Ringkasan Ngge Ppt

A. Definition of Paraphrase

Paraphrases are sentences or phrases that convey the same meaning using different
wording. Paraphrasing is commonly known as a writing skill that demands to create of a
new form of a text without changing the meaning of the original text. The purpose of
paraphrasing is to provide readers with an accurate and comprehensive version of the
ideas that have been gleaned from the original source material.

In brief, paraphrasing is a process of reduplicating ideas and meaning of the text,

speech, or someone work by using own word. It should be highlighted that the
paraphrase text cannot be ambiguous or even irrelevant from the original source.

B. Tricks to Paraphrasing

1. Reword

One way to paraphrase is by using synonyms. In using synonyms, the match between

the original word and its synonym must also be considered.

2. Rearrange

You can change the word order while maintaining the meaning of the

sentence. You can also change a sentence from active to passive.

3. You need to realize that there are some words and phrases that should not be

changed. For example, a person's name, date, title etc.

4. Recheck

Look at the original text and re-read it. Make sure you are accurately

representing the message of the original writing.

C. Paraphrasing Steps

1. Read and understand the text/original (original source).

2. Do the selection, choose the most essential and useful (according to the topic

written).

3. Understand the explicit and implied meaning.

4. Think of your own "diction" or "word of choice" to replace and explain unfamiliar
word.

5. Use the thesaurus to find synonyms and substitute words that will simplify complex

words in the original text.

6. Keep writing the paraphrased original text source.

D. Paraphrasing Techiques
When write a paraphrase, restate other’s ideas in your own words. That is, write the
meaning of the author’s ideas. Use some of the author’s key terms, but use many of own
words and sentence structures. Include in-text citation, including the author’s last name
and (for APA style) the year of publication. An effective paraphrase includes more than
one of the following techniques.
1. Change From A Clause To A Phrase
 After He studied, John took a nap (clause)
After Studying, John took a nap (phrase)
 The House across the street is new (phrase)
The house that is across the street is new (clause)
2. Change From Quoted Speech (Direct) To Indirect Speech
 Direct: Mr Lee said, “I am ready for lunch”
Indirect: Mr Lee said, He was ready for lunch
 Indirect: Julia shouted that she didn't want to go to the dentist.
Direct: Julia shouted, “I don't want to go to the dentist.”
3. Change From Active Voice To Passive Voice
 Active: A hotel employee will carry your bag
Passive: Your bags will be carried by a hotel employee
4. Change To Synonyms
 Your bag will be carried by a hotel employee.
Your luggage will be picked up by a bell boy.

 More than half of the women who attended the one-day meeting were in business
with their spouses.The majority of the women who went to the one-day conference were
in business with their husbands.
5. Change Word Forms
 Original: Many people find watching tennis is interesting.
Paraphrase: Many people have an interest in watching tennis.
 Original: Some people think Facebook is an invasion of privacy.
Paraphrase: Some people think Facebook has invaded our privacy.11
E. Paraphrase Example
1. Original Text:
“At just 8.5 square miles, the Pacific island country of Nauru is one of the smallest
countries in the world. The island was once rich in phosphate, but most of the resource
has been mined leaving damage to the environment behind. Nauru has a population of
about 10,000 people.”
 Paraphrase:
Nauru is a Pacific island country that is only 8.5 square miles in area. It is one of the
smallest countries on the planet and only about 10,000 people live there. Nauru has
mined its once plentiful supplies of phosphate. This has damaged the environment on
the island.
2. Original Text:
“Although he was born in a poor family, Benjamin Franklin made a fortune as a printer
in Philadelphia. By the age of 42, Franklin was one of the richest men in the colonies.
He chose to retire from active business and become a “gentleman.” He began to pursue
“philosophical studies and amusements.” He was especially curious about electricity,
and his experiments made him famous.”
 Paraphrase:
Benjamin Franklin is well-known as both a businessman and a scientist. Franklin’s
successful printing business in Philadelphia led him to become one of the mos wealthy
men in the area. When he was only 42, he decided to retire from business and spend
more time doing things he loved, such as electrical experiments and philosophical
studies.
3. Another Example Of Paraphrasing (By Citing Sources)12: