iopulmo na rybyp><s.
ill2
posi1ion inga11d <lrapi ngin ,
1669-1670
separation from
card iopulmonaryl>ypa.ss.
1676/
101>lartcrialrcva>eulari>,ation ,
lfil3:lGZ1
coronory a nerybypassgraf1ing . 1N
Corona ry arrcryb)'P""'
grafting
in<licat ionsf<>r, 1665-1677, 16661
left main coron>ry a rt ery disease,
!667- 1668
lcftvemricularsptolic
dysfunction . 1668
mechanical com p lic• tions,of
coronary artery <lisc~se ,
168~- 1 685
left ventricular aneurysm ,
!6H- 1684
mitr:il regurgitation . 1685,
1685f l 6 86f -
vcn1ticular>cptaldefc..:1 ,
1684-1685
lll)'OCar<lialrevascularizat ion,
ahernat ivemetho<lsfor.
1679- 168'1
cardiopnlnlonary bypasswith
hypotl1crmicfibrillawry
arrc<1 , l 679-1680
hybrid procedures, 1682~!683
min imallyinva>ive d ircct
rnronaryancry hypass ,
168 1-1 682. 1682/
off-pucnp coro11aryariery
bypa>sgrafti ng, 16 80
168 1. 1681/
l"'rcu1aneouscoronary
intcrvenrion . sul'ercur aneou•
coronaryintcf'·ent ion{l'C I)
pmtoperativcc"3rc , 1677-1679
discharge from intcn<i,·ccarc
unic, 1678
med icala<ljuncis,for
postopera tive management ,
1679
OUlCOn>es, 1678-167<J 1679b
pulmonaryC'Arc in , 1678
preoperat iveevaluatioil,1669,
1670/
pro>imallcft antcriordcsccndi ng
artcry <lisease . 1668
ST-scgmen1 elevation myocardial
infarction-acu1cmyocardial
infarction , 1669
unstable • ngina/non-51--segment
elevation myocardial
infa rction.1668
Coronary insuflicie11cy, 1658- 1690
Corpus, 1188
Corpusullowmmy, 1925
Corpuslutellm cyst , 2029
(',orrc-cte<I transposition , -1Jtl!l
Corrclarcdd.>ta , _lfil
foracu1erespirarorydis1tess
•yndrome, 560
forCrohn's<li>ea>e , 126!
im munosupprcssiveuscor,622
fm ulccrat ivccol iti" 1343
Cosiimula1ion blockade . 630-631
Cosiimulawrymoleculcs ,6 111
C'-0stoclavicu hlf tcst , 1604
Com, l l i
Counseling, patient , 340
Courvoi<icr<ign , 11261
Cow<lendisease ,6911, 13681
CpGisla nds{CGls) , .!i'.!A
Cranialdy,,aphisnl. 19J2
Cr:rnial epidur;i l abscess, 1 933-19J ~
Ctaniofacial mkro><>rni~ . 1946
Craniofadalsurgcry, 1945-1947,1945/
Craniopharyngiomas , 1915
Cran iosynoswsis, ! 933, 1933/ 1945.
1948/
"Creeping fat" . 130 3-1304
Cnowrcsourrcrnanagernent , 193
Cricoi<l , J2b - prognosis of, 1265-1266, 1266/
Cricoidstenosis, 1595
Crico1hyroidotomy. f i l 415f 1948
~;:~·;~~;;~fore,. ,.;, 1189-1 190
Cri1ically illpa1ie1us
cnteralfce<lingin , 562-563
pat hogensof. 263-265
Crocodil es , _i1J_ - -
CroFah , 5_H-5J5
Crohn'scol iti, , 1349-1353.1350/
ca ncerin, 1..22
c"3uscof, 1349-1 3 50
clinical presentation of, _!_lli_
Crohn'scol itis (Continued)
diagno•isof. 1350-1351 , 135 1/
elective operations for, 1352/
cpi<lem iologyof, 1349-1350
c>tracolonicmanircstation, in ,
fisiulasin , 1352
fulminantcolitis in . _ll_21
growth retardation in , 1352
indication< for <urgery;J351-
1352. 1351b
iruestinalobstruction in ,1351
inita-alxlom inalab<ecss in ,
135 1-1352
intractab ility in .1351
mass ive blee<ling in , 1352
l'athologicfc>turc<o~50
grossappearance , 1350:1' 350/
hiswlogicap peara-;;;:zJ 350,
1350/ -
po<1opcr. t iverecurrenceo( 1353
<urgicalmanagcnientof,
m in imallyinvasi,·c
approachesto,1353
surgical proceduresfor,1352-
1353.1352/
toxicmcgacolonin , 1352
ttea11nen1 of, 1351 - 1353
i ndiC'~tion s for surgery,
1351 - 1352
medical <heral'Y· 1351
Crohn',disca<e, 1154, 1254-1266
ofanorcct um , 1411-1412
dici ical pre<ema<ionof, 14 11,
14 11/
ev•luat ionandtrcatmentof,
1411 - 1412,1 4121
a•cau:;cof>mall l>.1wcl
ol>strnction ,1248
causesof, 1255- 1256
geneiicfactor<, 1255- 1256,
1256 r --
immunologicfoc1ors. 1255
infcctio us agents , 125S -
d i n icalmanife>tat io ~ 1257.
l25 8t, 1259/
d iaguosisof, 1257 - 1260, 12 59/
1260r
historyof. 1255
incidrnce a--;;-J--;:]>idcmiologyof,
1255
managemeruof, 1260- 1263
medical the rapy, 1260- 1262
nutritionalther.p)', 1262
smokingcessat ion , llQ2
surgicaltreatrncnt , 1262-1263
1»thologyof,1256-12- 57- -
grosspa<hologicfeatures.1256,
1256/1257/
microscopic feature•,
1256-1257. 1258/
inl'rcg11an9 , 2Ufui
small bowel bleeding and , 1157
spccilicproblemsof, 1263-1265
acu te i lei t is , ~
c•nccr, _!l!i5_
colorecrnl J i..,a.se, 1265
duodenaldisca.sc, 1265
gastroimestinalbleed ing, 1265
penetrat ingdisease ,1264-
perfor.>tion , 1265
periana ldiscasc , 1265
strictu ring d isea.se, !263- 1264,
1 263/1264/ ~
urologiccomplications . ~
 INDEX

Cro<>-prcsc!HO!ioo ,707-7 08 Cysi(s)(Conlinued) Dccpi n fec1 io11s ,2000-2001 Dermal sub>ti!utcs, for wound
Cross-sect ional srndy, _!12 Rarhkc'spollch , 803-804 palmarspa.oeinfeccions, healing. ill:_l_§Q
Cruvoilhiorsign , 11261 simple , 1469 2000-2001. 2002/ Dermatofibroma,2012
Cryo ahladon ,237 splcnic,l56J-15(,.4 pyogcnicflcxortcnmynm·i1is, Dcrma1ofibro<arcomaprotnhcran>,
Cryothcro py, \ 034 t hyroglossal d nct , ll09 , 1861, 2001 , 200 2/ 750 . 766
CryptococrnsiS":'l5 96-l S97 1861/ -- Deepinferiorepigascricanery Dermoidcyscs , 1860
Cryptord1idism , 1885-1 8 86 , 1886/ Cysiadenocarcicio1 na, 1469 perforatorflap.forbrcast Descendingcol;;;;-:-kng1ltof, 13 13
Cubit>I tunnel syndro me, 2007 Cystadcnom.>, _!_1&2 reconstruction , J!ZQ, 87 1/ Des.oendi ng mediasrina l inte rcosta l
Cu llen, 'lhomas. 2 Cyscicarrery.ana tomy o f. variations Deepinferiorcpigamic•·e,,.,ls, lym ph trunk , 1849/
Cu llen sign , 11261 in , 1427/ 1093/ Dc.cc ndingd10radcaor1ic
Cu ltural competence , 21-22 Cystic ha.sal cell ca rc in om a>, Deep pcronca l nc"·c , 1828/ a ncnrprn,da<>ifica1ionof,
Cu hura! sensi1 ivity, 2!~ 748-7 <19 Deep veins, 1735/
Curlinguker, 121 1- Cysiicduct , 1427, 1428/ Descriptives!a!iS!i<:<, 180, 1801
Cush ing•)'ndrome, 976-979 Cystich b rosis , 1542, 1581 Descript ive stud i es . ~
biochcmic~I diagnosis >nd Cystichygrom ~ped iacr ics, Deepvcnoussystcm , 1827- 1828 Desfluranc.36 11-3621.J62
locali>.:uion ,977-978,978/ ~ Dccp•·cnousdirornbosis , 184 1-1 845 Dcs mo idturnor, 765-766 ,
c pi dcmiology an<ld in ical features , Cystic medial necrosis, 17 81 can<csof, 184 1- 1842 1072- 1074. 10 73/
Cyscicnwp lasms . ~
~:::~~~~.~'.~~·~'~1,";'~~:~o~
976-977, 977/ dinica l diagnosisof. 1842, 1842/
su bd inicat 979 ofpancreas,1537 -1 54 1 d iagnoS1 icronsidcra1 ionsin , 1842
surgica l management and Cystic pl.re, 1423/ 1425- 1427 imag ingstudic, andlaboraror y Destructive bions, 1924- 1925
outromes,979 Cystosarcoma p hyllode" 841 testsfor. 11142-184.1 De>;mederomid ine, 550-5';1
Cush ingub:r,12 11 Cysw.copy,207 1 - inddcnccof, 1842
Cuiancousa ngiosarco ma , 750 Cyswurctliro><:opy,2071 aftcrki dn cy tra nsplacuat ion ,656 Diabetes md lit us
Cutaneous lichenamyloidosis Cytochrome111,,, _§b 62/ lowerexcremity.1841 - 1844 acherosclernsis risk , fil
(Cl.A) , 100) Cytokines , 21_ obcsiiyand , 126 immuneiherapyfor. 960
Cu taneous malignant nco pbsms , cdlularsourccsandbiologiccffects prophyla>is r,;;;-184,l- 1844 ;, kfallor"1 nspla n tati.;;:;lo r,.22Q.
Z1H.ill of. 28< trcatmen t o( .!11.i pa ncrcat icrra nsp lantat ionfor . .9£0.
u11conuuon , ? SO de«:rip1io11of, 61 4 upper cxtrcn1i1 y, 1844- 184 5 surgico.I 1rcauntrl! of, 959 -960
C1uancous rndanorna, lli.:ZQ proin namrnaw ry, 145 rctricvablcvcnaca">fihcrs, <y1ic 2, olx:si1yasriskfac10 rfor,
biopsyof, 727-728 summaryof. 6051::()061 1845.1845b ill
ca u>eso( 12.1.:lli 1herapy.forCrohn'sdisease, ueat mencof, ~ wound heal ing affected by,
epidemiology of. 724-725, 725( 1261 - 126 2 vcnacavafiltcr,l845, 1845b 14 6 - 147
invasive , ~ tum o r imnrnnothcrapyuseof. Defecation. 1324 Diabcticfoot . 1767- 1769, 1768/
pathogcnesisof, 726 , 726[ 7 10 -7 1 1,7 11/ Dcfceography.1382 Diabetic retinopaihy. fil
pathology of, 72ffiO in wound heal ing, 1341 for rec1occlc,1 400 Diagno<1 icbrond10«:opy, 58 3
precursor lesiOrlSOl,725-726, Cyromegalovirns (CMV) , 668 Degenerative disorders, of spine, Diagnost ic imaging
715/ -- ascauseofcolicis, l..liG_- 19 18 - 1922 acerabulum , 475,476/
punchbi<>p>yof. 728 Cytotoxican1ihiotico , 262 ccrvicaldi.cprolap,c,ccrvical ank lc ,4 76 -477
nhravio lctrad i>ti;;;;-;:xpo,urcand , CytotoxicTcells, 6 12-:70 5 spondylosis,and ccrvical elbow, 47 5
22A:l2i Cyto10xic T lymphocyt<·-associa1ed S!enosis , 1920, 1920/ foot,477
Cu!tingballoon , 1777 oruigcn 4(CIT A-4). 610, 7 06, d iagnosisof, 1920-1921 hip,475-4 76
Cp not iccon gen ital hea rt disease, 707/ - - - lumbardiscprnla psean d lu mbar knce,476.476/
1.fil1:lill c....,rny, Vin.oent ,865 degenerat ivecondiciom . pelvis,475.476/
pulrnon.ry>trcsia \ 921 - 1922 sh ou ld cr,4 74-47 5,475/
andinuctventrirnl.u.scptum , D locafo,:nionandd iagnosisof. spinc , 477 -478
1636 - 1637 Dabigauan ,220 -221 19191, 1922 Dialysis access, 1796- 1804
wi1h ''entricu larseptal d<·fcet , Dadizumab ,6231, 7 191 lun1 barca 11 al stenosis , autogonousfisiulas,s<:eondary
\ 637 DJ k in, Henry, 7 inte rventionsin . 180 2-1803
rccra logyoffalloc , 16J4-16J6, DamagecontrnT lllmbardiscprolapse.1921 cenrralven ouscacheter.
1634{-Ui37/ - - dc><:riptionof, 581 management of, 1922 1798 - 1799
valvub rpulmonic>tcnosi< . 1637 rcm>cit ation , .t![7'0b managcmcntoption sfot, 19 2 1. complcxaccc<>, 1803- 1804
Cyd ic lipopepc idcs, 260 Danforch sign .1 1261 1921fl922/ dia lysisouccomes qu •lityinic iative
Cydin-dependemk~s, fS.3. Danger-associa ted mok..:ularpauerns paihophysiologyof, 1919- 1920 guidelines, 17 96-1797
Cyclosporine, 356. 6 23<,624 ,iiliZ (DAMP,),25. spinal anatomyin . 1918- 1919, failed/fuilingaccess,paticntswith
for ukcracivecol it i,, 1344 DJpsonc , 539-540 191 91 180 1- 1802, 1802/
Cylin dricalcdl papillomas ,lilll Daptomy~ Dclii«:cncc,283- 284 , 283b in itial evaluation , forncwaccc;s,
Cyli ndrom a, \ 592 Dataam lysis , 180-182 Dcla)'cdun ion , A..6.2 1791!
CY!'JAl , ii!M rorrcl aied data, J.§1 Dclirium. BQ.::illfil 337 , 3371, nommdacure, 179 7.1 7971
Cyst (s) h ypochesis ieS!ing ,l§l 340-341 superficialvenoussystem,of u pper
ancurysmal OOne , 2013 instr11m enralvariab lcanalysis , J..B.1 cau«:of. 11Q, 320b e>: trcm ity, 1797- 1798
B>rthol in glan d, t reotm enrof, missing data. _!!g_ dehnitionof. .5..1Z:21.!! ven o11strJnsposi1ion
2041. 204 1/ mu l<ivariableanalysis, -1.8.l poS!opctati,•c, 206-207, 207 b 1cdmiqucsof, 1800- 180 1
biliary:l51 0-1511, l 5 10fl5 11/ pro1x:11'ity><:orc an alysi; , Jl!l.,lll1 presentation and diagnosis of, tyix:sof,1799-1800
br.mchialdefr. JiQ2 variabletypesand descripcive .lllLl.21 Diaphragm.cruraof, 1043
breast . ~ stae isc ics , llill.,_ 1801 cre>1memof, .Jll Diaphragmac ic injuries, 432,432/
hronchogcnic, 1580-158 1,1610, D.wis,U.pl. 12- 13 . 13/ Ddormcproccdurc , 1397- 1398, Diasta5isrccti , 1072
lB.!i2 --- dcQuervaindi«:a«: . 2004 1.l99/ Diastc matomydia. 1932
d1ole<lod1al. 188 1-1 8 82, 1882/ Dea1hreccptor .S.. ..6l:!.3. - Dcrnen tia, 1Q§,_ 206b,2071, 335-336 Diazcpant , 550
epi de rm al indusion , 20 10-2011, DcBakcy, Mkhad , J..6., !6/ Dcndriticalls, 600-60 1 Diel, majo ;:-;:;:;nponcn!Sof, 98
20 10/ -- Debridemenr,sofcc is.sue,bcdside, descripiionof,705 Dierarysta rch,1241 -
ganglion , ~ 2009/ 2Z2:2fil_ myeloid , 707-708 O iethylec her, 3611
hydot id , 1452- 1454 , 1453fl454f Decision making tu mor antigen ac<1 u isition by, 712/ O iculafoybion , \ 146. 1146/
mcdia,.i na l. primary, _!i_l_Q patient participa tion in , 11_ Dcnonvillicrsfuscia. 1399 123 1- 1232
n1cserueric,1 082 sltare<l , 22 Dcnosu1 nab,7191, fil Differecnial 1nisdassi fica1io n , 174
O!HCtllal. 1081 - 1082 Derondiiioning,34 1-34 2 Deprcssion , 206, 207 b, 336·337 Diffuse esophageal spas m (DES),
peric:ud i al. ~ Deepfrmoral •·cin , 1829/ Dermal sinuZl932 -- 1015-1016

2117
INDEX
Diffu>e lu11gdisease , 1598- 1599.
! 599b
DiGoorge•yndrome, 1630·163 1
Dig i1allyaugmcn1cdsurgcry,
394-396.395}396/
Diiodocyrosinc, 1!..8.U
Dirc..:1allor"'ognit ion ,620/
"' olecubrbasisfor, 621/
Dirccteddilfcrcntiacion, 168-169
Dirty procedure<, in surgical site
infec1ion , li5_
Disasiers
dassi licat ionoLand implica1ions
fortraumacare, 586-587
-5.l:ili.:S.Bl
:::~~:i~~;:~:~:i'c';ii~::~·~,~_ifili
hos pital p lans for
inciden t rommand , _i2Q_
rccci ,·ingcasuahics, 22!)_
t r~urna a.spec!< of, 590·591
triage, 590-591, 59- ,,-
ho;[~~i;i:~::~:~ ;~~~92-593
gcd of. 587
initiolpr,-;:;:,591,59 1},
othc raspec«of. 592
major medical. 586-587
natural --
in jurypattcms in , 32}
m ed ical relief effort in , 5..'11
surgeon'srolcin , 593
trau 1nacarcin , 22J-
traumaservice li ne in, 588, 588/
Disei tis, 1935,1935/ - ><entinclnodcsurgeryfor, Jiil
Di>eorda~nografo , 632
Di>cax:-spccificconsidcWions,
256-262
Dio!oca1 io11s , 1997, 19971, 1999,
1999/
dex:rip1ion of. ill
evaluatio n of, 493-494, 496/
h; p, 493-494 - -
kntt~4
Disstt!ion,aonic, 17 46- 1750,
174(fl747/
Dista l cholangiocarcinoma. !rcatment
of. l2!2
Di>tal phahngcalfr.cturc, 1997- 1998
DiS<al subdavianartcrialoontrol.
181 7
Distribu ted type. ofsplcnic artery.
J.ii(i
Di,·c rticulardiscasc, 1019.102 1,
1153, n~o-n~4
backgroundof. LBO
epiphrenicdivert icula. J.Q1!.,
1022/
eval uat ion of. 1331 - 1332, \3 32/
H incheydassificat ion of, 1333
managemmtof, 1332- 1334
complicated d iverticuli t is,
1333- 1334
uncomplicated di,·crt iculitis ,
1332
midcsophageal divcriicula,
1020-1021, 1021/
paihophysiologyof. 1330-1331,
133!/ --
pha ryngoc"'phagcald ivcrt iculum ,
1019-1020, 1020/
ofsmall ime>ii ne, 1280-1 286
d uodcnaldivenicula,
2118
D ivcf!iculi1is
management of
compl icated , 1333-!334
uncomplicated , 1332
spccialconsidcrat ion , f<ir
right-sided,1334
inyou11gpa1iems,1334
DNA mcth)'htion , 701
DNA microarra)'. 242-243
DNA tumorviruscs , ii2!!_
ONA-hasc<l marker>, 701
Dodd'sperforator, 1829/
Domain hernias, loss of, 11 15
Dorsalrootcn tr)'rone lesion . 1924
Dorsal venous arch , 1829/
Do rs:.lis pc....lisvcin , 1829/
DOTATATE , 1274- 1275
Double ruprnre , 1788 -1 789
Double switch , 1640
Double-outlet rightvcntridc. 1640
Doxorubicin , _l_i§_
D ressi ngs
rnaintcnancc ,244
wound , .11!:.J.12, 149b.
l 50t- 15 1r,152b
Drew, Charles , _!!_, 8/
Dro p finger, 1994/
D rugfevcr,254
DrugwithdrAwal syn d rome, 254
Drugs, metabolism of. in liver, 1"34
Dual-encrgyx-rayabsorpt iometry
(DEXA) , 108
Ducrcctasia, ~
D uctalcarcinotna insi1u, 837.838/
lu1n ptttorny for, 8521 -
mastectomyfor, ~
tamoxjfenfor,8521
trcatmcntof, B.i.l.:1!21
D u1nbbdl1 umors, 16 12
D u1npi ngsyn d romc, 1212
Duodenal at resia, 1870
Duodenal di><ease,Crohn'sdiscasc
and , 1265
Duodenal divcrtirnb , 1281 - 1282
cl inical 1nanifes1a1ionsof,
128 1- 1282, 1282/
incidenceandoauscof. \ 28 1
treatment of, 1282, 1283/
Duodenal injurics ,439-440
Duodenal >tcnosis , 1536
Duodenal switch (DS) , 1172- 11 73,
11 75/
resulrsof. 11771,1 178 - 1179
Duodenal ukcr, .l.!.22:.l1QZ
d inicAl rnanifestat ionsof, J.!22
ahdorninal 1>ain , ll99
diagnosisof, 11??- 1100
flexibleupp<rendoscop)'.
1\ 99-1200
H~/icobart~'PJ/o,; test ing, 1200
upp<:tgdsttoitucst inal
radiography, \ 199. ll99/
invasivetestsfor,12~
cuhure ,1200
hi,,ology.1200
antacids , 1200
_tl, m:epwr amagoni>ts ,120 1
medical management , 1200
Duodcn>I ulcer (Co,,linu~d)
protonpllmpinhibi tors . 1201
sunalfate,1200- 1201
Duodcn<>jejuno>1 o my,antccolic
"~""' rctrocol ic, 1550
Duodenum , 964f965J !086/
neuroen docrine 1u111orsof, ?98
polypsof, ..!1.ZQ - forcongcniralhcartdisc.>sc . ..!&ll
vascular compression of,
1292- 1293. 1292/
Duplcxartcrialu hrasound ,
l282dZ&1
Duplex survei llance , 1786
Du plexulrr.>sound . 1843
Dupuyt rencontracturc. 2019, 2020/
Duralarn:riMenousmal~tions,
Dynamicrc1enc ionsmures ,4501
Dy><embryoplas1icncuroepithelial
tumor, 1912
Dysfu nctionalutcrincblccd ing,2039
Dyskcratosis , 789
Dysrnenorrhc;:--1036
Dysphagia , 345, 1019
inesophagealcanc<ers, 1028
Dyspla,ia
high -gradc , 1033-1036, 1033/
in uker:uivccolit is, 1345
Dysplasticncvus, 725
Dysrhythmias, in --;;;t,:mivecareuni1 ,
E
"'
Ear,no><e, and1 hroa1complications,
ill.:Til
Lr deformities, congenital, l946
Lr tumors , 80~-807
Eardrumpc rf<ir:u ion , 594
Earlyprcgnanc)'. 2034-
EasternAssocia1ion for 1heSurgery
ofTraurna(EAST) , 408-4 0?
Ebsteinanoma!y,oftricuspid,., lve,
1653. 1654/
Ehurnat ion ,JQ!2
E-cad herin, 686 , 686/
Ediinacea , 230/
Ech inocandi ns. 2Zll
Echinococcalcyst , 1447-1448
Echinococcosis, 14_52_ _
Echinodermata, 2'.!1
Echocmliography,555
~:~ ~::!~';~a~::~~td~:::~· 1 ~~2
fo, !1bromusculars11baortic
stcnosis, ~
Eckfim.da ,1440
Ectopicpancrcas ,1522
Ectopicpregnancy, 2039
surgeryfor.2042-2043
potent ial co mp lications of.
204 '\
techniquc in , 2042-2043
Ecul i>.urnah. ~ 7 191
Edema, 1842/
in burn injury, 2Q2
Efuliwmah. 7191
Effectivcncss ,.lZS_
Effercmloopol-"'tuct ion , 1213
Effic~cy, 178 - End ·of-lifccarc, 21
Ehlers-D~ssyndrome, 139
Eisenmenger syndrome, 1625
Elasticfibc,.. ,..!.12:.!.1.Q
Elastin-bindini;fib rill in , .!fl
Elbow,diaguoS!ic ituagi ngof, 475
Elderabuse ,355 -356. 1ut1&0 -
Gcriatricpat ients
Elcc1ivccolon>urgery,24 7t,252
E!ecti,·elaparoscopicsplenecmmy.
l 564- 1566.1565fl566/
Elcctiveopcr~ 1ions,rnmm a ryof,
\348 , 1,349/
Elcctr;;;rr, urns, 525 -526
Elcc1tocardiograpli)'. 367
h)'pcrkalemiaevalllations. 88/
Elcctroca utcfv,235
Elcctrolytcs, 44-97
historyof,- :r.r:50
potassium , 87-8?
insmall intestinc , 124-1-1244
1244/
wdium , 1!2:1il. 86b
Elcctron ic proce;smo nitoring , 194j
=
Electron ic white-board mediated
ti mc-out . __!21 194/
E!cctron ics. 393-406
E!ccirosurgcr)'. 235
Emlx>lism . >eeo:&oPulmonar)'
embolism
obesi<y and , lli
Embryonic stem cells (ESC)
d inicJI ap plicationsof. 169
desctipt io n of, 157,16~5
Emcrgencycarc, ~u~lctal
injurics, '162-504
Emphy><ema, 1598- 1599.1598/
Emphyscma touspycloncphri tis,
2073 . 2073/
E1 n pirical am il_,io1ic1hcrapy.255
Emp)'crno., 1605- 1606
Emulsification.offuts, 1242-1243
Encephalopathy.548, 638
Enchondroma ,781,2013,2014/
Enddcsccndi ngcolostomy,tcchn ical
oonsiderat ionsof, 1327- 1328,
1328/
Endarterectom)'. aortoil iac , 1741 ,
1744/
Endemic goit er, 889-890
Endoca rd b l rnshio ndcfcc< , 1629
Endocard itis,invalve ,1698
Eudocarditis prophylaxis ,373-374,
373b-374b.374•
Endocrincd iscasc.inpregnancy.
2062-2063
Endocdnegland d)'sfunction ,
303-306
Endocrinesurgery,342-344
Endocrincsystcm , 216-218
endocrinopath ies,managemcntof,
206b. 21 7-218,2 l 7 b
1x:riopcrat ivcdiahctic
managcment ,216-2! 7,
2161
Endocrincthcta p)'. fot brcastcanccr,
857-858
Endocti n ~ tu mors, 941-962, 1613
co mplic>tions of<urgical th~rapy,
959
physiologyof.942-94-l
Endocrinopath ics. manage ment of.
206b,217-2 18 , 217b
Endodcrmal roof, ofyolksac ,1312
Endolcak ,1733
Endoluminal management , wi1h
stcn t graft, \ 8 12, 1813/
Endomctrial cydc, 2033-2034
E11dom etri0<is, 2040
Endopdvicf<t>Cia, 1314, 1315/
Endoprosthc><es, 780/

Fn<loscupjccomponc1uscpara1ion,
1112, 1114/
Endoscopicmuco.alreseccion
(FMR) , 1034-1035. 1034f
1035/1 ~
Endoscop ic parad1yroid<"C10my.
lli.:2.ll
Endo«:opjcret rogr.>d e
cholangiopancrea tography,1496
1
~:: ~>~l~~:yp;,:~~:~~~. ~~:9,
1490/
Endoscopicuhrasound , 1031
inbiliarytreediscasc,1 490, 1'191/
inpancrc>ticneuroendocrine
turnor< , 1000
En<loscopicurologicsurgcry,
2070-207 1
Endoscopy
donble-balloon,1156
forcsoph>geal cancer. 1028
-
gas1ricc:rncct<1agi ni; a 11d ,
12 18-1221. 1220/ 122 1/
forg.,stroesophagealrcfluxdisease,
for gastrointest inal hemorrhage ,
ilA2
in1raopctative,inob>curcGI
hcrnorrhagc ,1!56
inpregnantwomen ,2056
repeated, in obscure GI
hemorrhage , 1 155-1156
small bowel. inoh,cureG!
loernorrhage .1 156
videocap>ule, inoL>scurcGI
hemorrhagc . 1 ! 56
Endothdial progenitorcells( El'Cs) ,
J.2.2.,1 67-168
Endovascularancurysm repai r
(EVAR). 1722
1edinique 07.1732/
Endovascularmanagcment ,
lJilUlill
ofccrcbrm·ascuhrvascuhr
=
endonscu lacrepa irs , 18 12
ofexcremityvascularinjury.1812.
18 14{
of1boracicancury<m" 1735-1736
ofcorwvascularinjuri<-, .. - -
18 11-1 812, 1812t, 1813/
Endovascu h roperating rooms
=
Endov,.,;cuhr1m.ccdurcs, simuhtion
for, .1Q}_
Endo,·ascularre<:on>truction , 1844
Endo\':lscular,..,pair,18 12
d ev iccs ,1734t
forocdusi•·edisease, 1734<, 1738
Endovmousbca1-induccxlth rornbus
(FHIT) . 1838
Endovonouscbermalablacion ,
Encrgycxpcnditurccquat ions, .Llll
Energyrcquiremems,assessmell!of,
562
En1cralauwnomy,1iG.6
Emcral nucrition , fil
bene~ts o L .L12
~~;;:~~i~a;'."i'\';:~· ~ 1 181- 1 \ 9t
accessfo~, 113 -1 14.
1141,115/ - -
fce<ling intole<>nce , _!_!j_
ileus, -11.1
oral fcd in g, 112. 113/
carlyinidation d J l2,l \ 4-117
formulaiions of, 1~!6.ll01
immunonu1ricion , ll7
refecd ing syndrom Z::U.Z
routesof. l!!.::.llb 112b
En1cricflaps . 8l4
Entcriclcak , @
inimmunocompromise<lhosc ,
1267- 1268
bocteria,1267
fungi ,1 268
mycobactcria , 1267- 1268,
1267/
protoroa ,1267
viruses , 1268, 1268/
rad ior ion .1290-129l,l290b
typhoid , 1266- 1267
En1croauuosplicricfisiula,I 287
Enterocucaneousfistulas ,1287
Emerohepaciccirculacion,1 432
offats , 1243
[ ntcrotomy, 1116
Ependymoma, 1912
Epl1cxlr~ , 2301
Epicolicnodes ,1317
Epicondy!es , 463·461
EpidcrmalccD } ?
Epidcrmal grow tJ;""Gctor receptor,
680-68 1. l l i
Epi<lcrrnalioclusioncysts ,
2010-2011. 2010/
Epid~cmes.forwoun<l
bcal ing, 154-155
Epidcrmi ., 13_7 _
Epidermoi J"Cy.ts , 1860
Epididymi1is-orcl1 i1 is,2074
Epidura l anestbesia . 381 -382
Epigamichemia, 1108-1 109
Epilcpsy,1925-1')~
Epincphrinc ,556
Epiphrenicd iverc icula , 1021.
1022/ - midesop hagca!divenicula,
Epiphysis , 463-464, 465/
Epistaxi,, ~
Epithelial bycr. 1240
Epitbdial turno ~4
Epichel ializac ion , 137-141
Epichelioid hemangioeodo1hdioma,
lAil1
Epirbd iu m, colonic , 1323
Epstcin"Barr,•iru;(EBV) . liG.li
En'C!ilcfunc!ion ,2082
Erythrocyceenzymedeficiency.
hemolyi icanemiacauscdby,
156 1
Erythroplakia, 2§2
Erythroplasia , 28'1
Erythrup<>ictin ,281
Escharotomies,inburninjury. 515 ,
515/
£,chuichiaco/i,app<:oHlicit i,and ,
J.2lU
Esophagealcanccr.345
diagnnsisof,1028 - 1032
diagno>ticapproacbcsto,
1027- 1040
early-scag<.,approach10 , J_Qll
ep idem iologyof. 1027-1028,
1028/
csophagc..:torny for, 1035-1036
locallyadvanccd , 1036-1039
modal ities used in , 10 >6- 1 0~9
multimodali1ytherapy for, 1036
pall iot ive opt ions for. 1039-1040
stagingof. 1028-1032,10291
survdllanccof, JQ.r!
tumord,.,;sifiationfor, 1031/
Esophageal di se.,ses,Barreu
esophagus, 1050
Esopbgealin ju ~31 -432
Esophagealma nomcrry, 1047-1048,
1047f1048f --
faopbagcal motility disorder<
body.1015-1016
d iagnosisof. 1014- 10 19 , 10151
management of, 1014- 1019
Esophagealneoplasnls, 1027- 1040
Esophagcalperfom io n , 1025- 1026,
1025/,10251 --
EsophagealSf"'CCh , 800
Esophagealsquamo~ellcarcinoma ,
>tagcgroupingshir,1029t
faophagecto my, foresophagcal
cancer, 1035- 1036
hophagi1is , 1146, 1146/
Esophagogastrodu0<lenoscopy, __!__!_:g
inpregnanq. 2056
Esophagomyowmy, 1018-1019
faophagus, 344-345, lOlJ-1042 ,
iill --
acquiredbonig udisordersof,
Jfil.H!!lZ
lhrrect , lQS_(}
d ivcrticubrdisordcrS, 1019-1021
cpiphrcnicdivcrdcula , 1021,
1022/ - omcomesof, 1547 - 1549
1020-1021. 1021/
pharyngoewphageal(Zen ker)
di,·cnicul um , 101')-1020,
1020{
ewphagealmocilirydisorde.s
affe.:cingboc h body and lower
ewphagcal,phincter,
1016-1019
hod y, 10 15-!0 16
diagnosi;of,10 14- 1019
loweresophagcalsph inccer,
1016
management of, 1014- 10 19
ewp hageal neoplasms , 1027- 1040
henigo1umors, 1032, 1032/
diagnosi;nf,1028- 1032,
1028/
- early-stage, a1>proachto . J..Qll
cpidcmjologyof, 1027- 1028
higli-gr><kdrplasiaand ,
1033- 1036. 1033/
locallyadvanccd , 1036-1039
malignam cumors , 1032-1033
INDEX
Fsophagus(Continued)
stagingof, 1028-1032,1028/.
10291
superficia l cancer< and ,
J.ll1HlllJi
gamoesophageal jut><:tion,1044{
gaS!roewp hageal reflux d ise.se ,
lll2Jdll1i
complicatcd , 1023-1025, 10251
mcdicalrnanagcmcn<of. 1022
:~;~:~'.. ';;;;r I 023-1 025
primarymelanom aof, !032
regionso( IWIO/ -
short, intraoperative management
of, 1053. 1055/
Essential amino adds , 101
Estlander flaps, .125_ -
Esuogen replacement 1herapy. 833
Estrogens ,ci rculatinglcvehof.
fil:fil2
F.ihic<, insurgcry, 20-24
cult ur~l sensi!ivii y, 21-22
end -of-life care, .21-
imporcanceof.1.Q:11_
Etbmoidsinu>, 802,804{
Etom idatc,363 , 36.lr,557-558
Europc•n>yS1cn1forvalvulariurgcty
opcrati,·criskcvaluation
(EuroSCORE), l 7 1 1r
fa·erolimus ,6231.627
Evidcncc-bamJsurgcry,l7J - 186
Ewingsarcomo, 784
Exces.weiglo1 loss, 11 77
Excisional binp>y,82 7
Exerciseandpharmacologicstrcss
echocard iograph.y,1663
Excrciscandpharmacologic'1rc.,
nudnrmyocardial perfusion
imaging, 1663
Exercisedccirocar<liography, 1663
Excrcisetolerancc . J38 , 338f
Exercisevenu1pharmacologiccescing,
1663
Exocrincpancrca>, 1520- 1555
adenocarcinomaof. 1541 - 1552
clinical prescnrn1ionof, l 544,
1544,
controversicsof. 1549- 1550
diagnosisof,1544 - 1545
epidemiology of. 154 1
ri.kfoctorsfor.1541 -1 543
5tagingof. 1545,1545r
trcatrncntof. 1545- 1547
anatomy of, 1520, 1521/
embryology of, 1520- 1522, 1521/,
15221
physiologyof. 1522-1 524
Ex tcnsi,·estagc.1583
Ex tenwrre ndon, ,1990- 1991
1991fl995f
External l>eam r~diation therapy
(EllKI') , 1462
Externalfixac ion,of fr•cture,
467-468,485
E>. ternal iliac,·esscls, 1095/
Fxtcrnalobliqucrnuscle,1067/,
1086/,1094/
andaponeurosis,1094
Extracellularmatrix.679-680
basal lamina , 140- 141
collagcn5tmcturc, 138
collagensymh esis , 138- 139
componctusof, 138
degrada t ionof. 14 1
2119
INDEX
Exttacdl ularrnattix (Continued)
dasticfibers, ll2:.!.1Q:
gl)'cosaminoglycans, -1.Ml
noncollagcnprotcin< in , 1:1!1
proK"<.>glycan>. lAl:l
inwoun<l healing, 137-1 41 , 138/
Ex1racolonicmanifeS1a1ions, of
Croh n'scoli tis . _!]21
Extracorporeallifesupport ,
1861-1863, 1863/
Extracor porcalmcml>r•nc
oxygenation,559-56 1
Ex1raesophagealsymp1oms, 1045
Extrahcpat ic bilia ry.>trcsia , -
1880-188 1, 1881/
Extrain<c>tinal cancer, 1257
Extra m ammaryPagct <li<u<c
(EMl'D), 750
Ex1ra\•asa1 ion , .USU
Extra va..ationinju rics , 2llil1
Extrcm ities . injuriesto, 444 -446
445/
Extrcrni<y fasdotomy,o perativc
techniquesfor,1 82 1- 1822,
1822/
Extrcmi tynx;u b r inj ury,
e ndovascubrmanagcmen t o(
1812.181 4/
Extrinskrnus.:lc<, 197 6, 19771
F Femoral canal, 1095/ 1097
F.ccl ift, 1952
l'acial acsthcticsurgcry,1950- \ 9 53
Facial reconmuciion , 1950, 1951/
facial ttan>plantation , 1950
Factor l',1557
FactorX , _Lll
F.c10r Xa inh if>i10rs, 220-222
l'•ilcdaccc.s,paticncswicf>,
180 1-1 802, 1802/
Falciform ligan1eru , 1419
F.llrisk, 1Q2, 209b-210b
asscs.smentof, 338-339
Fallopiant uf>c ,2029 -203 1
su rgcryfor,2042-2043
pokmial complicacionsof,
1Mi
tcch niq uein , 2042-2043
Familial adenomatot1Spol)'po•is
(FAP) , 690-692 , 6911, 754 -7 58,
J.122, J3(,(,. J370,13681, 121.1
classic, _Ll§l
HNl'CC ~mu1, 137 1/
Familial .rypical mole and mu ltiple
m elanoma,yndrome, 1542
farnilial canccrS)' ndrorn cs , ~694,
6911 --
Li-Fraumeni,ym!rome, 690-6')1
re1inoblasrnnu ,ii2Q, 69V-----
Familial jnvenilc polyposis , 1368t
Fami lia l melanoma , 6')1t
farnil ial p ancrea1 ic<'."d11Cet(F!'C) ,
1 542-154~
Fas, 606-607
h.cia Haps,1941 - 1942 , l94l/
l'asda Iara , 1067/
Fascialu mbodorsalis , 1067/.1086/
Fascia tcnali;, 1086/
F.sciacr.1nsvcrsalis, !07 0/
hscialexcision ,i!§_
FasciocmanoousHaps . ~
814/,1941
l'asciocomy,rolco( 1816
"FasHrack"prograins,223
Faiembol i s)'n dro rn c, 501
Fae grafting, in b reast,1957
2120
ptxlia1ricrcquircmcrmof, 1860
insrnall intc>tinc , 1242-1 243
fanyacid>. 1323 --
Favaloro,R<cnt' ,-1.6.
Fcre<:eptors,615 -616
Fearon -Vogelscein adenoma-
carci no ma muhisccp model ,
1359-1360, 1360{
focal~, mechanisms
invol,·..J in ,1324
Fecal inco nt inence
causcof. ll2§_
d ini<'."al cvalmtion o f,112f,
13961
definition of, !~95-1~96
1rea1mcmof, 1396- 13?7
medical management of. 1396
"'rgical rcp airof. 1396-IJ97,
l397f l 398; - -
Fcca l rnicrobiotatransplant>tion
(fMT ). for C diffir& infoct ion ,
135 5
Fe<:Jcr laycrs, 163-164
Femalccxtcrnalgc nital ia, 2027-
2029, 2028/
Fcmoralandpol'li1calar1cry
ancurysms , 1782, 17 83/
f.cmo ra lhcrnia" l 104-
Femo ra lnc "·c, 1096/
hn1orolvein ,1070f. 1829/
Fcrnoral -fornoral ar1<:rybypa.>s
grafting, 174 1.1743/
Femoropopliteal bypass , 1775
f.crnoropopl i1callc> io ns,
Tranv\ tlanc ic Inter-Society
Constnsus {TASC) classi ficatio n
of, 1773/ 17731
Fem u rfractures ,48 lf482/. 497-498
Fencanyl, 364. 549 --
Ferguson hcmorrhoidectom)'.
1401-1402, 1403/
fermemation ,1321 - 1323
hialsiemcdls, ~
Fetalsmgcrr. 1896- 1897
Fetal wound healing, 153-154
o:- l'ctoprotdn ,698-6~
f.cvcr
bloodculrnresforcvaluationo(
255
de~nition o ( 254
Fevcr, b iliarytrecdiscaseassoci.,tcd
with , 1487
Fibcr,1321 - 1323
hberopcicbronchoscopy, l l i
hbrinandfibrinogenassa)'s .1843
Fi bringhic , 1993
Fi brinol)'sistcsting . 57/
Fibruadcnomas. l l i
Fi brobla.>ts, function of, ill
Fibrocystic breasc di seasc , 824
hbromuscularsubaonics~sis,
164J, 1643/
Fi b rom)'xoidsarcoma. 805/
Fibruneeiin , i l l
Fibruplasia , i l l
Fibro,dscularpol)'ps. 1032
hbula , 1822/ - cr""d isease ,1 4 90
f.i nc-nccdlc»pirat ionf>iop>y,
11!dil.
ofbrcm ,.82G.:.Jl2Z
for th )'ruidnodu lc,8 961,
~ 89 8/
Fingcrs,<·xtensorrnccha nistnof,
1978/
Fingolimod (FJ'Y720) ,1i28.
First -hit c<y ndmmc , BlJl
Fina -degree burn , 506, 507/
FiSiula inano, 1407=1408 , 1407 b.
1407/
clinical prcsen t;itionsof.
l'i07- l408
<rcatmcntof, 1408, 1408f1409/
Fistulas - Foll icular thyroidcarcinomo,
incomplicaied diver<icul itis,
1333, 1333/
inCrohn'scoliris. U52
Fixationprinciplcs , 467-470
cxicrnal , 467-468~
intcrnal , 468-470
incramedullarynai!s. 470,
472/ - 1649fl6SI/
pinsandscrews , ~ 468/
plotcs , 468-470
1ension f>anJs, jZQ_
pin< and sc rews, 468, 468/
Flai l chesc , 1603 -
Flapco\'trage,com ponents
scpar:ition and ,1 9 58- 1960,
1959/.1961/
Flaprcconsttunion , 1962
Flcur-dc-lisa!xlominop!asiy,1961
Flexible endoscope, as surgical
platfo rm , 398-399, 398f399/
Flcxncr,Af>rah ~
Flcxor tcndon , 1986- 1990, 1989/
"Floll ic> gribS , 1573-1 575
Floorof 1hecnouth , 12f
Fluconawlc,2 70t
Flucycosine,27 0t
Fl u id(s) , 44-97
l>od)'watcr, 81-82
colloids . 76-77
ctptalloids, 73 -74 , 741
:!1:~;~~~)~::'. ~~:;;~~:l{~~;i~;,:70
~ hucklc, 462, 464/
hypcrconic»l inc, 74-76, 75/
maim•nancc , 82-84.83"h,83r
J'<'riopera1i\•enrnnage1nemof,
Jil:.llj_
typcsof, 73-77
Fluid an d Gthctc r Treatment Trial
(FACIT). 555-556
Fluidandeleccrolycccherapy, 1859.
1859r - disia lphalangeal ~98
Fluid rc"'sci tarion ,69/
blc..Jing, 64-65
bloods ubs<itutc< , 77-78
damagcconc ro l. 2!L 70b
evolucionof, 67-73
frecze-dri..J plaoma, 79-80, 79/
historyof, 44-5 0
ma"ivetr:insfusion protocol,
71-73, 7 3r
with _L_L:._L -11
perHuorocarbom , 78. 7 8/
problemswith , 63~, 641
shock crcaccdwith , 55 5
mspcndcdanimation , .!!.!_
whol e b lood , 70 -71
Fluorodco•yglucoscpositton
emission tomography.bi lia ry
" F-flt1orodcoxygluco>Cposicmn
cmi5'iontomogr:1phy(FDG
PET) , 1544 - 1545
Fluort><jui nolone•. 2591, 262
Focal corc ical rese<:tion , 1925
Focol infla1 nrnatoryrnass, wi1hou1
sign ificant dilat ion of pancreatic
duct,1535·1 536
Focol n<xlularh)'pcrpb•io (FNH) ,
1456, 1456/
Focu:<e<rabdominalsonograpl1yin
tra um a{ FAST )scan , -1..!i::fil
416/
-
l'o!dsofHciscer, 14 2 5- 14 27
Foll icular cyst ,2029
clinical featuresof, 905 -906,
905f906f
pachologicdassifica1io11 of,
904-905. 905/
trcatmcncof. ~
Foncanof'<'ration,l649- l6SO,
Foot
diabctic.suDi;i bet icfoot
diag110<1ic imagingof, 477, 4 77/
softt issucctwcragcof,19{,9 . [97 0
Forearm , superficial,·enous
uansposi!ionof,1800-1801
Fo rearm venous transposition , 1799,
1800 <
Foregut ,1314 - 13 16
Forehead a nd bruw lif1 , l950- l 95 2
Foreignbody in gescion , 1026·1027
Fothergillsign,1125. 11261
Fourn ier gangrene , 2074, 2074/
Four-strand corcrcpair, 1989 ,
1989/
Fourth-degrccbutn , 507, 507/
l'ourth-generat ionceph:Josporins ,
=
Frac< ional cxcrctionof,.x!ium , 564
l' r:icc ional flowrcscrvc,forcomna ry
arierydiscase , 1665
Fraciures, 1997 , 1997/
acute , 462 . 463/
avulsio--;-;-
..16.i
f,.,,,.,m-
inchildren , 1999, 1999/
chron ic, -1@
co mm in11 tcd , 466/
defin ition of. i l l
diagnoS!icimagingof, 474-478 ,
474/ --
displacemen cof, 464 -46 5
aterna l fixa ti ono( ~
femur, ill::i2.B_
fragilit)'. 463
f,~7.:'.~~:;3~,2 ~~~J. 464(
immobilizatio n , 478 -47 9
intcmal hxorionof, 468-470
intramcdullary nails, f i l 472/
pin;ond scrcws, 468, 468/
pla tcs, 468 -470, 469j'
1ensio1~ 70 , 4 7 1/
inira-arc icular, i l -l
longbonc, 463-464, 465/.
.12Z:fil_
-
IT\etacarpal, 1998, 1998/
ofmid dl cphalanx ,andprox imal
phalanx , 1998
obl ique, _1§1.,_ 466/

pelvic
hemorrh agein , 491
>!ab ilizatio n of, fil
Young and Burgessdassification
of, 489, 490/
rc<l uction<7.""478-47'J
sc• phoid , 1998- 1999, 1998/
segmemat 464. 466/
spiral. 464.466/
strc., , 462
ri bial ;i:;;f;. _i2§_,_ 499t
tr~c!ion , .122
tr~nsvcr<c, 464. 46(>/
typesof, 4i)"I::465
hagility fracrnre. fil
Frai lty, 209-210, 210t,JJ9
Frank-Starling curve, 1699. 1699/
hecflap, !942
Frcc,c-d ricdph<m >, 79-80 , 79/
hcsh-frozen plasma,72/.73/ 568
hie<lfraihyphenotype, 339
Frontalsinuscs . Jilll
FTY720, 623<. 628
Full- 1 h ickncssc~on, _211!_
Full -d1ickncssskingr~fts(FrSGs) ,
1939
h ol minantcolitis
in Crohn'scolitis. J.J.21
in u ker.itivccolitis. 1344- 1345,
1345/
Fulmina111 h epa1 ic fail u rc, 638
Funct ional ovarian cysts ,2039-2040
honct ionalstatus. 2!.!2. 209b-210b
Functional (>t rcS>)1cS1',f<>rcoron>ry
army d iscasc ,1662- 1663,
1662b
Fu11 <la1nenrnlsofLa pa roscopic
Surgcry(FLS)program, 402
Fun<loplication,parcialvfnus -
complctc, 1050
Fungal infcctions, 265-270,
1596- I598 ,l5 9 7 }
am ifungal prophylaxisofsolid
organ tra nsplant recipients ,
.l@. 269b
A;p.rgillw, 267
Cnndidn"/b;;;,,,, 2Jj]_
cemralvenousc•thetcrs an<l ,
d iabctesmellitusand, 265.
in tcnsivecarcuni t and in vasive
mcd1anical,•rn 1il>tionan<l,
Jfil
malignant<liseaseand , 265
non -albicam Cattdida , fil
organ transplantation and
immonosu ppressionand . _lli5_
pad iogcnsof, 267-268
prcdictionof ~Candida
infection , 266-267 , 266b
prophylaxis , _l@, 269b
risk factor>for, 265-266
the ra pyfor, 268-270 . 270t-271t
inuri11arysptctu ,2074 -207 5
Zygomycctcs, 267-268
Fun icolussperm~067/
G G astricl>)'p>>s•u rgcr)'. nutritional
Gcdls, .JZ
Gaba pe m in , 388
Ga il mo<ld , fil
G ait , assessmmiof. 338·339
G ol>ctocde ,ll.26
Galacrnrrhc>, _815_
Galactoseelimination test. J.i36
Galacw>e-« (1-3 )-galacto.<.c,631-632
Gallbb ddcr, 1425- 1427
anawmyof.variationsin , 1428/
anomal ies of, 1427
polypoidlcsionsof,1511 - 1512,
1511/
Gallblad<lcrcanccr, 1512-1514
advanced disca><: in patient< with ,
lill
causeof. l5l2
aftercholecptectomy. __!_2!1
cl inical prcsentat io11of, 1513,
1513/ - 1214
diagnosis of, 15 13, 1513/
incidcnceof. 1512
incidcmal fi ndi ngs inpa1ierus
wi th , __1_2_!_i
pathology and staging of.
1512-1513, 15121, 1513/
patirntssuspcc1c<l of, l5 14
survivalfrom , __1_2_!_i -
treatment of, 1 51.~-1)14
G a llbbddcrfoss~
G allbladderpolyp,1 514
c . 11,wnc, i l l - 1218-1221, 1220fl221/
Gallstonc ilcus,347, 1506-1507
p resentatio11and di ag11osisof,
1506-1507, l506fl507/
treat ment of. 1507
G allstonep.rncrc at itis, 1496
Gamma probe localirntion, 231
G•rnma-glutamylira nspepi id=
(GGT) , 1435
Gancidovir,forcyrnmegalovirns ,
il51i
Gangliocytom>, 1912
Ganglioglioma, 1912
Gonglioncym, 2008 -2010, 2009/
Ganglionlllmo ~
Gar<lncrsyndrome, 751·758, 1361.
13681. 1u"ls0Familial -
adcnomatouspolyposi>(FAP)
Garlic , 2301
Ga>trtt!omy
metabolicd isturb.1nccs.ifter.
l1ll
syn<lromcsaftcr.>ee
l'o'1ga'1rcc<omysyndrnmc•
Ga>iricaccommodation, 1196
Ga><ricacidsecretion, 1192-1 195,
1193/
othcr p roductsof. 1 195
gastricjuicc,1195
intrinsicfactor,1195
mucusan<l bicarbonate, 1195
pep>inogen,1195
parietal cell. activation and
secretionb)',1 193- 1194
1 194/
p harmacologic rcgulad on ,
1194-1195
stimulatcdacidsecre! ion , 1 193
ccphalic p hasc ,1193
gastric p hase ,1193
imc><inal p hase,1193
Ga>1ricantralv"5cular<:ctasia
(GAVE). 1146-1147, 1147/
Gaotricatony. 1213
considerations in . i l l
Ga>iriccancer,345. lll1:12.1l
corn pliaucd, 1226
rom p lication ~ 227
Gasttica>ncct (Gmtinued)
d iagnosis and workup of.
!216-1217
>ign•andsymptom>.
1216- 1217
epidcm iologyof, 1213-1214
incidence, 1213- 1214, 12 14/
locallyadva n~
outcomes of. 122J:Ti27/
rccurrcncc ,1227
rnrvci lbncc , 122 7
pathologyof, 1216, 1216[ 12 161
riskfac10rsfor, 12!3-1 216, 1214b
dietaryf.1ctors .1214- 1215
!Ie/icobaaerpy/oriinfcction ,
h crcd i1a ry,an<lcanccrgcnct ics,
1215
01her,1215 - 12 16
poly ps, 1215, 1215/
proto n pump inh ibitors,
1215-1216
siagingof, 121 7-1221, 12 17 t,
1218~
com p uted tomography for,
J.211
endoscopic u ltrasound.ind ,
cn<loscopyand , 1218-1221,
122of122 r r - - -
lap aroscopy for, Jlli
positroncmi,.,ion tomograph )'
for,J1ll
workup, 1218- 1221, 12 19/
1tca trne111of, 1221- 1226
adjuvan t andncoadjllvant
thcrap)', 1225· 1226
endoscopic resection ,
1222-1224, 1222f122J/
lymph node dissection ,
1224 - 122~ 12241- 12251
palliat ivctherapyandsptcmic
therap)', !226
surgical tl1crary:-T221-1222
Gastriccarcino id , ll 'I0-1211
Gasuiccar<l ia,>lingfikrsof, 1043
Gastric funct ion, rcgula1ion oiil9 l
Gamic injmics, 439
Gamic j t1icc . l l 95
Gastric lesio ns, 1231 - 1233
Gastric lympho m a, 1227- 1229,
12281
Gamicmo1ili ty, 1195- 1197
ab normal. 1196
fusting.1195- 1196
postprandial ,1196
Gastric m ucosa, \ 190- 119 1
Gastric outlet obstruction , J1Q2
palliativeihcrapyfor, 1552
Gamicpcp tidc" 119 1- 1192
Gamicokers, 1207- 121 \. 1208r
clinial man ifcstationsof,
1207- 1208
d iagnosis and treatment of.
1208-1211.1209/
l> kcd ing , 1208- 1209
giant , __!1_!__Q
perforated , 1209
typc l, 120~
typellandlll. 1208
type JV, 1208
Zol linger-Ell ison syndrome ,
1210-1211, 12 10/
opera1 i"e1na11agcni<·ruof, 1!45
Gastricvarices ,1232 - <ly<phagiasccon daryto,!056
Gamicvolvulus .1232,1233/
INDEX
Gas1ric-c1n ptying
stlldicsof. 1196
aftertruncaland5t'le<:tive
v:igotom ics, 1213
Gawin , l\90t, l 19WJ92, 1 192t
Gastrinoma, 954-956, 954[ 1001.
1001/ - - -
d iagnosisof, 954-955
localiza t ion of. ~
treatmen t o f, 95~-9~6
Ga>trin-rclcasingpept idc(G RP),
1192
Gastri1is
alblinercA ux, ll_!l
strcss , 1145-1146. 121 1- 1212
pat hoph ysiologyof, 121 1
presentation and diagnosis of,
1211
prophy!axis, 12 11
treatmcn t of. 12 11- 1212
Gastroepiploic a rtery, 1673
GaS!rncsophagcal ju nc!ion , 1044/
mu<clc b~·crS of, 1044{
tumor, 1031/
Gastroesophageal rcAux, 1043-1044,
1868- 1869 --
clinical p resentation of. 1868
d iagnos isof,1868- 1869
treatm rn tof, 186')
Gastroesophagcal rcAllxdisease
(GERD) .344, 1021-1025 ,
lJllllllirl
antireAuxsurgeryand ,1046
clinia>lpresemationof,1045 -
1046, 10451
complicated , 1023·1025, 10251
descrip1io11of, I043
dysphagiaas...x:---r:u;::a with , 1049,
1049b
pulmo11ar)'disc"5Cand, l o46
recovcryof,1054
surgic;;rlmanagementof,
1051 - 1053
blo.it ingsccondaryto ,1056
co111plications , 1056
li"crinjuriessecondaryto.1056
2121
INDEX
Ga>troesopliagcal reAux disease
(GERO) (Conti,,ued)
operaciveccchnique, 1051·
1052, 1051f1052f
part ial fundoplication , \ 053 .
1054/ - apf><'n<liciiisin , 348
pneurnmhorax , 1056
splcnicinjuriessccondaryto,
--1.!llii
3(,0.Jeg rccfun doplicat ion ,
1052-1053. 105-3/
surgical d,crapy o!. 1023-1025
sym p wmsof, J04'i~
treat ment of, \050-1057
workup for, 1022
GaMroin!c>t inaTblct,J ;ng,
po><oi>erativc , 309-310,
30% --
350-35 1
ofappendicitis,348
ofbiliarytractdiscase,3 45-347
ofrnlonandrcctum,348-350
ofcwphag<"- 344-345
of )i,•cr,347
of small bowdobsiruct ion,
347-348
ofstoma<:h,345
Ga>tro intcsdnal sy<lcm . 1uafso
•pccificana1omy
burninjuryeffectson , 5 11
surgicalcri1icalcare, 56J::s64
Gastrointestinal tract . physiologic
changes.inprcgnancy. 2048
Ca>!roparcsis, trc~trncn ! for,
1196-1197
Gamoschisis, 1071. 1883- 1884
Ga><r<»tomy. 1!41
Gernturnmab ozogamicin. 71 9t
"Gcnech ipS . 701-702
Grnct hcrapy
sternccl l 1hcrapyand, l 57-160,
158fl591.l60/- -
woun<lhoalinguoeof. J.22
Gcneral ancsthcsi>, 377
General surger)' training,forvJScul.r
injury, 1823
Gencr~l i1.ab~l83-184
Gcnitalinjuries , 2093-2094
imagingfor, 2093-2094
managcmcntof.2094,
2094f2095/
Goni1a lia,exiernal, 1Q1I1Q12,,
2028/
Gmitourinary injllries,444
Genitou rinary tract conditions,
1885-1886
Ct)'ptorchi<lism , 1885-1886
tesiic ularwrsion, _i_afili
tcsticular1umor., l886
Genomic im p rinting, fil
2122
351
alx!ominalwall hernia in ,
350-351
brcmdisease ici,34 3-344
cardiothoracicdisease in,352-355
cardiovascular system in , 330·331
carotidar1cr)'disc>.\.cin,351-352
~:;;,'.~;; :;~;;n~~:~~ ' ;,~,35.337
353-354
fullsin ,338-.H9
glucosehomeosrasisin , Jli
hca<llrauma in,355
hcparnhilbry<)'st<:m in , .BJ
immunefunclionin , ~
lungcancerin , 354-355
pall i otivccarcfor. ~
par:ith)'roiddiseasein . .142-343
pauern,prcscn!a!i on,an<lna!ural
h istoryofd i.<ea><:in , 328,
330/ - forukerat iveool iti<. 1344
peripher>l,·ascular<l i><a>ein ,352
ph riologicdcclinc , 329·334
p reopcrativeassessmcnto(
.l1U.i!l
rrnal systcmin , 332-333
respiratory sr ccmiil,JJI ·332
smallbowelobstructi~
347-348
surger)'in , )27-359, 328<,
329/ ~
surgic-,, l de<:isionmaking in, 328,
33!/ - Gravcs<lisea.e . 892
thyroiddiseaS<"in , 342
tran>plantationin , 356
traumain ,355-356
valvercplacemem in , 354
Gcrmcd l1 u111ors, _!_fil__!_, 1894, 1914
German Olf-l'ump Coronary Arter)'
Bypass Grafts in Elderly
Patients (GOPCADE) trial,
G lucose-G-phospha1 t <ld1)'drogena«:
(G6l'D}dcficicncy.1561
Glucose-alan ine amino acid C)'de
lJll
G lucu,c-laccatcaminoacidcvdc,
lJll
GLUTJ. M2
Glutamine , 563-564
Glutealarterypcrforatorflaps, 872,
872f874/ - G)'nccomastia , 824. 1957-1958
G lu1cal-ha«:dflaps,liirbrca>t
reconstruct ion . 1!12
Glycemiccomrol, 125
Glycogen . 22_ - H l NI infl uenza , 560
Glycogenol)'sis . 22_
Glycol)'sis ,-1£
Glyco<am inogl)'ca ns, JA!:l
Goiter
cndemic, 889-890
muh in0<lubr, 89 3
nonfiinction ing. 893-894
subm:rnal. 893-894, 9 18-919
Golimurnab , 7191
Gonadal,·e in , 1728/ 1729/
Gonadal ,·e.,ds. 1095/
Goodsall .. rule, 1408, 1408/
G orcexd u<lcr1horacoab<lo1ninal
brAnchcndopros1 hcsis ,
1737-1738
Graft-vnrn1-ho<1disease, ii11
G ranuloc)'tcmlon)'·st imula1ing
fucror,28<
Granulocy1e-1nacroph age colony-
stirnula1ingfac10r,281, 711-712
Greatersaphcnousvein, 1673,
1673/IC.7'if. 1828j- 1829/
Grccnstickfractomos , 462-463,464(
GreyTumersign , 11261
Griffi1bpoin<, 1356
Groin -
anatomy of, 1093-1097,
1094f1095/
hcmiaof.1ul nguinalhcrnia
andthigh,softt iosuc
reconstruoion in, 1969
Growth retardat io n. inCrohn's
coliris, lJ22
Guanfadnc. ~
Gunshot wound s, 1808
Gustilodassificat ionsystcm , 1967
GuS1ilo-Andersendassifica1ion,of
openfractures. 482-48J, 483 t
Guyon canal com pression , 2007
Gynccologicsurgery, 2027-2052
ahcrn>tivcs10su rg~
intervention ,2039 -2040
ancillary costs , 2037-2038
clinical evaluation , 2034 -2038
clinical prescn t;it ions, 2035
diagnosticco11si<lctat ion<,
2034-2035
historyin , 2035-2037
agc . 2035-2036
contraccption ,2036
gynecologic d isease and
p rocc<lutc'>,2036
m<:nstrnalhistory,2036
pregnancyhistory.2036
ofprcsem illness, J!!lJ__
scxnal hiw>rv. 2036
pclvicembryologyandanatom)',
2.!22Z=2!lli
pliysicalcxamina tionfor, 2037
d uringpregnancy,2047-2051
Gyn<..:ologicsurgcry(Conlinued)
reproductive p hysiology,
2033-203~. 2033/
1cchnicala>pcc1>of surgica l
options. 2040-2047
menorrhagi 3/ab normalwerinc
l>lceding,surgeryfor,
2ll'1lbW1l
rn rgicalapproaches, 201ll
prcpubcrta l, 822-823
H
1-l, receprorantagonist. 1194
- dcs.cr il't ionof, 572
Hair)' cell lcukcn;;;l 562-l563
Half-life,25 1
Halmha ne,36 1r-362r
Halsted , \Vill iam , _6_. 6f 865
Halsted rest, 1604
Halsted'< liga111cn1 , JUQ_
H AMA '"'I""""· 717-7 18
Hamanomas, fil- -
in small inteSiine , JlZ!
Hand
bcn ignconne<:tivctissuerumors
of, 2008r
intrinsicrnus.clcof, 19761
Handsurgery, 1975-2026
American Board of Surgery review
1978- 1979
incisions . 1982,1985/
infections , 1999-2002, 2000/
musculoskdct al examination in ,
1979, 1983/1984/
nerve compression syndrome ,
2006-2007
neurova,.;11 larexamination in ,
1979.1981fl982/
0>1coortlirit is a nd rhcuma<oi<l
anlirit is, 2015-2018
2018/2019/
principles of ueaun~m in ,
1979-1983, 1984/
specialinvest igarionsin . 1979
tcnosynovii is, 2004-2005
tourni<J u<:tapplicalion fo r,1982
uauma .1983- 1999
amputation , 1996
cmcrgcncycontrol of h lccding
in . 1983-1984
frac1ur<.,anddisloca1ions,

Ha11d>urgery (Ctml;.,ued)
cendoninjuries,1986-19?1
vascularinjuries. 199-i -1996
tumor>, 20Q7-2013 2008t
Hand"'"""" 2007-2013. 2008t
Hangman fracture, C2,4221
Haploidcmical,602
Hard palatecancer, _EIT
Harmonic=ilpet 2J6
Harris- !lcncdict e<1ua1ion , ll.Q_
Hartmannopcr:uinn , 1327, 1327/
Hartmannpoucl» 14rs::f.r27
Hashimoto1hyroidi1is, 891
HIWXprorein(Hllx) , 6%-697
Head,vascularinjuryo ~
Hca<lan<l ne<:k, plastksurgcryof,
1948- 1953
Head and neck cancer, 788-818
AJCCsiagingof, 789 -790
alvcolus . 12§. --
ana tomic•itesof, 794-810
buccal rnuco<a, l2f11Z
CArdnogmcsis , 790·791
dinic~loverview, 792-791
ear, 805-807
cpidemiologyo( 789-790
eva luation o( l l i
Aoorof1hcmou1h , 79G
hn><>plmynx , 789.797-798
larynx, 798-802 --
lip, 794-795. 795/
lymphatic•preadof, 792.793,
792f79V
na<>lcaviiy, 802 -805
nasopharynx~5
normal hiS!ol .;gyor789
ora l cavi1y, 79S-802 -
ompharynx~
pala!c. 2£ -
paranasalsinuses, 802 -805
positronemissionwmography,
=
radicalneckdisse101ionfor, 1.21,,
794/
rccon>1rnc1ionfor, ..!!.!l.:ll.!!i 8 l 4/
salivaryglandn<"<>plasms,
~ 808b
sitcsof.7901
squamouscdlcarcinoma. 789-790
stagingof, 791-792 , 7911 - -
thcr>pcutic~f<>r, 793-794
tongue , 795 -7?6 --
Headand ~ons , 1860- 1862
Head and spine injuries. 1895
Head trauma. sre a&o Tr>uma tic
bmininjury
inoldcraduhs ,355
Healed "enousstasisulcer, 1835/
Hearingloss, 322
Heart failure, 1699- 1700
postoperati\'e, 300-301, }0lb
Hc•tl •·al,·e<urgcry, history of,
1691 - 1692. 1692/
Heanburn , ~_!Q12_
Heatmap, M.!_, 841/
Hcincke-MikuliC'lpyloropla"Y·
_@)1,_!lfil, !264/
HelicbbatNrpylori
dcsctiptionof,697
infection
ascause ofuker, 1197- 1198
asriskfactorforga•triccanccr,
\ 214
!fcamwnof, 1201 , 120 1b
HELLI' syndrome, in pregnancy,
2062
HemangioblaS!otna, 1913
J-lcmangiomas , 1456-1457, 1457/
2012
in small int cS1i nc,llZ!
Hcmatcmc5i>, \ 140- 114 1
Hematochezia, 1140- 114 1, 1378
Hema1ocri1,inas..,,singhemorrhage,
1140
J-lcma to logicsystcm ,218· 220
acute bk=1ing and tr~urna,
2 18-219,2191
antiroagulationmanagememin
Hematoma ,282 -283
cai.,esof,282
presentation and management of,
282-283
subungllal. 730
~:::::::::::::~::~~;11;9-W-
Hcmatoxyl in-eo,in staining. of
thyroidnuss ,910/
He111a1uria, with uri11ary rcieruion,
from blooddo!S , 2096-2097.
2097/
Hemidesmowmes. ll2
Hemi5pbcrcc!omy, 1925- 1926
Hcmobilia , lH.B., 1472-1474
causesof,_!1Z1
cl inical prcs.<:ntationof, 1472
diagnosticworkupof. 1~
outcomesof, HZ2::.11Z.1. 1473/
treat ment of. 1472-1473, 1473/
Hcmodynamic monitoring
arierialcaihetersfor,554
central\•enouscathetersfor.554
J-lcmoglob inopa thi es , 1561 - 1562
Hemolytic anemia , caused by
erythrocy1cenqmcdcficicncy,
156 1
Hemop<ysis,massi,•e, 1598
Hernorrhage
aotnegastrointestinaLsuAcute
gastrointestina l hemorrhage
kidney tr~nsplanta tion , 655
ukcrdi.<casc»<ociatc...!witb,
1202-l204, l2021- 1203t,
~ H<·paiocellularcarcinoma,
voriceal. suVar icealhemorrhage
Hemorrhagic shock , 50<, 553-554
Hemorrhoids, 1400-1402
evaluation of, 1400, 14001, 1401/
presenmionof,1400,14001,
1401/
trc.nment of. 1400- 1402
nonoper.itovc management ,
1400, 1402/
surgical treatment , 1400- 1402,
1402fl404/
Hemostasis, 1Jl:lll,_ 1676- 1677
in wound heal ing , 130, 131/
Hcmo5tat i c resuscitat~568
He111osuccuspa ncrea1icus, ll.4.ll_
Hcp.rin-induccd1l1rombocytopcnia,
567
Hepat icadonomas,i npregnancy,
2062
1424/,
Hcpai icbile,solll!e roncent ra1 io11s
0( 11321
Hepat ic disease , 375
Hcpatic di,·eniculum , 1419- 1420
Hcpat ic dt1ct, blood>upplyof. 1428/
H<·pai ic dllctconf!ue nce,var iations
of, 1427, 142 7/
Hcpatic dysfu nction. l.!.J.., 215/
1-lepalicencephalopathy,WestHaven
cdicriaof,5661
Hcpatichbrosi,, 40(
H<·pa1 ic iminodiae<'ticacidscan,in
biliary tree disease, 1488/
Hcpatic imm11n ecel l organ iz.>t ion
J'1
Hepaticinjmies,43 7-439,
437f438/437 t
Hepat ic insufliciency,2.fil
nu!fi1 ionalconsiderat ionsfor,
Hcpaticmicrocirculation, 1429-
1430, !430/
Hepatic resection, principles of,
1470-1472, 1470t, 147 1/
Hepat icstellatecells, 1430
Hcpat ictran ,plant ation , 1443
Hcpat icvcin5,ofliver, 1421fl422/
1425
Hepaticojcjunostomy, 639
l-lepat itisA.incidencc-;;l,!475
Hepat itisl3 , 147S - 1096/ 1101- 1103.
Hcpat i ti5 F\ ~ dcscriptionof,
.@!:ill
Hcpai it isC. 1475
livctttar1'phma1 ionan d,Ji38
recurrent ,..§11
Hepat itisCvirus. 6?7
Hcpat iti5 E, 1476
Hcpatobilia rycomplic>tions ,
J.12=12!)_
Hepawbiliarycondi1ions, 1880- 1883
bi l iarrdyski ncsia, 1882~
choledochalcyst,1881 - !882
cxttahcpa1ic hiliaryattc-sia ,
~ parac<0phagcal, 1059-1061
herc<li1arypancrea1i1is ,1882
pancreasdivisurn , 1882
Hcpatobilia rydisease, -126.
inprcgnancy. 2060-2062
Hcpatobiliarysystcm , 213·216,
216J, Jl.1 333b - -
Hepatoblastoma, 1464
1458- 1463
causarivef.>ctorsof,1458 - 1459
clinical presentation of, 1459
diagnosis of, 1459- 1460, 1459/
14601
l-kpatocyies .1130·1431 , 1430/
Hepatolithiasis , l1H_
Hcpatopulmonary,yndromc, 639
Hcpatorcn>l•yndromc , 564 -
HER2/neu r<-cepwr, 680 -681
Hcredi tary brca>!and ovatiancanccr,
l.i1l_
INDEX
Hcrc<li1ary~'1.11cer syndromes,
1366- 1372,13681
Hereditary d iffuse gastric cancer,
691t
Hcrc<litarynonpolypo>iscolorccul
cancer(HNl'CC),6911,
692 -693.1359, 13681,I370b
FAl'vmm. 1371/
Hcreditarypancrcatit is, 1542. 1882
Hcrc<li1arypapillaryrcn;r;:Jl
carcinoma,691t
Herc<litaryparaganglioma,6911
Hcrc<litarypl1eochromocytorna,6? l 1
Hereditarys pherocposi,, 1561
l-leritablcartcriopath ies . 1781
HcrniAS, 1092- 1\ 19, 1093b, 1093/
abdominal wall , 350-351
hiatal. suH iat alhemia
hydrocekandshurus,1931
in g11 inal, \ 884
.,nteriorrcpairs,1098
da,;,;ific-Ation of, 10'17. 1098b
dinicAl presentation of, 1884
complicat ionsof,1105 - 1106,
11051
diagno'i, of, _!_Q2.Z, 1097b
groin , anatomyo( 1093- 1097,
1094{'.1095/
incidcnccof, 1092-1093
laparoscopic rcpair,l09Sf
\ 102f ~
nonoperat ive management of.
l.!l2Z.:.l.illI
opcrati,·erepair,1098- 1103
prcpcri to ncalrcpair, 110 1
qualityof life,1106 -
•urgicalmanagcmcntof, 1884
ten , ion-frccan tcrior inguinal
herni a repair, 1100-1 10 1,
1100/
tissuc rcpairs. 1098- 1100, 1099/
trcatmentof, 1!22Z:ll!!J
mixed , 1044/
dinical prcsenmion of, 1059
dcscriptionof,1043 -
operativcrepairfor, 1059- 106 1
1 060f106lf1~
pathophysiologyof, 1059
prrnpcrativccvaluati-;;;;-;;-f, 1059
>1rangula1ionof,J06I -
recurrence,1 106
repair,resnl1'of. ll 03- l l 04
rolling .1044/
sliding, 1044/
unusual , 1113- 1116
Herpeticwhitlow, 200 1-2002
Hcterotopicpancrcas, 1231
Hiata l hcrn ia, 1043- 1064
d a"ihcarion of, 1044
gastrocsophagealreflu<dis~=
and ,1043- 1064
mixed , 1044/
rolling .1044/
sliding, 1044/
typd . IOH ,1 044/
Hiatalligarnctu , 1316/
HidradcnitissuppurAtiva, 1410-
1111, 14 10/
High-fre<juencywundwave
tecbni<1uc» 236
High ·sradedy•pbsia , 1033- 1036,
1033/
High-i111cnoi1yfocusedultrasound
(H IFU) , 398
2123
INDEX
Higli -rnol_,iliiygroupbox l ,30
J-ligh-pressurcinjectioninJ,;~
2002-2004.2003/
Hibrpbtc, 142 1, 1423/
Hinchcyclaosilicat ion , ordivcnkuhr
d isea><", 1333
Hip, d iagno<1 ic imagingof, 47S-476
l·lippocr.itic0.>th , 2!l_ --
Hirschsprun g's disease,1390 - 1391 ,
lmi.:.1811
cl in ical prc,.cntationof, 1876
diagnosis of, l876- 1877-:-T876/
surgicalmanagemcmof, 1377
Histamine , 1192
Histocompatibilityprotein s,60 1
Hittopf,,;maatpsultlum, 1596
Histopbsmosis, 1596
HlV-infe.:tcd patients and surgery,
2'8
HMG-CoA rcductase inhibitors , 552
Hodgk indise•se, 1562
Holstd11-l.ewis fracture, 499, 499/
Homrnstasi s, glum«: , 334.335/
Homoostenosis, 329. ITfJ
Hormonereplac-;;;;-;;utherapy, 833
Hormone-se nsit ive lipasc(HSL) , 100
Hor,.,antithymocyteglobulin , -
625 -626
HospiialCompuc , 1911-192<
Hospitaldisastcrresponsc , 590·59 1
goalof. 587 --
Host - detcctiono[ 1 191
""gicalinfectionand,241
tli erapyand, 243-244
Huggius,Charles , 1 1-12, 12/
Human bites, 200Y----
Human chorionic gonadotropin, in
teS<irnlargermecllttml<>r>, 700
Human hiswcompatibility complex ,
601 -604.602/
Human leukocy1eantige11 (HLA) ,
601
descriptionof. 706
typing, 603-(,04 , 604/
Human papillomavirus infection ,
m
Humeral sftaf1fractures, ~
500/
Humoral hypcrcakemiaof
maligmn cy. 92.926
Hunger hormone~
Hunkr,John , A. 4/
Huntor'<f><'rforator, 1829/
Hyalinemembr:ineclise.1sc , 1580
Hyaluronan . -11!1 - noveltherapeutkopt ions, 525
Hyaluronic acid,;nfctal wounds, 153
Hyhridirnaging, forcoronaryart~
di>ea>e, 1665
Hybridprocedure<, 1649,1682- 1683
Hyclaridcym, 1452- 1454,
1453fl454/
HydroC"~ rho11s, jn chemical hums,
528
Hyd ;;;;;phalus, 1905, 1926 -1 93 1
acme,1927
arrcoux!,1927
chron ic, 1927
d i11 ical foatumof, 1927-1928
1927
2124
Hydron>orphone, 549
3-1-ly<lroxy-3-met h"}lglutaryl -
coenzymeA inh ibi tors, benefits
of,552,552<
Hydroxyc1hyl •<>rch , 556
Hymenopter>><ing<. 54 1-542
Hyperabdunion test ,16Ci4
Hyperacuterejection ,61"7-620 . 6 19/
H)·pcraldostcronism, primarr .
.21l:.222
hiochcmical diagnosisin ,
973-974 , 974/
diagnosis and localization of,
-21.MZi
cpidemiologr and clinical features
nf. 972-973. 973/.9 73<
loc.ilh.at ~ 975f9 7(if
surgic~ l manage!.1ent and
outcom«, 975
Hrr<rharicoxygcn~ rapy,for
wound healing , 149-152
Hyp<:K'1kcmia, 91-92- -
in multiple endocrine 11copbsia
type __L__22S_
treatmemof. TI
Hyr<rcakcm; ccrisi> , .22.ll_
Hrr<rcoagulablestate. 184 1- 1842,
1842b
Hyperemia,wntof, 506, 506/
Hypcrgamincmia . 9 W
cau>esof, 95Sr -
Hyr<rglyccmia
inaiticallyi ll patie n t<,568-569
rnoder.ite,243
Hypcr-lgMsyndrome,610·6 11
Hypcrins ulinem ia, .&ill
Hyperkalcmi>. 88-89
treatmcnro f'.]2;89b
Hypermagnesem ia, 93-94
trcatnl<,ntof, _21 -
Hyperm ctabolic rcsponsc
auenuation o f, lli.:i2j
cnvironmcntal rnpport , 522.
523/ - Hypothyroidism , 305-306,888b,
exercise and adjunctive
measures, fil
hypcrglycemio;iftcrburn injury,
=
insulin , 523-525 , 525/
in>ulin-likc growt h f3c<o r,51.2
metform in, 525
nonpharmacologic modalities
of. 521-522
nutritionalsupport , 521-522":-
5211 --
oxa11drolone, 522-523 , 524/
pharmacologicmodalitiesof,
lli.:2ll
propr.tnolol. __gJ_, 524/
recombinanthumangrowtli
hormonc, fil
inburn injury, 508-509.
510/513/
Hyr<rnatrcmia, 85-87
Hrr<rparathyroicl ism , 925-926
inmuhiplecndocrine11cx.plasia
type ~
primary, 927. 927;
diagno~f.927•. m 929b
in mult iplc cndoc rinencoplasia
type 2. l 009- 1010
Hyperplasia, 789
Hypertcsona;;;:e;- 1125
Hypcrsplonism , 1562
Hypertension
abdominal, 1129, 1129;
portal. 1'i36-J<i45
hlced ingrdatcd to , 1148-1151 ,
1149/
Hyperilicrm icisola1ed limb
pcrfusion(H ILP), 742, 742/
Hypcrthyroidcrisis, 304-305. JOSb
Hyperthyroiddisorders, 892 -893
H~·pcrthyroidism , 892-893
Hypcrtonic.,linc Auid , 74-76, 75/
Hypertonicsal incw!utiOll:itlbum
resuscitat ion , 514
Hypcrtrophicgastr-;;;;:- 123 1
l-lypcrtrophic pyloricstcnosis ,1869 ,
1870/
H~·pcrtrophicscar< , 141-143, 142/
linear.1.11::!11 _ _
prevemionof, l.1.b 144<
widcsprcad , _!i}
Hypoalbuminem ia, 1435
Hypoalirnentation , 126
Hypoc,.kc mia , 90-~920
treatm entof,~ ­
Hypoca loricnutrit ion ,-12!i
Hypoglycemia, 1433
Hypokalcm ia . .s.8...9.1
Hypninagnesem ia, 93
Hypnnatrcrnia , 85-87
l- lypoparathyroi~ 90,920. _225_
Hypopharynx . 789 , 797·798
Hypopl.,ticler.-i:;;:;; rt syndromc
(H LHS), 1647- 1650, 1647/
Hypn1l1alamic-p i<uitary-adrenal axis,
2ful_
Hypothenarhammcrsyndrome ,
1994-1995
Hypmhcrmia , 53-56, 245. 287-288
causcsof, ~ --­
dassificat ionof, 541
pre>entat ionof, lfil!_
treatm cnc of. _zfil!_
Hypothcsistest ing, _lfil_
H~·po1hcsh-tc'1ing studics ,--11.1
=
causcsof,305
phamiacologic, 891
diagnosisof. 891
trcatmrntof,89 \
postradiat ion ,890
pnmurgical. 890
pre>entationanddiagnosisof.305
trcatm cntd. 305-306
Hypo,·cntilation ,.J1\1
Hypnvcntilat ion>ynd romcof
ohc<ity,1167
Hypo,·olemicshock,553-554
Hypoxemia, .183_
Hrpoxi» __L1{i
Hypoxia-induciblcfactor J_i!:!!£:!1
Df:l32
Hyotcrectomy, 2o43.2046
potentia l complicationsof,2046
r-.tdicalhysterectom y, 2046
technj<jllC in , 2043-2044,
2044/20~
l
lauogenicblceding, 1148. 1 148/
lbritumomab (Zev.ilin) . 221
lb ritumomabtiuxctan , 719t
Ideal boclywcight(IBW} , lfil
-
ldiopathicpancrcai itis ,1532
ldiopathicpulnion•ryfibrosis(ll'F) ,
IJ iopatl1ict h to1nbocywpe11ic
purpura, 1559- 1560
lgAnephropathy,65 1
lblchymc , 1327
llc.ldivcrtic~282- 1284
clinical manife;tat ionsof,
1282- 1283, 1284/
incidcnceandcauseof, 1282,
1283/
trntmcntof, 1283·!284
llci1is ,1J49
llcocecal reseetion,forCrohn's
rolitis ,1353
lleostomy, 1328-1329, 1329fl330/
physiologic considerations and
pranial irnpliationsof,
lJl.Z
Jleu<, ~ni£ 1254b
causesof, J06, 306b
;;e:n~~·~~:;--~06-307
lli~c Ctc<t osteocutaneous free A~p.
J!iliWi
Jliac,·ein ,exttrn al. 1829/
Jliacu•muscle , 10%/
lliococcygcus m11<d c, 1093/
lliofcmoral gralting, 1739
lliolurnbatlyrnpl1n~l849/
lliop'°"ss ign , 1126<
lliopubictract.1094fl095/
repairof. 1099/
lmagc-guidedablativcthcr.ipies, J_2l!_
lmatinib, 766
forgastrointestinalstrotnal
turnots, 1280
Jmmobifo.;uion, of fracture, fil:1Z2
Jmmllnefunct io n , 221,, 334b
Immune rcsp<>11'c , _l5_. 598-599
lmmunc•ystcm , 2 18
buminjuryeffectson , 511-512
con1pnne11tsof, 25, 26/ --
lmmllnetherapy -
forchronicrenal infl ammation , _1_1
fo r inAammatoryhowd disease,
Sl
lmmunethrombocytof><'nicpurpura
(!Tl'), 1559-1561. 1560b
lmmllnity
ao:piircd . 601·616
innatc.rulnnatcimrnunity
tran>plant ,616.617
lmmunization , forsplenectomizcxl
patiem , 1567- 1568. 15681,
\ 569/ - -
lmmllnobiology. transplantation
~
1334
lmmunoconjugate" IB
lmnrnnocd iting , 687-688, 688/
lmn1llnoglobolin-, -
G , 7 18

imra•·enous i1nmu11 t globulin ,1ill
JAKJ kinaseinhibition , -62.!l.
afterlivertramplantation . .frii
lymphocytc<lcplct ion
prcpar.uions , 625-627
malignancy risk . ~
mammaliancarge1ofrapamycin
inh ibitors , fil
molecularmcchanismsof,625/
muromonab .CD3 ,G23t,G26
mycop hcnobtc mofcti l. 624,
.fil!.8ill
nonimmunesi<ledf,,.,,,, 62?-6.~0
protcinkinaseCinh ib ition , Jil!l.
riruximab, fil:J_
small bowel ttari>plarHa t ion ,
~ chcsi , 424-432
tacrol imus, 6231, 624-625.
fil!!Bl
lmmuno,upprc'5ivedrug,, 62Jt,
filZ:.G1B_
for Crolrn'sdi.ea<e , 1261
lrnmunosurvcil bncc , fil
lmmunotherapy.forsepsis, 33-35
Impedance plethy>1nography:J843
lmpl.rntablcpump5 , 1924
lmpl.1nt-bascdhrca"recon"ruct ion ,
m ne<:k, 423-424
lrnu r> n.;uA,,a1hioprine
Inciden tal appendectomy,
1305-1306
lnddcntaloma , 985-986
dinicalcvaluation and su rgical
managemeni . 986. 98 7/
cpide1niologyand ~reiuial
diagnosisof. 985-986. 986/
lncisional hemi• . I 109:Jl091
rcsuli<of,1112 - 1113, 11141
lncont incncc. 1122:..!12Z
fecal , 1395-1 3%
uriuary,2076-2077
lndi rectallorecognition , 620/
Indirect calo rimetry, 110
lnducc.Jplud1x><cnt ~1ccll,;
(iPSG), \ 63,165 . 169
Inducible pro ~lo:T3TI32
lnductionagem . 362-~
lneffectiveesophage•lmot ility
(IEM) . 10 19
lnfant ilchy<lrocephalus, 1927
lnEmtilcumbilical hcrn ia, 107 1
lnfarction . 12Z.:122
lnfened necrosi>. l 529-1 S~O .
1529fl5JO/
Infections
•nirnall_,iieriskfacwr<for,536b
approachto , 569-570
breast . ~ --
of che>< wall , 1603
chronichcpatitisCvirus, 638
C/ouriJ;,,,,, dijficd,, 1353:]}55,
1354{
rnlonic,1355-1356
comro! o( ~ 214·24 5
feverand , 569-570
fungal. suFungal;nfec1ion.<
imm1mosupprcs,ion risk , .622
in ill!cnsivca>reuni1, 2G2.:51.l
:~:;:~i'~~\:~i~~~lantation, ill
in 'mall bowel tr.rn , plant>tion ,
Jill
surgical.1eeSurgia>linfe<:1ions
su rgicalsitc.u,Su rgicalsirc
infect ion
urinarytract.suUrinarytract
infections
woundhealingatf<"Cied by, 146
lnf<'Ctiouscoli1is , l l 54 - Il55, -
1353- l356
lnfoctiousd iseases. ofliver
!445- 1455
t umor-promoting, .6.8.1
in wound healing, 130, 131/
lnflanunawrybowd J;:;:;;se (IBD),
% -.H . l.D9-UB
clinical prcsentationof. .JZ
diagnosisof, Jl
immunc>etivation;n, JJ__
immunctherapyfor, 37
11uiri1ionalconsidera;T.;;,.;,,,--1.24
pathophysiologicchangesof.
..lGoJ.Z
inprcgnancy, 2Jlfui
Crohn'sdi<casc, 2064
surgcryin , .2ll.G1
ukcrati\'ccolitis , 2064
lnAammatory response . 25-43
lnAorablepcnile prosthesis. 2082/
lnfliximab, for ukcr~tivccoli!is,
1344
l11gu inal hernia (Conlinurd)
nonoperat ive management of.
1097-10<)8
opcrat ivcrcpair,1098 - 1103
prcpcritoncalrcpair, 110 \
qualiiyofl ife, l l06 -
surgi.:al 1nanagen1cmof,l884
tension· free anterioringuinal
hernia repair, 1100- l \ Ol.
1100/
tiS>t1crcpai .. , 1098- 1100, 1099/
trea1mem of, 1097-110~
lngu inal ligamcm , 1066- 1067, 1093/
lngu inal lymphnodes , 1849/
lnhalational,,gcnts, 360-362.3611
lnjectablcfillcr<,1953
Injection <dcro1hcrapy, 1835
Injury - pneumoniain , 559
abdomen , 432-444
grcatve,.d , 443-414
br.iin , 417-420, 418/
cardiac~
chest wall, fil
colon , 442-443
diaphragmot ic, ±g_, 432/
duodenalinjuries ,439-440
esophagcal. 431 -432
ga>tric,439
gcnitourinary, 144
hepatic,437-439. 437f438f 4371
maxil lofacialrcgion , 421-423
mctabolicrcsponscto,99/
pancreatic,440-441,440/
pelvisandcxtrcm itics, 14-1 -416
pleuralspaceinjuries, .12& 428/
pulmonary, 428-429, 429/
scoringof. ..1.ill:1.!.L. 4 11t
smal!bowel, 44 1-442
spinal cor<land•·cf!ebralcolurnn,
420-421. 1 20/
splenic, 435-437 . 435f4361
thoracic~J0-431. 430/
trachcobmnch i ~
lnjuryseveritydisiribution,ofmass
ca>uahy iucidems , 587, 58 7/
ln jurySeverityScore(I SS)."4 10-411
Jnlay patch ,450r --
Inlet vcntrkularscpt>I defect , 1629
Innate immunity
dendrit iccells. 600-601
de>criptionof, 599-601,600/
monocyre;,600
notura l killcrcdb,60 1
lnncrthigli-h"-'<-.Jflaps,forhrc>St
rcconS1ruc1ion, .HZ1
Jnotropesandpharmacotherapr.
1677
ln'1itutionalRiskManagemcnt,
l.!IB:.!fil
lnstrumcntal vuiableanalysis, --1.82
lnsulin , .2'.i.J
forbllms, lli::111
intensive , l2i
sccrctionof, 944
synthc;is. 94V
lnsuli11oma ,950/ 952-954.
i!l!Udllll2 - -
lntactvcntricularseplllm,pulmonary
atresiaand , 1636- 1637
:~::::~~~ 612
l111ensi•·ccut un i1 (1CU)
acu1ekid ncy injury in,564
analgesiain , 548-549
INDEX
ill
bctablockcr>f<>r, 552
ca1hctcr-as,1COCiatcdurinarvtract
infection in, .2ZQ_
cemralvc11ousca1hc1erSin, 570
confusiollassessmen t meth,;Jfu r,
2:iZ:i1B.
dy<rhythmi.s in,553
cnd -of-lifccarc,573-574
hyperglywniain , 568-569
infectionin. 569 -57 1
long-rerm outcomes in , 572-573,
573,
painand discornfortin , 548-550
paralytic•in , 550 --
prophylaxisin , 57 1-572
pulmonary embolism in , 567
lmerforon >lfu-2b,740-741
lnterfcron-0: . 281
dcscriptio nof,685
forneuroendocrinelllmors. 1276
l111erfcron-f\ , 28r, 7 10
[ntcrfcron -y,28t, _j_l
wound -healing role of. 134
lmerleuki11 - 1. 27 -30, 291
lntcrlcukin-lo: ,281
lmerlcuk in-lf\,28r
~ 281
Tntcrlcukin -J, 28t
lnterlcnki n-4 28<, Jl.
l merleukin-5, 281
lmerleukin-6 281, 1Q., l34
lnterlcu kin-8. 281, JQ:.iLlll.:.lJb
134
[ntcrlcukin-9, 28t
Interleu ki n- ID 28t, J2
lmerleukin- l l , 281
lmerleukin- 12. 281, .11
lntcrlcu ki n-13. 28r
~ .J.l
lntcrlcukin- 17A, 281
lntcrparict~I i.~rn ia,11 15
lmerrup1cd aorticarch,l644- 1645.
!645f16 46/
lntcrscction;yndromc,2004, 2005/
lnte>tinal atre>ia , 1870- \871 , 1870/
lmesiinalfailure , 666
lmesiinalfailurc-asrociatcdliver
disease (IFALD) , 666-667
2125
INDEX
l nH."Sti 11alfio1lllas , ~ 3171
lnccst inal lymphrrnnk, 1849/
Intest inal ma lrocacion,an<l midgm
volvullls ,1871-1873
abnormalintc>!irdrotation , 1871
d inicalpr<,<etua<iooof,
!87 !- 1872
diagnosiso( J1..Zl
surgical management of,
1872-1873, 1872/
In test inal mctapb>i>. 1050
lnk>1 inalob>1ruction-
inCrohn'scoli1is, 135 1
inpregnancr. 2049
ln rest ineallograli, incombination
with abdom inal organs ,
JililiQ!)_
ln k>t inctransplaota1ion , indica1ions
for. ~ 667r
ln tr.>-alxlom inalabscc'5,i n Crohn',
colitis. lJ51- \J 52
lntra-alxlomioal hernias, 108'>-108~
ln tr~-alxlomiml infections , 250-25 1
lnc ra-abdominalpressurc
increaml. 1043
monitoring-;;(1129, l l 29t
lntr.>-aortkballoon pump , 1677
l1ura-articubrfracturc, _:!@-
lntra-axialbrAintumor<, l910-1912
lntracdlularprocessing.dfacs, 1243
l mracran ia! dynamics ,1900- 19-0~
190 lf1902/,1901t
lntr.>cran ial CJ<ccS5vol11mcsyndromcs
andtherapy,1901t
l1uracra11 ial 1urnor>, 1909, 1910/
In tractability
inCrohn'scolitis. 135 1
inulccrativccoli1is,1345
ln tr.>ductal pa pillary nrn dnous
neoplasm , 1538- 1541
brancliduc1 , 1538 -1 54 0,
1539fl540f 1539r
mainducf , 1540-1541 . 1540/
mixcd-<n"'· 154 \
rn rgical rcscct ionfor, 154 \
ln traepithdial lymphocytes ,
1245- !246
lnrrahcpaticcholaogiocarcinoma
(IHC}. 1463-1464
ln tr~hcpatic prcsinu<oida l
hypcncmion, ca"'cof, 1437
ln trameJullarynails, 470, 472/
stobil i:uuion, 779/-
lo · transi t melanoma , 728/ 741-742,
742/ --
ln traopcrat ivcchohngiography. in
hiliary tree di<ca«: , 1490, 1490b
ln traoperative imaging,and
nonitwasivef'\•a luation , lfil.f
ln tr.wpcrat iveinstabi lity,potcntial
e>usesof, -1l!!:1ll_
an aphylaxis, 1.11
latcxallergy. 231
malignamhyp;;:-thermi" , 231
myocardial infarction , ±JQ-
pncumothorax , 230-231
pul monaryembolism , 230
wrong-sitesuri;eryand--;;-;;-;,..,,.al
pro!ocol , 23 1
ln traoperat i vene~nonitoring,for
substernalgoiter, ~
ln tr.wpcrativc PTH assc"mrnt ,
934-935. 935/
l1urapcritonealmoshplace1ncm,
111 1. 1 111/
lntrathoracicgrcatvessels, 1817-18 18
2126
l11travasa1io11 , .6S.6
ln t ranscu!arultra>0nography.for
coronary artery disease , 1665
lntr»·cnou<agcnt ,362-365
ln tr»·rnuusimmuncglohulin
(IVIG) , f i l
for C. diffir!/,;coli1 is, 1355
ln travcnous p>ticnt-controll ed
analgesia , 388-389
lntrin<icfactor,1 T95
lntrinsicmn<clc,uf h and , 19761
lmrinsicmuscul ature,ofdistal
esophagus, 1043
[n tuss11sception ,l879
lnvasivcpreoperotivcl0<alization ,
931, 932/
lnvas~uhularcarcinoma ,839/
lnversionmipping, 1837/
lnvenehrates,e1wenoma1ionby, _54l
[nvertogram , 1877
Iodine
d eficiency of, mciaholic
con.<cqucncc; o f, 889-890
meiabolismof, _B_fili - -
lonizingrad iation , -2ll2
wound healing affected hy, __!__iZ_,
147t
1pilimurnab, 719t
hd1 crn ia,colonic
indicat ionsforsurgery. 1359b
managementof, 1358/
nonocdusivccan•c•of, 1356
hchcmiccoli ti, , lJ.iG:::l1i2
auatomyof, 1356
cau>c< of, 1~~6
da,.ificationof, 1357
diagnosisof, 1357
prcscnt>tionof,1357
treatment of, 1358-1359. 1358/
algoriihmfor, 1357/
lsd1tmicdika<e , 552 -553
lschcmichcartdisease (IHD) , 1658
lschemicorchiti•. inguinalhernia
rcpairand ,1106
b:hial tubcrositic" 1'!67
lslc1cell{s)
hi>101norpl10logyof, 94 1-942
rraosplantatiooof. 6~663
959-960 . %0f --
i>c~chni<1 ucsfor, @
ou!comcsof, ~
lsle1cellrnmors,molcculargenetics
of. ..21i;21Z
l>0H11 "1 ne,361,361t-362t
l>0latcd intestine transplantat ion ,
668, 668/
Twla ;;:Jlimhpc rfusion,
hyperthrnnic ,742. 742/
l>0latcdsplenicvein1hrombosis , l 4J7
ho cells , 1430
ltraconnole,270t
JJ pouch , 1380. 1380/
cstimat ionofleng1li. 1347/
ilcal.ucationof, 1346/
Jap.>nCliniolOncologyGrouptrial.
llill_
~:~::~· ~:~c~:;~'.~'~4~;~ase, ~
Jejunaldiverticula ,1282- 1284
cl inical m>nifcsta1ionsof,
1282- 1283, 1284/
incidenceandca useof,1 282,
1283/
treatment of, 1283-1284
K Kwashiorkor, 105-106
Kantor string sign , 1257-1258
Kaplan-Meier method , 180
Kaposisarcoma. 750 -
Karapandzic Rap , -125
K.,r,inoide, Jlll
K.,.,bach -Merri tt •yndrome, \ 457
KaS;oi portocn !ctostom y, 188 1/
Kasaiproadurc , 639
Kava,2301 - L.ctulose ,566
Kawasaki disease , 1780- 1781
Kchr<ign , 1126t
Keloids , 141-143. 142/
f>tCYC1~ 42, 144t
Kcralinocyics, 137
Keratoacanthom;:-.[Q§.. 2012
Ketomine, 362-363. 3631. 557-558
Kctoconnole, 2701
Kcvorkiancurct , 2040
KiJ,, ey. 964f967/
ana tornyof, 2068-2069
failure of."~ Renal fail ure
Kidney Donor Profile lndex (KDPJ) ,
651. ~
postoperat ive~"'" in , 653
pn<w1x:rativccorn plicat ionsof,
655 -657
ar<eri al;wwsis, 656,656/
arterial rhro mbosi•. 656
hemorrhage, 655
infcciions, 657
lyml'liocd ;G57, 657/
urologic,656=6"57.657/
venousihrombosis ,656
prcscrvationand5toragcfor,655 .
655•
pr0<edurcsfor
laparoscopic ,652
opentcchniq uc . 653
procurement"ndpreparation
for,654-655
rccip icntopc ra tionin ,655
Killer inh ibito ry receptors , GO!
Killiac>'sitianglc, 1019
Kirschncrwirc•, __i(ili_
Kleihauer-!letkc •~st, for :t>SCSS!11~ru
offotomaternaltransfusion
-2!lG5
Knee
dbgnu.,icimagingof. 476, 476/
50ftt issuecoverageof. -
1969- 1970
Kochcr,lheodor, _li, ll/
Kocher mancU\·er. 1546
Kock l'ouch , 1345
Koilocy1o:ds. _lltl
Kommerell di,·~niculum , 1651
Kukhiiskycells , !272
Kupffcrcclls. 14W-
L
l}-bctam allergy. 262
l}-bcto m omi bim~ 258- 260
L>c1asc ,1241t --
L.ctote, _lfil
Lictatcdcfici1 , ..21:2J
Lactobaci!!u1, l 320.132 1
Ltg p hase,ofwoundhcaling. 137
L.mina antcrior, 1086/ -
L>minapapyracca , 802
Lunino posicrior, 1086/
L:uninopropria, 1240
Ltminins . 140· 1-;rr-
L.ndSleiner, Karl. l\
l..oparoscop icadju" ahlcgastric
handi ng (LAGB) , 1163- 1164,
1168- 1169, 1 169fll71/
complic>! ion sof, 1179- 1181 ,
ll80t
resu ltsof. 1177-1 178,1177t
1..opamscopicanti rcAux surgcry
(LARS}, 1043, 1054
complico1io-;;-;-;:;r. J055-1056
Laparoscopicappendecwrny.348,
1297. 1300,1302/
openappendcctomywnus,
1302-1303
l..opamscopiccholccystcc1omy,
1132
foracu1cpancreati 1is,
1528-152')
forcakulousbiliarv d isease,
1498-1500, 1498f1499/
1..opamscopiccommonhileduct
explorat ion, forcokulousbiliary
disea>e, 1500, 1500/
L.paroscop icdistal l'ancrcJtectomy
{LDJ').forexocrin epancrc.»
ad cn<><-'<rci noma , 1547
1..oparo<copicbteral tran<ab<lominol
adrenalecwmy. 988 -990
po1icruprepara1ion and posiiion ,
988 , 988/
!echnique in,988-9?0
lchadrcn ol , 988-989,989/
rigli t adrcnal ,966f967/
989-990,990/
L.paroscopicNissenfundoplication ,
}44
L.paroscop ic
pa11crca1icoduodenec10rny,
1549.1550
L.paroscopicslcevegastrcctomy.
1173-1174, 1175/
com plic.iiunsof, 1180t, 1182,
1182t
resuhsof,1 179,ll79t- 1180t
L1paroscopicsplcncctomy, elec1ivc,
1564-1566, 1565fl566/

1009
gastriccancerscagingand , 122 1
kidncytransplantation , 65 ~
suging,foradcnocarcinomaor
exocrine pancrea.,1545
in ukerati\•ecoli1is ,approaches
for, 1Yi9
Laparotomy. bedside, 579-581
::~:-~:;::ii :::::1~~i~." ;'7~g36-1339
Laryngeal nerve
n1oni10ring, 935
nonre<:urrcn ~ 88Jf884/
recurrcnt , 8 11, 812/ 882-883,
ss3f915f no.--..nxr-
•urcrior, 8 11, ss2.8s2/ -'11fl
Laryngealpapi!fo--;;:;a(osis, 799
Laryngealprc..,rva1ionsu,:ge-;-y, 800
La ry nx , 1575 - Ligamentousinjmic--;--
canccrof, 798-802
rcgionsof, 798
tr~nsplanta~ of. ~ 816/
Lasers,235-236
Lateral accessorysaphenous,·ein ,
1829/
La teral band , 1978/
Lateral fernoralcu1ancow;11ct\'e ,
1096/
Lateral marginal vein ,1828/
Lateral perforawrveins , 1828/
L:ucr.il rectal stalks/ligamcnt5 , 13 \ 4
L~tcx allergy, 231
Lnissimus <lo-;:s;:-106?/
Lati>simusdorsiflap,fotbtcasi
tCCOllS{tuCtion ,869f870b
Lauren classification system , 1216,
12161
lca nbodym>5s. 107
Lcfcadrenalglan J.9ii4f965f
Lefiadrenal\•cin , 964/96 5j
Left atrium , 1695f
Lcfrbund!ebranchblock,555
Left coronary Ct1>p , 1694{
Lcftfilrnn,,trigonc, 1694J
Lcfi inforioradrcnalanery,
964f965f
Lcft infcriorph reo icartery,
964f965f
Left infcr iorph rcnicvdn ,
964f965f
Lcfc intemalmammaryarcery, 1672,
1672f1673f - funccionat l421 - l428,
Lcftk idney.964f965j
Lcftlymphaticduct . 1849j
Leftrnaincoronary, 1694j
Lcftrcnalartcry.%4f965j
Lcfcrenalvein.964f965f
Left superiorrNroesophageal
par.nhyroidadcnoma ,924{
Left ventricl e, \ 695j
l.ef1vcn1riculorancurysrn ,
1681-1684
Lcfcvencricularassiscdevices,
556-557
lcftvcn tricularcnd-d ia<tolic
(LVEDJ volume, 22., 60j
l.ef1 \'ctuticuloroudlow1rac1
obstruc!ion(IVOTO),
lfi40-161~
Lcfc,·encricularsystolicdysfunction ,
1668
l_,,g,wfrtissuccovcr:igcof,
1969- 1970
l.eiomyornas , 1032, 1032j
Lciomyosarcoma . JJ!
Lc1nigon1align•rnda11oma,
729-730 . 729!
Lentiviralvectors , i l l
Lcptin ,.2:H
Lc<MOt'3phcnousvcin , 1828j
Leukemia,1 562- 1563
Le"koplaki a, 789, 790f
lcvatorh iatu~ l4
lcvator mu>dcs, 13 15f
Lichcnamyloidosis,cu!anrnu<, 1005
Lich1cns1cin1cn>ion-frcc rcpair,-
1100-110!.1100J
Lidocaincdearance 1esc, 1436
Li -FrJumcn i •yndrome, 690-691 ,
6911,754
Ligamcntfundiforrncpcnis, 1067J
Ligamcnt inguinalc. I067J
LigamencofBerry, 882
LigamemofTreirL,1238
dc,.;rip rion o( 465
irnrnobilizatior;-;:;r;- 478-479
Ligamcnturntcrc;, 1419
Lignin , 1321-1323
Limb>al,·age, 483-484
lim ited .iagc,158J
Linea alba , 1070j
Linca secnil unar, 1070J
l.incarhypcrtrophicscarS , 142-143
Linezolid , 1§! --
Linitisplascic>. 1227
Linolck acid , _lll
Lip,cancerof, 794-795, 795j
Lipids --
con icnt of, in patctHcr>I nutrition ,
=
metabolism of, 100-101, l OIJ
jnlivcr, 1433- -
Lipodcrmatmdcrosis , 1832j
Lipoglycopcpiides, 260
Lipulysis , 98-99. 10lj
Lipoma, 2orr:Io12, 20 1 lf
in small jmes1ine, Jlli
LiJK>matou>tumor>, 762-763,762J
Lipopulysaccbaridc, 132-133
Lipo>uction , 197 1 - -
Lisier,Joseph . 6 -7 . 6J
Livcr,J17,107QT l418- 1481
abnormal,cvalua tiono L M1.::!!12
abnorm alidcsinprcgnancy, 206 1
aduh ,1420- 1421 - righ1lohcdisscctionf.>r,
anawmyof, 14 19 -1 436
142lf1423f
gross, 1419- 1421
microscopic , 1428.1431
bucarcaof, 1419
de,.;rip cionandtopographyo(
1419, 14 19/
development of
cmbryolograod , 1419- 1421,
1420f
futurc ,1435
functional unicof,1 428-1429.
1429f
functionsof, 143 1- 14J5
assessment of, 14J5- 1436
bilefor111a1io11as ,1432,14321
biliruhin metabolism as,
bloodflow>.5, 14 31
carbohydratc mct>bolismas ,
143J
coagulaiion,1 434
d rugmcrnbolismas , 1434
energyas, 1131
recurrempyogeniccholangicis ,
illilill
lymphatics of, 1428
nervc•of. 1428
physiologyof, 1419·1436
<p<"<'.ificdiagnostic!c>tsfor,1436
Liverbud ,14 19-1420
Livercelladenoma(LCA) ,
J.iliolill
Liverdi.ca>c
chronic ,565
intest inal failurcasroda!c<lwith ,
666-667
parenceralnutritionas<oeiated
with , 666-667
Liverfunctiontcst ,-61.4
Lil'<ctiransplanmion , 637-648, 1443
cn11traindica1 ionsof, ~
earlycomplicationsof, 643-644
extende<lcri teriadonors, .fri1
hcpatitisRand , 638-6J?
hepat itis Ca n<\ , ~
hisroryof, fil -
im n1unosupprcssionaf1cr,-645.
ind icar ionsfor, 637-640. 6J8t
li,·edonor
dcscriptionof, 640-('41
l cft l ubcdi-."--c1~HJ.,
643f
np<raiionfor, 642 -643
p iggyb ac~ tec llniqUel-Or. 642
postoperativecornplicaci ~ f,
Ml
642 -643, 643!
segm~epate<:wmy, 642,
643] - 4221
liverdistribution , idll
livcrfunctiontcstrcSlllts , 644.645
model forcnd·stagcli,·crdisca<c,
Mil
organslwrtage, _§1.Q
outco meo( -61.4
rccurrcn t diseaseand , ii:iS_
tcjcct ionof, _GM
rctransplantation , 645
ro!eof, forhepat.,;;u;,]a,
carcinoma, 645 -646
splir, 642, 642j
tcchnT,;laspcctsof, 641-642,
642[
Livcr!urnots,189 1-1892
dinical presemacionof, 1892
d iagnosisandstagingof, 1892.
\ 8921, 1893f
trc>tmcn t of, .!B.2I
Livcr-imestine-pancreastran>plam ,
6<i9f
Lobar emphysema, ~
INDEX
Lobe<:torny, 1470- 1471
Lobularcarc~im ,83 1
833-831
[,,]"ilc ,1428 - 1429
Localurga niutional >trncturcs,to
promoreperioperarivesafety,
lJlti2l)
Longbonefracturc , 463-464, 465j
Longirndinal AssessmmcofBariatric
Surgcry(LABS). 1177
[.,K>pcolmtomy, 1328- \ J29 , 1328J
Lorazepam, .i5.Q - -
Lossoffunction , l360
Lo"stones. 1505
Low anter ior resection . on recta l
canccr, 13 79- 1380,
1380fl381f
Loweresophageal>ph inccer( LES)
hyperCcnsi\•e, 1016
primary role of, 1043
Lowercxtrcmit)' -
ocdusivcdiseaseof, 1774. 1775
rccon>truc!ion of, 1967-1970
groinandchigh,sofctiS>ue
reconstructionin ,1969
tra umaticwoun d.,softt i"uc
coveragcof. 1967-1969,
19G8f --
,•ascuhrinjuryof, 182 1
venous transposition of,
1799-1800
Lower gast rointestin al hemorrhage,
acutc , !l.i!:l.l.ii. l l51t
causcsof,1153 -1 155
angiodyspl..,;ia , 1153
anorcctaldisease, 1154.1154f
colit is, 1154-1155.1155f
divcrt iculardisca.sc, 115-3
mcsentcric ischcmia, J.lii
neoplasia,1154
diagnos is of, 115 1- 1 153. 1152f
colonoseo~52
computed tomography
angiography, 1152-1153
mcsen1cricangiograpby, 1153
radio nucl ide scann in g, 1152,
1153f -
treatmclltof.1 153
Lurnbarcanalstcnosis,1921 - 1922
Lumbardiscprolapsc , 1920/1921
Lumbar hernia, 1 115
Lumbarvcin , 1728f 1729j
Lumbarvertebralbodyfraciures,
Lumbodorsalfa<eia , 1086j
Luminalobotruc!ion
appcndicitiscau.< cdhy,129 7
causesof,1297
Lung{s) , 1579- 1582
absccssof, .!.222
adenocorcinonuof,158J
bcnig11 tutnorSof, l 600. l 6o l
congrnital lcsionsof , 1579-1581
hypoplasiao( 1579-l~
ltft , 1672! - -
lobcsof, _!iZ2
lymphoma of, 1601
pricnarys.rcornasof, 1601
!urnorsof, mi,.;dlancous,
1600-1601 , !60 1b
Lung c;rncer, 1582-1592, l582f
adjuva n tthcrapyfor, 1591, 1592j
diagnosisof, 1584
.arly-otagenon -smallcell,local
tl1cr.1pyfor,1590- 1591,
1590f
2127
INDEX
l.u11gcanar (Con1inued)
metastatic d isease of, treatment of,
l221.:l.i22
ncoa<ljm·ant thcr~py for, 159 1,
1592/ - Macrophagechemoattrae<ant
in older patierus, 354-355
paihologyof, 1583
scrceningfor, 1583- 1584
mgingof, 1584-1588
Amcric:rn Joint Comm iucc on
Cancc<. _!_2_fili, 1587 t-
15881, 1588b, 1589[
evaluationoftumorstage , 1585
lymph nodes . ~
mctastases . _!_?_l!]_
n odal siagccvah1>tion ,
1585-1586, 158([
!Umor, 1587-1588
ircaunemrernhsof, 1588-1590
Lungtranspbntation . 1598
Lunuh. 1694/
Lvrncdiscasc, 540-541
Lyrnphnn<lc<, 13 17
dissectionof.738-740,885/
')07-908
dcx;tivcdisscctionof. 735-736
popl irc.>l>entincl. 737/
Lyrnphadenc<:wmy, 738-739. 739/
cxtcntof,1549
-
popl itcal.withdosure, 740/
regionalno<lalrecu rrenceueate<l
with .ID
Lyrnphadcnopathy, in pediatric,
Lyrnpha11giogenesis, 1848
Lymphatic., 1848- 1856
dassificationof. 11\2!2
complcxdcconge>tivcphy:;ical
thcr:ipyfor, 18 52
compr<·ssion pump 1herapyfor,
1852
diagnosticrcmfor, 1850- \ 851 ,
1851/ --
dilfcrcntbl diagnosis of, 1850.
1850/ - Malcinfertility, 207 9-2081
drugiherapy for.1852
devaiion andron1pression
g;irmcnts, 185 1· 1852
embryologyandano tomyof,
1848, 1849/
func!ionand stmcturco(
1848- 1849
genera! therapeuiicmeasuresfor,
new d iagnostic tests for, 185 1
operat ive treatment for,
1852- 1854, J853fl854/
pathophysiologyandstagingo(
1849
th ctapyfor,1851-1854
turnor<of, 1855
Lymphedcma , 184')
Lymphocele, f i l 65 7/
Lymphokinc· activatcd kil krccl b
(LAK cells) , 706-707
Lyrnphonrns,19 14
in small intestine , 1278, 12 78/
ofsple<en , 1562 -
Lymphoscint igraphy,poplitcal
sentinel lymph no<lco idcntihcd
by,737/
Lymphowxin· « , 2 8r
Lynch>yndrornc, 692-693 .
.l.lZ!LJ.l1.L 1370b, I ~42-1 ~4 ~
2128
M Mal ignant peritoneal rnc>otl1dioina,
Mo:clls ,1245
Macrol idc.lincosamidc-<trcptogramin
family,.llil
proiein , 131 -1 32
Macrophage m igrat ion inh ibitory
foctor. l.!.:Jl
J\faaophagc<
growth factor< rclc~scd by, 133
wound · healingroleof, 132--=136.
LB/ --
Maffucci syndrome, 781
Magistr.il type, ofsp~cartery,
~ Mallory· Wcisstcars, 1140. 1145.
Magncsium , 92-94
Magnrticresonanceangiograp hy.for
rcnalarteryd iscase , 1785
Magnetic resonance -
cbolangiopancrcatography
{MRCP), in l_,i li~ ry !fttdiscase,
1489. 1489/
MagnNic resonance imaging{MRI)
forappendicitis, 1299· 1300
f<irbilbrytrccdiscase, 1489,
1489/
l_,reast , 828·829, 830/
forcongcnirnlhearidi>c><e,
1622· 16B
forroronaryartcrydiscasc ,1664
inprcgnan t paticn1 , 2056
Magncticrcsonanccvcnousimaging,
11.ll
ofdcep,•ein1hron1bosis, 1843
Maintcnonccfluids, 82·84. 83b. 831
Majorhistocompatibilirycomplex
{MHC)
cb., L 602 . 603 , 6 03/
dassll , 603 . 603/
Majorhi><ocompaiibilitylocus,601
Majo r med ic•ldisaste", 586-587
Male external genitalia , ~
Male genital organ infection ,
2073 -2074
laboratoryassemncntof,2081
rrcatmenror. 2081 , 208 1/
Malcnustopexy, 197 1
Malereproduetiv<:rnedidn<:,•nd
<cxualdysfunc1ion , 2078-2083
Malcscxual dysftmction ,~
ireaunent ,2082 -2083 . 2082/
Malignant anal canal neop lasms ,
1414- 14 15
J\falignanibiliarydisca>c, 1512·1518
J\falignan! c:.rdnojdsynd;;;;;;;::---
11Z2d2Zl
Malignantdisease,sple<en ,
1562- 1563
Malignanrfibroushistiocytoma
{MFH) , 7 54
tc·dassi fi<'."~!ion of, 763
Malignanrgcrmcclltumors , 1464
Malignamhypcrthermia, 1l.!., 254 ,
~ mag1;-;;-;;-Jeof, 2.§L S87/
causcs o( l§.!l_
presema1 ionand1nanagem<m.
288-289 . 289b
Malignantmelanomas, 20 12 -2013
Malignantncoplasms, 724-753
cuianrnu s, 747-750- -
uncommon , 750
Malignam nomerawmawus germ
cdl 1umors, lfll
Malignant periphera l nerve sheath
tumors , 765
1080- 1081
M alignamphcochromocytoma, 985
Malignant pleural cffmion (MP U:-
1584, 1605, \(,{l(if
Mal ign;;ll~,
ofesophagus , 1032- 1033
skin . 2012· 20_1) _ _
basa!o:cllcarcinom>. 2012
malignant melanomas ,
20 12 -20 13
>quamouscdlcarcinoma ,
20 12
Mal lerfinger, 1994/
1231 - 1232 - Mastopexy, 1957, 1971
Malnourish<..lpat icnt< ,.lil
Malnutrition , lQllQZ
assessmentof. 562
in cirrhoricpaticnt , l l i
prcoperotivc ,1 325
subtypcsof, 105-106
woundhcal ingaffccuxl by, 148
Maltase ,12411 - 421-423
Mammalian bites, 535-B8
epidemiology of, 535·536
trcatmcntd, 5J6·5J8
a111il_,io1ics, 21Z
evalLiationof, .5..l(i
microbiology, 537. 537 b
rabics, 536b- SJ?b:" 517-~18
woundcarc , _il6
Mammalianta rgctofr.1pamycin
inhibitors , fil!i±!_
MarnmaPrirua<say, 70 2
Mammography
nonpalpablcabnormalities, 829
.crccning, 828 ,828< - \ 284- 1286,187?- 1880
ManglcdExt~t yScvcrityScore
(MESS), 484, 4841
Man nkopfsig ~ 261
Monom crry, !017- 1018
M arasmus, lli:J..12!!:
Marfanoidhahi1u< , .1.'16
MarginalartcryofDrummond ,
illJi
MarinehitesandS!ings, 542-544
antivenom for. i l l - -
assessment of. i l l
cnvcnmnatinn hy
im·cncbratc., fil
venebratcs, 211_
inj uries fromno1wenomous
aquat ican imal s,5.1.1
managcmcn t o( 542
microbiologyof,STI
<pongcs , 543-544
woundca;:ero;:s42
MAR'l:l. 708 - Medias1inal1woplasms,primary,
1'.hssusualtyincidcnts , 586
blastrr.iuma, .5.2:1.:225_-
defini1 ivccarc phascof, 592.593
injury<cvcritydistrihuti~
587.587/
medical rc,ponsc in , 589-590,
589< --
rnodern!ralltnacarein , 587-590
modern lf>umasysicrnsan<l ,
~ evaluationof. 1609
sorgeon's rolcin , 586-596
urban, typical ti md incof, 5891
Massive bleeding
in Crohn'scoli1is , J.3.i2
in ulcenti\•ecoli1 is, 134 5
Massi,,ehcmoptysis. 1598
Mas.sivetrat»fusion
protocol. 71-73 , 731
strategics, 568
Masteclomy, 844-845,848 , 852,
8551 - - - -
brea;t-ronse!'\"ing1herapy1-ert1",
844 -84 5. 84 51
ind icationsfor, .fl1.§_
lumpcctomy•·r,.,11s. .B.1A
;,7,';~):~7i::~~;~ng, 848-851
radical, .&11 -
technicaldetails, 848
toral. M'.!., 84 9/ -
Mastitis. .BJ.6
Matrixmct3lloprotcinascs( MMPs) ,
=
Mamraiion alph....,,ofwound
healing, __l_±!.
Maxillaryfr.>cture.1 949
M:uil!arysinus, 803
Maxil!nfacialrcg~ injuryto ,
Maxil!ofacialtrauma, 1948- 1949
craniofadal fractures, 1?49
emergen t management of.
1948- 1949, 1948[
cvaluationauddiagnosis of,1 949
softt issucinjury,1')49
McBurncypoint , 12')9
McVayrcpair, 1099- 1100
Mcan artcri alp rcssurc(MAP) ,554
Mechan icalobs!fuc1io11,l336
Mechan ico.lvcntila1io11 ,558
Meckcl'sd i vcrti~ulitis, 12')7
M.-ckcl'sd iverticulum , 1157 ,
cl inical manifestat ions of,
! 2 84- 1285, 1285[
diaguosisof, 1880
diagnosticstu d icsof. 1285.1285/
incidcnceandcauseof, 1284,
1284[
>urgical managcmcn1 of, 1880
maunemof, 1285- 1286.1285/
Meconiumi leus, 187 5- 1876,187 5/
Mcconiumplugsyndrome, 1876
Mcdialacccssorysaphcnousvcin ,
1829/
Mcdialperforatorvcin , 1828[
Medialpla ntarvein , 1829/
Medial1highlift , 197 1
Mcdialvisceralrota tion . 173 1
Mcdianan tcbrachialvein , 1798
Mcdianncrvc ,2 006[
Mcdianstcrnotomy, 167 2
Mediastinalcysts.primary.1610
1610- 16 13
1607- 1610 . 1608b,
157 5
amerosupcriorcompartmcntof,
1608- 1609, 1608/
cl inical manifestat ions of, 1609
diagnosisof,1609
histologic ,1609- 16 10
diagnnsticimagingof, 1609
middlccompartmentof,1609
postcriodpara.·crtcbral suki
compartmcnto(, 1609
Medicationmanage1nem,fot
geriairicpa1i crus, 210
Mcdications,revicwof,225 , 230t

Me<liun1 - ve<>dv<t>culi1 i<, 17 80- ! 781
lkho;etd isease,1781
Cogan•yndrome, 178 1
K•wa.sak j di<casc, 1780 - 17 8 1
polyartcrit i>no<lo>>. 1780
Mcdu llaryt hyroi<l carcinoma ,
909-910
clinical foarnresof, 909
descriptionof. 1007-1008
surgery fo r, in MEN2 and FMTC ,
1008
rnanagcrncntof. 735-7 38
MuhiccntcrSclcct ivc
Lymphaden«tomy 'Jrial,
736-737
"' nt inellymph node biopsy,
736-738, 736/
stagingof, 730-732. 7311-7321
supcrh cbl <pcca<ling, 729, 729/
thick, 737
tbio , 737
TNMsiagingof, 731 <
tcearrnentof.7.H-744
follow-upaf1er, 74 1
l1ypcrtl1crmici.;ola1c<llimb
perfusion , 742, 742/
immunotherapy, 743. 744f745/
intcrfcmna lfo-2b,740 -741
rndphahn , 742
Mdanom o (Conti""ed)
ukemed , 733/
u ltravioletradia tion exposureand ,
724 -725
unknown prirn .ry, 744-74 5
workup and imaging for, 73 3-7 34
Mdanomainsiiu, 7 34
Melena ,1140- 1141
MernorialSloanKeueringCancer
Cen<cr (MSKCC). 1449
M EN! ,693. 996. 997/
M<'n<'iricrd isease , 1231
Menin , 996-997
Meninges, tu mor of, 1913
Meningio rnaresection , Simpson
gradingsy«cm for, 19131
Mcningiomas , 19 13 , 19131
,\teningicis ,1934
Meningocde , 1932
Meningomydocelc, 1964- 1965
Menopause, 823-824 , 2036
Mcnorrhagia/ab11ormalu1crinc
blccding,surgcryfor, 2040 -2041
Menstrual hiscory, 20 36
6 -M crcaptopurinc , 61 7
Merkel cell carcinoma (M CC) , 750
Mesenchynd >tcmcells, 157, 158/
159r. 160/
adipose-d crivcd, 167
dcserip cionof, 166/ 167
Mesenccricandin t ra-abdom inal
dcsmoi dtumor< , 1085
Mesentcricang iography,diagnosing
lower G I h emorrhage using,
1153
Mesencericcym,1082
Mesencerichemias, 1084
Mc•cntcrici:;chcmia, 1155
Mcscntcry,1065 - 1091
discasesof. !082 - 1083
ntalignamnropla<rnsof,108 5
andomentum , 10 8 1- 1085
diseasesof,1 08 1-1082
embryology a nd anatomy of,
1081
physiologyof. l081
Mesh i11fec1ion, ll l6
Meshedgrafts .1939
Mesoappcndix , 1296
Mcsocolk hernias , 1083- 1084 , \ 084{
Mcmthclioma , 160 7
Meso1helium ,l07 S
Meta-ana lysis, 17 9
Metabolicand13.uiatricSurgcry
Accred itatio n and Quali ty
lrnprovcrncntProgram ,
! 91t- l921
Metabolic stress response, ! 22 - 124
Metabolicsyndrome ,1261, l 27, 1 16 1
Metabolism
carbohydr:ite , -22,. 100/
evaluating, and energy
rcxiuircmcnts , 108-1 10
lipid , 100- \01, IOl_f _
p rotein , _!2_!_
substr:ite ,.21L_!fil
stress-induced changes in ,
106-1 07 , ! 06/
in surgicalpaticnts, 98- 129
Metacarpal fr:icl\Jre, 1m:l998/
Metaphysis ,463-464,465/
MctaSlascs
multiplc endoc rincncoplasiatypc
.2. !009
pl1yllodes1ucnots,842
skeletal sarcom as, 785
INDEX
Meta<1a1ic disease , 1074
lungcancer. treacrnencof,
1591-1592
trcatmcn t of, 743-744
Mcta,,>tic nwpbsms.in small
ime<1ine , 1280, 1281/
Metasca1ic1 u1nors , 1464- 1469,
15 18
in chest wall. 1603
colorcrtal rnc!astase<, 14(.4- 1468,
\ 465/ 14661- 14671
ncurotndocrinemetastases, 1468
nonrolorectalmetas<ases ,
1468- 1469
non - neuroendocrine metastases,
1468- 146 9
Mctformin ,fo rburn s, 525
Methotrexa<e,forukerat ivecoli cis ,
1343- 1344
N-mcthyl-D -a,partateantagoni" , m itral valvcrcplaccmcn tfor,
387 170 2, \ 703•
O~-Mci hylguaninc DNA naturAll1iowryo f,1 701
mcthyltmisfcra-<c (MGMT), open m itral commhsurotomy for,
70 1 1702
percuca neousballoonmitral
commissurotomyfor. 1702.
170 2•
physiC>lcxam inat ionfot,1 70 1
sy rnptorns and signsof, 170 1
treacrncn1of, 1701 - 1702
Micr:ilvah•e, 1694.1695/
anomalic,of. 16 53- 1654
d isea:;c, }54
rnyxomawus d iseaseof, 1697
rcgurgitation ,Carpcruict
dassificat ionof.169 81
repa ir of, 1706.1 7 13- 17 14, 17 13/
replacemen t of, 1712/ 1713
for mitral "cnosis. 1702 ,
17031
audrcpair,1 7 1 1- 17 14 ,
in rh eumatic heart disease,
Miudsehmen, 1297
Mixcdch imcri sm ,631
l \J l - 1132, \ 132•
Modificdmultivisecralgraft , 6 70
Modified Rivcs-Stoppa ,456 , 457/
Mohs' micrograpliicsurgcry(MMS).
Monocy<cd1cmo1ac1 ic pro!cin-l ,
28,
2129
INDEX
Motbi<l obesj1y,li60- l187
hypoventilationsyndromeof,
1167
magnitudcofthcproblcm ,
rcactivca.<thm•and , \ l(i7
Morphca formha .. Jcell carcinomas,
748-749, 749[
Morph in e, _2i2
Mothervesscls ,1941
Motil ity,inoolon , !324
Motil itydi.<or<lcr<,344
affe.:tingboth body and low<r
esophageal sphincter,
1016- 1019
ofesophageal body,1 0 15- 10 16
of lowcrcsophagc;o lophin c1cr,
IOHi
Moxi floxacin . l l i
Moyamoyadisease ,1908 - 1909
Mucinou,cysticnoopb,m ,
1537- 15.18,1537/.15381
Mucinousi umot<, 838-840,839/
Mucocpi dcnnoidca rcinorn a,
..fil!H.!IB_
Muoormycosis ,159 7
Mucosa -as'°"iatcdly mpho id ti"'1c
lymphom as , 1229
Mucosal addrcssir\Cdlad l1csion
rnolcculc _!_ (Ma<lCAl\1-l) , 1262
M<lco5alinflammation,ofanus, 1J95
Mucosalmelanomas, l l i
Mucu• , 1195
Mult icc ntc rSdcct ivc
Lyn1pha<lenectomy -Jri al,
736-7 37
Multidctectorcomputed
(Omograp hy. for coronary artery
disc>.<.c, 1663
Mult idrug-rcsistant
cnterobacteriaceac, 26.1
Multiuodular goi ier,893
Multiorgandysfunction•)'ndrome,
251
Mul ti nrg;rnfailurc
inarntcrcspirator)'<li•HcS<
syndrome .560
burnsand, .i!2::521_
ce ntra l nervous sy'1em foi l. ire,
=
cti olog)'andl'atho physiology
of, fil
hematologicfo il ure, 521
hepa1icfailure . fil -
o rganfailurc , 520
preven tio no f,519-520
pulmonar)'failu rc, .i2Jl:ill
rcnalfailurc , jl_Q
,\foh iplecasualtyincidents, 586
M uh ipleendocrineneoplaoi-;:;--
'Y"d romc" 996-1012
Multiple en docrine neopbsia ty p< _!
(M EN l) , 936.945 , 9 55/
9<J6-l00'!- -
bron chia lcarcinoidtumots
associate<! with , lQQJ
cl inical fcaturcsof, 998-1003.
999/
des.:rip1ionof, 69 l t, 693
d uodcnal ncuroendoct;;;-c!urnots
in , X!R
2130
Multi plc endocrinc neoplaoia typc l
(MEN l } (Gmrinud) - fracturcs.iuFractures
gast rinomasassocia ted with , 1001,
1001/ - mbsc<l , __121
~~;:~.·.~;~~:~:1:.:.~~.~::a
insulinotnasin , 1001 - 1002
management of, 998-1003, 999/
manifestationso( _22Bc
pancrcaticncurocndocrinctumots
and , 958-959, 958/ 998
parath)'roi~ 998 -9?9."
999/ 1000/ - -
pathogenesisof. 996-998
~::~::::; ~1a~~:.";~0 ~n-, 1 ~2- I 003
thpniccarcinoi ~
associated wi <h, _l_QQJ_
Muhi p!eendocrine nco plasia 1ype 2
(MEN2} . 100_~-1010 - M)'coticancurysms.1908
d inic.>l features of. 100~-1004.
1003/ 10041
dcscript io no f,6911, 693 .
lflQllQQZ - 1931/
FMTC . 1004- !006
follow-up for, 1008-1009
gcnetic testingo( l007-1009
13paro<eopic aJre11 akx10m y for,
'°"'
mcdullarythyroidcarcinoma
associated wi <h, 1007- 1008
iualsoMcJ ulbry thyroiJ
surgct )'fot, !008
"1Cl3S!O.!i c, 1009
phcochromocytornaassociated
with, 1009
prcvcntivc•urgcryf<ir, 1008
primary h)'pcrporath yroiJismin ,
1009 -1 010
1009
Mus.:uloskeletal injurics(Conlinued) Na1 uralki lle rcclls, 60 1, 705- 707
Natural orificetransluminal
init ialmanagememof, 478-481 endosco pi csurgery. 397
-- Ncar-totalt hyroid cctomy"JIT.2
pa1icn t cvalm1ionof, 470-478 Ncck , 809-810
surgicalprio ri<i:union ~I injuriesto ,423 -424
t erininologyof. 462 -4~ e\•al uaiio n of, 423-424 , 423/
tr> uma roomcvaluationo( 424b, 425/
ill:1Z:i immediate management o f,
vascubr injurics. All! 4'3
Mutagcnicpotcn1ial. li'.H managcmcn t of, 424, 42(ij
MumionduS!crregion . 691-692 vas.:ularinjuryof. i817
Myrobacmial infe.:tions ,J S95:1596 Ne.:kcancer.;uHeadandn <xk
A1ycobacuriumpamtub~rr~
1349- 1350
Myobaclaium tubm:ufoill,
~
Mrcophonola1emofetil, 6231, 624 ,
_QQ=6ll_
M)'eloiddendriticcells , 600 -601,
7 07-708
Myclorncningocdc , 1931 - 1932,
Mrdotomy.1924
MYH-associatcxl pol)'posis (MAP} .
ill
Myocardialinf•tciion, 230
non -ST-scgmcn! cl cv~n .
552-553
M)'ocordialrevasrnlarization
alternative m ethods for,
11)79-1683
c-ardiopuln1onarybypass.;u
Cardiopulmonary bypass
M)'ocutaneousAap, 194 1
M)'oele.:tric migra1ingoomplcx ,
1\ 95- 1 196
M)'ofascial rclca>es , 1112
Myofibroblast , 141
Myxc<leniaron~05
M)'XOmatousdiS£aS£.ofmitralvalve
Jill
N
Na'. K•-ATl'ases . 1524
Noloxone . 558
Napki n ring lesion , \3 73/
Nasal cavity cancer. 802-805
N:i.<al <cptal h lccding ,-32.2
N>.<o<luodcnal feedi ng , 1 141 MYH -assodatcd po l)'p<><is,
Nasogamicfccd ing, 1141 1361 - 1362
Nasojeju nal fccdin g, 1141 oncogene•,1 363
Nasopharyngeal canccr, 803-805
N atalizumab, 719t --
National and hcalthc11resystem-l n·cl
safctyi nhi atin-s , 190-195.
190b. !911- 192r- -
NaiionalLu ngScreen ingTria l
(NLff) , 1583- 1584
NarionalNosocomial lnfoctions
Sun •ci llana(NNl S) SyS!em ,
lli
National Stud)' on Costs and
Omcomesof "lhiuma
(NSCOT} . 410
National Surgical[";;-fcction
Prevention !'rujcct, 246. 247 b.
2471 -
National Surgical Quality
lmprovemm1Proje<:t ,
191t- 192t
NarionalTrouma Dara B.>n k
(NTDB) , 408
NO!urol d isa>tc;:;:-;-urgc..:.n'srolcin ,
lli

Neophmns(Continued)
primary soli d ma lignant
neoplasms, 1458·1 464
hcpatoccllubccarcinom>,
1458-1463
irurahepa1ic
d1olan giocar<:inoma ,
llili1M
w !idben ign neoplasms ,
~
focal nodular hypcrphsia,
1456. 1456[
hema ngioma, 1456-1457.
1457/ - -
livcrooelladenoma
~ Ncurologicsystcrn,surgic:.r;:;:;t;;;f"
sal inryglan<l , 807-808, 808b
small incesc in e ~li n to>t i ne,
neoplasms of
Neo plast ic disorders, of anus,
1412-1'1!5
anal ma rgi n tumor< , 1412-14 14
anal intracpithdial nrnpl>.<ia,
1413
basal cell carcinoma , 1414,
1411{
condylomaacuminatum ,
1412-14 13
l'agc1disc..sc,l413-1414
><jUamousccllcarcinoma , l'i l 3
vcrrucouscarcinoma , 14\J
dinicalcvalu >tion n( 1412
ma ligna nt ana lca na l ncopl>5m'-
14 14-I 415
adcnocatcinoma, 14 15
melanoma, 14 15
><JUamouscellcarcinoma ,
\414- 1415,1414/,14151
N"cost igminc,forpsctulo-ohstruction ,
1.llll..:.1JJ2
Nephrowxic iiy, 262-263
cakincurin i n~ssociated ,
~ supernumerary, l l i
Ncrvccomprcssionsy ndrorn c,
2006-2007
carpa! rnnnelsynd ronw, 2006 ,
2006/
pron>torsyndrornc, 2006-2007
ra d ialnervecompress ion . 2007
thoracicoutlctcomprcssion , 2007
Ncrvc i njurb, 920, 199 1 - 1 99~
in gu in alher~pairand ,1 105
Nerve transfer, 1994
Nervierigen tes , 131 8
Neura p raxia , 1991 - 1992, 1995/
Ncuraxialan algcsia , 3lili
Ncuraxialhlockad c , 2 22
Neuroblastoma ,1612. ~
dinicalpresentat ionof. ~
diagnosis of, 1887-1888, 1887/
genorn icsof. 1887
stagingof, 1888 ,1 888!
trcatmmtof, 1888, 18881
Ncuroend ocrinemetastascs, 1468
Neuroend ocrinernmors , 1210- 1211.
1272-1276. 1272<, 1613
dinicalrnanifcstationsT
.llZ2.:l2Z1
rnalignantcardnoidsyndromc,
illHW
diagnosisof, ~ 1274/
du0<lcnum , 1000
c ntcropancrcatic , 1000-1002
gasiroemeropac>crca1ic, IOOO
panacas. 944 -959. 949T,IOOO,
1002, 1002/ - 1914
Ncuroen docrinc1 umor<(Continued)
pathologyof. _!IZb !273/
p rognosisd, 1276
t reat ment of, 12 7~-1276
medical t herapy, 1275-1276,
127 51 --
surgicaliherapy, 1275
Ncurofibrorna . 19 13 -
Nmrohbrornatosistype l...25!i
~~:::::::~:: ~~~:~~·5~~75-2076
N<·urogcnicmmor., 1612
Ncurolepticmalign am syndrome,
254
Ncurologiccomplicarions. 320-322
carc , 547-551
Neuromuscular blockade
.53!!
Nrnrona l andmi xe<lneurona l·glia l
rumor., 1912
Neurona l intestinal<lysplasia, 1391
Ncurosurgery,1900 - 1937 - Nonsdcct ivcsh un 1', 1440- 144 \ ,
Ncurotmesis. 199 1- 1992
Ncutraliza1ionpla1c, .:l.G.8_
Ncutropcniccntcrn.:oliiis, 129 7
Neutroph ils, 66/68/
Nevoi<l basal cdlcar.:inoma , 6911
Ncwacccos, ini tial evaluat ion for,
1798
Newborn physiology. 1858- 1859
N-fonnyl-rne1hion}'l -l~
phenylalanine, 132
NICE-SUGAR irial-:Jis.
Nicotinamidcadcnincdinudcotidc
phosphorc , 132
Nipple - hemamria,wi1h urinary re1emion,
discharge from , 824 -825, 82 5/
l'aget'sdiseaseo~ Bl{i
Nipplc-arcohrrcconst rnc< io n ,
875-877 , 876/
NIR ~opy. 63/
Nissenfundoplicai ion , 1023, 1024{,
10~2-10~ ~ - Nonun ions , ffi
Nitrogen balance , l.lll
Nitrousoxidc,36 1,36 11-3621
1779- 1780
Non.:alculousbiliary<lisease,
Noneoronarycusp, 1694/
Noncydic masialgia , 824
Non<lepolarizingneu~uscular
blocking agenis, iiQ
Nondcpolori,.ingrchxant ,364, 365<
Nonc5'cntial am ino acids, lQl
No11funct ioninggoi1er. 893-894
Nongctrnino111awmgermcel11umor,
N oni1w asi ,•epreopcrat ive
lo.:alkuion , 930-931. 930/
Nonmalnourishcdpat icn" , _lil
N on- muscleinvasi\'eblad<lercancer,
2099 -2100
Non -neuroendocrine metastases,
1'168- 1469
Nonocdusivc intirn • I flap,.l!ill
Nonparathyroidal hypcrcalccmia,
2JQ, 927b
N o npro!ein 1umormarhrs, 69 7b
Non-pylorus- preserving Whipple
proccd urc, vrr"'spylo rus-
prcscr\'ingWhipplcproced ure ,
1549
Nonrecurrent laryngealnerve, ~
883f884/
1441/
Nonseminotn•Wusiumor<,
N on-smal l cell lung cancer
{NSCLC), 355
Non.,croidalanti -inflammato rv
drngs. 386-387
ascause ~\ 1 9 8 - 1199
for pain , 549
N o n-S' l::segmffi televat io n
myocardial infamion ,552 -553
Nontraumatk urologiccmcrgcncics ,
2096-2097
from blooddms , 2096-2097,
2097/
priapism ,2097
tcstkubrtor<io n , 2096,20%/
Nontumc>ccn1ahlation,andfuturc
mo<lal i1ies.foraxialwin
incornpe1e11ce ,1839
N o1wa riooea l bleed ing , 1143-1148
Norcpincphrinc ,556 - -
Normal -prc<>tirchydroccphalus,
1930
N ormo1hermia ,m aituenan.:eof,
1648/
Nosorom ial si n usit is, 248. ~
No•·d t hcrap ic5
forCro hn'sd ise.,e ,.ll!.il_
forgasitocso phagcal rcAuxdiscasc,
\ 0~7-10~9
N udearfactor Kl> {Nf-Kl>) , 608 -609
N utcrackeresophagus , 1016. JOl6/
Nutrition , 1859-1860
caloricre<j u iremcnts, 1859, 18 59<
carbohyd ra1cs, l 860 -
c1HcraL ueEni cral nutrition
globalassessmemon . l.QZ, 107b
hcpatic inM1fllcicncy, l24-125
imm uno n11t rit ion , .!lL 117t
pancrea1 i1is, 125
P"tcn1eral.u7Pa rentcral 11u1ti1ion
prooperati ,'e, _1_!!
INDEX
Nutrition (Cunti11ued)
prorcin , l.filill
riskscreening. 107, 107b
total parcnt crar-;;;:;!rition , 1860
N utri tionala'™'ssmcn t
caloric re<Juirements. 121
malnutrit io n , !03- 107
and mon itoring, 107-108 . 107b
star"arion , lOJ-107
N utrit ion al RXJuircmcnts
carhohydratcmctaho li>rn , -'12,.
100/
lipid metabolism , 100- 101
micron11tricnts, .!Ql, 104 <- 1051
proreinmctabol isrn , .lfil
pro!cinturno\'ct, 102-103
vi tam i ns, .!QJ.,_ 10~
Nmritionalstatus,ingeriatric
pai ients , 210
N utri tional support . ~ l l l b
descriptionof. HJ -244
d isc;o.<C·>pccifo c concerns, 122-127
rntcral.te.Fntcral nutriti-oo-
goa l of, _2B_
in iria1ing ,.ll3.
pa rcn tcral.,uParc ntcral nutrit ion
Nystatin , 270t
0
Oat cell.:areinoma , 1583
Obesity. 125- 127, 224
canccra nd , 678-679
card iova,.;ula rdi,.;aseassociatcd
wi1h , i l l
eomorbidities associaicxl wi 1h, i l l
comribmingfactorsin , 125
deepveinth rombosisri ;I:-126
<fohc1c,mdlitus t ypc 2 an~.llli
gastrocso phai:;cal rcflu ;-d isca'C
associm.Jwi1h, 104?- 1050
hepatobil i•ty d iscaseassocia1<.J
w ith . i l l
magn irn<leoftheproblem ,
1 160 - 1161
mctaholic,yndrom c am><:b te<!
with , 1261.127
n1orbi<l, 1160· 1187
ostooa rthritisassociared with , 127
respimorysysternand, 56 1
sarcopcn ic ,.lJlZ
surgicalrnmidcration ,127
O l» tctricsurgkal pn><:cdurc ,
2050-2051
Obsuuctcdwtalanomalous
pulmonary,·cnousrcturn ,
163 2,1633/
Obstruc1ion
incompli <0a tcd divcrdculi1is,
1333- 1334
intestinal,inCrohn's.:oli ti<. 1351
largehowd , 1336- 1339
lumi na l
a ppc ndici1i scauscdby,l 297
causcs of, 12'J7
pseudo·obmuction , 1336-1339
O bmuctivesleep apnea{OSA) , 374
O h turat mh crn ia , 1 11 3-11 15
O b rurator sign . 1125,1126t
Octrootide, 12 74
Octreotidcscanning, 1000
Ocular melanoma , 746-74 7
2131
INDEX
O <lo1110i<lfracturc>, 4221
Ofuturnumab, 719r
Off-pumpcoronaryanorybypass
grafting, 1680-1681 168 1/
Ogikicsyndrnmc , 1337
OKT3.6231.626
Ol<leraduhs.reeGeriairicpaiicms
Olfoctoryneorobhstoma . ~
Oligodendroglioma, 1911-1912
Oll;crdiscasc, ffi
Omali~mnab , 7191
~ fmy acids .563 -564
polyuosaturai..J, 122
~ fu tty acid ~ 56.J - 564
Omcnto l cysts.1081 -1082
Omrntal grafo,andtransposition ,
1082, 1082/
Omemal nooplasms , 1082
Omcmal 1orsion,and infarct ion ,
Omcnwm . 1065-1091
OmplialoccL 107 1. 1883 , 1883/
Omphalorncscntcric J;;;:;:-
abnormalityof. l071-l072,
107 1/
Oncogcncs , 1363
Oncologic resection , 778
Oncopla>ticsurgcry. 847-84 8
ho<ly babitus, 848- -
brcastresectior;:-- B1B_
breastsize , .s_.1!!_
timingof, _!!1!!
tumorlocation , .&l.R
On -pun1pbcaiing-heanbypass , l 680
Oophorccwrny, wi1h/witl1ou1 -
salpin geciomy,2042
Openanterioriramabdominal
adrcn alc-ctomy. 991-993
com plications and po<topcr:uivc
care, m::.221:
pa!icnt ptcparaiion and pmition ,
=
techniquein , 991-992
lcftad rcn a ~2
right adrcnal , 992, 992}993/
O pen aonic surgery,romplica1ions
of,1 74 1- 1744
Opcn .>ppcn<lec1omy, lap.iroscopic
vmus, 1_302- 1303
Opcncholecystectomy,fo rcakulou<
hiliarydisca.<c,1500
Opencolectomy, 349
Opencom monbile d llcl cxp!ora1ion,
for calculousbiliary disc.>sc ,
150 1. 1501/
Opcnfracturc , 481..482
dassi hcation ~483, 482/
debr idememof. ~}
de><:ripiionof, i l l - 0roph arynx , canccrof, l l i
Gusrilo-Anderscnda"ihcationof,
..1B1.:iB.1. 483t
stab;\ i·i.;ujonof, 480-481
Opcnrnitralrnrnmburotomy,for
miiralstenosis .1 702
OpenrN:onsiruc1ion,1echniqueof,
1740- 174 1
Opcnrcnal artcryby pass . _!2§1
Opcn;urgi~-al rnanagemcru ,
l lln.1816
Operati ngroom , 231-235
forbariairicpa~ 68
cardiopulmonary rc"1scit>tion in ,
21
l1t1 nostasis ,..2.12::211
nortnotherm ia,rnaimen anccof,
2132
Operotingroom(Continud}
preopcrativeskinpreparation ,
=
rc.">urCe>availal>lci n ,578/
otaplcr., 234- 235
surgical adhcs i,·es, 235
iakingto bedside, 578,578(
wo u nddosurc , 23m r
233t-234r. 235/
Opcr>ti\'cadjuncts, 934-935
gamma prol>c locali~a1ion , 935
intrnoperativel'Tl-lassessr~.
934-935 , 935/
recurrentbryngca l nerve
mon itoring, 935
Opcr>t i\'cmanagcm;:;;l," prcpar~tion
for, \ 813- 1814
Operaii\•esurgery, principlesof,
.2fll-=2Ail
Opio;ds ,363-364,385-386
d epcndence in, 550-551
painrnanagcrncn tuoi ng. 549, 55 1
Opponunistic in fection < , ~
Optimalpreoperativcassc>Smen1,of
geriauicsurgica lpatients ,
206-210. 206b
akohol • nd,.,bstanceabuse, 1QZ
cardiaceva!u01ion , 1QL_
208/209/
cognit i"e impairmcntand
dement ia, -2ill!. 206b,207 t
dcp rcssion , 206. 207b
full risk. .lQ'l
- bodya ndrai lt u morsof.
frai lty, 209 · 210, 210!
fu nciion al "1atwi , 1Q2, 209b
mcdiotion managcment , _llfl_
mobilityin , 209
nutri< ionaist;W:, , 2.lQ_
paticntcounsding. 2.lil
poswpern1i\•eddirium , 206-207
pte-0peraiivc 1e>1 ing, 21Q --
pulmonarycnluation , 207-209,
209b --
Optimal th mmhoproph~·laxis, in
nonorthopcx!icrnrgical pa tirn1>,
222
Oralcaviiycanc<r, 795-802
Orold ircctthrombin ,220-!22
Orexigcnicguthormonc, !16 1
Organ , Ch udc H... 17, 17/
Organ lnjuryScalc (OIS) , 410-411
Organinjuryscaling>yS1e1~y,
20851
Organt ra nsp la n t.>tion . ,u
Trlnsplantar ion
Organ·lc\'dtissuccnginecring,.lfi<l
Orirntal cho la ngiohcpat iti<, 1454
Orlism,forobesity.1164 -
Orthopcdicerncrgcncics , 48 1-497
acurccom pa rtrnc nt syndrome.ur
Acwecorn1>•ttmen!
syndrome
dislocations , 493·495
init ial managemcncof,i l l
li mb >alvagc, 483-4114
rnan glcdcx tremirysevcriryscore
484. 484t
rd";;:-;:h,g diSruption.<eel'd"ic
ring disrupt io n
primaryamputat ionof, 483-484
,k dctal >tal> i li>.ati onfor, ~
spinalinjuries ,473t, 491-493,
494/-496/4961
vascularinjurics. 495-497, 495[
497/ --
Orthopedic injuries
diagnosticimagingd, 474-478
cpidemiologyof, 462
fracturctypc , 462--=--465
init ial management of. 4711-481
misseJ.A-2'1 --
patiemevalua tionof, 470 -478
postopcrativernobiliz.~
2fil:5.!!l
surgicalpriori1i1.ationof, 47<J-481
tcrminology of, 462-4(,(i
d>rombocmboliccomplicat io ns of,
500-501, 50 1/
troum aroomcn luar iono(
va>cular inj urics, AlJ:!
Oslcr-Wcl>cr-Rcndu di<casc , JlZ!
Osieoarthrit is, J1L1Qli,
201 7/2018/
Osteoblam, IlJ
Osteochondraldefects. 465-466
Ow,od10ndro111a, 78 1, 7 82/
o,.._.odas« , l l i -
Osteoidosteoma, 781-782, 783f
2013. 201J1.20i4/'"
Ostcomalacia,aftcrgastrccwmy,
1212
0 >1 eoporosi;,af1etg>>1rttwrny,
1212
p lcak ,660
abdominal.1eet\bdominal pain
acu1e, rn echanis111<of,385
biliary trcc discascassoda1e<.lwith,
1505
chronic,389
control of, S-6
postcholccy~tomy.1505
rc!ief o f,;npa11crc>1iccancer,
1552
' ' isccrll. 1120
389
pa1iem-corurolledanalgesiafor,i l l
l'alatc.ha rd , 721_
Palmarspaccinfecrion ,2000-2001
l'alpation ,1125
Panacas , 36.941-962, 949/
964~
asci1esof, 153L 1531/
cyst ic nco plasm,o(, 1537- 1541
typeso( \ 537- 154 1
crn brfologyof,942
cnd ocri nc cdlsof,9431
heterotopic, 123 1
reuoperiwncalpositionof,942/
Mirgcry fo r
1546- 1547
hcadiu morS of,1545 - 1546
tumorsyndromcsof,9431
Pancreasd ivisum , 1522.1522[ 1882
l'ancrcastransplanution ,649-665
f, laddcrdrainagc used in , 660
donor,658 -659, 659/6591
drn inagett:el111iquc; ,660
end ocrincsccrctionsof, 660
entcricdrainageuscd in ,660
cxocrincsccrc!iomof,(,(,O
hbtoryof,649,650b
hyperinrnlinemia in , 660
outron1~• of, 662
pa tiemsckct ion for, 658
portaldroinagcnscdin ,660
l'rocurc mcnt andprcpar.iionfor,
659-660
mrgicalrom p lica1ionsin ,660 -662
bleeding, 66 !
bowel obst ruct ion . 662
infoction , 661
pancrcati tis, 661
thrombosis .660-661
vascula r,660-661
syste m ic drainage used in ,660
Pancreatic cancer
"dj u•·acnthetapy for,1550-1552
chcmothcr~py for, 1550- 1551,
l550t
p•lliat ivetherapyfor,1552
radiationthcr:ipyfor. 1550- 1551,
1550t
l'ancreaticduc<,d;lationof
d iffuscgland u larim•olvcrn cn t
w jtho ut , !536
focalinHammatorymasswithout ,
1535- 1536
scco ndarytoduc tswnes/
strict ures, 1535, 1535/
scro11daryto singles1tic1urc/;1011c,
1535

Pa11crc•1ic <luc1al a<lenocarci11oma,
9471
gencticprogressionof, 15<13.
1543/ - asym ptomadc , 938
Pancre>ticfi>tula>, 319
<l rainwr!mnod-;;;;-i, 1550
Pancreaiicinjurics ,440-441,440/
442/ 1896
l'ancrcaticimraepithcl ial nooplasia ,
gcncdcprogre«ionof, 1543,
1543/ - Papillar~orp; ncalrcgion ,
l'ancrcaiicislets , <ransp!antationof,
.liG2.:..6fil
P.rncrc><icjuicc, major components
of.1522- 1524, 1523/ 1524/
Pancreatic necrosis , 1529-15~0
1529/1530/
l'ancrcaticneuroen<locrinernmors.
944 -959. 949/ 1002.1002/
d iagnosisof, 947-959
ev:il11arionof. _2'.!l
lu11c!ional , fil
gastrinom• , 954-956, 954{
d iagnosis ~ 55
locali1.:u ionof, 955 -'J56
trc>tmen t of, 955-956
generalalgori thmfor. 948/
genetic rn utations jn,946/9471
gluc-•gonorna, 957. 95 7/
histopathologycl.?44-')47
historyof. lli --
insulinoma ,950/
localiutinn nf. .2iZ.:21.B....221:221
<we rvi ewof,,211:
sctttningfor, ..'142
signaltransduciionpathwaysin .
')46/
somah»tatinoma, 957-958
sui;ingnf. 944-94~
treatmcn1 ~59
me1asrn1ic<l isease , 'Vi0 -951
nonmetastat icd iseaselocalized
prcoperat ivdy, 950
nonme<a<taticdisea~>t
locali,cd prcoperativcly,
=
!umorigenesisof, 946-947
vasoacri veintestin~c
9%-'l57
diagnosisof, 956-957
treatmcn t of,..22!!:.222
l'ancreaticpolypcp1ide, 944
Pancreaiicpseudocy>t, 1530- 153 1.
1530/1536- 1537- -
l'ancrcaticsecrction , phasesand
regul>tionof,1524
Pancre>tictraum a, 1552- 1553,
15521
l'ancreaticojejunostomy
lareral, 1535
pa ncre.>togastrostornywnus. \ 549
Pancrcaiicopleuralfistulas , 1531,
1531/ - c:.kiphylaxi< , 928-929. 929/
l'ancreatit is, .66.l_
acute.suAcmepancreati! is
autoimmune , 1532
chronic. setCh ronic pa ncreat itis
idiopath ic,1532
nut ri t ioml considctatio n<, ill
tropic•l, 1532
l'ancreatocutancoushscula, l.ii!
l'ancreatoi;astrn•tomy,
pancrcaticnjc)'mostomyutnus.
1549
l'ani1urnun1ab , 7 191
l'arrniculccto my, 197 1
l'apillarycystadenoma
Papil::r~~~::~~~,;,;:;;;~~'
902 -904,')02/
cl inical feat uresof,902f903/
'lOJ-904 . 9031-9041
pathologicdassihcarion of.
902-903, 903/
!913
Papillomas
breasr, _EJ_.6_
cylindrical cell , ~
>eptal , Jill2
solitaryintrad uctal, 825
Papillomatosis, 836 -
Paracrincsignal~79 -680, 68 1/
l'araewphageal hernia (PEH).
344-345. -144/ 1045,
-1!li2:JJ!lil - 2A , 1009-1010
cl inicalpre>entat io nof, 1059
dcscrip tionof, 1043 - bilacornlncck ~on ,
operat iverepairfor, 1059-1061,
1060f1060t - -
patho physiologyo( I059
prc-opcrat iw,eval uationof, 1059,
1059/ - 932-933
strangulation of, lQ§l
Parngangliomas , 810 , 1612.1912
Paraker>to,is.2!!2_ -
Paralytics, in intcnsivccareunit . 550
Parana.>alsinuses, 802 -805 - remedialpara tl1yroidec101ny.
Parapliaryngcal <p~cc !urnon, 810,
811/ - video-assisted
Parnrectalfoscia , 1314.13l5f
Parasiticinfcct ions, 1596 - 1598,
1597/ 2075
Parathyroid a.kil°o1 na,_22Z
l'arathyroi d carci1101na, __<13Z
l'ararhyroi d disease.3-12-343
inherited , -2.2G:2JZ
familial hypcrpar>thyroidbm
dhordcrs ,2lG:2.1Z.. 9371
muh ipleendocri nenwplasia,
_22§
l'arathr roi d glands. 885 , 923-940
anatornr of. 923_924 - -
ccntral nodc~ n clfccts on ,
embryologyof, ')23. ?24/
localiu1ionof. ~ 9301
invasiveproope rativc. 931,
932/ - Pa rietal cell. a~ri v:i t ion an d secretion
negati\'cirnagi ng, 21-!_
no ninva.<lvcpreoperat t>"e ,
930-931 , 930/
physiologyof, 924 -925
sn rgicalanatornyof. 923-924
l'arathvroidmetabolism,d isnrdcrsof.
-22.i:22.2
congcnitalhypoparathrroidism ,
_w_
hypcrcalccmiccrisis . 928
hypcrparathyroidism T25-926
hypopara thyroidisrn , 925
nonpar•thyroidalhyp~kcmia ,
m n7b
primary hyperparathyroidism .
'BL_ 927t
pseudohypnpara th yroidi sm. __2l_5_
secondaryan<l ieniary
hyperpara1 hyroi<l is111,
-222:22B.. 928b
INDEX
l'aratl1yroidsurgcry
controversyin , --21B.
hrperparathyroidism ,
unilatcral !.'f!nushi b~ ncck
exp!oration , 938, 9381
outcomesaftcr, 935~
bilarcralnerve injury, 935-936
blce<ling/hematoma, -9J6.
cure ra!CS in, lli
nerve m1u ry-rccurrcnt
l>ryngcalner\•e injury,
--2.li:2iG
postopcra rive hrpocalccrnia,
=
supcriorl. ryngc•lnc rvc,
extend hr.inch of,
23i:2l!.!
l'arad1yroidtumors, 1613
l';ir:ithyroidectomy -
inrn uhipleendocrinenooplasia
<urgkal op<ion<, 931-934
931 -932. 932b
ectopic parat hyroid glands.
924/934
cn<loscopicparn1hyro idcc1orny,
invasivetcchniqucs, 934
minimallyinvasi,•e (open)
pnat hyroidcctnmy.932.
933/ Wi lm>t umor, 1888- 1890
Pe<limicsu rgery,1 85 7-1899
934
parat hyro;dcctomy.
933 -934
l';inO, Amhroisc , 4-5 , 4/
l'a,..,meralnuiri1i0!\." l l 7- l22
carbohyd ra1e co11te!H,! 21
complicarionsof.121, 1211
conditions requiring c~utious use
of, 1191 m1ury,
incri1icallyil l paticnt>,563-564 thoracic . 1895
elc.:trolyCcs,122
fl uid,!22
Pe<lide , 1421, 1')55
Pe<lidedflap. 868 -87 0
for mular ionsof. 118- !19, l l9t Pedided gluteusmaximtos. 1963
lipidcontmt , 122 l'cdided gracilis muscle, 1962
o rdering, 119, 120/ Pelvic floor, 13 14, 1315/131(>/
prntcincon tcnt,1 22 anawmyof. 1312- 1318, 1314/
routesof, lll - 112 arterialsupplyandvenousand
l'aremeral nuiri tion -assa<:i~ted liver lympha1ic <l r.inagc .
disease(l'NALD) , 666-667 1314- 1317, 1317/1322/
rnusclcs, 1314
hy,1 193-1194,1194{ ncn•cs,13 18
l'arictalcdlvagotomy, 1206, 120(>/ pararecialfa>cia, 1314, 1315/
l'arotidgland . 807 pel,·icfloor, !314.1315f1316/
l'arotitis,323 - Pelvicfloordisorders,1 381 - 139 1,
l';irsflaccidatcchn i<]uc ,1169 1395- 1400
l'a rr rask trainers . te.•ching diagnosisfor. 138 1- 1382
fundam cr11al sk ;ll;wj1h, 402, jncorui neuce,1395-139 7
403/ rcctoalc,1399- 1400
l'arcialbrcastirrnd iation , 853.8541 recmmprolapse. su llcctalprola1"e
l'artialshums,1443.1443/ Pelvicfracrnres, Young and Burgess
l';irtial weigh t bearing, 502 classificationd.489,490/
l'assiveserotherapy. 7 16-717 Pelvicinfecrion ,2039
l'assjvcwar ming, 55 -56 Pelvicmasscs,2035
l'astcur,l.oui s, {,J_ - managernen t of,2046.2047,
l'atcll!ducms arteriosus{PDA) , 20461
1625-1626.1625/
Pathoi;cn-as"x:iatcdmolccula r
pattcrns( l'AMl's) . 11, 26/
l'athogcn -spccificconsiderations,
256-262
l'a thologicfractures, 463
2133
INDEX
Pelvis , 2069-2070
anacom)'o( 2027-2033
diagnoscicimaging of, 475, 476/
cmbrpilogyof, 2027, 2Q1s ,
injurico to. 444-446,445/
scobk -4.lIB
urmabk 488-489
l'embroliwmab, 719r
l'enetratingabdo m inalr ra toma ,
c,·.lua!ion of, 434, 434{
Pcnicillins, 258-25 9
Pcpsinogen ,1 195
l'ep<icukerdisease, 1!43-1145,
drngs, 1198-1199
surgical proc~dures for, 1205
Pept idehormones, -21.1 - physiologyof,1 075-1076
Pcrn"'io n,1125
l'crcutancouscn do_;copicg.stmstomy
(PEG), bc.lsidc , 579-583
l'errnrnneousethano linjenioo (PEI) ,
JA<il
Per<:utancoustrnnshepatic
dwlangiography (l'TC}, in
bi liary tree disease . 1489, 1490/
l'crcu t;ineousvein abbtion ,
11137- 1839
l'crfluon><'."Arhons, 78, 78/
Perfora1edappendicilis
bacteria commonly isolated in.
1302
Cro lrn's <li<ed<e and , 11§2
esophagcal. 1025-1026, 1025/
l025r - -
ulccr <li.ca:;c a™>Cbtc<l with ,
12o4- 1205, 1204/
Perfora wrflaps . 1942
l'erianal<likase,125 7,1341
Crohn'sd iseaseand. l.Ui.5_
2134
Pcria11al tutnots, 141 2-1 414
l'ericardial cym. l§.!Q
l'ericardialtamponade. 1678
Pcriduct:il ma>1 i1 i; ,l!.16_-
Pcrimcml>ranous vcntricubr:;cptal
defeet , 1628
Perinea! hernia , 1115
l'erineal procrosigmoidectom)'. for
rectalprolapse . 1384,
1385f1386f -
Pcrincum ,2070
r<"<Construct ionof,1 962- 1963,
1963/
Perioperativebctablockertherap)'
recommendat ion . 1..!1
Pcriopcrati,·cdiabctic management,
216-217, 2161
l'erioperativeisehemia, 297-299
caukof,2'1Z - -
presentat ion anddiagn osisof. J.2Z
treatmentof, 297-2?9, 298t, 29?/
Pcriopcr.tti,·clivcrdccornl'cnsation,
565-566
magncticrc<onanccangiogr:iphy
in, !764.1764/
lowerextremit)'•tnputations ,
\ 76?- 177 1,1 769/.176?1
above-kneea mpo tation , l77l
177 1/
hdow-knccampuiation , 177 1,
177 1/
ray amputat ion , 1770.1 770/
transmctatarsa l amputation ,
1770- 1771 , 1770/
mcdical1rcauncntof, 1764 - 1765,
17661
open surgical management ,
1772- 1775
aorto iliacdiseasc ,1772- 1774,
1774/
complicatiocisof, 177 5
lowcrexttem ityocd usive
disease . 1771- 1775
Petipheralancrial di>c""' (Cc>11i>wrd)
physiologic testing and imaging ,
1758-1764.1 758f 1760/
17581- 17591
science of, 1755- 1756
surgicalrevascularizat ion
proce<luresfor,1 77 1-1 772
su rgical treatment in , !765-176?
crit icalli mb isehem ia, 1767.
1768/
diahcticfoot , 1767- 176?, 1768/
intermittemdaudica1ionfor.
1765 -1 767, 1767/
treatm entof. 1764- 1779
l'eriphcralartery.>neurysms. 1782
Pcriphcralncrvcblo<'.ks, 382-
PcriphcralTrcg<,613 -
l'eriphcralvaseulardisease, 352
l'eriponal zone,of ]i,•er,1429
Peritoneal cavity, 1075
Peritoneal disorders . 1076-1081
asd tc< , 1076-1078 1076b
pcrironitis. ue Pcrirnni tis
l'eritonealspace , 1096-10?7
Pc;;::n~:~:~ 1 ~~,~~·1~~~~ 1067/
11
mal ignan t neopfosms of.
1080- 1081
andpcrironcalavity, 1075-1081
anatomyof. 1075, 1075/
Pcriton itis, 1078- 1080, ..!.!lQ:.!.!l!
ambulatotyfX'riwneal
dialysis,1079-1080
percussionand , 1125
l'eritrochantericmetastat icrenalcel l
cardnom>, 779/
Pcrivcnu lar •m nc,oflivcr,1429
Peronealperforawrs , 1829/
Peronealvcin , 1829/
l'eroneal,·essels, 1822/
l'eroralendoseopicmyotom)'
(POEM), 397, 397/
PcTShtcnt artcri-;Jd;"ict , 16 2 ~-16 26
1625/
Persistemaneria l irunk, 1 6~0- 16U.
1631fl632/
l'ersistcnt seiaticartery.1 78 1- 1782
Pcr.<onali,cd medicine tria l<. .!2!!:!12
Pcrnnumah, 7 19<
l'eurz-Jegherssyndromc ,6911. 1271,
1368t, .Lllb.!211 - vascular anomalies , 1947
l'erer's patchc>. 1245
l'h armaeo<lyn am io, 251
Pharmacokinctics,251
Pharyngoc<nphagcal (Zenker)
diverticulum , 101?- 1020, 1020/
l'hcmermine,foroksit)'. 1164
l'hcnykphrinc, 556
l'h eoch romocyto ma,980-985, \ 612 ,
2062
l'hlebography, 1833
l'hotodynamictherapy.236
Phrenic nerve , 1672/
Phrcnoe<ophagcal membrane ,
l 05lf
l'hrenopulmonar)'h iatus , 1093/
l'hpicalcxamin0<ion , forcongc11 i1al
hc.u rdiscase . 162 1-162 2
l'hysiologic dedine, 32?-331
l'hytohcwaTs, 347 - -
Pickwickiansyndromc, 1167
PICOTreseard1question, !831
l'igeonbreasi , 160 1
Pilocyt icamocyrom>. 1?11
l'ilon idaldisease , 1408-140?
l'incalrcgio nturnoTS, 1912-1913
l'incohlas10ma , 1')13
Pineoc)'wma , 1912- 1913
l'inna . ~
l'iriform>inuse>, ~
l'iriformis mu scle, 1093/
l'iivipcts, 532, 533/
l'i1u i1ary<;;;g;:-ry, 805, 806/
Pituitary-t h)'toid tee:dbackloo1»
<valuat io n of. .!!.§.2
Place-and-holdprotocol. 1?90,
\ 9?0/
l'lacc1ualabrup1ion , 204? -2050
l'lainradiography - -
forappendicitis. 1299
forcongenitalhear1d isease , 1622,
1622/ -
Plaque morphology, !755
l'la.srnacelk 616
l'lasrnacyroiddcndrit iccdls ,
600·601
Plasmacytoma, 191 4
Plast icrnrgcry, 1938- 1?74
ofhcada ndncck ,1')48 - 1953
facialaesthc1icsurg<ry,
1950- 1953
facialrcconstruction ,1950
facialtransplamat ion , 1950
maxillolacial ttaum>,
1?48- 1')49
sealpr<"<'OllS!fUC!iOJ»
1949- 1950
pediatric, 1945- 1?48
craniofacialsurgcry,1915 - 1947.
1945/
mdanocyticncvi , 1948
neckmass.,s,1947- 1948
oftrunk. 1?53- 1?65
l'latdet endothclial ccll.>dhesion
~ (PECA/v!-1) , _!l!i_
l'latclcts
alphagranu les , 130- 131
deseript ionof, .!lQ
Pl>tcs, 468-470
l'lcomorphicadcnoma, _§_QZ_, 808/
l'leur~ , 1604-1607
l'lcur~l effusion;, 1(,()4- 1605 1604b
benign. 1605
ma lignam , 1605. 1606/
Plcur:iTAuid , 1605
Plcu r:il spacc , 1604
inju ri cs, f i l 428/
l'lurnrncr-Vin>on syndrome , 798
Pluripotemsremcells, 154 . i6J,
164t --
induccxl , J..!i.i,J.fil
Pneu matic antishock garments, i l l
l'neumatosisiniestinalis. 1289,
1289/
l'nromorptiscari'1ii, 1597

pneumonia
l'neu mo1horax , BQ:fil 1607 ,
1Go7b
gaslrocsophagcalrcfluxdi_-;casc
surgery and, 1056
Poland syndrome,1 601
Polyarte ritisnodos>, 1780
l'olycystic liverdisease, 1469
Polydaciyly, 2015, 20 1l f
Polyrn astia , 814
Polymer., 1'544- 1945
l'olymorphonude.rcells
apoptosiso( IJ2
wound -hc.>lin-;;;; le o( 1.12
Polyrnyxins , 260-261 - Postopcrat iwcornplkAtions ,
d osing of,~
l'olyoma(B K~rus ,656 -657
l'olypoi<llesions,ofgallbladd er,
1511 -15 12, 1511/
Polyps. 1uab0Familialadenomatons
po lyposis (FA !')
..s risk factor< for gastric ~"-nCCt,
12 15, !215/
l'olytheli J. 824
Polyun" "';:;;;:-d ~ fanyacids.
=
Popl i1eal anerya 11eurym1S, !782,
1783/ - Va>cular
l'opliiealencrapmcmsyndrome ,
=
Popl itcalvcin , 1829/
Porrnccpha ly,1927
PonacavaJ;hum,end-w-side,1440
Portalh )'penension,1436 - 1445
assessmentof.1137
bleedin grel.ced co , 1148-llSl ,
1149/ --
managcmcnco( 1149-1150,
1149/ --
endoscopic, 1149-1 150.
1\ 50/- -
me<lical, J.1±2
othcr,1 150
rchlcedjngprcvcn1ion ,
1150- 115 1
<lefio i1ionof, 1436- 1437 , 1437/
pathophriologyof, 1437
Portal ped idcs, 1425
Portal vein
CAYcrnom3lous!r.insforma!ion of,
1437
of liver, 1423- 1424, 14 24/
Ponosystemicshun ts . 1433
Positivcend ex piratorypre'5ure
(PEEP), 558
Positron emission tomography
(l'ET) . 792
with " F-fl-;,:;;-odcoxyglucose, J!2Z
gastricca nccrstaging and , 122 1
Postanesthesiacare, ..JBl:J.M -
circulatoryco rnplications, J..8..4
cogni ti ,·edcclinc, -18.3
d el iriu m, 383
hypmheri~J.&i
postopcr3livcagiu1ion , J83
postopcr>1ivcna •1Scaao d
vomiting, 383-384, 3841
pn<wpetO!iVc\'isual lo<s, ..3.M
respira1orycomplica t ions. 1.!lJ
PrcgnanC)' (Gm linu~dJ
Posteriorleaflec , 1694/
Post crior re<:tusshcath incision, with
rctmm uscularmcshpl accmcnt ,
! 112
!'osteriorre1roperi1011eoscopic
aclrenalccto my. 22Q:22..!_, 990/
l'ostgastrectomys)'n drom es
l2llllli
Post -gastric h~·pa<> non iosuli no m a
pancrea1ogenoushypoglycemia
syndrome , 959
l'ostmeno pau salp;licnts, with UTl .
2W2
340-342
Prehabilitac ion ,342
l'rcmenop ausal pacicms,wich UTI .
l'rcoper.it iveassc'5 ment, 3J4-.HO,
!'ostoperat ive fover, 289-290 . 28?1
Postopcrat ivc hypcrtcn,ion , 296-2?7
Postopcro tivc
!'ostoperati1•e
infcctions, 193_ 5 _
ntanagcme ITT,Ol'
inj ury, 1822
Postopcrat i•·e pneumonia , 247-2'1? ,
2471 --
!'<>'1radia1ionhypotliyroidism , 890
Post-thro mhotj csyndromc(PT S) ,
1840
!'ost-1ransplan1a1ion
lymphoprol ifcra tivedisorder
(l'TLD) , 627 . 672
Post- tr.ium atic~t~trc>. 2019
:::;::~:111;a~~~;;cningi1 i., ~
!'ouchofDouglas, 1313- 13 14
l'ouchi t i.,\3 '1 6 . ~
Poupartligamem, 1066-1067
Pm·idonc-iodinc,2-55- -
Powcrcdph lc hcc10 my (TriVcx) , 1840
Prebioc ics ,1320- 1321
PreJnisone, 623r
l'reganglio ni c symp.nhctic nerves ,
\3 18
Pregnancy
abdomin al pain in , 1131 - 1 132,
1131f 1132r, 2057. 205 7b
acmeabdomc nin , 205 7. 2057 b
adenosiso( fil
anesthesiasafctyconccrnsin
2056-2057
brc~st C&nccr associ~ tcd with ,
2058 -205?
breascmasses, 205 8- 2060,2061/
colonand rcct umin , 2064
diagnosticimagingconsidcratiom
in , 20 5 5-2056,20551
cndocti nc d iscasc in, 2062-2063
hc pa ciccomplicationsrelaccd to .
2050
hc pa to hiliary d isca:;cin ,
2JlJill'"""1
-
h iswry.2036
i11 flammawrybowel diseasc in,
melanoma and . ~
physiologiccha nges in,2053·
2055 ,20 541
prctcrm bhor, prevention of. 2057
smal!bowel obotructionin , 2~
surget)'duriug,204 7-2051,
2053-206 7
diagnoscicconsideracioman<l
cvaluation ,2048
m inimallvi nvasivc. 2057-2058,
205 8b,2059/- -
physio logic changesin ,
204 7-2 048
surgica l co mp licacionsof.
2048-2049
tliyroiddi<c>.\.cin , 911-912
h )'J>e rt hyro idism~
h ypoihyro idism, 912
thyroidcarcino m0 12
t h)"roidnodulc . 9 12
traurna in , 2065 -
"<0SCu!ar discascof, 2064.2065
2llZl.
335r,336/ --
cogni!i"c "'"'"'rn cn1 , 335-337
comorbidi ty, 337-338- -
frailty,339
functionof, )38 -339
activiticsof da ily livjng. 338
American Society of
Ancs1hesiologis1>
d a,.ifi ocion ,338
exercise tolerance ,338
gait, moh ility, and fall risk
37Jb
fascingbeforesurgery.376,376r
hepat icdisease, 37 5
nutrition, endocrinology, and
metabolism , 3 75-376
pulmonary discasc ,374-37 5,3 7 51
rrnal discasc, 375
syscemsapp roachto, ll!bZ.22
cardiovascularsystcm , 1.!Q:l.!b
211t
immunes)'stem,218
o ra l d irect thrombin and r.~ct or
Xainhibitors , 220-222
pulmonar)' S)'S!C1n , 2l2 -213 ,
2l41-215 r --
renal system , l_!l
INDEX
Prroper:ui vcfaS! ing, 228 -230
Preopemivcmalnlltrition. 1325
l'reoperativepreparacion,of pa cient ,
=
Prcopcr:uh-cskinprcpar:uion , .2.ll
Preopera 1iv~ surger)'. princip les o f,
2fiLMll
l'reoper>tivctesting,ingeri.>iric
pa tient5, 2l!l
Prcpcritoncal fat , 1067/
Prcpuhcrta lgynccoma:;d a, 822-823
Pressure control \'cmilacio1;:-ss8
Pressureregula1c.:lvolumeconcrol,
558
Pressure ulcers , stages of,
1965- 1967
Pretcrm bbor. prevent ion of. 2057
Pri.,pism , 20 97
Primary adren al insufficiency, l l i
Primaryampu!ation , 483-484
l'rimarybiliarycirrho~
l'rimarybonesarcomas. iOT.3
Primarybraintumors . 1 ~1 9 15
cen trol nervous system metast,, is ,
19 15. 1916/
gcrmcd l tumor< , 1914
intra-axialbrainmmors,
19 10- 1?12
ly mphom asand hcmatopoictic
tu mors , 1914
meninges,tun1or o f, 1913
neuto11al ,an<l n1ixcdneurunal-
gliallllmors, 19 12
pinealregioncumors , 1?12- 1913
p rim itivc ncurncctodcrmal ttinl<>r>.
19 \3
sel!arr<11ion,1umorsof,
19l 4 - l 9 l 5. 1914/
Primary centra l nervous system
lym phoma , 1914
Primaryhcpa1icncurocndocrinc
tumors, 1464
l'rimaryhyperaldo«erooism ,
m.:w.
Primaryhyper parathyroidism . ?27 .
?271 -
diagnosisof, 92 71. 929, 929 /,
inmu h i plccndocr~rnp la>ia
1ype 2. IOO?- IO lO
l'rimary nwdiaS! ina lqsts,
1580-1581 ._!§__l_Q
l'rimarymcdiastinal neoplasms,
l.G..lli:..LhlJ
endocrine tumors, ~
ganglion tumors, 1612
germ cell rnmors ,lf!l
lympho m as , 16\3
mal ignant nontera toma tousgcrm
cdl !umors, lf!l
ncurohlastoma, 161 2
neurogrnicrnmors , 1612
non>rnunomacoustumors ,
pa ragangl ioma
(pheoch rurnocywma) ,16 12
scrni no mas, lf!l
!<r:ttomas, 161!
chymoma, 1610-1611 , 1610/
Primary nerve repair, \ 992- \ 993
Primary patency, 1797
Primar)'p11cu1na10<is, 1289
Ptim aryrcnaldiscases,rccurtcncc
ra tesand ,6511
2135
INDEX
l'ri111ary<elero>i11gdwlangi1is (PSC) ,
fil 1J41 , 1508- 1509
cl inical pre..,ntation of. 1509,
1509/
treat ment of. 1509
l'rimarysolidmalignantnroplasms,
1458-1 464
hcparocellularcarcinomo
1458-1463
in1rahcpaticd1olangiocardnoma ,
~ artcrydi;casc , 1668
Primarysun·ey, 413
l'rimarywound ~ ure, 1938
l'rimitiveliver. roleo( 1420
l'rinrnm atfiovcntricobrscptal
dcfc..:t ,1629
l'rol>an<l , .61:!.2
Probiotics,l320- l321
l'ro<:es"'d !ipoasp ira<ecdls, _lfil
Procidenria, 1382- 1387, 1382/ m
a/wl<e<otalprolapsc
l'ronii is, l}iQ
l'ro<:tocolcc rnmy, reMor>tivc
crit ical consideration in,
1346-1347
IPAAand ._!l!!!
rostopera t ivecarefor. 1348
:::;~,:'.~,',:~~:,~,~:r::;,:~,~.' ~95
Progressi•·ecare un i1, l93-l'l'i
Pronamrsyndrome , 2006-2007
l'rop.1gatcdactivity,incolon ,1324
Propcnsiryscorcanalysis, l.B..h182
l'roperdin ,1 557
l'rophylac1 ictna>tccw111y, l!J.5
l'rophylaxis,endocardit is, 373-374
Propionate,13 23
Propofol, 362.3631, 550-551.
557-558 --
l'ropronolol, 124,523
l'rostagb,,d;1;---F2a~ l
l'romghndins , E2 , 7TO
Prostate,anammyof, 2069-2070
l'rostatccAnCcr,2100-2102 , 2 1011
Pro,1atc-•pccihcantigcn (PSA) ,
699-700
l'rosd1e1ic ''alws, 17 031, 17111,
1714- 1716, 1715/ 1715r
l'rotaminc , 1676- 1677
!'rote~«: «:rinc I (f'RSS!) gene , 1532
Protcasc>. .lil -
2136
l'townpu1np inhil_,irors,asrisk
foctorforgasrriccancer,
1215-12 16
l'roto·oncogcnc<, 1363
Provi raljnscrrion ~iagcncsi5, 697
Proximalcholangiornrcinoma,
ireatmemof, 1517.151 7/
l'roximalcontrol. 1814
l'roximalgamicv:igotomy, 1206
Proximallcftantcriordc<ccnding
l'roxima lpara1ibial perfora mt1,
1829/
Prune-belly syndrome. 1579-1580
1'-sdectin ,612
P«:udohypacalami~ . 924
P<cudohyp<>parathyrokl;;n , 90.925
l'scudomembranouscolitis ,.!L:.Ll_
Puudomon11S aer"gi110"1, 264
>ppendicitisand ,1 297
l'sc11domyxomapcritonei , 1080,
1080/1308
P«:udo-oli>!rnction , 1336-1339,
1338/
l'scudoperitoneal cyst ,1 929
P:;cndoxanthomadasticum , 1781
Pwasahsce", 1086/
Pwa> muscle, 1096/
Psoa>sign , 1125
l'sychosis, 320-321
l\yll ium ,1321 - 1323
Pubeny, 822-823
Pubic tubercle , 1095/
Puborttialis,13 14
Pucstowprocedutc, rnodified, 1535
l'ulmonaryamryslings .1651 , 1652/
l'u lmonaryaneryun ifocalization ,
1637
Pulmonary artery vise , 1632
Pul111011aryauesia
inrnnventricula rscf>tun1and,
1636- 1637
withventricularseptaldefoct,
1637
Pulmonary disease , 374-375. 375t
g:mroewphagealreAuxdiscase
and, 1046
1'11 lnionarydysfunction , opcnaortic
surgery,complicationsof, 1742
Pulmonaryc<lcma , 293-294. 293b
cau.<.<--s of, 29~-2 ~
presentat ionan<lmanagememof.
12.£ 2941
Pnlmonaryembolislll . 230, 294-296
inbariatricsurgcry. T\8i - -
inintrnsivccareuni1,567
Pulmonarvcvalm1ion , 207-209,
209b
l'ulmonaryfunnionte<t ing,37 5
Pulmonary infections , 1595-1598
hronchiectasi s, J222- -
brunchopulrnonarydisorders, 1595
fungalandpara>itic,1 596.15~
1597/
lungabsces.s ,..!222
mvcohactcrjalinfections,
.li22:.l..22!i
Pulinonaryinjuries, 428.429, 429/
Pulmonaryrnetast3<cs, 1599· 1600
l'ulmonaryphysiology, in newborn ,
1858-1859
Pulmonaryocqucstration , 1581,
186~-1866 - Radioimmunotherapy, .zl.!.
Hcspiratorysystcm
Pulk oximetry. for conge11 i1al l1c~tt
discasc . 1622
Punch biopsy, of cutaneous
mclanoma , 11i!_
Putrcfaction ,1323
Pyelonephrii is, 207 3, 207 3/
Pylorus-preserving Whipple
procedure, w,.,~snon -pylorns­
prcscrving Whipplcprocedure,
1549
Pp>gcnkab$Cc>s. 1445- 1449
dinica l feaiuresof, 1446.1 447
1447/ 14471
amebic .> bscc"wm<s, l 448t
d iffcrcntialdiagnosisof,
1447-1448 14481
epidemiology of, 1445
-
outcomes of, J±i2
pa1hogencsis of,1445 - l446.144Sr
pat hology and microbiology of.
l'yogenicgranuloma,2012
Pyruvatc, 102
o~ idat i ..:;-Jecarboxylation of, 102/
Pytu\'atekin....,ddicicncy,1561
Pyuria, 250
Q
Qnaljtyoflifc,,mall howcl
'"rnsplant ationdfcctson , Ji7J
Quali1y-adjusiedlife-1·cars (QA LYs),
_ill
Quantim ivetests, forliver.1436,
1436t
R 1938- 1945
Rsiatus, 1217- 1218
Ral_,bi1 atuith yn1ocyteglobuli11
(RATG) , 625 -626
Rabies , fil:i18_
Radi.lancry, 200(>f
Radial artery graft , 1673
Radial foroarm fa>ciocuianrous Hap.
8 13-814 , 814{
Hadi ~ ill
Hadiation, in pregnancy, 2060
Radbtioncarcinogrncsi s,( ;95-696
Ra<li>1ioncn1critis,1290-~
129-0b
Ra<liation 1herapy
basal cell carcinoma treated with ,
749
breastcancertrc>tedwith , J!'.ji
breast reconstruction , ill
afterbrtast-conse,.,,ing surgery...853.
contraindica1ions10 ,846b
foresophagcalcanccr. 1036-1037
fo• pancreaticcancer,1550- 155],
1550t
posunastccwmy,1!.SA
squamous cell carcinoma treated
with , 749
Radical neckdi=ction , 794,794 (
Radioactive iodine t herapy. ~
Radioacti\'e iodine uptake, 889,
889b,890/ - inwsiigationof, 1382.1383
Radiofrcquencyablation (RFA) ,
236-237 . .12!!., IOH-10~-l.
iliLJA62
Radionudide<ea11ning,diagn0<ic>g
lower G I hemorrliageus ing,
ll22_
Radionudidcs, 12.l.
Radiosurgcry. 237
Radon,associatedwithlungcancer,
1583
RAGl. 6 14 -615
RAG2 ,6l4 -615
Raloxife11e. ~
Ramucirumah, 7191
Ramus imcrmcd ius. 1658
Randomizc<l<:on trolledtrials
(RCTs), 178
variaiionsof.\78 -1 79
Randomize<lOn/OffBypass
(ROOBY)rrial. 1680
Ranibiwmah, 719r -
Ransol10ffsign . 11261
Rapamycin , 627. ,«11b0Sirolimus
Rasgone fan\ily.90l-90l
Rasielliprocedur~
Rathkc's pouchcysts , 803-804
R..~xihacumah , 7191
Ray amputation , !770, 1770/
Raynaud p hcnomcnon , 1603-1604
Raynaudsyndrome , 1779 - 1780
RCIS. u eRandomize<l controllcd
trials (RCTs)
Reactive asthma, obesity and , 1 167
Rc<:ep1ivcrdaxa1ion, 1196
Rttcptor1. i11 srnall in!c>< inc, 1245
Recons! inn ion ,119 7
hrca>Li«lircas1rcconstruction
in chest wall , 1603
11 ipple-arrolar, 876/
Norwood , 1648, 1648/
for pancreas, 1546. 1548/
oftrachca , J22i
Rccon>trnct ivctcchniquc5,
alloplasticmaterials,1943- 1945
1nicrov....,ular frtt tissue 1ransf~r,
1942- 1943
primary wound closure, 1938
.kinfhp<urgcry, 1939- 1942
>kingrafts ,1939
1issueexpat»ion,1943,
Rc.:1al cancer, 1377- 1381 ,
aboColorect>lcanccr
abdomina l perincalrcscctionin ,
137 9
fulgurationof,1379
localexcisionof,1378 - 1379
lowamerior resection in ,
1379- 1380.1380}1381/
transanalendo:;copic microsurgery
of,1379
trca1mrntof, 1377- 137 8
Rectal fascia , 1314
Rec1alpain,occurrenccof. ~
Rectal prolapse, lJ82- l387 , 1382/
1397- 1399
ahdominal proc~xlurcs in ,
1398-1399
anatomy of, 1382
biofeedbackand,1 399
caux:sof, 1382
clinical p rcsmtationof, 1397
diffcreiu ial diag11osisa11 d
incontinence and,1399
operat iverepairfor, !383-1387
abdominal approaches,
1 '18'1-1 ~84
perineal approaches, 1384- 1387
pllhogcncsisof,1 397 - -
pathophysiologyof. 1382

Rec.al prolaps.e (Conthwed)
perinealprocedurcs in,1397-
1398, 1399/
prcopcrativccvaluat ionof,1397 .
1398/
surgicalcorre-cc ionof,1 397- l399
symptoms of, 1382
Rectocdc , l388-l389 , \388/
1399-1400
dinicalcvalu>tion of, 1399-1400
t reatment of, 1400
surgical. 1400
Rectopexy.with m<>h fixa1ion , 1399
Rcctovaginal fisru la , 1409-1410
Rectovagina\ scptum , 2033
Rcci um, \093/ 13121393
anatomy of, 1312- 1318, 13 14{
arterialsupplyandwnousand
!ympha1icdrainage.
1314- 1317, 1317fl322/
nerves,1J l 8
par.trec1alfasda, 1314, 1315/
pckicAoor, 1314, 1315fl316/
cmbryo!ogyo( 13!2.1313/
fo><:iapropriaof,1314
k ngthof, 1313- lJ \ 4
posterioraspcctof. 13 14
f>O<w1.enm•cn'"nagc1 ncn1
l"otocolsof, 1329-1330
inprcgnancy, 2064
preoperat ive workup and stoma
planning,1324- 1330
intestinal sto maspbnning,
1326, 1326/
nu1ti1ional am,.> mctu ,1 325
preopcrati\•ebowd preparat ion ,
1325-1326
>toma typc5, 1326- 1327
Rectusabdom inism u><:k , 1067/
1070/
Rec1 usabdon1inis n1)'0Curnnrous free
Hap.815/
Rectussheath , 1066-1067, 1067/
1070/ - -
hcmatomaof, \ 072
Recurremdisea.e,1reatmeruof,
lli.:lli
Recurrent hcrnias ,1104
Recurrent intestinal obstruction ,
rnanagcrncntof, 1253-1254
Recurrcntlaryngcalnervc, .l!!.L 812/,
882-883, 883/915/ ')20
Recu~genicdwlang;;i. ,
1454-1455, 1455/ \ 507- 1508
presen tat ion of, 1507- 1508, 1508/
treatm ent of, 1508
Red man syndrome , 262
Redoco ronaryarterjbypassgrnfci ng,
1683/
Reductio n mamm aplasty, 1955
Refc.:d ing,yndrome, __IJ_Z_, 563-564
Rege11cr.11io n
defi nition of, _lfil
ofliver,1435
s1emcellsfor.1uStemcel!s
Rcgcncr.tt ivc ma!idne , 163-172
biocnginceringfor, 168- 169
Regional anesihcsia, 378-382
1,,.,.~1 ancsthciic d rugs , 378-380,
3801
spinalanesthcsia,380-381
Regionalpcrfusion, 61-63
Rcgor.ifcnib, fo r gastrointcsti nal
>tromaliumors, 1280
Rehal_,il irn1io11,ofacutctr3uma, 446
Remedialpa rathyroi dectomy. ~
Rc;iingelectroc<trd iognphy, fo r
coronaryarterydiscase. 1662
Resting cnergyexpenditure(REE),
i!fillj)
Rcstitution ,1197
lkswrn1 ive proctoco!ectomy
cri1icalconsidera1 ion in,
1Yi6-l347
ll'At\and ,111__!!_
postopcra1i,·ccarcfor, 1348
Rcsusdtation , 44-45 - Right adrcnal vcin ,964f965/
endpoimsof.555-556
fluid , 69/
blceding , 64 -65
blon<! substitutes, 77-78
acutc, .JQl:lQl causi ngi nflamma!ionafter,G81
cau<csof, 301- _W2. 3021 damage con trol. 70, 70b
d iagnosticevaluaiionof.3031 evolut ion of, !il;JI
freeze-drie<lplasma , l'J-80, 79/
future rc.c.uch , 77-8--r--
hi story of, 44-50---
massivc tr•~on protocol ,
1!:.U_, 731
with _l_;_l__;_L Zl
perfluorocarbons, 78. 78/
r ha rmacologicag.;:;-;; fo,, l!Q:!!_!
r roblcm, with , 63-67. 641
shock treatc<l wi!h,55 5
<u<pendcd anirna!ion ,lU_
wboleblood, 70-71
inoper.tt ingroom ,21
Rcsuscitati\'c cndovascular h.:.lloon
ocdu,ion of the aorta
{REBOA), 416-4 17
RETprow-oncogcne, 1004, 1005/
Retainedbiliarystone..----r505.1506/
Retinoblastoma , 690.6911,692/
Rct inohlastoma p.o.;:;n (pRb) ,
iifil.:fil!l
lktrogrodeuretl irognms,2093/
lktropcriwneal aon ic e~po<ure ,
1730-1731. 1730/
Retroperitoneum, 1065- 1091
ab<-cc><c<of, \ 0~1 0861
an>tomyof, 1085
disorders of,!086- 1089
fibrosisof, .lillil_
hematomasof, 1086- 1087
malignant oeoplasmsof,
.l!!1!1:J.!lli2
oper:uiveap prm chcsto , 1085
sarcomaof, 766-770. 76~
1088-1089, 1088/
Retrovir.i l vectors , .!§2
Revasculariz.>tion
complct<:nc«of, 1668
for LCA CAO , 1668
for previousCABG , 1668
Revascularil aiion procedure,
evaluating, 1782- 1784
Rever"'abdo minoplasty, 1971
Rcvi><..J Cud iac Risk Index (RC RI} ,
1l!!:1l!_,_ 2111
Revised Tm1ma Score (RTS) , 411,
41 11 - Safety
Rcwarming tcchn i<1ucs, 55-56, 561
Rhabdomyolysis, _2!}_ -
Rhabdornyo<arcorna, 804-805,
1890-1891 --
cl inical presentation of, 1890
diagnosis and staging of,
1891b
INDEX
Rhinoplasiy. 1952
Rhomboid flaps, 1940
Rhytis, 1952
Rib fractu re>, 1603
Richmond Agitat ion and Sedation
Scor«(RASS), --5AB.
Rie<lel lobe , 1422- 1423
Riedelmu ma, 891
Rll'L£criteria. 564, 564r
Rightadrcnal gland ,964f965/
Right coronary cusp. 1694/
Righ t hepatic vein , 966/967/
Right infe rior phrenicartery.
964/965/
Right lym pha1icduc1 , 1849/
Right renal artcry,964f965/
Right renal ''ein,964/965/
Righ1-sidMdi,·eriiculi1is,special
consider>tionsfor. 13J4
Ringer,Sydne)', 48 . 48/49/
Ringcr'ssol utiOJ;-;--69, 691
Ripstdnrcpa i r,fo~ talprolapsc ,
ll!:Ll_
Rirnximab, 6231. f i l 7 19r, _ll__Q
Rivaroxa ban , 221
RNA vi ruses. 697
RNA-basc<l markers, 701-702
Rohotk pancrcadcoduodrncctorny,
1549-1550
Robo1icsplencctomy. 1566-1567
Robotiu,393-406
Rocbll.core, .l.111, 1142h, 11Ql,_
1202r
Ro.:uronium , 3651
Roentgon.Wilhelm , 8
Rol linghern ia.1044f
Rooste,. , 1604
Rossopcr:uio n, 1642- 1643
Rorn1ionflaps .1940
Roncr's nodes. ]lQ
Round ligament pain . 1306
Routinescrceningtests,forliver,
1435-1436
Roux-cn-Ygastrichypass (RYGB) ,
959 , 1163- 1165,1169- Jl?l,
ll71b,l i72/11 75/
complicat ion,of, 1181 - 1182,
11811
Sabi><on,David, 12- 13, 13/
Saccularanc11 rysms. 1904- 1906,
\905b, \ 905/ 19{)61. 1907/
Sacralpressuresores, \ %7
Sacrococcygc• ltcrato~l893-
189ti, 1893/
for f>t:dsidc surgic>lproccdn rc< ,
578-579, 579b, 580/
cult ureof, fo>1et ing, 1brough
lcader:ship , 188
national and healthcare
system-level.afetyini tiat ives,
190-195. 190h,19 1J- 192•
pcriopcr:nivc , localorgani·,,tional
S!fuctur«!O pro1noie,
2137
INDEX

angiosarcoma , 750, 842
dern1a1ofibrosarromaptotubcra11s ,
Schwarmoma , 1913
Scia tic hernia , 1 115
Scim i1ar syndrome, 1581 , 1627
Sderosams, 1836 - -
Sdcrosingaclenosis, 836-837
Sdcrosingmcscnteri~
Scorpionsiings , 540 - Serum albumin lcvd , _!Q!l_, \ 081
Segn1crua l fractu res, 464, 46{)/
Segmental rcsection ,2042
Seizured isorder, 32.l
cau><--s of, Jl!
prc<cntat ionandrnanagcrncn1of,
=
Selecti•·earierialsecretagogue
injection (SAS!). 100-0-1001
Select ivepancreacicarteriography,
1ill!!l.:lilll.
Sclcct ivc>h un tS , 1441 - 1443, 1442/
Sdect ivevagocomy, 1205-1 206
Se llarregion,tumorsof, 1914- 1915,
1914/
Sernilunarline, 1070/
Sernilunarvalvcs,anatomynf, 1694/
Scminoma<, Jii.l!
Senescence, _!!M
Senn,Nichol~. _2
S.:ntinel lymphno<lebiopsy.
736-738, 736/
in<lica!ionsof, 7 37
Mu ld ccn tcrSelcc!lvc
Lympha<lencctomyTrial,
736-7 37
tcchnical <lct>ilsof,737-738,
737f738/
Sentinellyrnphnode<lissection,
849-850
lym p hatic mapping for. ~
omcomesof. Ji'.U
>elcc<io no f pad cn ufo r, 850-85 \
S.:psis --
geneticsa,,Jgcnomicsof,
242-243
immunocher>p)·for, 33-35
proceinmctabolismderange<l
<luring , 106
S.:ptalpapi llorn~02
Septicshock, 63,554
Serial tranS\•ersecmeropla<iy,for
short bowel syndrom e, 1875
Seroma,281-282 , 454-455.454(.
1116
cau>e>of,281 -282
presemai ionandman agemeruof.
282
S.:rothcrapy, passivc. 716-717
Serouscysticneoplas~,1 538/
Sh0<:k (Continued)
Auidresuscicationfor.555
hemorrhagic .501.553-554
h iswryof, 44-50
hypothcrm~53-56
hypovolemic ,55J::SS4
la<:iaie defici t , 52-53
lethal triad , 5.1·58
ncurogonic .554
optimh.ation , 59-61
oxygcndcl ivc ry f<,., 58-59. 58}59/
physiologyof, 50-6-:r--
scpiic, 63.554~
S11pernorma l i7..ation , 22:&!_
symptomcomplexof. 47/
<ypcsof,50/
Shocki ndcx , 52
"Shock lung" :-560
Shone syndrome, 1643
Shorr bowel syndrome, _!11.,
1291 - 1292,1874- 1875
defi n i!ionof, @
<urgical m amgc mcn! of,
1874 - 1875
treacmencof, 1291-1292
Shorti;ut syndromc , ~
Short ·cha in f,. tyacids (SC l'As) ,
1320,1323
Sho<gun woun<l; , 1808-1809
Shoulder, 474·475- -
SHl'2,697
Shrock sh un t,439
Shun t ing,altcrna tivcsto,1929-
1930, 1930/
Shunts
andappendici tis, 1931
l>lalock-Tamsig, 1634/
Glenn , 1649
and intra-ahdominalsmgcrics ,
1930
no!hdecti\'e, 1440- 1441. 144 1/
partial. 1H3, l44J/
portosyscemic, 1433
<clccth·c, 144 1- 1443, 1442/
tr:>n >j ugu br intr.>h cp>t ic
porwsystem ic, 1150,
1437 - 1438
Sialaden it is. 11.QZ
Siewercdassificacion system , 1217
Sihuximab, 7 191 - inprcgnancy,2063
Si nonas.l1rac1111 alignaucies, .fill3.
Sinuscachycardia .55J
Sinusi tis, nosocomial, 248, lll:J1J
Sirolimu< ,6231, fill. 670.671
Six -a nt igen match , 60}-604, 604/
Skeletal sarcomas, l l i
Skelernlste oncells , .!&Z
Skeletaltraction. 479
Skin,1 067/ -
Skinbiop<y, 727
Skinca nccr -
basalcellcarcinoma, Z1.Z::Z12,.
7 48f749f 7491
melanoma . $U Mebnoma
nonmelano m a. 747-750
«Juamous cel l carci nom a,
747-749 , 7 47f 748f 74'JI
SkinHap surgery,1939- 1942
Skinl!aps.1939 -1 940
hc.>dandncck reconstmction
using. 81J
Sking ra fts,1939
full -thick ncss , fil
head and neck reconstruction
us in g, 813
split -thickn;;;;-813
Skin nccro,is , 45445°5,454/
Skinrc..urfacing,1953
Skin su bsti tutes
b ioengin eered , 15'1
fu rnre of, ill -
risksas"xiatcd with , 156-157
Ski n -beari ng fhps,1939- -
Skin--0t1lyclosure,4501
Sli ding hernia., 1044J 1104
Slippage, 1180
Sma\l bowclbleeding,causesof,
stab ili,.at ion , 1287- 1288,1288b
S1agingand supponivecare,
1288
Small bowel injuries . 441-442
Smallbowelobstruction,J47-348

~:•;:c::,~~:.:;;;· 477(
Seattleb iopsyprotocol, 1033
Seborrhe;deratose< , 727 , 727/,2012
Secon<lhi1 , 512li -
Sccon<lary adrcnalinsufficicncy, 971,
97lr - Sexcor<lrnmor,1894
Seoondary{meustotic)bo ne1umors,
_.lliLl_
Seconda ryhypcrpar:>thyroid;sm ,
~ _!±!Q, 14l0b
Sccon<larypatcncy, 1797
Seoondaryvenous insufliciency,
1840-1 84 1
Secon<l-<lcgrccburn , 506-507, 507/
Secrction ,inoolon ,1323- IJ24
Secukinurnab , 7 191
Sccundumatrialse1>1a l <lcfoc1S ,IG26
Seda tion
benzodiazepinesfor, 549-550
inintcnsivccncunit , 548-550
Segmcn t l:l hcpatcctomy, ~ 643/
Segmc111a! act ivi 1y, ic>oolon , l324
Segrnc111al colonresec1 ion,for
Crohn'5coli1is. 1353
Scrumpro<cins , 110
5.erum cransferri il,""223
Se rum1tiio<lothyronine, _8.S_'l
S.:rum-ascites album in gr>d ient
(SAAG) . 1077, 10771
Se,·ercolx:shy,JT6o
SevoAnr~nc, 361, 36 11-3621
5.ex>ieroi<lexces.s,979
S.:~ual h istory, 2036
S.:xuall yrr.i nsm itte<ldiseases(STD) .
Sharcd<lcdsion making , 22
Sha rks, fil
Shavebiopsy,of nnancons
mel anom a, 728
Sherr ingto n, Ch;;:k., _l_!
Shige/ll,ascauseof<lyse111cty, 1356
Sh<Xk , 44-97
acidosis in. 53-54
base defi<:it , _g,j1
car<liogcnic ,554
cau>eso( 46b
rnagulopaihyin , 53 -54,56-58
comp~ns.wry mechanisr~ 53
definicionof, 553
Simplccy<l , 1469
Simplespinabilidaoccuha , 1932
Simpsongra<lingsyS1em,for
mcningioma resection , 191.lt
Simulation
for cndov~«:ular p rncedurcs, 403
Acxiblcg:mroi n1cst ina land -
respiracoryend o«:opy, 40.l
mea.mringsurgica l performa-;;;:;
during, AM
fo•surgical planning, 403-404
for su rgka l ttaining
minimally in v,.;ivc<urgcry,
401-404 , 402/
andopera1iveplanning,
AlllAM
urology, j_Q}:
Single "entride,conge11 i1al heart
- dise«se , 1645-1650
hypoplasticlefthcattsyndrome ,
1647 - 1650, 1647/
tric uspidatrcsi >, 1645,
1646f1647~
Single-breathi<:>t, 1578
Single-nudroi i<le po lymorphi sms,
- 213
Small ho wd tr:>n <p lant:uion ,
..G&ifli
comp licac ion sof, 671
co n•ider;i tio n for,()(,8-670
coscd. !il.J.
cvaluationof, 667-670. 6()81
graft survinlin , 672-673, 6 731
hiscoryof, 66{)-~
immunornppressionfor, 670-671
indi catio nsfor, fij]_, 6671
isol ate<l . ~ 668/
moniwringof, 671-672
Ou!Corn csof, ..!!21.±Z.1, 6 7 31
qual i1yoflifeaffccteJb)'. 673
rejecc ionof. 671-672 -
technical variations of, £!!.,
670f671/
Small bowel ulceration; , 1286, 1286r
"Small do1 " cclls , _l21_, l 541
Smallincesc inal<liverlictola, 1157
Small intest ine , 1237-1295
ana tomy o f, 1238- 1240
microscop ic , 1239- 1240,
1240fl241/
brushhord crof,1241,12411
d ivenicular discaseof. 1280-1286

2138

S!nall imestine (Continued)
duodenaldi,·erticoh ,
Mcckcl'sd jvcrticulmn ,
1284- 1286
e!nbryologyof, 1237 -1 238, 1238/
endocri "~ function, 1244- 1245
gastrointestinal hormones,
124 4- 1245.1245/ 1246r
rcccptor< ,1245
gm» anatomy of, 1238, 1239/
immuncfunction ~l245-
l247, 1247/
inA ammatoryand infectious
discaseof, 1254-1268
Crohn'sdiscw: , 12~4-1266
mamgcmrn t of
acutcpostop<rntivcobstruc1ion ,
Jlli
ilcns . .!.12.i, 1254b
rccuncntintcstinalobsrructjon ,
l.2.SJ..:.l.25A
spccihcprnblcms , 1253-1254
mi«:dlaneous proble;;;sor:--
1286- 12')3
blind loop•yndromc, 1290
ingeste<lforcignbod ies ,1 286,
1287/
pn<:uniawsisintcstinalis,1289,
128?/
radia1ioncnteritis, 1290-1291
short f>owd•yndrome,
129 \ - 1292
small bowel fistulas, 1286- 1289
small !>-0wcl ulceration>, 1286,
12861
va«:ularcompreS5ionof
duodenum , 1292- 1293,
1292/
n101ilityin ,1244
neopla>msof,1268- 1280
adcnocarcinomas. 1276-1277.
1277/
b.enign . 1270- 1271
clinical man ifeSlation><>f, 1269
diagnosisof, 1269- 1270, 1269/
gastroicnestinal s!fonul !umors,
1278-1280, 1278fl 279f
~ in chest wall , 1602- 1603.1602/
grner~l considcr~tion< of,
1268- 1270
lymphoma, 1278, 1278/
malignam , 1271 - 1280
metast>tic , 1280, 1281/
ncurocndocrinctumors ,
1272-1276 , 12721
stromaltumor<. 1270- 127 1
ncurova«:ul>r-lymphat icsupplyof,
1238-1239. 1239/
ob"'uct;ono( l247- 1254
anti bi oticsfor. 1252
cauk<of, 1247-1248,1248b,
1248fl249/
clinical man ifestat ions and
diagnosisof,1 249- !25 2
Auidrc•u«:it>tionfor,12 52
hismryof, 1249
operati ve managcn1 ent for,
1252- 1253
pathophysi<>logyof,1 248-1 24 9
physical examinat ion of, 124 9
radiologic and bhor.uory
studic•of. 1249- 1252 ,
1250fl251/
simplewr1WS!ta11gula1 ing,
1252
S1nall itueS!ine (C,mti>wed)
trcatmmtfor. 1252- 1253
tubedecompreS5ionfor, 1252
phy•iologyof, 1240-1244
dige>tioriandahwrption ,
~ Somawsta1inreceprorsciruigraphy
slwnbowelsynd rome.;uShort
bowcl•)•ndromc
Sma!l-vcsselvasculi t is, l78l
antiricutroph;lcytoplasmic
antihody-a,st>eiatcd
vasculitides, 1781
Smokingc<'<sation,l><for<·1horacic
<>pcr.ti<>ris , 1576-1577
Snahbites, B2-5J5
antivenin thcr~py for, 534-535
cl inical manifc-siationsof,211,
534[
coagulopathyofe1wenoma1ion,
jJ.i
epidcmiologyof, .5J2
fa<ciotomyof, 535. 535/
managcmrntof.533.534, 535/
pathophysiology ~3J
severitygrnding«:aleof.5341
treat ment m0<hli1 ics for, 5J 4t
venomous species. 532, 5.l3f534/
"SniffteS!", 1579 - Spinalcord, injutiesw, 420-421 ,
Sodetyof.lhoracicSurgeons
Nationa! Database , 1911-1921
Sod ium , l1.5..:l!1. 86b
'>odium bicarbonate, 1730
Softtissuesarcom>, 754 -772, 760b
AJCCstagingof, 7591
algo riihmfor,76!/
c:ircinogcns , 758
cl inical ""aluat ion of. 760- 763
corcconcepu,754-763
diversityof, 756t-758t
epidemiologyof,754
~xtremi1y. 763-766
postopcrativen<>mogram for, 76-0/
radiation ,758
srngjngof,758-760, 75 91
u~onomyof, 755/
uunk . 763 -766
turuorgrade, 758 -760, 759[
Softtissuetum<>rs, 2008-2012
dcrmatofibmma,2012
epidermal inclusioncy>« ,
2010-2011, 2010/
ganglioncyst<, 2008 -2010 ,2009/
giantcel ltumor, 2010 . 20 10/
2011/
kcratoacanthoma ,2012
lipoma, 2011-2012. 201 1/
pyogenicgranuloma , 20 12
seborrheickernwses, 2012
vascular malformations and
hemangionus, 201 2
verruca vulg~ ris, 2012
Snlcusvdns, 1829/
Solid benign neoplasms, 1455-1458
focalnodularhyperplasia, 1456.
1456/
hcmangi<>ma, 1456-1457. 145 7/
livercelladc1101na , 1455- 1456
Solidorg•ri injury, trea!rnentof,
1895- 1896, 18961
Solitary intraductal papilloma, fil
Solitary rcct>l ulcersyndrome
(S il. US) , 1387- 1388, 1387/
Solubili1y,!fia11gleof, 1492/
Soluble 1ropoela<1in, 139
Somatic cell nuclear mnsfrr, l l i
Soniatichypetmutat ion ,6 15-616
Somat icmutations , i&2_
Somatostatin,.2H_, 1192
Somatosta1in analoguc<,11<eof,to
rcduccpancrcaticfistub , 1549
{SRS), 1000
Somatostatinoma, 957-958
Spcrmaticcord, 1067/
Spc11.l cr-Martingradingsystcm , 19041
SphcnoidsinU>, 802
Spherocytosis,heltdi1ary, 1561
SphincterofOddi, 1486, 1486/
dysfonctiono( 1497
Sphincteroplasty, overlapping. 1396,
1397/ - da><ification rules for, 1373-1375
Sphinctcr-<paringahdomjnalpcrincal
resection,withcoloanal
ana>tomosis, !380- 138!
Spidcrtdangiect>Sias , 1835/
Spigdian hern ia, 11 13
Spigdrnanda<sificat ion, for
duodrnal adrnomato<i< ,
1270-l27l.1270r, l 27 lb
Spinabifidaaperta,1931 -1 932
Spinabihdaocculta, 19}2
Spinalanesthesi>. J80 -38 1. J80t
420/ --
evaluationd, .11Q:ill 42 l/
managementof, 421 , 422r
immcd iate, -11!l_
- .S.1uamo-;;;;:dlcarcinoma , 789-790,
Spinal cord stimulat ion . 1924
Spinalepiduralabsccss, !935
Spinalshock, 492 - inchronicpressuresore, J.i(i, 146[
Spine - Aoorofthcmouth , 7 96/
degenerative disorders of,
1918- 1922
diagnost ic imagingof, 477-478
SPINK- J, 1532 --
Spiralfractures, 464, 466/
Spiralvalvesof RCfSier, \482
Spirornetry, beforethor~
operations. 1577, 1577/
Spinncvu• , 726-
Sp!anchnic attffiry<ms. 1788- 1789,
1788/
Sple<:n .964f965f 1556-1571
anatomyof. 1556, 1557f l558/
hcnignhcrna-wi;;glcconditionsof,
l ~59-1 ~62
hemoglobinopa1h ies ,
1561 - 1562
hemolytic anemia, 156 1
hcrcd itarysphcrocytosis, 1561
irnmunethromhocyiopenic
purpur. , 1559-1561,
1560b - -
functionof, 1556-155'). l5S?b.
\5 59/
malignanrdi.c aseof, 1562 -1 56}
leukemi~ . 1562-1563
lpnplwmas , 1562
miscellaneous benign conditions
of, 1561-1564
splcnic ah«:c., ,1 564
spleniccysts. 1563-1564
wanderingspk.,,n , 1564
nonhem~tologic tumorSof, 1563
Splencctomy. 155?-1567 - indt1ccdpluripotent,l6J
e!ectivelaparoscopic, 1564 -1566,
l 565f156<f
late morbid ity after, 1567
prophylactic!feamie-;;-;-Tor,
1567-1568
robotic, 1%6-1567
INDEX
Splen ico.bsce>S,!564
Splen icartery, J..2.2§_
Splcn iccysts, 1563-1564
Splcnicjn juric>. 435-437.435/.
436t --
Splen ic!rauma, 1564
Sponges, 543-544
Spontanoous abortion ,2039
Spontancousbanerialperitonitis ,
1078- 1079
Spon1ancousintraccrchral
hemorrhage, 1906- 1908,
1907b, 1908/
Sporadiccoloncancer. 1372-1}77,
137J/
clinicAl staging, 1373
pathologicstaging, 1373-1375
tumor regression grad,,,
l J74t- l37 5r, l J75
<>bsrrncting. 1375- 1376, 1.176/
stagingof, 1372- 1373
trcatmmt andf<illow-upof,
1 ~76- J ~77
Sporadicpancreaticco.ncer,
pat hogcncsisof, _!2iJ_
Sporadic papilbrythyroidcanccr,
342
S1><>rad ic thyroid C"Arcinoma<, RFT
mutat ions;n , 1006-1007
Sprain, 465, 467/
1027, 14lJ- l4 15,1 4W - -
1415r.2012
larynx, 799. 799/
lip. 794.795/
met~i c , .!:ill2:filQ
oropha rynx , 797
skincancer. 747-748, 7 47f 748f
74?1 _ _
tongt1e , 22!i
treatment option< for, 749
wound inflammation and ,-116
Squamouspapillomas, l!ll2
St. John'swon,2 30r
Stablcpclvis. -18.8.
Standardthree-dimensional Cr.2.1.L
931/
SMphy!oco.-cusaum<.r, 264
Staplers, 234-23 5 -
Starvo1ion, lli:l.QZ
Stasis, 1841
roncof. 506, 506/
Stcatosis, 1433
S!cmcd l nichc , ~
Stem cells
ad ipose-derived , __!_§}
adult. 166-167, 166/
miscellaneous , 168
rnu ltif><>!em ,169
cancer and , 168
dinic:il applications of, 169, 1701
embryon ic, 157. 163- 165
cnd<>t hdial progcnitorcd h
167- 168
fetal , ~
hernatopoic1 ic, I67
mesenchymal. 157. 158/ 1591,
160/ 166/ 167
multipotcnt , 163, 1641
pluripo1em, IS4.163, 164r
induced , J.0., 169
replicativcpotentialof, 684
2139
INDEX
Stem cells (Continu~d)
research applications for, _)_§_§_,
168/
>kclc!al, Jfil
"'maticccll nudcar transfcr, Jli5_
sources of, 163-1 68, 164/
~::~:::~> J;~;~~ :;~:. ~7:~·1~2~J97
1 1
Sunorrophomon/U maftophdio, 264
S1cnt,infcmompopl;1caldi_\.c~
1776 - 1777
S1encgraft, !777.1 778/
Siemplacemem, 178 7
Stcntproccdurc. rcnal angiophsty
and, 1786-1787. 1787/
S1cnt inga11dAngiop lastywitli
Pro1<-ction in P>tirnts>t H igh
Risk for Endartcrectomy
(SAl'PH l llE) triat 1794
Stcreotact;cncumsurgcry,functional
and,l92J -l926. 1923/
brainstimulaiion , 19 24
dcstruc!ivc lcsions, 1924- 1925
epilepsy.1925-1926, 1925/
implantable pumps, 19 24
trigcminalncuralgi>, 1926, 1926/
SterilcinAammation , .1!
S1crnal dosurean<l complc1io11,of
surgcry, 1677
Stemal saw, 1579
Sternowmr
tran»Tr,.; , 1579
wound,. 1954- 1955, 1955/
Sternutu, 1575, 1672/
S1croidl1.;;:,;;;;e physiologyand
metabo!ism , 966·968
Stingrays. 544
Stinp.,,,-;;r;;; l\itc•
arthrop<>d , 538-542
bee, 21.!_ - -
gasrricba <'icr, 1197
gamicn101i!i1y, ll9 5- 1 197
gamicpcp iides, 119 1- 1192
pol)'psof. 1.370
ulcersof.1uGastric.ulcers
Stomalcomplication>, 310-31 \
ca11,.;,of, ..11Q. 310t- -
prescrua1ion and diagnosis of,
2.1.Q:.lli
treat memof, JlL 31 1b
2140
Swo!,fonnai ionof,1 324
Stoppa-Ri"es repair . .!.1.Q_!_
Strain. i l l
Strangul.tcdhcmias, 1 104
Strc" hhcrs , Ji!
Stress franures , .1§1
Strcssgastritis, 1145-1 146,
12 11- 12 1_2 _ _
Stress radiographs . 478 . 478(
Strcssrc>p<>Mc,acutc, 106, 106/
Sires' tc>ting, f<,.S IH f i liagnos1ic
acrnracyfor,1663
Stress ukerprophylaxis, 571 -572
Stricturingdi,.;ase, 1263-1264,
1264b, 1264/
Strokc , Jll.:..'in...12!!2
cau><--s of. ill
presentat ionandmanagemon1of.
=
Srromalcell-derived fucto r- \ ,
l.11.:.!Jl
Stromalcclls,adipose-dcrivcd , 167
Strornaltumor<, 1270-127 1 -
Stro mdysin- 1,.!i!.
s·1~segmenc deva1ion myocardial
inf'1rction , 1669
appropriatcnessof, 176
chargc<, 176 - 1252
cornpari <;;n;, 174-175
:::~[."~ end poi111S, fil
dcsign , 177-180
misdas~. ill
outcome of interest for, lli:!ZZ
patient reportc<loutcomes . l l i
inprac1icc, 183-184, 183r
cau>ality ~><:rva1ioml
dau ,l l i
conAictofimcrc>< , i l l
confounding, 183
evolvingwith -.;:;;d ence , 184
generaliubility, 183-184
purpo<cof, l73, lW - -
rcgistra1ion ,1?9
rcwurcemiliifilio n , 176
safety of. i l l - Supt"rficialvenousinsufficiency,
surroga tecndpoi n1', 177
time-varyingexposure0 74-175
usingrightda ta , 173-17~
Studydcsign , 177- i80;177J
caserepot1s~
caseseri<» l l i
coho rtstudy. .ln
cross·scctionalstudy. 179
cffcc!ivcnc>< , 178 - 882[. 920
dricacy, 178 -
me1a-an alySis, .119-
randomizc<lcontrollcd<rials ,
J1B_
nriotio"'on randomiled trials,
833
=
StudyofTarnoxifcnand Raloxifcnc,
neuromonimrin g, 918-919
su:'.':,',~;~>C;;::~..~~:~~- \ O)
sue><-inducedchanges in,
106. !07, 106/
Subrotal thyroidcctomy, fil
Subungua l melano mas, 730
Succinylcholinc, 364 , 550
Sucralfatc, fil - co nductof, f<>rval-;;-;;fa rhcarl
forpepticulcerdisease ,
1200- 1201
fo• radiationcn terit is. 1290- 1291
Sucrlse· isornaltase, ..!li!_, l241r
Suetion.,.;sistcdlipectorny,1 9 7 1
Sugartongsl'l ini , 479. 480/
Sulfasalazine, forC---,:;;i:;-n 'sd isease ,
1261
"Sulfurgranub" , \ 597- 1598
Supercond"ctingq11antum
imerfcrcncc d evice(SQUID) ,
Superficialcancers. 1033-1036
Superlicialepigamicvein ,1070/
Supcrlicialinfcriorcpig:istricartcry
fbr.forbrca"rcconstruct io n ,
871. 872/
Supcf u lparonych ial infe<:tiom ,
2000,2000/
Superficialperonealncrve,
1828fl829f
Superficial spread ing melanoma ,
729, 729/
Supcf u lsubinguinal!ymph glands,
1070/
Superficialthrombophlcbitis ,1845
Superficial tr~nS>·cr<e perinea!
mu>elc , 1093/
Supcrficial\•eins,18281
rrearmentof, 18JJ-1840
Superficial venous system , 1827.
1828fl829f
of upper extremi ty, 17 97-1798
basilicvein,1798- -
cephalic''"in , 1797-1 798
mcd ianantebrac hd ,·ein ,179 8
Superiorlar)' ngc;ilnen·c , fil.LJIBl,
Supcriorlu--;;;bartrigo11c, 1093/
Superiormesenccricartery(SMA) .
1312,1314- 13 16 . .l.l!.!S_
de,..;ri ptionof. 668
p.nhologicana tomyandocclusion
of, 1319/
Supcr iormcscntcricartcry>yndromc,
1292- 1293
in maS<c;tSualtyincidents ,
586 -596
innacuraldisaS1ers, S93
viral hepat it is and ,14 74 - 14 77
Surgery
ascent of.2:11
thcbcginn inb'Sof, 2-3
disease ,1 7 11,1 7 12/
congenital hcan, paihways for
practicing, 16 19- 1620 , 16 20/
d igitall)'augmenred ,391 -396,
395f396/
diver<ityof, 17
electiw , sunlmaryof, 1348, lJ49/
cmerging 1echnologyin,393 -406
opcratingroom ,393 , 394/
sign ificantadvances in,3 93-39 8
cthic.a11dprofc.sionalisn1 iu, 20·24
evolvingir1110Yativetcdrnologi es
in , 398-401
expcrimencalsurgicalrese>rch
lahoratoric,for, 11-12
fro,,;n,..;ctionof, Ji:2-
fu1ureof, .18_
indica1ionsfor,ulcera1i,•ccolit is,
inAucnceofroboticson ,400-401
knowhlgcofanatomyof, 3-4
liccnsingorgani-,at ion,of, IJ-14
measuringandprc<licting -
;nnovationin, 401
minimallyinvasi,•e, 393-394,
394f395f
optimi1.ing, 396-397,3': X>f397/
rohmic ,399-401.40!if
modem era of, !4-17
1nonographsof~3
naturalorificetr;;;sru;;linal
endoscopic. 397
inl'rcgnantpa!icnt ,2053 -2o67
prindplcsof• ndprcpara1ion f<ir,
202 -20 6
noedfor, 202
pcriopcrativedecisionmak.ing
for,202
periopera1ivcmortali1y
predictor,205 -206, 2051
preoperativeevalua<ionfor.
202 . 20 4.2031
uni,·crsal ,urgical riskcakubtor,
204 -205,204•
profcssionalsodet icsof, 13-14
forpulrnonaryartcryslings, 1652 ,
1652/
riseof. .l:!.2
•i mulationtraining in,and
oper:itivcplanning ,40 1-404
spc.:ioh)'journalsof, 12-13
<ta nd"rdizedpostgr.tduatcsurgic:.I
cducationof. 10-11
tex,booksof,ll::.Ll_-
th rec· dimcn.<ionalprintingand
biop rinting,401
trainingprogra1nsof. l.!l.:ll
treatiscs, ll.:.J.2
forvascularrings. 1652, 1652/

Surgicrl adhc>ive<, 235
Surgkal aorticvalvercplaccmcnt,
andaorticvalverepair, 1714,
1714/
Suq;kal Carclmprovcmcnt Project ,
1911- l921. 11§, 247b,247t
Surgical complica1ions ,28I -326
abdominalcomp.1rtmcnt
syndromc, 307-309
acutclunginjury, 293·294, 29Jb
>eutcrmal fail urc , 301-303
adren alinsufficiency, 303-304
anaswmotic leak, 313-316. 3131
>5pir:i t ionpncumon i a , ~
aspir:i t ionpnct1mon i1is, 292-29J
atdcc1a.sis, 12!.:12J_ --
b ilcductinjurics , 319-:UO
bowdobstruct ion~ 306b
cardiac, 2%-301
crnl iogcnicsh0<;k , ]_QQ
C/omid;um diffa'ci/~ colitis
-1l.l:..1U
rngni1i,·cdisordcr, 320-32 \
<lehiscmce, 283-284.283"f
<lelirium , 320-321
car, nose, and throat , 322-_H_~
cndocrinc gla nd<lrsf11ncrion ,
-3!2.Llllii
cpistaxis , 322
gamointeStillal, 306-319
hearing loss, J.22
--
hcmatoma , 282- 283
hcpatobili>ry, )19-.HO
hypenhyroidcrisis, 304-305
hypothmnia , 287-288
hypothyroidism , 305 -306
ileus, .lllii::.1QI
inf>rction , 297-299
intc5tinal fistulas . lli.:.1!2
malignamhyperihcrni ia, 288-289
neurologic, 320-322 --
nosocomial sinusitis , lli:Jll
pancrcaticfismlas, ..11.'l
paroti! i<, .323.
pcriopcrati,·c ischcmia , 297-29')
p1wumonia , 291 -292 - -
postopetotivecardiacarrhytlunias,
_}Q!l_
postoperati\•efover. 289-290
posto1.erativcgastn~
b lccding , 309-310
postoperative ~re ,
lQQ:JQ!_
postoperative hypertension
-12G:12Z
f>Sychosis , 320-321
pulrnonaryc<lcma, 293-294. 293b
pulmonaryombolis~96
rena l andurinarytracr, 30 1-303
rcsp iratory, 291-296
resp iratorydistre"synd rome
293-294, 293b
scizurcdisordcr, fil
seroma , 281-28 2
srnmalcomplicat ions, 1!2::fil
310<
strokc , ill.:Jll
<}·ndro1neofinapprupria1e
an1jdiurc1khormonc
secrerion . 1.Q§_
thermal regulation . ~
tr;rnsicn t ischcmica tt ack , 321-322
urinary retcntion , 301
vonous1hromboe1M ism ,
~ 294t
wound infocrion . -2.M.:lBZ
Surgiaol continuurn of ~"'" (SCoC) ,
1'.lol'.l1
Surgicalcritical care, 547-576
ahdom i nalcompa ~
•yndromc , 55 5-5 56
acutc,..,spirarnrydistreS<
syndroine,559-561
adrenalinsufliciency. 569
alcohol withdrawal, 550-55 1
::::; ~::~~ ;~:;,~\~ hip, 571, 571b
1
cardiacdysfunCiion , 552=53 3
cardiov>«:ularsyst<m , 551 -557
cirrhosis. 565-566
dysrhythmias . 553
cndocrincsystcm ,568-569
cx<r~corporcal membrane
oxygenat ion , 559-561
extubaiion , 559
fcvcr, 569-570
g.> Stroinresr;nalsptem ,56 1-564
glucosccontrol. 568-569
hcmatologic<ystcm ,566-568
hemodynamic monitoring,
553 -55 5
bcmodynamic,u pporr , 55 6-557
heparin-induced
1hrornl>0eywpenia, 567
h cp•tksy>1cm , 565 -566
infection,approachto, 569-570
me.:hanic:ilventilation , ~
ncurologicdy,function , 547-548
ncurologic •Y"Cnl, 547-55 1
11 ~uromu><:ularl>loc~ 8- 550
nonjnvasive ,558
opioiddependcncc , 550-551
perioperativel iver - -
dccompcnsot ion , 565-566
p ncumonia,559-561
renalsy><em ,564-5 65
respirawryfailur", 55 7-558
rcspiratorysystcm .557-561
rcsuscimion , 555- 556
<alngcmodcsofvcnt ila1ion ,
559 -56 1
sedaiion , 548 -550
sepsisstra1<gies, 570-571
shock,553-555 - -
wcaning, 559
Surgiaoldcvkcsand cncrgy <ourcc;,
235 -237
argonbeamcoagulator, 236
cryoablation ,237
electroca11tcry. 235
electrosmgcry. 235
h igh -frequcncy,<oundwa\'c
tcchnitiucs, 236
harmon icscalpel. 236
uhrasoniccavitationdeviccs,
236
lasers ,2.35-236
pl1otodynarnicd1ctapy, 236
r>diofrequcncyah l>tion ,236.237
Surgicalenvironment, safoty in ,
!87-200
SurgicallnfrctionSociety,1299
Surgicalinfoctions
ageand, 241 ,242b
an1jbio!lcprophyl.<istoprevcn!,
251-253
andant;bioticusc, 241 -280
cathctcrcarc,244 -245
ccntrall inc-asS<Xiatedbloodstrcam
infect ions.ruCemral
line-a.ssociatcdl>loodstream
infections
pneumonia
Su rgical intensive care un it (SICU),
p rocedure time-out checkl ist,
579, 580[
Surgical pla tform, ncx iblccndo<copc
as , 398-399. 398[399/
Surgicalprocedur"s,bedside ,
.5.ZZ=-5..8.5.
Su rgical resection, bowel prcpar>tion
fnr,1 325-1326
Surgicalsafctych<"<'.kli<t,cl<:mcn« o f,
l94b
Surgicalsil<infe.:tion, 284-287,
284/, --
cause•of. 284-285 ,285•
dcscriptionof, 24 5-247, 245b
inguinalhctniarepairand ,1 105
microbiologyof, 245
ne<:rotizi ngsoftt~infe.:t ion,
lli
org:in , .216
pnswperauvepneuiuoma,
247-249
presemationof. 285-286, 2861
signsandsymptoms . 246
spacc , .lill - 450-452,450b,450t,451f452/
trcatmcn t of, .lfil!:l!:!L 2861
vacuum-assi>1edwounddosure ,
woundirrigation , 246
Surgicaltechn iquc , f;;;:-pancrcas
1546. l54(if- 1548/
Su rgical tbcrapy,M:lcctjonof, 846
Surgicalventricularrcswratiot\,""1684
Surroga ieendpnims , 177
Suspendcdanimation:-fil
Suspensory ligamentsofCoopcr. .B.lli
SwcdishObcscSuhjcrts(SOS)study,
1161 - 1163
Swiss cheese septum , 1628
Symp>ihe.:wmy, 192;r--
Sym p athomimeriu , 556
Syndrome of inappropriate
antidiurctichormoncscrtction
{SIADH). 306
Syn1heticma1er~forventral
T !reauncruof,2 102-2l04 , 2102J
INDEX
857-858
ducialca rdnoma insitu!rcat<.J
with , 8521
role of. l l i
wound heal inginhibi<ed by, 148
Tangenrialc~ci•ion ,518 -
Ta rget idcn t ihcarion and dista l
a nastomosis, 167 5- 16 76, 1676/
"Target sign", 1299, 1300/
faussig-Binganomal)'. 1610
l'cchn<iium')9mptrtechne!atc , 8')7
Tcchnctium99m r""Tc) scstamibi
sc:intigr.iphy,9.10,930/
Tcen-Long itudin>IAsscsStne111 of
lhriatricSurgcry (Tccn·l..ABS).
1166
l"elangie.:tasias.iroaimemopt ions
for, 1833- 1836, 1835/
Tempc ra t11 re monitoring, 367
JCmporalarieri t is, 17 80
Temporal bone oS!CO<;otcoma, 806/
"l"emporalbonetumors,805-807
"J"emporaryabdom inal closure,
»scssingrcadincS<for,452
ICnHornsign, 11261
fcndi11ousin><:tip1 ions , 107 0/
Tendon injmy, 1986- 199 1
cxtensorTcndon ,1990- 19')1 ,
1991f1995/
Acxor tcndon , 1986- 1990 , 1989/
ICnruynovitis ,2004 -2005
dcQuervaindiseasc, 2004
intcrsectionwndrome,2004
2005/
sitc<of,2 005
triggcrt h um h andfingc,. ,
2004 -2005
IC11>ionbands, 47 0 , 4 7 1/
TEl'b paroscopicherniarepair. 1102/
Teratonus, 1611.1892 - 1894
Tcrmimlconjoincdinscrtion , 19 78/
Tcrtiaryhypcrparath yroidism ,
927 -928
IC>ticularauophy,i nguinal h"mia
rcpair and , 1 106
Testicular cancer. 2 102-2104
21031
festiculargerm cell tumors, AF!' and
humanchorionicgonadoiropin
2141
INDEX
"lhiopctuol, 363r
·lhiopurincs . for ukcraci"ccolitis,
1343
"lhird-dcgrcchurn. lQZ_, 507/
::~~;~~~~nac;;::~:,:c~,~~~r;;~~~· ~
1736, 1735/1 736/
3nuorysms in,·olvjngvisccral
.segmem, endovascular rcpair
of, 1737- 1738, 1737/
h lun t 1hor>dcaortk injury. 1738
en<lO\':lscula rmanageme m of.
1735-1736, 1737/
1hor>cicand1ho<>co,1b<lo mina l
ancurysm.opcn re pa ir of,
-1Z.1S_
l horackaonic injurics , 430-431,
430/
'lhoraci<:due1, l849/
--
l lioracic EVA R (TVA R) . 1722
l horacic incisions, J2Z2 -
'[horadc operations, pa1ie111 .elrr!ion
for, 1576-1579
cardiopulmonary exercise training,
l'i7R-l'i7')
physiologiccvalmtion . 1577-
1578, 1577} 1579/
'lhoracicoutlet,va<eularinjuryof,
181 7
'l horack ou tlet syn<l rom~ (TOS) ,
1603- !604. 1603[
' llioracictraum>, 1895
l horacicvcrtcbralbodyfractures.4221
"[horacoab<lominalaortaaneurysm
da.>sificai io n, 1736/
·ihoracodorsalnen·e ,J!lQ
·1horocoepigamicvein, 1070f
l horarnwmy, 1579
·lhorax , l2Z.1 -
anawmyof, 1573- 1576.
157 4/ ~
bony. 1573
·1hornwald1'sbursa, .filli:fil!1
l hrombin , _!l!_
l hromboangiitis obli1cr.ins. 1u
Buerger disease.
"lhron1b.xycosis, postsplenecw1ny.
_!jfil_
·1hromboembolism , 566-567
"lhromlKilysis , 1844
l hrombosis -
dcepvenous . ueD~p,·enous
1hrombosis
grok 660-661
·1hrombox.ne Al , i l l
"lhpnicTrcgs, 613
"lhpnornas , 1608- 1611, 1610/
'lhyroglobulin , 886 -887
'lhyroglossaldu~_§Q'I,~
1861/
l hyroid , 880-922
adult surgia l anawrny of,
Jilil.:filL1
anacomyo( 88 l -885
arcerialsuppryc;;:882/ B&i
bl00<lsu pply to,882/ 884
ernbryologyof. 881-882
hiswrical petspttti,•eof, B..8.1
in11c"·>1ion , .1:!1:11
iodinernecabo!isrnby. 886
lymphacicsystemof, 884=885,
885/
nial ignanciesof,2QQ:.2!!_
oncogencsisof, 900-902
phys io logiccha ~duting
pregnancy, 2.!l
2142
lhyruid (Ctmti"ued)
physiologyof, 885-889. 886/
recurrent laryngeal nerve ,
882-883.883/
«1periorlaryngca l ncrvc,.!!!l_b 882/
surgical approachcsrn, 9!2-920
l11 yruid aurnantibodylev~
1'hvro id ca rcinom o - lhyroiditis, 891
follicular, 904-906
p<K>rlydjffcrcn<ia1e<l, 9 10
'l11ym iddi sea<c ,342 - lhyrox inelevd>, 889
btnign , 889-894
inpregnancy. 911 -912, 2063
hypcrthyroidi•n'- 2.!l
hypothyroidism . 912
l'hys iologicchang;_:<;>fthyroid
glandduringl'rcgnancy,
=
ihyroidcarcinomain , 912
thyroidnodulcs in, 912
Thyro id function , tests oITu
ll1yro id lwrmones
l'cril'hcrolac1ionof,S87/
~ 888b
s<"Cre1ionof,regula<ionof, 887-888
syn th csi , of, 886-887, 88r -
Th)" Oid isthmuscctomy. -9.12
ll1yruid lobtoewmy, 912
ll1yru id lyrn pho ma,9Jii.911
creacmentof, fil - -
wo rku pan dd iagnosi sof. 911 ,
91 1/ - mela nom a, 7Jlt-732t
Thyro id ndignancic•. 900-91 1
a11aplaS1icthyruid carcinoma, 1!_Q
follicular1hyrui d catcinoma,
2!l1:2!lli
mcdulbrychyroid carcinoma,
-2ll2=2l!!
l'al'illarythyroidcarcinoma,
902-904.902/
1hyroidcarcinonia. poorly
differentiotcd , _2.lQ
chyroid!ymphoma, 910-9!1
th~·roid oncogcncsh , 900-902
'lh ym id mc1abolbm, diwrdcrs of,
BB.2:..8.21
fo yroidnodule
lkth es<b System catcgory. 8981,
ioni1fogrddia1 io n, 902
'l hyro id rcscc1ion , exc~o(
.22§:2Ql, 907r
'Thyro id >urgery
ahemat i,·ca pl'roachcsto , 919-920
t,k.,,din g, !12.ll
complicationsof, 920
hypocakemia . ~-
l11yroi<l>urgery (Co,,li,,ued)
hypoparathyroidism . ~
nerve injury, -22ll
rccurrcn tlaryngcalncn·e, ~
sul'crimlaryngcal ncn·c , ~
lh yroidcumors, 1613
l11yroidec<01ny,comp!ction ,..2l,IB
"lhyroid-scirnulaci ng hormone
sul'prcssion . .2llii
J'ibia, 1822/ - ·1rach<"<ksophagealfisiula,l866-
l'ibial shaftfractures, ~ 4991
Tick bites. 540-541
Tigecydine , 261
Tightglucos-;:--c.;ntrol , 569
Timdinc fo r inlraol'cr~ l'criod ,
196[
l'itnc-ouc d1eckl isi , _!2J_
Time-va ryingupos11 res . ..!Zi:!.Z2
Tim ing,ofreope<>tion , 452 -4 53
453/
TissucCo•·cragc,rolcof, ~
l'issueongincering
definit ion of, 154-155, 155/
organ-level .I ~
Tissueupa nsio n, 1943.1944/
Tissuchypoxio., 146, 243
TiS<ucinjury, and response, 130
TNMstaging
breasccanccr, 84 2,8431
"To Err is Hum an" , \ 87
foblcco, asriskfactorforsquarnous
cellcarcinorna, 1027"1028
Tocilizumab, 719r
foll-likereceptors{TLRs) , 707-708
Tongue, can cer of, 79 5-796
Torsova;ccular injuri cs,c ndova;ccular
manage1nemof, 181 1- 1812
fonicollis , 1862
ToruspalatinllS . 797
Tosi tu rnomab(lkxxar) , 7 191, 72 1
To1al ahdominal colectomy, with
ilcorcctal ana"omosis,for
Crohn'scoli1is, 1353
fotal aciomalouspulrnonaryvenous
return (TA l'Vll.) , 1632- 163J,
1633/
Tmal arterial rcn<cu lari1..at ion ,
1673- 1674
J'cna l pamueralnutrition(TPN),
666
costo( 673
pcdiatricrequircmentsof. 1860
Total l'roctocolcctorny
forCmhn'scol it is,withcnd
iloostomy. 1353
forukerac ivecoli1is
with continent ileosto my, 1J46
with end ileostomy, \345- 1346
with ilcal fK>UCh-anal
501-502
Toupct fundol'licaTio n, 1053
fourniquet,exam pleof,4 l3f
Toxicadcnoma, 892. 892/
Toxic mcgaco lo n, 1340- 1341
in Crohn'scoliiis , 1352
in ukenti\•ccoli1 is, 1344- 1345,
1345/
"foxjcnodLilargoiter,892,892/
·10xins, metabolism of. in liver. 1434
17'53.689
Trachea , 1592- 1595
in ad ults,1575
agenesisof,1581
congenirnl ab11ormal i1iesof, 1581
stc nosis of,1581
trauma to, 1592·1595,
1593f l 594/
Tracheobronchial injurin,431
1868,l867f
acciu ired . 1593
cl inical prcse nt.<t ion and diagnosis
of, 18(.6- 1867, 1867/
management of, 1867- 1868,
!867/ 1868/
·ii-ach<"<ksophagealpunnure,800
Tracheoionom inatchst ula , 159}
Tracheomalaci >. 1581
Ti-acheostorny
hcds idc,579-582
mechanical ''cmilacjon weaning
useof, 56 1
Tracheotomy,810-811
Tractio n
fnnurcs man age<lwiih,479. 481/
skdctal, 479
Tranexamicacid , 568
Transana l endoscopicmicrosurgcry,
of rcctalcanccr,\379
TransAtlan t iclnter-Society
Conscnsus(TASC)
da.>si lication
ofaonoiliaclcsions,
offemoropopliteallesions.
177-31
Tran;ccathct craorti cvake
replacemcnt,andmher
ernerging ttoehnologies, 17 16
Transcriptomc,242-243
Transesol' hagealcchocardiography,
1677
Transform ing growt h facw r-U
(TGf -11), 134
Tran.form ing growth focrnr-~
(TGF -[3) . 281. J2-J3
mitogen iccffccts -;;[[}4- 135
Transfusion , 567- 568
Transicnti<chcmicattack,3 21 -322,
1789
causcsof. 321
l'resentat ionandmanagcme nt o(

intravenous immune globu l in ,
fill
JAK3 kinase inh ibition , 628
lymphocy1edeplc1ion -
prcpar.ition., 625 -627
molignancyrisk, 1i2.9.
rnarTunalian large< ofrapamydn
i nhibitor<, f i l
mycophcnola<emofecil, 624
nonimmunesideeffects ,
p rotein kiruseC inhibirion ,
""
rituxim ab, 627
1acrolimus.62J1,624 -625
isle1 , &,g, 662 -66~
imbtedintcstinc, ~ 668/
kidne)'- iuKidncytr>nsplantation
1ivet.<r<Livet1tanspl.nta1ion
livcr· in!cstinc-pancrcas ,6(,9/
lung,1 598
newareasof, fi2::!ill
nut ritioml >tippor1 during, i l l
inoldcraduhs . J56
panaeas.JeePancreas
transplantation
post-transplantation
lymphoprolifcracivedisorder,
fil fill
rcjc<;ti<:m . 617-622
acuie ,620-622,620/
chro.,ic ,622
histologyof, 619/
hypcrarnte, 617-620, 619/
mcchanismof,618/
tolcr.rncc , iiJQ±1!
\'asculariu.:lcomposik iissue, 633,
634/ - breathin g, 4 15
~enotransphnto tion . 631·632.
632/ --
rr~nsposition , 1797
1 - tr.in<positjon~ O
fransposition Aop.:1940
ltanspositionof1hogreatarieri«
(TGA) , 1637- 1640 .
1638fl639/
ina<luhs ,1639- 1640
congenita llycorrcc1c<l , l640
withintactvemricula rseprnm .
-
1640, 1641/
withvcntr;cularseptal dcfoct
and pu lmonicstenosis,
intact \'Cntrkuhr<cptum , 1638
ventricularseptaldefect
withpulmonarystenosis-lefr
vcntrkularo ouAowtr.ict
obst ruction/pulmonary
atresia,1639
with/without arch liypopla.>ia,
1638-1639
Jtans>"ersalisfoscia , 107 0/ 1086/
1094/
·1i-anS\'Ctscfrac1ure>, 464 ,466/
Tranwerserectusab<l-;;;;:;;:nis
musculocutaneous {TRAM)
Aap.870b,870f 871. 1940
Tran,vcrscstcrnotomy~9
l"ranswrseuppergracil iSlGP , 872.
87 Sf876/ - <liagno;i ictc>t ingfor, 1710
Tranwersusab<lominismuscle,
1070/ 1086/ 1094/
an<l aponcurosis,andtr.insvcr:salis
fascia , 1094-1095
l"ranS\'Orsus abdominisreleasc
icchniqu«, 456, 457/
Trastuwmab - Tricuspi dnlve
forbreastcancer. 857
dcscriptionof, 718, 7 19J, 720
Trauma ,218-219-:2191,2050
ab<lom inal, 1895- 18')6
acmc.ruAcuteirauma
bbsr, ~ 5941
blunt abdominal, evaluation of.
432-434, 433/
brain. <eeTraumaticbrain injury
of chest wall , 1603
geneticsandgenomicsof,
242-243
inlmun ologyand inflammat ion .
iU.:Q
mc1abolk response to ,99/
inolderadu h s, 355-356
penetratingab<lominal, 43'1, 434/
in prcgnancy, 2065 - ·!i-uncusartcr iosus, 16.l0 - 16 -1 2.
p rchospiul fl11 idstudicsin , 64t
spinalror<l.;uSpiualror<l,
lnJUt!CSlO
splenic , 1561
tissuehypoxiaafter,24 3
tracheal , 1592 - 1595, \ 593}1 594/
urologic.,uUrologictrauma
vascular. 1NVasculat1raum a
VCf!ebra!rolurnn.;eeVct1ebral
column, inju ri es to
Traumac.re
in di<a>tcrarca , l2J_
initial»sc.,mcntand
airway. ~ 4!5/
circul>tion~5-416 .415b,
4 16/
di;abiliiy,fil
e<p<»urc , 4 16
rcsusciu1iVeli1oracowmy,
416-417
secondary,.1 rvey. 417
ininitialphase, 591 -
in mass <'."~Suahy, 587-590
Tr>111naCarcSyS1c c~ingand
DevelopmcntActofl990, 410
haumaserviccl inc,i ndisaS!ers ,-
588, 588/
Trau ;;:;-;;-;-ystems, 409-410, 409/
410b
Tr.umatichrain iniury, 1895,
Trichobczoar>, 1233
Tricuspidatresia , ..1.!i:11_, 1646fl617/
Tricuspi d regurgitation,andother
right-si<lc.Jvalvcdi.<casc ,
mrHZJj)
d iagnosisof. 17!0
mcdic•lmanagcmem ;;rl7 10
natural historyof. 1710
:.'.;;i~c:il ,::::~'. :~:;5,77 /(;I 0
sympwms an<l signs oTT? lO
!fea1memof, .!Z!_Q_ - lli.:l2l
Ebstcinanomalyof. 1653
surgical anatomy of, 1695/
Tr igcminalncuralgia , 1926, 1926/
Ti-iggerthumband fingers ,
2illM.:2illli
Triglrccride>, .21
Trimcthoprim ·so1 lfomethox.~zolc .262
Ti-irno<lali1ythcrapy, rolcofsurgc-;:y-
in , 103'), 10391
'[i-iple-negat ivebrcastcancets ,
MJllil
Troph icfccding, _1_!1
Trop ic alpancrc,Hi tis , 1532
Tropoel»1in,<olublc, 139
Ii-uncal vagotorny, 12i"i5,""1205/
andan t rectomy,TIOi):: J207 ,
l207fl208/
163lf l632/
!i-unk.plaS! icsu rgcryof,1953- 1965
alxlomina l wall >urgery,
19 58- 196 1
backdef..:ts,surgeryof,
\ 963-1965. 1964/
fmoastsurgcry. 1955- 1958
chc;i wall, recons1tuciionof,
1953- 1954
perineum , reconstruction of,
1962-1963.196.3/
<1crno10mywoun<ls , 1954 - 1955,
\ 9 5 5/
Tuberculosis , 2075
!Uberculousperi10ni1is, 1079
Tuberoussdcrosis ,691<
Tuboct1rarinc , 3651
fobular a<lcnorna, 836
Tuf<>in , 1557 - gastricoutlctob>trnction , 1205
Tumor{s) . suah Neop lasms:specific
adhesionrheoryof. 685-686
biology of. 676-704Ts0r:6 81/
bonc. tulloncturn or<
ccllsan<l .<olublcfactor<affcct ing.
682r
ofcranialan<lspinal ncrves, 1913
dcrcgulari ng cdlularcncrgctics in ,
.fil2
E-ca<lhcrinand , 686, 686/
grnornicinstabil ~f, ii&'l
growth su p pressors of, 681-683 ,
68 2/ --
hand , 2007-2013 . 2008<
immunedcstrnct i onof. ~
1111111unosuppr«s1,•c,
rniCTOC11vironrncntof,
709-7 10, 709b
immunosurvcillanceof, .!iSI
malignantskin ,2012 -2013
mctast>sisof, ~
mutationof, f-82
ptolifcra1 ivcsignalingof, 679-681
replicat ionpotmtialof, f,fui
INDEX
tcoticulargcrm cell. 700
fomoram igens, 708 -709, 7 09b
fomorit11 t11unology, 705-723
Tumor im muno thera py, 705 -723
cytokines , 7 10 -71L 71 1/
immunom o<luhtory pathways ,
712-714. 713/
monoclonalamibo<lythcrapy.
T ed i adoptive thera py, ~
714f717/
''acdncs , 7 11 -7 12
Tumor lysi< <p1<lrnmc , !lll
fomormarhrs , G76-70'i . 697 b
charactori><ics of, 697
dcfinit iono( 697
DNA-based . 701
pro1cin.;uProtci111umormarkers
RNA-ha_;c.J , 70 1-702
fumornocrosisfuctor, 28r-29r
fomornccrosisfuctor-« . 27-30
Tumor (T)stage,cvaluat ion of, in
lungca ncer. 1585.1585/
Turnor-infihra1inglymphocy1 e
(Tll.) . 7 14, 7 14/
Tumor-pronlO!illginAammation ,
£Jl2
Tunnel sOJhaorticstcnosis , 1643
Turcotsyndromc ,13681 -
l'ympany10percussion ,ll25
TypcA<lis>CCtion,inaonic
dissection ,1746
'J'ypelidisse<:t ion
in aortk di>Scction , 1746- \ 747
<:>pcnsurgic•lthcrapyfor,
17 47 - 17 48
fypc II ~ndolcak, 17 33
Type Il l endolcak , 1733
'l'yphlitis, 1297
Typhoidc nt criti< , 12(,(i-1267
Tyro>inc kinase inh ib itors, for
neuroendocrinetumors, 1276
u
Ulcer d isease, complicated ,
1201 - 1207.1201b
hemorrhage, 1202-1204. -
12021-1 2031, 1203/
perforation , 1204 - 1205, \ 204/
Ulcerative colitis, 11 54. 111'1-1149
dinic:.I prcscnta!ionof, 1341
Crohn'scol itisw,.,-u>, 13391
diagnosisof, 134 1- 134 2
dysplasia/carcinoma in ,1345
dcct ivcopc rations for, 1348,
1349/ -
epi<lcrniologyan<l couscof,
l'B9-H40
extra i111estinalmanifesta1ionsof,
1341
2143
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
 Jo lapsena Ida Aalbergin sanotaan mielineen ulkomaille. Hän oli
usein ja hartaasti pyytänyt opettajaansa neiti Tavaststjernaa
kertomaan ulkomaanmatkoistaan, ja hänen sanotaan joskus
huokailleen vieraista maista puhuttaessa: »Kunpa joskus pääsisi
sinne.» Kesällä 1878 toive vihdoin toteutui, Ida Aalberg lähti,
saatuaan Porissa lahjanäytännön, Saksaan. Oskar Ahlberg opiskeli
siihen aikaan kemiaa Dresdenissä, joka kaupunki tuli sisarenkin
matkan päämaaliksi.

Tämä Ida Aalbergin ensimmäinen ulkomaanmatka tapahtui

onnellisen tähden alla. Tosin hän koki vaikeuksia ja ikävyyksiä, mutta
hän hankki silloin perusteet ammattitaitoonsa, joka myöhemmin
kohosi niin korkeaksi, että hänen taiteilija-arvoansa vähäksyvätkään
henkilöt eivät ole voineet sitä puolta kieltää.

*****

1870-luvulla sanotaan teatteriolojen Saksassa olleen surulliset.

Aikaisemmin koko saksalaisella kielialueella oli ollut vain harvoja
hovi- ja kaupunkiteattereita, ja laki oli kieltänyt näyttämötaiteen
vapaan harjoittamisen. Mutta 1869 rajoittavat asetukset kumottiin, ja
silloin syntyi uusia teattereita kuin sieniä sateella. Tästä oli
seurauksena, että näyttelijäin lukumäärä lisääntyi tavattomasti.
Saksan-Ranskan sotaa seuranneen inflation jälkeen tuli maahan
taloudellinen pulakausi, jolloin teattereitakin alettiin johtaa entistä
enemmän liikemiesnäkökohtia silmälläpitäen. Varsinkin nuorempien
teattereiden tunnussanaksi tuli vetonumeroiden (»Schlager»)
keksiminen sekä ohjelmiston valinnassa että näyttelemisessä.
Vastaperustettujen lukuisien uusien teattereiden vaikutuksesta oli
maahan muodostunut monipäinen näyttelijäproletariaatti, josta voitiin
huokealla palkata huonoja voimia näytäntöihin, mutta yleisön
houkutukseksi hankittiin näyttämöesitystä kannattamaan jokin suuri
nimi, joka tarjosi mahdollisuuksia reklaamiin. Se oli »vierailujen»
aikaa. Mistään runoteoksen yhtenäisestä esityksestä ei ollut
kysymys, »kukin näyttelijä näytteli omasta puolestaan ja vierailija
kaikkien puolesta». Niinpä saatettiin 1880 Nürnbergissä suurimmaksi
osaksi uusilla voimilla esittää Schillerin »Kavaluus ja rakkaus» yhden
ainoan harjoituksen jälkeen, joka sekin oli kestänyt vain puolitoista
tuntia. Se oli tanssia kultaisen vasikan ympärillä, ja eräs saksalaisen
teatterin historioitsija on todennut, että 1870-luvulla Saksassa
näyteltiin draamaa pintapuolisemmin kuin milloinkaan muulloin.

Hoviteatterit, jotka saivat ruhtinailta raha-avustusta, olivat

poikkeusasemassa. Mutta niihin oli muodostunut byrokraattinen
hallintojärjestelmä, joka vanhoillisuudessaan vei taiteen ikävyyteen
ja homehtumiseen.

Goethe oli teatterinjohtajana vaatinut esityksille yhtenäistä tyyliä.

Hän oli ottanut esikuvaksi antiikin juhlallisuuden, tyylitellyn
lausunnan ja hitaat liikkeet, jotka myöhemmin johtivat Saksan
näyttämöillä mauttomaan liioitteluun ja onttoon paatokseen. Jos
Goethea voi pitää saksalaisen näyttämöidealismin perustajana, on
Ludwig Schröder, suuri näyttelijä ja teatterinjohtaja, saksalaisen
näyttämötaiteellisen naturalismin isä. Schröderinkin sanotaan
pyrkineen esityksen yhtenäisyyteen. Richard Wagner oli
oopperauudistuksissaan vaatinut sekä yleisön että näyttelijäin
määrätietoista kasvattamista. Ja 1874 Meiningenin herttua oli
lähettänyt Ludwig Chronegkin johdolla kuuluisan teatteriseurueensa
kiertämään maailmaa, seurueen, jonka tarkoituksena oli esittää
runoteoksia, eikä yksityisiä näyttelijöitä. Ja vaikka parilla
saksankielisellä näyttämöllä saattoi olla etevä ohjaaja, joku Laube tai
Dingelstedt, niin 1870-luku oli kuitenkin lähinnä taiturinäyttelijäin
aikaa Saksassa. Oli paljon hyviä näyttelijöitä, »tähtiä», »vierailijoita»,
mutta vähän hyviä teattereita.

Kaarlo Bergbomilta Ida Aalberg sai suosituskirjeen eräälle Saksan

tunnetuimmista »tähdistä», Marie Niemann-Seebachille. 1870-luvulla
tämä lienee ollut kuuluisin kaikista saksalaisista naisnäyttelijöistä, ja
vaikka hänen maineensa myöhemmin himmentyi, on hänellä aivan
varmaan ollut annettavana sitä, mitä opintomatkalla oleva Ida
Aalberg kaipasi: ammattitaitoa.

Marie Seebach oli traagillisten osien esittäjä, ja vaikka hän

vierailunäytäntöjensä vuoksi oli kuulu kautta maan, ei hän
kuitenkaan tunnu olleen mikään »kulissienrepijä», joka
intohimoisuudellaan olisi vallannut yleisönsä. Hän oli lähes
viisikymmentävuotias, kun Ida Aalberg tuli hänen oppiinsa, ja jo
paljon aikaisemmin oli saksalainen teatteriarvostelu merkinnyt hänen
taiteensa tunnusmerkilliseksi ominaisuudeksi resignatsionin ja
elegisen sävyn. 1867 oli Berlinissä kirjoitettu hänen Maria Stuart
esityksensä johdosta m.m.: »Koko luonteensa mukaisesti Marie
Seebach antoi etusijan kärsivälle, murtuneelle ja raskasmieliselle
ruhtinattarelle ja koetti kaiken aikaa herättää katsojan myötätuntoa
vangittua ja petettyä marttyyria kohtaan. Ihanan, korvia hivelevän
puheensa ja jalon, plastillisen ryhtinsä avulla hän siinä onnistuikin
erittäin suuressa määrässä. Tuntui kuin olisi hänellä
tulkitsemisessaan ollut perusmotiivina: 'Olen vain varjo Mariasta'.»

Kaarlo Bergbomia on moitittu siitä, että hän ei käsittänyt Ida

Aalbergin taipumusta traagilliseksi näyttelijäksi, ennenkuin tämä oli
käynyt Marie Seebachin koulua. Marie Seebachille on annettu
kunnia Ida Aalbergin oikean alan keksimisestä. Totta onkin, että
Bergbom, kuultuaan sisareltaan Ida Aalbergin lukevan saksalaisen
opettajansa johdolla vain traagillisia osia, ilmaisi pettymystä ja aikoi
ehdottaa, että kuuluisa näyttelijä luettaisi oppilaallaan iloisempia
tehtäviä. Mutta mitä Kaarlo Bergbom tuohon aikaan voikaan tietää
Ida Aalbergista, kehittymättömästä, oppimattomasta ja lapsellisesta
tytöstä. Marie Seebach taas saattoi antaa tulokkaalle traagillisia
tehtäviä lähinnä siksi, että hänen oma luonteensa veti niihin. Että
hän silloin tämän sielussa tapasi »muutamia omia jänteitään», kuten
hän Bergbomille kirjoitti, oli todella onnellinen keksintö.

Vasta Dresdenissä Ida Aalbergissa alkoi näkyä voimakastahtoinen

pyrkimys ja luja työtarmo. Heinäkuun 15 p:nä hän kirjeessään
vanhemmilleen kertoi opinnoistaan Marie Seebachin luona:

»Minä oon ensimäinen Skandinaavi hänen monista oppilaistaan,

ja semmoisena hän kohtelee minua erinomaisen hyvin, voin sanoa
paraiten kaikista oppilaista. Oon ollut kutsuttu hänen luokseen kerran
osalliseksi yhteen suureen päivällispitoihin, ja hänen luonansa tullut
tuntemaan monta Dresdenin mainioimpia henkilöitä. Tänä iltana oon
hänen kanssaan kutsuttu hänen sukulaisensa erääseen
ranskalaiseen perheeseen. Voin sanoa etten vielä koskaan ole niin
ahkerasti työskennellyt kuin täällä, aikani on niin tärkeä, että ei tuntia
päivällä voi antaa mennä hukkaan. Monta päivää on mennyt, kun en
ole jalallani ulos huoneestani astunut, ainoastaan kieltä tutkinut, en
tähän saakka vielä ole tietänyt mitä paljon vaivaa ja ahkeruutta
tarvitaan kieltä oppiakseen; kolme ja kaksi kuinka sopii on Rouva
Seebachin luona ja joka tunniksi on uutta jonka ensin kotona täydyn
kääntää suomeksi voidakseni ymmärtää, sitäpaitsi on mulla 4 tuntia
viikkoossa kieltä varten erään neiti Nikolain edessä, vaan ainoastaan
tämän kuun loppuun, sillä silloin täydyn jo osata lopun itsekseni
tutkia, niin olen päättänyt.» ‒ ‒ ‒
 Joutuessaan opetuksensa välillä vierailumatkoille Marie Seebach
kirjoitti oppilaalleen. Lämpimästä sävystä voi päättää, että Ida
Aalberg oli voittanut opettajansa sydämen muutenkin kuin
skandinaavisuudellaan. Elokuussa 1878 Wykissä päiväämässään
kirjeessä Marie Seebach m.m. sanoi:

»Toivottavasti olette harjoittanut Jolanthaa, Kätcheniä ja Luisea

ja tutkinut saksan kieltä. — Säilyttäkää kaunis innostuksenne
taiteeseen samanlaisena kuin tähänkin asti, jotta opettaminen
tuntuisi opettajasta yhtä rakkaalta kuin tähän saakka. — — —»

Ida Aalbergin valtioavun anomusta Marie Seebach puolsi vieläkin

kaunissanaisemmin ja lämpimämmin kuin Kaarlo Bergbom. (Siitä
huolimatta keisarillinen senaatti hylkäsi tämän anomuksen.) Ja kun
Ida Aalberg Marie Seebachin poissa ollessa ilmoitti tälle, että hänen,
vastoin aikaisempaa luuloaan, oli lähdettävä Suomeen, kirjoitti
opettaja:

»Coburgissa 14. XII. 1878 Ehrenburgin linnassa.

Rakas Ida!

Rivisi ovat minua kovin, kovin hämmästyttäneet. Minäkin olisin

iloinnut, jos olisin edes pikaisesti vielä kerran saanut harjoittaa
kaikki roolit kanssasi ennenkuin lähdet. Myöskin siitä olisin iloinnut,
että olisin saanut antaa Sinulle siunaukseni tielle. Sen teen
kuitenkin nyt ja huudan sinulle sydämestäni: onneksi olkoon! On
aivan oikein, että empien astut suureen tehtävääsi, mutta Sinun
taiteellinen lahjakkuutesi, Sinun runollinen mielesi, Sinun rakkautesi
taiteeseen, avaavat Sinulle kauniin tulevaisuuden, jos vain
ahkerasti edelleenkin pyrit. Herttuallisen perheen ja yleisön
puolesta olen täällä saanut osakseni samaa entusiasmia kuin
muulloinkin. — — — Toivon, että opetuksestani on Sinulle ollut
hyötyä. Kirjoita minulle Helsingistä heti, kun olet näytellyt, ja
tervehdä johtajia puolestani mitä parhaiten. Olet tuottanut minulle
paljon iloa ahkerana ja lahjakkaana oppilaana. Jumala kanssasi.
Rakkaudella syleilee Sinua

Marie Seebach.»

Schröderin edustaman näyttämöllisen realismin traditsioneja

kannatti tähän aikaan näyttämöohjaaja Heinrich Laube, joka toi
uudestaan saksalaiselle näyttämölle luonnollisen puhetavan. Marie
Seebach kuului toiseen koulukuntaan, suuntaan, joka
näyttämötaiteilijalta vaati lähinnä suurta tekniikkaa. Idealistisen
suunnan edustajalta vaadittiin tähän aikaan näyttelemisessä jaloa
arvokkuutta ja kehitettyä puhetaitoa. Hänellä tuli olla hyvin kehitetty
ääni, joka intohimoisissa purkauksissa pani »koko talon
täräjämään». Marie Seebachin taiteesta kirjoitetut arvostelut
osoittavat, että hän taiteilijana eli Weimarin Apollon traditsioneista.
Ida Aalberg tutki hänen luonaan eräitä niistä osista, joita hän
myöhemmin Suomessa näytteli.

Juhannuspäivänä 1878 vanhemmilleen kirjoittamassaan kirjeessä

Ida
Aalberg kertoi elämästään seuraavalla tavalla:

»Dresden 24 p. Kesäkuuta.

Rakkaat Vanhemmat!

Viimeisen kirjeeni varmaan olette saaneet? —

 Meillä oli vähän outoa täällä eilen Juhannus iltana, sillä kun sitä
juhlaa ei ollenkaan tunneta täällä Sachsissa, niin ei myöskään ei
vietetä, kaikki suomalaiset erittäin herrat puuhasivat suuresti että
meidän piti mennä kaikki maalle, mutta ei siitä tuumasta tullut
mitään, sillä yhdellä oli yksi este toisella toinen, vihdoin päätimme
mennä »Grosse Garten'in» suuri komea kuninkaallinen puisto jossa
joka ilta on musikki, Rouva ja herra Jächnich olivat »förkelinä»
siellä joimme teetä ja viiniä, haasteltiin naurettiin ja kiisteltiin, meillä,
minulla ja eräällä Herra Sundqvistilla (Hattulasta) oli suuri riita, hän
on nimittäin suuri Svekomaani, johon ei kumppanien oikaisu sanat
vielä ole pystyneet, vaan nyt me kaikki olemme päättäneet ruveta
suuresti työskentelemään puhdistaaksemme häntä tuosta
taikauskosta, vieläpä löimme vetoa että ennenkuin tuleva Juhannus
aamu koittaa, niin hän on uudesti syntynyt. Tänään olemme
päättäneet mennä Laschewitz'in hyvin kaunis maisema lähellä
kaupunkia. Suomalaisia kansanlauluja useesti kuulee, sillä me
olemme yhdistäneet »trion» johon kuuluu Minä supraani, Berg
[K.G. Berg] Kuopiosta, tenori, ja nuori Biedermann basso.
Baronessa Biederman [Ida Aalberg asui v. Biedermannin
pensionaatissa, jossa ennenkin oli asunut paljon suomalaisia] on
suuri musiikki tuntia, ja hän erittäin ihailee meidän kotimaisia
laulujamme, heti kun minä muutin heille hän myöskin tahtoi tulla
tutuksi Oskarin [Oskar Ahlberg, joka asui Jänichin pensionaatissa]
ja hänen bolagistinsa kanssa. Täällä on hirveän kuuma, erittäin
kuin ei ole tottunut siihen, niin tuntee suuren rasituksen, ja on niin
pitkä matka Elbelle ja myöskin niin liian kallis ettei tahtois rasita, 50
p kerralta, täällä ei ole niinkuin Suomessa jossa löytyy niin paljon
vettä, että ei tarvitse siitä niin pyhänä pitää.» — — —

»Almberg Slöör Wahlström [Suomalaisen teatterin johtokunnan

jäseniä] y.m: olivat käyneet Kenraali-Guvernöörin luona ja
pyytäneet häneltä minulle suosituskirjeen Venäjän ministerille
täällä. Seuraavana päivänä kun kotoa lähdin olin Almberg'in ja
Slöör'in kanssa kansliassa tulin esitetyksi ja sain mainitun kirjeen
sekä Dresdeniin että Köpenhaminaan. Se kirje tuottaa minulle
suuret edut Kuninkaallisessa teaterissa 'vapaa biljetin', pääsyn
harjoituksiin, ja tietysti aivan toinen kohteleminen kaikilta, kun olen
ministerin suojelun alla. En ole vielä käynyt hänen luonansa, enkä
olisi voinutkaan vielä mennä, sillä Neiti Ingman sanoi ett'en voi
mennä muuten puettuna heidän kaikkein luoksensa kuin mustalla
silki läningillä, yksityisenä voisin mennä, vaan ej nyt kun
representeeraan koko Suomalaisen kansalis teaterin. Rouva
Jänichin kanssa kävin ostamassa, se tuli maksamaan noin 130
S:markkaa, kyllä olisin 60:nelläkin saanut mutta muutaman ajan
päästä se olisi itsestään murentunut. Tämä on parasta silkiä ja niin
paksua että itsestään seisoo, minä otin 12 metriä, se tulee aivan
yksinkertainen. Teaterissa olen käynyt 3, 4 kertaa se tulee hyvin
kalliiksi itse ostaa, sillä halvemmalla ei voi mennä kuin 4 markkan
vaan en ole saattanut olla poissa, sillä olisin tehnyt väärin; kun ovat
näytelleet samoja kappaleita kuin meillä ja jossa minulla on ollut
pääosa; — tänä iltana näytellään »Preciosa» yksi paraita
näyttelijöitä Neiti Ellmenreich näyttelee pääosan, minä tietysti
menen katsomaan, voidakseni vertailla ja tuomita. Tänään minä
ostin 2 biljettiä toisen annan Rouva Jänichille, jollain lailla
palkitakseni hänen vaivojaan. —

Minä olen niin ahkerasti työskennellyt, lukenut ja kirjoitanut

Saksaa, sillä olen tehnyt sen päätöksen että Kesäkuussa oppia
kieli varsin puhtaasti, ja sen lupauksen minä pidän.» —

»Tänään me Suomalaiset kävimme yhdessä osassa suuressa

Zvingelin museosa nimittäin »Tafvel galleriassa» sieltä olisi niin
paljon kertomista, siellä löytyy noin 5000 tuhatta taulua ja niiden
arvo lasketaan 30,000,000 miljonaa Saksan markkaa, siellä on yksi
taulu joka on kalliin helmi kaikista mitä Euroopassa löytyy, paras
hedelmä jonka taide on luonut, nimittäin Rapfaelin »Madonna» joka
on niin ihana että tuntikaudet voipi siitä nautia, en muista kuinka
monta kymmentä tuhatta se on maksanut. Rapfael oli suurin
maalari mailmassa, syntyisin Italiassa ja eli 1580 ja 1630 välillä. —

Olisihan sitä niin hirveen paljon kertomista tästä taiteen

keskipisteestä, vaan tulevassa kirjeessä lisää, sillä ei voi niin paljon
paperia yhdessä kirjeessä saada esille. —»

Dresdenissä asui tähän aikaan verraten paljon suomalaisia, m.m.

sisaruspari Anna ja Eva Ingman. Anna Ingman, jolle Emilie Bergbom
oli kirjeessä Ida Aalbergia suositellut, välitti tutustumisen Marie
Seebachinkin kanssa.

Lahjanäytännössä keväällä 1878 kootusta kolehdista huolimatta

Ida Aalbergin matkakassa ei kestänyt »representeerata koko
Suomalaista kansalisteateria» ja hän joutui varsin pian taloudelliseen
pulaan. Hän kirjoitti hätääntyneenä kotiin, ja Antti Ahlberg koettikin
auttaa tytärtään pienehköllä rahalähetyksellä. Varojen puute pakotti
Ida Aalbergin keskeyttämään opintonsa aikaisemmin kuin olisi
halunnut. Kirjeenvaihto todistaa, että hän sai turvautua sekä
suomalaiseen, norjalaiseen (Dresdenissä oli Skandinaavinen klubi)
että saksalaiseen avuliaisuuteen selvitäkseen opintomatkansa
aineellisesta puolesta. Avustukset olivat pieniä lainoja —
Suomalainen teatteri antoi, kutsuessaan hänet takaisin,
ennakkomaksua —, jotka Ida Aalberg pian maksoi takaisin.

Vanhemmille kirjoitetut kirjeet eivät anna täydellistä kuvaa Ida

Aalbergista Dresdenin ajalta. Ne ovat vilpittömiä lapsen kirjeitä, joista
kyllä voi pilkistää esille eräänlainen »suomalaisuuden henki», mutta
jotka esim. »Rapfaelillaan», joka »eli 1580 ja 1630 välillä» antavat
hänestä liian kehittymättömän kuvan. Henkilöt, jotka tunsivat hänet
jo ennen ensimmäistä ulkomaamatkaa, ovat todistaneet, että hän jo
silloin osasi miellyttää paljaalla olemuksellaan. »Hänessä oli jotakin
merkillisen ja puoleensavetävän reilua» on eräs varhaisen
nuoruuden tuttava kertonut. Ja Dresdenissä oloajalta on todistuksia,
että Ida Aalberg kykeni miellyttämään muitakin kuin vanhaa
opettajatartaan Marie Seebachia. Kun Dresdenissä oleskelevat
suomalaiset opiskelijat tunsivat koti-ikävää ja olivat alakuloisia,
pyysivät he luokseen Ida Aalbergia. Hän oli heistä ainoa olento, joka
»rakastettavalla tavallaan» saattoi heitä lohduttaa. Thiodolf Rein,
joka kesällä 1878 kävi Dresdenissä, on muistelmissaan kertonut:

»Suomalaisista miehistä ja naisista, jotka tähän aikaan olivat

Dresdenissä, voidaan mainita maalari, neiti Eva Ingman ja ennen
kaikkea Ida Aalberg, jota minulla oli onni pari kertaa siellä tavata.
Alotettuaan näyttelijäuransa Suomalaisessa teatterissa hän nyt
harjoitti opintoja kuuluisan näyttelijättären rouva Niemann-Seebachin
luona. Eräällä höyrylaivamatkalla jonka tein ylös Elbe-virtaa läpi
Saksilaisen Sveitsin aina Böhmin rajalle asti, hänkin sattui olemaan
matkustajien joukossa. Laivan kannelta saatoimme yhdessä ihailla
kauniita vuori- ja metsämaisemia, joiden läpi kuljimme. Paikasta,
jossa laiva laski maihin, lähdimme jalkaisin Erzgebirgessä olevalle
Prebischthorin kukkulalle ja minulla oli kunnia ottaa neiti Aalberg
käsivarteeni ja johtaa häntä ylös jyrkkää vuorta, jonka laelta me
katselimme laajaa ja suurenmoista näköalaa yli ympäröivän
alppiseudun. Ida Aalberg oli suuri taiteilijana, mutta osasi myöskin
henkilönä olla erittäin rakastettava ja mielenkiintoinen. Hän oli hyvin
älykäs, osiensa esityksessä hän ei antautunut yksinomaan
välittömän tunteen johdettavaksi, vaan koetti myöskin täysin käsittää
ja ymmärtää draamallista karakteria ja mitä sen esittäminen vaati.
Mietelmissään näyttämötaiteesta hän saattoi olla suorastaan
syvämietteinen. On helppoa ymmärtää, että hänen kehitykselleen
Dresdenissä olo koitui suureksi hyödyksi, koska näyttämöolot siellä
olivat sangen korkealla tasolla, josta minäkin voin vakuuttautua
näkemällä erinomaisella ja minulle unohtumattomalla tavalla
esitettävän sellaisia kappaleita kuin Goethen »Egmont».»

Että hyvin nuoren neidon mietelmät olivat vaikuttaneet Reiniin,

filosofiin, voimakkaasti, on ymmärrettävää. Todennäköisesti kuitenkin
Ida Aalbergin lausumien syvällisten mietelmien takana oli vanha ja
kokenut Marie Seebach, joka samoihin aikoihin oli kirjoittanut
oppilaalleen:

»Koska Te tähän asti olette minun luonani opiskellessanne

halunnut päästä vain käsitykseen roolien sisäisestä olemuksesta,
niin olen myöskin pitänyt silmällä, että pian omalla kielellänne voitte
niitä esittää.»

Ahkeruudellaan ja tarmollaan Ida Aalberg luuli oppivansa saksan

kielen lyhyessä ajassa. Näin ei kuitenkaan käynyt. Myöhemmin Ida
Aalberg kävi monta uutta ja hyvää kurssia oppiakseen tuon suuren
kulttuurikielen, mutta vähäisellä menestyksellä. Hän, jota joku —
vedoten Ida Aalbergin yrityksiin näytellä eri kielillä — on pitänyt
suorastaan kielinerona, ei elämänsä loppuun asti osannut
kunnollisesti muuta kieltä kuin suomea.

Suomea hän osasi hyvin, joskaan ei virheettömästi. Arvostelu

kiittää hänen ääntämistään jo alkuaikoina puhtaaksi ja sointuvaksi.
Mutta vieraisiin kieliin hänellä oli, jos ottaa huomioon ahkeruuden ja
yritteliäisyyden, keskitasoa huonompi taipumus.
 *****

Mitä jälkiä näkyi Marie Seebachin koulusta, kun Ida Aalberg palasi
Suomeen?

Turkin sodan aikana ja sen jälkeenkin Suomessa oli taloudellinen

pulakausi. Raha oli ahtaalla ja vararikot kuuluivat päiväjärjestykseen.
Myöskin Suomalaisen teatterin toimintaan taloudellinen pula vaikutti
tuntuvasti. Helsinkiläinen arvostelu vetoaakin siihen selitellessään,
miksi yleisö jää pois teatterista. Mutta maaseutukiertueilla tuotti
vaikeuksia sekin, että ensimmäinen innostus teatteria ja sen
esityksiä kohtaan oli jo ennättänyt jonkin verran jäähtyä.

Kun Ida Aalberg kotiutui ensimmäiseltä ulkomaamatkaltaan, oli

Suomalainen teatteri Turussa ja varsin vaikeissa oloissa. Vilho ei
ollut kestänyt matkavaikeuksia ja oli sairaana, paljon lupaava
Kaarola Avellan oli opintomatkalla. Teatterissa vallitsi ohjelmiston
puute, joka sai Bergbomit kiirehtämään Ida Aalbergin paluuta.
»Kylän heittiön» menestys ei ollut ennättänyt unohtua, ja Marie
Seebachin nimellä voi tehdä reklaamia.

Kun Ida Aalberg esiintyi Luisena »Kavaluudessa ja rakkaudessa»,

kirjoitti Emil Nervander »Åbo Postenissa»:

»Illan mielenkiinto luonnollisesti kohdistui enimmän nuoreen,

äsken kotimaahan palanneeseen näyttelijättäreen neiti Aalbergiin,
joka on opiskellut Saksan erinomaisen ja suurenmoisen
taiteilijattaren rouva Niemann-Seebachin luona ja nyt kokeili Luise
Millerin vaativassa osassa. Heti neiti Aalbergin näyttäytyessä häntä
tervehdittiin erittäin sydämellisillä kättentaputuksilla, jotka auttoivat
nuorta taiteilijaa unhottamaan alussa häntä varmaan vaivaavan
pelkonsa. Hän huomasi esiintyvänsä suopealle yleisölle ja sai
rohkeutta nopeasti kehittää vaikuttavan osan mielenkiintoista
tulkintaa. Rakastettavalla ja rikaslahjaisella taiteilijalla on ollut
nerokas esikuva, joka on opettanut häntä katsomaan syvästi ja
voimakkaasti runouden lymypaikkoihin ja samalla avannut hänen
silmänsä sille, mikä on kaunista ja, jos niin voimme sanoa, rehellistä
näyttämöllisessä plastiikassa. Meidän pienellä, yleensä jonkin verran
realistisella näyttämöllämme tuntui esitys ehkä hiukan suurelliselta
yleisöstä, joka ei oikein tunne ulkomaan suuria näyttämöitä, ja
ehkäpä moni hiljaisuudessa tuumi, että »kaikki, mikä kiilsi, ei ollut
kultaa», koska esitys niin oleellisesti erosi siitä, mihin olemme
tottuneet nähdessämme nuoria, miellyttäviä ruotsalaisia
näyttelijättäriä, jotka ovat täällä esiintyneet, mutta joilta useimmiten
on puuttunut melkeinpä kaikki kouluutus ja jotka ovat saaneet ottaa
ohjaajakseen vain synnynnäisen vaiston siitä, mikä näyttämöllä on
kaunista. Se vaisto on ruotsalaisilla verrattomasti suurempi kuin
suomalaisilla. Mitä salongissa lieneekin ajateltu, niin
kokonaisuudessaan osan syvä, kaunis ja vaikuttava tulkinta tehosi ja
suosiota osoitettiin vilkkaasti ja vilpittömästi. Elämme siinä iloisessa
uskossa, ettei tätä tarvitse katua, sillä jos kohta kulta, joka kiilsi, ei
vielä ollut täysin sulanut, oli se kuitenkin oikeata kultaa, jota Suomen
näyttämötaiteella ei ole liikoja. Antaapa ajan kulua, niin suomalainen
puhenäyttämö saa neiti Aalbergista taiteilijan, joka on sille kunniaksi,
jos hän pitää, mitä on luvannut. Suuresta ja lämpimästä
mielenkiinnosta, jolla rouva Niemann-Seebach niin oleellisesti on
edistänyt nuoren, vaatimattoman suomalaisen oppilaansa kehitystä,
esitämme kaikkien kotimaisen näyttämön ystävien puolesta
kunnioittavan kiitoksen. Jos oppilas joskus täysin itsenäisesti voi
toteuttaa suuren mestarinsa opetuksen, on meille suomalaisille
kaksin verroin rakasta äärimmäisenä pohjoisessa olevaan
taidelaitokseemme yhdistää Marie Seebachin muisto.» — ‒ ‒
 »Sanomia Turusta» kirjoitti:

»Neiti Aalberg, joka nyt näytti, mitä hän oli taiteessaan edistynyt,
sai vastaanottaa yleisön sulimmat mieltymyksenosoitteet. Kenties
ilmaantui hänen näyttämisessään silloin tällöin ulkomaalaisuutta,
mutta se kyllä haihtuu kylmässä Pohjolassa.» — ‒ ‒

»Åbo Underrättelser» sanoi:

»Suomalainen seurue esitti eilen Schillerin »Kavaluus ja rakkaus»

draaman useissa kohdin odottamattoman hyvällä menestyksellä.
Neiti Aalbergia, joka esitti Luisen vaikean osan, tervehdittiin riemulla
heti kun hän ulkomaamatkansa jälkeen ensi kerran näyttäytyi ja
palkittiin häntä inspiroidusta näyttelemisestään melkeinpä hurjin
suosionosoituksin. Saksalaisen teatterin vaikutus ilmeni selvästi
hänen käyttämistään suurista eleistä ja siitä, että hän useissa
kohtauksissa painotti liian terävästi. Mutta kun tämä kaikki »asettuu»
ja muuttuu liiallisesta taiteesta luonnoksi, silloin neiti Aalberg
tuntuvasti kohottaa suomalaista näyttämöä ja tulee, mitä hän jo nyt
onkin, sen koristukseksi.» — ‒ ‒

Ulkomaalaiseen vaikutukseen nähden siis kaikki arvostelijat olivat

yksimielisiä. Saavutettu tunnustus oli tunnustusta, jota annetaan
oppilaalle. Arvostelijat eivät yksityiskohtaisesti olleet kyenneet
määrittelemään ulkomaalaisen vaikutuksen luonnetta, Emil
Nervanderinkin selostus oli siinä suhteessa kovin vähän antava, se
on hyvästä tyylistään huolimatta teatteriharrastelijan ylimalkainen
kyhäys. »Åbo Underrättelserin» puhe liioitellusta elekielestä ja liian
voimakkaasta painotuksesta sensijaan tuntuu hyvin todennäköiseltä:
nuoruus vie liioitteluun ja saksalainen tähtikoulutus oli sekin omansa
johtamaan siihen.
 Oskari Vilho on Bergbomille kirjoittanut vaikutelmistaan:

»Sinä kysyt, kuinka nti Aalberg on edistynyt? Siihen saatan

suurella mielihyvällä vastata: paljon, hyvin paljon. Hän on kerrassaan
kohonnut taiteilijaksi. Tosin on hän tuonut rikkaruohojakin vähän
mukanaan, mutta näillä ei näy olevan niin syvät juuret, ettei hän
omalla työllään voi helposti niistä päästä. Esim. tuo saksalainen tapa
maalata sanoilla ei oikein soveltune suomenkieleen, joka on niin
ääntiörikas ja pitkäsanainen. Muun muassa Aalberg nielee, tai
oikeammin vivahduttamisen kautta hävittää sanojen päätteet,
etenkin pitemmissä sanoissa. Vaan tuosta hän kyllä pääsee. Summa
se, hän on edistynyt, ja tästä lähin hän ei enää lue rooliansa, hän
tutkii sitä. Sen huomasin selvästi Laurastaan Maantien varrella.»

Vilhon arviointi oli sekä epämääräinen että epäselvä. Mitä hän oli
käsittänyt »sanoilla maalaamisella»? Todennäköisesti Ida Aalbergin
äänellistä moduloimiskykyä, joka oli Seebachin koulun tulos.
Lausuntataito epäilemättä oli suomalaisen teatterin useimmilla
jäsenillä sangen alkeellisella kannalla, ja Ida Aalbergin ulkomailta
tuomat voimakkaat korostukset ja detaljeerattu lausunta
hämmästyttivät yksin Vilhoakin, vaikka tämä oli Parisissa nähnyt
semmoisenkin tekniikan mestarin kuin Coquelinin. Sanojen
nielemistä ei voi selittää »sanoilla maalaamisesta» johtuvaksi, ja
turkulainen lehti totesikin »Maantien varrella» esityksen johdosta:

»Neiti Aalberg esitti Lauran osan kevyesti ja miellyttävästi. Se, että

hän sanoo sanat selvästi, on kiitettävää, ja toivottavasti kykenee
jonkun verran avaamaan korvat muutamilta teatterin nuorimmista
jäsenistä, joilla on väsyttävä tapa puhua niin nopeasti, että
useinkaan ei oikein voi käsittää, mitä näyttämöllä esiintyvä
herrasväki tarkoittaa.»
 Marie Seebachin koulun vaikutusta saattoi lukea yksin Ida
Aalbergin entisistäkin osista. Hänen heikkoudekseen mainittiin
liialliset affektit. »Hellät sukulaiset» kappaleen johdosta »Åbo
Underrättelser» kirjoitti:

»Hän esitti useat kohdat erinomaisesti, mutta vielä useammat

suurella saksalaisella paatoksella, joka paikoittain oli aivan
sopimaton tilanteeseen.»

Helsingissäkään, jossa teatteri aloitti näytäntönsä maaliskuun

alussa 1879, ei Luise Miller »Kavaluudessa ja rakkaudessa» koitunut
Ida Aalbergille ehdottomaksi menestykseksi.

»Uusi Suometar» kirjoitti:

»Neiti Aalbergin Luise Miller on sangen huolellisesti harjoitettu

saksalaisen mallin mukaan, eikä tämä malli huono olekaan.
Varsinkin on kiitettävää, että neiti Aalberg lausui hyvin selvästi. Tuo
saksalainen tapa säännöllisesti koroittaa ja alentaa ääntä kävi
kuitenkin mielestämme yksitoikkoiseksi ajan pitkään, niinkuin myös
noiden 'ah'-huutojen paljous.[11] Että neiti Aalberg on edistynyt
osoitti hän varsinkin muutamissa kohtauksissa, joista mainittakoon
vangitsemisen kohtaus ja myrkyttämisen. Ladyn luona paisui hänen
pathoksensa liiaksi. Ylimalkain olisi yksinkertaisempi käsitys
saksalaisesta porvaristytöstä meidän mielestämme oikeampi; mutta
neiti A. toimitti osansa johdonmukaisesti niinkuin hän oli sen
käsittänyt.»

Helsingin ruotsinkieliset sanomalehdet osoittivat kevätkaudella

1879 Ida Aalbergille suopeuttaan. Yksin »Helsingfors Dagbladkin»
piti häntä etevänä ja »jo nyt aika kehittyneenä näyttelijänä, johon
ohjelmisto tulevaisuudessa pääasiallisesti tulee nojautumaan. ‒ ‒
Se, joka näki nti Aalbergin »Kuningas Renén tyttäressä», yhtyy kyllä
tähän. Hänen näyttelemisessään oli kohtuutta ja älyä, lämpöä ja
naivisuutta.» — ‒ ‒ Mutta »Uusi Suometar» oli koko kevätkauden
1879 melkeinpä sotakannalla; jos lehti antoikin joskus tunnustusta,
niin se tuli siinä muodossa, ettei vastaanottaja voinut siitä iloita. Voi
olla oikein, kun lehti oli kirjoittanut »Hellät sukulaiset» kappaleen
johdosta m.m.:

»Liian usein osoittaa neiti Aalberg hämmästystä ja muita

sentapaisia liikutuksia, joita ammoittamalla ilmoitetaan.»

Mutta jos lehti kiitti, tuli kiitos esim. seuraavassa vähän

ilahduttavassa muodossa:

(»Onhan pappa sen sallinut») »Neiti Stenberg saavutti suuressa

määrässä yleisön mieltymystä Aurora Rosenvingen osassa. Neiti
Aalbergin hieno ja onnistunut näytteleminen olisi ansainnut
suurempaa huomiota kuin se näytti herättäneen», tai (»Korttiin
katsojan») johdosta:

»Erinomaisen hyvin näytteli neiti Aalberg varsinkin viimeisessä

näytöksessä.»

Jos tutkii »Uuden Suomettaren» arvosteluissa ilmestyviä

reservatsioneja tältä ajalta, alkaa helposti uskoa Ida Aalbergin
väitteeseen, että lehden arvostelija ajoi persoonallisia pyyteitä.
Viimeksimainitussa, parhaassa, arvostelussakin oli pukinsorkka.
Helsingin ruotsalaiset lehdet löysivät paljon kiitettävää Ida Aalbergin
näyttelemisessä keväällä 1879, »Uusi Suometar» teki kerta kerralta
jonkin ikävän »huomautuksen». Nuoren näyttelijän suurin voitto,
»Jane Eyre», sai »Uudessa Suomettaressa» sangen ilkeän
vastaanoton keväällä 1879. Kun »Hufvudstadsbladet» selitti hänen
päivä päivältä edistyvän ja lähenevän suuren näyttelijän päämaalia
ja »Helsingfors Dagblad» totesi menestyksen ja »Morgonbladet»
kirjoitti m.m.:

»Myöhemmissäkin näytöksissä nti Aalbergin esitys oli niin tosi ja

draamallinen, ettemme voi muuta kuin onnitella näyttämöä, johon
hän on kiinnitetty, ja me ennustamme nuorelle näyttelijättärelle
todella korkeaa taiteellisuutta, sillä lahjojensa ja opintojensa kautta
on hän siihen oikeutettu —», niin »Uusi Suometar» kirjoitti vasta
näytäntökauden loputtua:

»Näytäntökauden lopetti eilen Birch-Pfeifferin teeskennelty

näytelmä »Jane Eyre», mikä on saavuttanut paljon suosiota sekä
yleisön että arvostelijain puolelta, jotka tietysti ovat sentään
muistelleet sen heikkojakin puolia.» — — — Ida Aalbergista,
nimiosan esittäjästä, ei mitään.

Kun osa Suomalaisen teatterin näyttelijöitä kesällä 1879 vieraili

Viipurissa, Ida Aalberg mukana, sai tämä kaupungin
ruotsinkielisessä lehdessä arvostelun, joka osoitti, että hän yhtäkkiä
alkoi vapautua oppilasmaisuudesta ja vaikuttaa yleisöön. »Viborgs
Tidning» kertoi »Jane Eyrestä»:

»Myönnämme, että uteliaisuuden vallassa odotimme eilistä »Jane

Eyre» esitystä. Olimme uteliaita neiti Aalbergin vuoksi, jolla oli
pääosa, joka, olematta millään tavoin yhtenäinen ja tosi draamallinen
luoma, esittäjältään vaatii suuria voimia. Meillä ei aikaisemmin ole
ollut tilaisuutta tutustua neiti Aalbergin kykyyn, mutta esirippu ei vielä
ollut laskeutunut ensimmäisen näytöksen jälkeen, kun jo olimme
päässeet varmuuteen, että Suomalainen draamallinen näyttämö oli
nuoresta näyttelijästä saanut todellisen taiteilijan, jolle arvostelu
kunnioittaen kumartaa. Yksi ainoa esiintyminen oli tarpeeksi
muuttaakseen uteliaisuutemme mitä lämpimimmäksi mielenkiinnoksi.

Erittäin miellyttävän ulkomuodon ohella on neiti Aalbergilla hyvin

kaunis ja sympaattinen ääni, ilmeikäs mimiikki ja muuten
näyttelemisessään eloa ja lämpöä, joiden ominaisuuksien vuoksi
seuraa jakautumattomalla mielenkiinnolla nuorta taiteilijaa osan
kaikissa vaiheissa. Hänen näyttelemisensä todistaa hänen
harjoittaneen vakavia ja hyviä opintoja, se on läpeensä todellista ja
draamallista, suloista ja hyvin harkittua yksityiskohdissaan. Enimmän
ehkä miellytti meitä hänen esiintymisensä prologissa, jossa
laiminlyöty ja luonnottomasti kohdeltu lapsi koettaa hakea lohtua
tiedon aarteista ja paiskaa epätoivoissaan totuuden sanoja sen
ympäristön silmille, joka säälimättömästi on häntä polkenut. Tässä
neiti Aalberg osoittaa koko näyttelemisensä hienouden ja kauniin
kykynsä viehättävällä tavalla. Se on jotakin sellaista, mitä pitää
nähdä, sillä sitä on mahdotonta kuvailla. Mutta hänen esityksestään
muissakin kohtauksissa on meillä vain kiitoksen sanoja, niin, me
tunnustamme, että niiden huomattavien taiteilijain joukosta, joiden
olemme nähneet esittävän »Jane Eyreä», tuskin ketään voidaan
verrata häneen.»

Eräs Ida Aalbergin myöhempiä rakkaita ystäviä on sanonut, että

hän Huusniemen näyttämöllä Viipurissa kuuli ensi kerran Ida
Aalbergin äänen ja että se jo silloin vaikutti häneen
vastustamattomalla viehätysvoimalla. Tämän myöhemmän
ystävättären isä, kuullessaan tyttärensä jumaloivia sanoja nuoresta
näyttelijättärestä, sanoi tutustuneensa tähän Helsingissä, missä Ida
joskus teatterialansa alkuaikoina oli asunut Tukiaisen perheessä.
Tytär pyysi silloin, että isä kutsuisi Ida Aalbergin lähellä Viipuria
olevalle tilalleen, ja tämä pyyntö täytettiin. Ida Aalberg tuli, ajaen itse
hevosta ja puettuna silkkipukuun. Hän oli käytöksessään niin
luonteva, vilkas ja herttainen, että valloitti jokaisen sydämen. Hän
puhui isän kanssa maanviljelyksestä samalla voittavalla
mielenkiinnolla kuin tyttären kanssa tämän asioista. Leikittiin ja
heitettiin kuperkeikkoja heinäladossa. Silkkipuku, vaikka olikin niin
vahva, että »itsestään seisoi», ei kestänyt sitä menoa. Se kai olikin
otettu mukaan siksi, ettei sen omistajalla ollut muuta oikein hyvää
pukua.