PREVIEW: CHARACTERISTICS OF A STANDARD NORMAL CURVE

The following are the important characteristics of the standard normal distribution curve:

 The area enclosed by the curve and the x-axis is equal to 1.

 Regions under the curve approximate probabilities that random values fall in particular
ranges.
 The curve is symmetric. The area to the right of zero is equal to the area to the left of zero.
That is, 50% of the area is to the left of the mean and 50% of the area is to the right of the
mean.
 About 68% of the values are within 1 standard deviation of the mean. About 95% of the
values are within 2 standard deviation of the mean. About 99.8% of the values are within 3
standard deviation of the mean. (Empirical Rule)
 Using the curve and the corresponding table entails converting an observed value x to its z-
score. The z-score measures how many standard deviations σ an observed score x is from
the mean µ. To compute for the standard score, we use the formula

𝑿−µ ̅
𝒙−𝒙
Z= OR Z=
𝝈 𝑺

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 LESSON Z – SCORE OF A NORMAL RANDOM VARIABLE
1
A Z-Score is a statistical measurement of a score's relationship to the mean in a group of scores.
FORMULA:

Steps on how to solve the Z-score

Step 1. List all the values given in the problem
Step 2. Substitute all the values in the formula
Step 3. Compute the values in step 2

Example no. 1:
 The scores on a long test in Probability and Statistics follow a normal distribution with a
mean of 57 and a standard deviation of 5. What would be the Z-score if the student got the
following scores?

1. The score of Francis is 52. 2. The score of Rebecca is 62.

Solution: Solution:
Step 1: List all the values given in the problem Step 1: List all the values given in the problem
X= 52 µ = 57 σ=5 X= 62 µ = 57 σ=5

Step 2: Substitute all the values in the formula Step 2: Substitute all the values in the formula

Z= (x- µ)/ σ Z= (52-57)/5 Z= (x- µ)/ σ Z= (62-57)/5

Step 3: Compute the values using in step 2 Step 3: Compute the values using in step 2

Z= (52-57)/5 is equal to -1 Z= (62-57)/5 is equal to 1

Example no. 2:
Z-Score = -1 Z-Score = 1
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Given the mean µ and a standard deviation σ, complete the following tables.
1. µ = 38, σ = 3

RAW SCORE Z-SCORE

( 𝒙− µ )
Solution: Z= 𝛔
( 𝟑𝟎 −𝟑𝟖 )
Z= 𝟑
a.) 30
−𝟖
Z= 𝟑

Z = -2.6667
( 𝒙− µ )
Solution: Z= 𝛔
( 𝟑𝟔 −𝟑𝟖 )
Z= 𝟑
b.) 36
−𝟐
Z= 𝟑

Z = -0.6667
( 𝒙− µ )
Solution: Z= 𝛔
( 𝟒𝟎 −𝟑𝟖 )
Z= 𝟑
c.) 40
𝟐
Z=𝟑

Z = 0.6667
( 𝒙− µ )
Solution: Z=
𝛔
( 𝟒𝟒 −𝟑𝟖 )
Z= 𝟑
d.) 44
𝟔
Z=𝟑

Z=2
( 𝒙− µ )
Solution: Z= 𝛔
( 𝟒𝟓 −𝟑𝟖 )
Z= 𝟑
e.) 45
𝟕
Z=
𝟑

Z = 2.3333

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Example no. 3: What if we do it in vice versa? The given is Z-score how are we going to solve
the Raw score?
1. µ = 40, σ = 1.5 FORMULA: X = µ + Z σ

Z- SCORE RAW SCORE

( 𝒙− µ )
Solution: Z= 𝛔
( 𝑿 −𝟒𝟎 )
1.0 = X = 41.5
𝟏.𝟓
a.) 1.0
1.5 = X-40
1.5 + 40 = X
( 𝒙− µ )
Solution: Z= 𝛔
( 𝑿 −𝟒𝟎 )
1.5 = X = 42.25
𝟏.𝟓
b.) 1.5
2.25 = X-40
2.25 + 40 = X

( 𝒙− µ )
Solution: Z= 𝛔
( 𝑿 −𝟒𝟎 )
2.0 = X = 43
𝟏.𝟓
c.) 2.0
3 = X-40
3 + 40 = X

( 𝒙− µ )
Solution: Z= 𝛔
( 𝑿 −𝟒𝟎 )
2.5 = X = 43.75
𝟏.𝟓
d.) 2.5
3.75 = X-40
3.75 + 40 = X

( 𝒙− µ )
Solution: Z= 𝛔
( 𝑿 −𝟒𝟎 )
3.0 = X = 44.5
𝟏.𝟓
e.) 3.0
4.5 = X-40
4.5 + 40 = X

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Quiz No. 2.1 (Z-score of a Normal Random Variable)

Date of Submission: April 5, 2024 (Friday)

Instructions: Read and understand the problem carefully. Solve and show your solutions in
a 1 whole yellow pad paper.

1. Given µ = 62 and 𝛔 = 8, find the raw score value that corresponds to each of the following
scores to each of the following scores correct up to two decimal places.

a. z = 1

b. z = 2

c. z = 2.5

d. z = -1.5

e = -2.5

2. You have three grades in your report card that you want to interpret to your parents in
terms of performance: Mathematics (75), English (85) and Science (90). The means are 72,
82 and 88 and the standard deviations are 3, 10 and 15 respectively. Find the z-scores.

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