PHILIPPINE INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES

Review on your general knowledge about

Philippine Indigenous Communities
Bangsamoro
IP sustainable economic development
Ancestral domain
Natural resources conservation Review the Introduction to PIC PPT Slides
Unit 1: 5 Pillars of Islam
Unit 2: Northern and Southern groups
Research on the following which are not familiar to you.
IPRA
(The Indigenous Peoples' Rights Act of 1997 (IPRA), officially designated as Republic Act No. 8371,
is a Philippine law that recognizes and promotes the rights of indigenous cultural communities and
Indigenous peoples in the Philippines.
NCIP (National Commision on Indegenous People)
Karagan/Kalagan indigenous context
Mandaya’s crucial cultural practice on their special events
Timanem/Diwata for Manobo significance – “Timanem/Diwata” is a God who helps and
guides them to overcome challenges.
Hula-Bangsa-Agama doctrine role in socio-political and religious framework
- Learn from Yesterday, Live for Today, and Work for Tomorrow" A Celebration of the
Bangsamoro Freedom Day
Agama in fostering unity role
Abdulmari Asia Imao - National Artist of the Philippines for Visual Arts in 2006
Santanina Tillah-Rasul - first Muslim woman member of the Senate of the Philippines.
Fulong - B'laan elder
Obu-Manuvu ultimate authority in policy making entity.
Sama - Original inhabitants of IGACOS
Matikadong - Mansaka-elderly wise person who holds influence.
NORTHERN PHILIPPINE ETHNIC GROUPS
R1: Ilocos region
R2: Cagayan Valley
Kalanguya-Ikalahan
R3: Central Luzon
Aeta Magbukon
R4: Calabarzon
Dumagat-Remontado
R5: Bicol region
Agta
Agta Tabangnon
Agta Cimarron
Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)
Isneg (Nagbuangan)
Isneg (Barren)
Ifugao (Tuwali)
Ifugao (Ayangan)
Kalinga
SOUTHERN PHILIPPINE ETHNIC GROUPS
Caraga Region
Mamanwa
Manobo
Zamboanga Peninsula
Subanen
Soccsksargen
B'laan
DavOr, DavNor, Surigao del Sur
Mandaya
 South Cotabato
T'boli

MUSLIM INDIGENOUS PEOPLE

o Islam - refers to belief/faith, submission.
o Muslim - people with islamic faith
o Muslims have 500 years political history.
o No PH history can be complete w/o Muslim development - Renato Constantino

Sultanate of Sulu
1st muslim in south
founded by Sultan Abubakar
survived 2 colonial waves: Spanish & American colonialism.
Sulu - center of islamic learning

Sultanate of Maguindanao
founded by Sultan Muhammad Sharif Kabungsuwan Sultanate of Buayan
founded by Buayan family (marriage of Buayan prince & daughter of Sultan Kabungsuwan
founded after the death of Sultan KBSW.

Rajah Buisan
Maguindanao ruler; commander during 3rd stage of Moro wars

Sultan Qudarat
son of Rajah Buisan
Over 10 years: held political power over Mindanao & united 2 sultanates and people of
Mindanao.

Loss of Asabiyah
Asabiyah - tribal solidarity
5 PILLARS OF ISLAM
1. Shahada (Profession of Faith)
2. Salat (Prayer)
3. Zakat (Alms)
4. Sawm (Fasting)
5. Hajj (Pilgrimage)

11 MUSLIM ETHNIC GROUPS

1. Maranao - People of the lake; Lanao “Lake” Malong & Abaya
2. Maguindanaon - People of the Flood Plains (Magig+Danao)
- Weaving & metalwork; Textile: Inaul
3. Iranun - inhabited the area bordering between Lanao del Sur and Maguindanao province
4. Tausug – Brave People (Tau+ma-isug)
- Pangalay dance; wearing fingernails: Janggay
- seafaring tradition
5. Yakan – located in Basilan.
- The term Yakan is a mispronunciation of the word yakal by the Spaniards.
- While the term Basilan has originated from two words basi (iron) and balani (magnate)
6. Sama – togetherness (sama-sama)
7. Sangil-
- came from Sangihe an archipelago sprawling the Celebes sea just south of the Mindanao sea
- Their migration to Sarangani province and to the coastal areas of Davao Occidental and South
Cotabato was ahead of the coming of Islam to Southeast Asia.
8. Kaagan- The Kaagan inhabited mostly Davao areas.
- They became Muslims because of contact with the Maguindanao sultanate, and later
strengthened with the arrival of some Tausug groups who helped to organize the Kaagan
society.
9. Kolibugan - "half-breed" due to intermarriages with muslim
- interior of the Zamboanga peninsula
10. Palawan - Early inhabitants in palawan: Panimusan
11. Molbog

INDIGENOUS PEOPLES
400M IPs from 5k tribes
6% of world population
90% of cultural diversity
INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN PH
more than 100 Indigenous Communities (12M population)
61% - Mindanao
33% - Luzon
6% - Visayas
IGOROT: IPs in Cordilleras
LUMAD: IPs in Mindanao
1. Mandaya
- Mandaya in Cateel and Manay, Davao Oriental
- The name "Mandaya" means "the first people upstream," which shows how they're linked to
rivers and nature.
- Dagmay is a popular abaca cloth featuring intricate designs depicting humans and crocodiles,
dyed using a unique mud-dyeing technique.
- Bayok chanting plays a crucial role in significant events such as marriage proposals, conflict
resolution, and welcoming visitors, as well as in everyday celebrations.
2. Mansaka (Tagum)
- found in the provinces of Davao del Norte and Compostela Valley particularly in the
cities of Davao and Tagum and other municipalities of the said provinces in Pantukan,
Maco Mabini, Mawab, Nabunturan and Maragusan
3. Manobo (Jose Abad Santos, Davao Occidental)
- The Manobo ICCs are thought to be the original indigenous people of Mindanao
- "Timanem/Diwata" god or forest spirits as their highest entity (guardian spirits
4. T'boli

5. Tiruray
6. B'laan (Pigbaluyan, JAS, Davao Occidental)
- predominantly reside in the southern region of South Cotabato, with some communities
also found in Sarangani Province and areas surrounding Buluan Lake in North Cotabato.
- The Blaan community of Pigbaluyan is characterized by persistence and a peaceful
disposition.
 - Blaan communities are ruled by a datu or village chief known as fulong, meaning “wise.”
Usually, a fulong is the oldest and the wisest man in the village,
7. Kalagan (Banaybanay, Davao Orriental)
- The term "Kalagan" or "Karagan" originated from "Anlag," meaning the light of dawn.
"Kalagan" emerged due to pronunciation variations. The Spaniards adopted "Kagan"
because of cryptic communication by elders, encompassing meanings of "anlag,"
"kalagan," and "karagan." It originated from the sunrise over Eastern Mindanao, termed
"Kaanlagan."
8. Bagobo
Klata
- They can be found in Catalunan Pequeno, Tugbok District, Calinan, and Baguio District.
Agriculture.
- Bagobo Klata people are known as forest dwellers because they live in the forested
hinterlands of Davao.
- Klat-ang- a long bamboo or wooden staircase used in single-post house.
Tagabawa
- The Tagabawa people, who reside in the southern part of the Philippines, specifically from
Toril Lipadas to Makilala in North Cotabato
- known for being the guardians of Mt. Apo, as they occupy the foothills of the mountain.

9. Ubo Manuvu (Baguio District, Davao City)

The Obu Manuvu reside in the areas north of the Tamugan River, which include portions of the
Marilog District and Baguio Proper.
Originally called Tahaurogs, the Obu-Manuvu is a sub-tribe of the Bagobos.
In Davao City, the Obu-Manuvu can be found in all highland areas north of the Tammuhan (now
Tamugan) River and west of Davao
10. Subanen

ISSUES ON IPs
Ancestral Domain / Lang grabbing
Illegal logging & mining
Poverty
Internal Displacement- when they are forced to leave their homes due to conflict, violence,
human rights violations, natural hazards, or other crises within the borders of their country

RA 8371: The Indigenous Peoples Rights Act (IPRA)

 recognize ancestral lands of Ips.
creates NCIP under OP

1. Rights to ancestral domains

2. Rights to self-governance and empowerment
3. Social justice & human rights
4. Cultural integrity