CRITIQUE OF NURSING STUDIES

Name of the researcher Name of critiquer

Mrs. Thankamma MS Mr. Nikhil Ketkar
1 st year Msc Nsg student

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

A randomized controlled trail of video teaching over lecturer cum demonstration in
improving knowledge and skill of nursing students on antenatal examination, in a selected
college of nursing in udupi district.

OBJECTIVES
1. Develop and validate a video teaching program on antenatal examination 2. Find the
effectiveness of video teaching over lecture cum demonstration on antenatal examination in

Terms of
gain in the post test knowledge scores, of nursing students within the experimental group
gain in the post test knowledge scores, of nursing students in experimental group.gain in
the post test skill score of nursing students in experimental group compared to control
group

NEED FOR THE STUDY

Many of the complication of pregnancy that cause death and disability among women also
jeopardize the survival and heath of new born infants every year nearly 4 million new born
babies will die and millions more disabled because of inadequate managed pregnancies and
deliveries or because of the mother's poor heath and nutritional statusthat are studied and
transferable skills, which are important for any young person starting a career

ASSUMPTION
The present study assumes that; video teaching program is one of the methods of teaching
and learninglecturer cum demonstration is an effective modality of teaching and it is used
widely in teaching theantenatal examination.the students will willingly participate and co
operate in the study

HYPOTHESIS
All hypotheses are tested at 0.05 level of significance
HI: There will be significant difference in the post test knowledge scores on antenatal
examination withinexperimental group.
H2: There will be significant difference in the post test knowledge scores on
antenatal examination between experimental and control group.
H3: There will be a significant difference in the post test skill scores on antenatal
examination between experimental and control group.

DELIMITATIONS
The study is delimited to Third year B.sc. Nursing students of Manipal College of nursing
Students who are randomly selected and willing to participate in the study.
CRITIQUING THE ETHICAL ASPECTS OF A STUDY

1. Was the study approved by an institutional review board?

Yes the study was approved by the dean of MCON, Manipal.

2. Was the informed consent obtained from the subjects?

Yes.

3. Is there information about provisions for anonymity or confidentiality?

Yes the researcher provided the information about provision for anonymity or
confidentiality.

4. Were vulnerable subjects used?

No, vulnerable group is not used

5. Does it appear that subjects might have been coerced in to acting as subjects?

No

6. Does it appear that the benefits of participation in the study outweighed the risk
involved?

Yes

7. Were the subjects provided the opportunity to ask questions about the study and told
how to contact the researcher if other questions aruse?
Yes

8. Were the subjects told how they could get the result of the study?

No the researcher did not say anything about publishing and how they can get the study
results.

CRITIQUING THE PROBLEM STATEMENT

1. Is the problem (purpose) statement clear?

Yes, the purpose of statement is clear

2. Is the problem statement written in a single declarative or

interrogatory sentence?

Yes, statement is written in a single and declarative form.

3. Are the study variables and population included in the

problem statement?
Yes the population and variables are included; Independent variable: video teaching on
antenatal examination in the experimental group (group B).
Lecture cum demonstration on antenatal examination in the control group (group

Dependent variable: knowledge and skill on antenatal examination.

Extraneous variables: age, sex, religion, previous knowledge, exposure to mass media and

previousexperiences on antenatal examination.

4. Does the problem statement indicate that the study would be ethical?

Yes, the study will be ethical.

5. Is the feasibility of the study apparent when reading the problem statement? Yes

feasibility of study is apparent.

6. Is the significance of the study to nursing apparent in the problem statement?

Yes

it is very significant in the field of nursing; this emphasizes the need for nurses to constantly
endeavor in preparing health education material, which is relevant to the needs of the people.
Thus it is imperative that the nurse can prepare the heath education materials on any topics
on a video tape and deliver the education as video teaching has proved in improving the
knowledge of students

CRITIQUING THE LITERATURE REVIEW The researcher presented

the over view of the literature under the following headings:

o Video in health science education.

o Video in client education

1. Is the literature review comprehensive?

Yes the review of literature is comprehensive and includes all aspects of the study under
above mentioned headings, but no studies related to video teaching of antenatal
examination are included.

2. Is the literature review concise?

Yes the review of literature is concise and gives a full picture of the study. 3.Are

all sources relevant to the study topic?

No all sources are relevant to the study topic.

4.Are sources critically appraised?

Yes all the sources are critically appraised. 5.Are

both classic and current sources included?

Only one classical source is included i.e. from 1984 study and the current studies from
1995-2005 studies

were used. (The study was conducted in 2008)

6. Are paraphrases or direct quotes used most often?

Only paraphrases are used.

7. Are both supporting and opposing theory and research presented?

Only supporting studies are used

8. Are most of the references primary sources?

Yes all the references are from primary source. The researcher used the majority of reviews
from theresearch journals and text books,

GUIDELINES FOR CRITIQUING THE STUDY CONCEPTUAL

FRAMEWORK: The researcher used modified Stufflebeam's CIPP model. 1.Is
the frame work clearly identified?

Yes, the frame work clearly identified.

2. Is the frame work based on nursing theory or a theory from another discipline?

The theory is based on education theory not from the nursing theory.

3. Does the frame work appear to be appropriate for the study?

Yes

4. Are the concepts clearly defined?

Yes.

5. Is the relationship between the concepts clearly stated?

Yes.
6. Are operational definitions provided for the theoretical concepts that will be
tested?

Yes.

CRITIQUING HYPOTHESIS AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1. Does the study contain a hypothesis or hypotheses?

Yes the study contains hypotheses.

2. Is each hypothesis clearly worded and concise?

Yes

3. Is the hypothesis written in declarative sentences?

Yes

4. Is each hypothesis directly tied to the study problem?

Yes.

5. Is there is clearly identified study frame work, is each hypothesis derived from this frame
work?

Yes

6. Does each hypothesis contain the population and at least 2 variables?

Yes

7. Is each hypothesis stated as directional research hypothesis?

Yes, the hypothesis stated as directional research hypothesis.

8. Is apparent that each hypothesis can be empirically tested?

Yes

9. Does each hypothesis contain only one prediction?

Yes

GUIDELINES FOR CRITIQUING QUANTITATIVE

RESEARCH DESIGNS

1. Is the design clearly identified in the research report?

Yes the true experimental design is designed (a randomized controlled trail)

2. Is the design appropriate to test the study hypothesis or answer the research
questions?

Yes

3. If the study used an experimental design, was the most appropriate type of
experimental design used?

Yes

4. Does the research design allow the researcher to draw a cause and effect
relationship between the variables?

Yes

GUIDELINES FOR CRITIQUING THE SAMPLING PROCEDURE

1. Is the target population identified?

Yes the target population identified, it was the third year B.sc nursing students.

2. Is the accessible population identified?

Yes

3. Was a probability or non-probability sampling method used?

Probability sampling method was used.

4. Is the specific sampling method named?

Randomized sampling method.

5. Is the sampling technique described?

Yes

6. Is the sampling method appropriate for the study?

Yes

7. Are the demographic characteristics of the sample presented?

Not presented in the sampling procedure but researcher discussed in development and
description of tools.

8. Is the sample size adequate?

Yes, 30 in each experimental and control group.

9. Is the sample representative of the population?

No the sample is not representative of the population because the researcher selected
only one college he

could have included 2 or 3 colleges.

10. Are potential sampling biases identified?

No it is a randomized sampling technique

11. Is subject dropout discussed?

Yes about 34 samples dropout discussed in the study.

CRITIQUING DATA COLLECTION PROCESS

1. Did the research report provide information on what data were collected, how the
data were collected, who collected the data, where the data were collected, and when
the data were collected?

Yes the researcher report provides information on activities of data collection.

For the control group pretest was done by administering knowledge questionnaire on
examination and the teaching was done by lecturer cum demonstration method on 29 Jan
2008.lecturer was given in the class room with the help of computer and LCD and
demonstration was done in the maternity lab on antenatal mannequin. For the experimental
group pretesting was done using the knowledge questionnaire on antenatal examination and
video compact disk teaching on antenatal examination was done on 30th Jan. 2008 with the
help of LCD projector.

On the seventh day post test will be conducted on knowledge and skill assessment was
done for control and experimental groups respectively. The individual student skill was
assessed by use of a mannequin.

The researcher herself collected the data in Manipal College of nursing on 29th Jan 2008
and 30 Jan
pretest was conducted and post test was conducted after 1 week

2. Was there a section in the research report where the data-collection instruments were
described?

Yes, there is a section in the research report where the data collection instrument is
described.

Tooll-back ground profile.

Tool2-knowledge questionnaire on antenatal examination. Tool-observational check list on

antenatal examination.

3. Was the description of the instrument thorough?

Yes

4. Had the instruments been used previously? Yes

5. Had the instruments been tested for reliability?

Yes

6. Had the instruments been tested for validity?

Yes

7. Was a pilot study conducted using the instruments?

Yes.

CRITIQUING DATA COLLECTION METHODS

General criteria

1. Was/ were the data-collection method(s) described thoroughly?

Yes

2. Was were the data collection method(s) appropriate to test the research
hypothesis or answer the research questions?

Yes

CRITIQUING STATISTICS.

1. What types of descriptive statistics are included in the research report?

Yes, frequency and percentage are used.

2. Were the descriptive statistics appropriate for the level of measurement of the
variable(s)?

Yes

3. Were both measures of central tendency and variability presented? Yes

4. Do the descriptive statistics clearly present the demographic characteristics of the

subjects?

Yes

5. Are the descriptive statisties clearly presented in the text? In tables and graph?

Yes

6. Do the descriptive statistics presented in the text agree with those presented in the
tables?

Yes

GUIDELINES FOR CRITIQUING INFERENTIAL STATISTICS

1. Are inferential statistics presented in the research report?

Yes

2. If inferential statistics were presented, is enough information presented for the reader
to make the determination if the appropriate test was/ were used?
Yes
3. Is the reader provided with the calculated value of the inferential statistic, the degree
of freedom, and the level of significance that was obtained?

Yes

4. Were parametric or non-parametric tests used when the other type would have been more

appropriate?

The non parametric tests used.

5. Are the chosen tests appropriate considering the level of measurement of the variables, the
number of groups that were tested, the size of the sample, ete?

Yes
6. Are inferential statistics presented for each hypothesis that was stated in the study?

Yes

7. Are the results of inferential tests clearly and thoroughly discussed?

Yes

8. Are the results presented both in the text and in

tables/ Yes

CRITIQUING THE PRESENTATION OF THE STUDY FINDINGS

1. Is the information concerning the study findings presented clearly and concisely?

Yes

2. Are the findings presented in an objective manner?

Yes

3. Is each study hypothesis or research question addressed separately?

Yes

4. Are the findings described in relation to the study framework?

Yes

5. Are the findings compared to those of other studies discussed in the literature
review section of the report?

Yes

6. Does the investigator discuss the limitations that may have influenced the findings of
the study?

Yes

7. Are both statistical and clinical significance discussed?

Yes

8. Are study conclusions clearly stated?

Yes
9. Are generalizations made that are based on the data and that take in to consideration the
sample size and sampling method or does it appear that the investigator has over generalized
the findings of the study?

Yes generalization is made because sampling technique is probability randomization

sampling.

10. Are implications suggested for nursing practice, nursing education and nursing research?

Yes

11. Are recommendation made for future research studies? If so,do these
recommendation take into consideration the limitations of the present study?
Yes