High Compression Gas Engines • ɳ = 5%

• Free piston gas/air ɳ = 11%

Gasoline And Diesel •
Engines ɳ = 14%
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Spring 2022 •
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Lectures 9, 10
Dr. Nader Koura •

contain ”H S” hydrogen sulfide sour gas).

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I- Diesel Gas Engine

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1- Means for admitting gaseous fuel.

• Methods:
i- continuous either by a perforated or slotted
tube or by a nozzle.
ii- timed spring-loaded butterfly (plate-type Timed only through
valve). a valve mounted in
➢In NA 4-str. Engines
In the main air stream---continuous.
the cylinder head
In the individual air stream---continuous / timed. AIPC and AEPC
(after intake/exhaust
port closing)
Note
higher inj. Press for
better distribution.
➢In 4-str. T/Ch 2. Means of reducing the air flow at part loads.
and S/Ch Engines ➢Reasons:
• In gas engines (extremely lead mixture) at part loads A/F˃40:1 and at
• Only timed flow light loads it is even higher, then flame speed and burning rate is slow.
• Large valve overlap • Escape of unburned gases resulting in increasing pollution and BSFC.
(160°CA degree) ➢In NA 4-str. Engines
Methods: Butterfly (Damper) in the intake passageway.
1. Valve into cylinder ➢In 2-str. Engines
head. By-pass air at blower outlet.
2. Cam actuated gas ➢In S/Ch Engines
By-pass exhaust gases around turbine inlet or compressor outlet.
valve into the T/Ch
and S/Ch air stream. A/F ratio has to be adjusted to avoid:
1.Detonation at high loads.
3. Combined gas and 2.Quenching at part loads.
air valves. 3.Dropping charge temp below SIT of pilot fuel.
4. Check valve in large- This can be done by:
sized engines. 1.Governor shaft controlling fuel as well as air.
2.Exhaust gas temp sensor to control air flow thru a servo motor.

3- Modifications of the fuel oil injection system

1. Change nozzle tips with new
1. Manual change fixed or variable (w notice).
ones of half capacity w notice).
2. Automatic proportioning
2. Two-sets of oil pumps either
independent or duplex (w/o
notice)
Control of pilot oil
1. No control at all (constant).
2. Governor controls pilot ( ̇ Safety precautions
increases at part loads). Engine will shut-down (by closing gas valve) automatically
when any of the following incidents occur:
3. Momentary ̇ increase
1. Failure in fuel oil supply line or system.
during transient conditions
2. Lube oil press drops below set value.
(speed or load).
3. Engine temperature exceeds set value.
4. Over speed.

• Single butterfly and individual proportioning valves.
• Individual gas metering valves for each cylinder, governor
controls all valves simultaneously.
➢ This method is applied
1. When there is shortage of gas supply.
2. Where gas is produced in industry such as iron industry or
in sewage disposal plants, and similar applications.
• When oil prices are high compared with gas prices, HCSIE
is preferred to be used to change pilot oil by an electric
spark.
• Electric ignition system is strengthened to provide:
1. Higher voltage (25-30kV) to cross air gap at higher
pressures.
2. Higher energy to ignite lean mixture.
Note
1) Spark plugs must be well cooled to prevent pre-ignition.
2) Spark ignition is not as efficient as pilot oil ignition because:
o One ignition point vs. numerous ignition points.
o Shorter distance for flame to travel in pilot oil.
o Pilot oil has more energy than electric spark.
o Less emissions in pilot oil.

– HCSIE –continued -2
• To overcome slow flame speed and long ignition delay, an A/F • Detonation tendency is promoted by:
mixture richer than that of dual-fuel engine has to be used.
• This increases the tendency of detonation, Or
1. Unequally loaded cylinders.
• Reduce rv (ɳth , BSFC). 2. A/F mixture is too rich.
➢ Special features 3. Mixture is not uniform within the cylinder.
1. Ignition system.
4. Spark timing advance.
2. Gas admission system as dual-fuel engines.
3. Air flow is automatically reduced at light loads. In this engine 5. High cooling water temp.
it is of more importance because spark is not as good as pilot 6. High cooling air temp.
oil. In some engines, A/F proportioning is carried all thru the
entire operating range. 7. High compression ratio.
4. Gas proportioning is the same as dual-fuel engines. In some 8. Engine overload.
engines single metering valve for air and gas is operated by 9. High S/Ch output pressure.
engine governor.
5. intake air cooling in all S/Ch and T/Ch and many NA engines 10. Insufficient turbulence.
(power increase). This allows rv increase and spark timing 11. Low SIT (high H2 content)
advance and reducing detonation tendency. This can be done
by: water cooled pipes, water spray, and air turbine.