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Practice makes perfect.

Notes:
 写作系统课 导学讲义

写作考试内容

⚫ 该部分由 A、B 两节组成,考查学生的书面表达能力。共 2 小题,共 25 分。


A 节——要求考生根据规定情景写一篇约 100 词(标点符号不计算在内)的应用文,类型包括
书信、通知、告示、纪要等。共 10 分。
B 节——要求考生根据提示信息写一篇约 150 词的短文。提示信息的形式为文字、图画、图表
等。共 15 分。

考查目标

⚫ 考生应能写多种类型的应用文,包括书信、通知、告示、纪要等,并能写不同功能的
文章,包括描述性、叙述性、说明性、论述性文章。写作时,考生应能做到:
1)内容切中题意,按要求完成试题规定的内容;
2)根据任务需求选择较丰富的语法结构和词汇;
3)语言表达规范,用词准确,语法、拼写、标点正确;
4)结构合理,层次清晰,内容连贯,合乎逻辑;
5)根据写作目的和对象,选择恰当的文体和语体。

分值分布

评分原则和方法

⚫ A 节作文的评分重点在于内容要点的覆盖和文章的组织连贯性、语言的准确性、文体
格式和语体的恰当。对语法结构和词汇多样性的要求将根据具体试题做调整。
⚫ B 节作文的评分重点在于内容要点的覆盖和阐述、文章的组织连贯性、语法结构和词
汇的多样性及语言的准确性。
⚫ 允许在作文中使用指导语或提示信息中的个别关键词语,但使用其中部分或整个语句
的,将被酌情扣分。

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Notes:
⚫ 评分时,先根据文章的内容和语言确定其所属档次,然后按该档次的要求来给分。
⚫ A 节作文的词数要求是 100 词左右。B 节作文的词数要求是 150 词左右。文章长度不
符合要求的,酌情扣分。
⚫ 拼写与标点符号是反映语言准确性的一个方面。评分时,要视其对交际的影响程度予
以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。
⚫ 如书写较差,以致影响理解,将分数降低一个档次。

很好地完成了试题规定的任务:
第五档 ⚫ 包含并有效阐述所有内容要点;
A节 ⚫ 使用了丰富的语法结构和词汇;
(9~10 分) ⚫ 语法结构和词汇准确,错误极少;
B节 ⚫ 有效使用了多种衔接手段,内容连贯、流畅,层次清晰;
(13~15 分) ⚫ 文体格式和语体恰当贴切。
对目标读者完全产生了预期的效果。
较好地完成了试题规定的任务:
第四档 ⚫ 包含所有内容要点,少数要点未能有效阐述;
A节 ⚫ 使用了较丰富的语法结构和词汇;
(7~8 分) ⚫ 语言基本准确,只有在试图使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇时才有个别错误;
B节 ⚫ 比较有效地使用了一些衔接手段,内容较连贯,层次较清晰;
(10~12 分) ⚫ 文体格式和语体较恰当。
对目标读者产生了预期的效果。
基本完成了试题规定的任务:
第三档 ⚫ 虽漏掉了一些内容,但包含多数内容要点;
A节 ⚫ 语法结构和词汇基本满足任务的需求;
(5~6 分) ⚫ 存在一些语法结构或词汇错误,但基本不影响理解;
B节 ⚫ 使用了简单的衔接手段,内容基本连贯,层次基本清晰;
(7~9 分) ⚫ 文体格式和语体基本合理。
对目标读者基本产生了预期的效果。
未能按要求完成试题规定的任务:
第二档 ⚫ 漏掉或未能有效阐述一些内容要点,写了一些无关内容;
A节 ⚫ 语法结构单调,词汇有限;
(3~4 分) ⚫ 存在较多语法结构或词汇错误,影响理解;
B节 ⚫ 未采用必要的衔接手段,内容缺乏连贯性;
(4~6 分) ⚫ 文体格式和语体不恰当。
未能清楚地把信息传达给读者。
未完成试题规定的任务:
第一档 ⚫ 明显遗漏主要内容,写了许多不相关的内容;
A节 ⚫ 语法结构很单调,词汇很有限;
(1~2 分) ⚫ 语言错误很多,内容很难理解;
B节 ⚫ 未使用任何衔接手段,内容不连贯,缺少组织、分段;
(1~3 分) ⚫ 无文体格式和语体概念。
未能把信息传达给读者。
零档
所传达的信息或所用语言太少,无法评价;内容与要求无关或无法辨认。
(0 分)

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Practice makes perfect.
Notes:
拿分策略

卷面的颜值——卷面整洁、干净
格式的正确——大小作文格式正确、布局美观
内容的组织——覆盖题干信息、观点明确、逻辑思路清晰
语言的表达——用词恰当、词汇多样性、语法结构

课程安排

一、小作文 小作文简介
实用句型(分段式)
真题演练
二、大作文 大作文简介
热点主题表达(主题词表达+句型表达)
真题演练
三、连接词汇总(目的、原因、转折、举例、递进)

 写作系统课 小作文讲义

题型示例

Part A
47. Directions:
Suppose you are planning a tour of a historical site for a group of international students. Write them an
email to
(1)tell them about the site, and
(2)give them some tips for the tour.
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)

历年小作文体裁

年份 考查形式 主题
2010 感谢信(+邀请) 感谢同事的热情接待,邀请他来中国旅游
2011 祝贺信(+建议) 祝贺李明考上大学,提出学习建议
2012 投诉信(+请求) 投诉电子字典质量问题,要求解决
2013 邀请信(+介绍) 邀请同学参加义卖会,并介绍活动细节
2014 告知信(+介绍) 告知未来室友生活习惯;询问国外生活建议
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2015 通知(+邀请) 通知举办夏令营,邀请志愿者参与
2016 建议信(+感谢) 感谢对方祝贺,提出练习翻译技能的建议
2017 推荐信 给留学生介绍中国文化
2018 道歉信(+邀请) 对取消行程表示歉意
2019 建议信 建议给出以城市交通为主题的辩论题目
2020 建议信(+介绍) 介绍参观的景点并提供关于参观的几条建议
2021 邀请信(+介绍) 邀请对方参加线上会议,并介绍会议的细节
2022 邀请信(+介绍) 邀请留学生们参加校园美食节并介绍美食节

小作文类型

邀请信、介绍信、建议信、推荐信、道歉信、感谢信、投诉信、祝贺信、咨询信、通知、纪要

信函格式 (email)

信函格式 (email)

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Notes:
通知格式 (Notice)

纪要格式 (Meeting Summary/ Meeting Minutes)

结构布局

⚫ 三段式

Para.1(开头寒暄+写信目的)≈ 30 words

Para.2(原因/建议/抱怨/安排/要求/介绍) ≈ 70 words

Para.3(再次强调目的+期望) ≈ 30 words

【总字数】:100 —130 words

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实用句型——【第一段】

功能句(通用)
⚫ I am writing this letter/email (in order) to …
⚫ I am writing this letter/email for the purpose of …
⚫ I, on behalf of …, am writing to…
⚫ As …, I am writing to…
⚫ I’m happy to receive your letter and know you…, I strongly…/ I’d like to…

功能词(分类型)
推荐信 recommend to you + 推荐的物/人.
建议信 give you some advice / offer some suggestions / share with you my ways of…, which I hope
can help you.
咨询信 ask you to give me some advice on…
道歉信 apologize to you /express my sincere apologies/regret to you.
邀请信 invite you (to this party).
感谢信 express my heartfelt thanks to you for your invitation.
祝贺信 convey my heartfelt congratulations (on your winning in competition of translation) to you.
投诉信 complain some problems (about the dictionary which I bought from your store three days
ago).

【第一段】
对于上周末给你们造成的不便,我写这封信以表达我深深的歉意。
I am writing to express my great regret about the inconvenience you suffered last weekend.

我写信给您是关于我最近在贵商店买到的一个令人不满意的水壶。
I am writing to you to complain some problems regarding an unsatisfactory kettle I recently bought
from your store.

实用句型——【第三段】

建议信/推荐信

希望有用+有问题联系(①+②)

① I will be more than happy if you can take my ideas into consideration and I hope my suggestions/
recommendations can be of benefit to you.
如果你能考虑我的想法,我将非常高兴,我希望我的建议/推荐能对你有所帮助。
① I hope that my suggestions/recommendations will be of benefit to you.
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我希望我的建议/推荐对你有益。
② If you have any questions or requirements, please feel free to contact me.
如果您有任何问题或要求,请随时与我联系。
② If you have any questions or requirements, please feel free to ask me at any time.
如果你还有什么问题或者需求,请随时来问我!
② If you have any other questions, please feel free to contact me at any time and I would be ready to
discuss this matter with you.
如果你有其他任何问题,请随时跟我联系,我随时准备好和您讨论这个问题。

【尾段示例】
我希望我的建议/推荐对你有益。如果你还有什么问题或者需求,请随时来问我!

I hope that my suggestions /recommendations will be of benefit to you. If you have any questions
or requirements, please feel free to ask me at any time.
邀请信
真诚邀请+随时联系+期待前来(①+②+③)

① I sincerely hope you could join us.


我真诚地希望你能加入我们。
① I’d appreciate it if you could accept my invitation and come to share the unforgettable moment with
us. 我希望您能接受我的邀请,并且和我们一起度过这难忘的时刻。
① I really hope you can make it.
我真的希望您能前来。
② Don’t hesitate to ask me if you have any questions.
如果你有任何问题,请随时问我。
② I’d appreciate it if you could offer me an early reply.
如果你能尽早给我答复,我将不胜感激。
③ We look forward to your presence.
我们期待着您的出席。
③ Your presence will be highly appreciated.
我们期待着您的出席。

【尾段示例】
我希望您能接受我的邀请,并且和我们一起度过这难忘的时刻。如果你有任何问题,请随
时问我。我们期待着您的出席。

I’d appreciate it if you could accept my invitation and come to share the unforgettable moment
with us. Don’t hesitate to ask me if you have any questions. We look forward to your presence.

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道歉信
再次由衷道歉+另约时间+期待回复(①+②+③)

① Once again, please accept my heartfelt apology.


请再一次接受我由衷的歉意。
① Once again, I feel so sorry for any inconvenience caused.
我再次对给您带来的不便表示歉意。
① Once again, I feel so sorry and I hope it will not cause you too much trouble.
我再次感到很抱歉,我希望这不会给你带来太多麻烦。
① I hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation and forgive me.
我希望你能接受我的道歉,理解我的处境并原谅我。
① I am profoundly sorry for this and wish there was some ways of rectifying the situation.
我对此深感抱歉,并希望能有一些办法来改善这种情况。
② Nonetheless, I hope you look sympathetically on my dilemma. I wonder if it would be acceptable
to reschedule a time for the appointment.
尽管如此,我希望你同情我的处境。我想知道是否可以重新约定一个见面时间。
② I will try my best to avoid the same thing happening in the future. I wonder if it would be acceptable
to reschedule a time for the appointment.
我想知道是否可以重新约定一个见面时间。我会尽力避免将来发生同样的事情。
③ Looking forward to your early reply. Best wishes!
期待您的早日回复。祝好!
③ Looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.
期待您在方便之时尽早给予回复。

【尾段示例】
我希望你能接受我的道歉,理解我的处境并原谅我。我想知道是否可以重新约定一个见面
时间。我会尽力避免将来发生同样的事情。期待您的早日回复。祝好!

I hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation and forgive me. I will try my
best to avoid the same thing happening in the future. I wonder if it would be acceptable to reschedule
a time for the appointment. Looking forward to your early reply. Best wishes!

咨询信
请求建议+表示感谢+期待回复(①+②+③)

① Could you please offer me some effective and practical advice?


你能给我一些有效和实用的建议吗?
② I’d appreciate it if you could take the trouble to do so much for me.
我将不胜感激您能不辞辛苦为我做这么多。

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② I would be most grateful for your action on this.
对此,我们将不胜感激。
①+② I understand you are very busy, but I would be grateful for any help you may be able to provide.
我知道你很忙,但我很感激你提供的任何帮助。如果可能的话,请尽早与我联系。
③ Looking forward to your early reply. Best wishes!
期待您的早日回复。祝好!
③ Looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.
期待您在方便之时尽早给予回复。

【尾段示例】
我知道你很忙,但我很感激你提供的任何帮助。如果可能的话,请尽早与我联系。期待您
的早日回复。祝好!

I understand you are very busy, but I would be grateful for any help you may be able to provide.
Looking forward to your early reply. Best wishes!

投诉信
寻求处理+期待变化(①+②)

① Please contact me at your earliest convenience and let me know how you wish to proceed.
请您尽快与我联系,并告知您希望的处理方式。
① I would appreciate it if you could give me a satisfactory reply as soon as possible.
如果您能尽快给我一个满意的答复,我将不胜感激。
① I would appreciate it greatly if you could address this issue forthwith and provide us with some new
products.
如果您能立即解决这个问题,并为我们提供一些新产品,我将非常感激。
① Therefore, I enclose a copy of the receipt for the product and hope that you can contact me at your
earliest convenience in response to this matter.
因此,我附上了一份产品收据的复印件,希望您能尽快与我联系,以回应此事。
① Though I am not seeking compensation, I do believe your store failed in its obligations towards
customer safety.
虽然我不是在寻求赔偿,但我认为贵公司在对客户安全的责任上有过失。
② I am looking forward to seeing some new and positive changes as soon as possible.
我期望尽快看到一些新的并且积极的变化。
② I do hope that you can better your service and that mistake won’t arise again in the future.
我真的希望你们能更好地提供服务,以后不会再犯这种错误了。
② I do hope that someone will take effective measures to deal with this matter.
我确实希望有人采取有效措施来处理这件事。
② I would suggest, in future, this issue is addressed. 我希望今后这个问题将会得到解决。

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Notes:
【尾段示例】
如果您能尽快给我一个满意的答复,我将不胜感激。我期望尽快看到一些新的并且积极的
变化。
I would appreciate it if you could give me a satisfactory reply as soon as possible. I am looking
forward to seeing some new and positive changes as soon as possible.

感谢信
表达感激+回报善行(①+②)

① It was so kind and generous of you to do this for me, and I appreciate it more than I can say.
您为我做这件事真是太好了,太慷慨了,我非常感激。
① Please accept my thanks for what you have done for me and allow me to express my gratitude.
请接受我对您的感谢,并请允许我表达我的感激之情。
② I will be exceedingly pleased if I could have the opportunity to repay your kindness.
如果我有机会报答您的好意,我将非常乐意。
② I would like to return the favor to you sometime by buying you dinner or indeed inviting you to my
home with your family for a meal.
我想回报您的善行,请您吃饭,或者请您和您的家人一起去我家吃饭。

【尾段示例】
请接受我对您的感谢,并请允许我表达我的感激之情。如果我有机会报答您的好意,我将
非常乐意。
Please accept my thanks for what you have done for me and allow me to express my gratitude. I
will be exceedingly pleased if I could have the opportunity to repay your kindness.

祝贺信
再次祝贺+祝福更好

Congratulations again! I am confident that you will make greater progress in … and obtain a brighter
future in your life. Wish you good luck and happiness.
再次祝贺!我相信你会在……方面取得更大的进步,并在你的生活中获得更加光明的未来。祝
你好运和幸福。

实用句型——【第二段】

【邀请+介绍信】
思路:
1. 时间地点
2. 活动细节

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3. 欢迎参与

第一句:陈述活动时间、地点。
例:这次活动将于 2022 年 10 月 15 日在我校体育馆举行。
The activity will/is scheduled to take place/be held on October 15th, 2022 in the stadium of our
university.

第二句:陈述活动主题 或 介绍活动细节。
例:这次会议的主题围绕着不同文化的不同习俗展开。
The conference centers around the theme of diverse customs cherished by different cultures.
例:节日期间,来自不同俱乐部的工作人员和学生将进行唱歌、跳舞和表演。
During the festival, staff and students from different clubs will stage singing, dancing and performances.

第三句:邀请参加,好处多多。
例:欢迎有兴趣的人参加。通过参与,你不仅可以欣赏其他国家的文化,还可以结交一些新朋
友。这对你来说肯定是个好机会。
Anyone who is interested in is welcomed to participate. By taking part in, you can not only enjoy other
country’s cultures, but also make some new friends. This is surely a good chance for you.

第四句:如有问题,欢迎询问。
(凑字套话,可选)
例:附加信息附在电子邮件中。如果您有任何其他问题,请随时与我联系。
Additional information is attached to the email. If you have any other questions, please feel free to
contact me.

【建议信】
思路:
1. 第一点建议+说明理由
2. 第二点建议+说明理由
3. 第三点建议+说明理由

第一句:提出第一点建议+说明理由
例:首先,你最好骑共享单车去上学,因为能够避免堵车,并且锻炼身体。
For a start, you had better/it will be a great idea if you go to school by shared-bike, because it can avoid
traffic jams and help you do more exercise.

第二句:提出第二点建议+说明理由
例:其次,骑共享单车对保护环境也是有帮助的。
Moreover, it is helpful/beneficial to protect the environment if you ride a shred-bike.

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第三句:提出第三点建议+说明理由。
例:最后,你能欣赏沿途的风景,这能够帮助你放松身心。
Finally, you can enjoy the beautiful sightseeing along the road, which can make you relaxed.

【推荐信】
思路:
1. 推荐理由 1
2. 推荐理由 2

第一句:总起句。(通用)
例:细节如下。
The details are as follows.

第二句:推荐理由 1
例:首先,这项活动旨在鼓励学生阅读更多经典书籍。完成活动中任务的人将免费获得一些书
籍。
First of all, the activity aims to encourage students to read more classical books. Whoever has fulfilled
the task in the activity will be rewarded with some books free of charge.

第二句:推荐理由 2
例:此外,通过参加这个活动,不仅可以开阔你的视野,还可以促进你对中国文化的理解。
In addition, by taking part in it, not only can you broaden your horizons, but also you can promote your
understanding of Chinese culture.

【道歉信】
思路:
1. 表示歉意
2. 说明原因
3. 另约时间

第一句:表示诚恳的歉意。
例:我对此感到非常抱歉,请允许我解释原因。
I feel awfully sorry about it and please allow me to explain the reason.

第二句:说明违约的原因。
例 1:我不能/将不能去赴约的原因是我不得不/将不得不参加一个家庭聚会,因为我表哥从北京
回来了。我父母刚刚告诉我我们要去接他一起吃晚饭。他们保守这个秘密是为了给我一个惊喜。
The reason why I failed/will fail to go there for our appointment is that I had/will have to attend a
family get-together because my cousin returned/will return home from Beijing. My parents just told
第 12 页
Practice makes perfect.
Notes:
me that we were going to pick him up and have dinner together. They kept this secret in order to give
me a surprise.

例 2:事实上,这几天我一直在想着我们的约会。不幸的是,我突然收到一个通知,通知我必
须参加一个对我非常重要的面试。
Actually, I have been keeping our appointment in my mind all these days. Unfortunately, I received a
notice suddenly telling me that I have to attend an interview which is very important for me.

第三句:与对方商量另约时间。
例 1:我非常抱歉我没有遵守我的诺言。我想知道我是否能和你再约个时间。
I am extremely sorry that I haven’t kept my promise. I wonder if I could make another appointment
with you.

例 2:我对此深感遗憾,希望有一些方法来纠正这种情况。我想知道重新安排约会时间是否可
以接受。
I am profoundly sorry for this and wish there was some ways of rectifying the situation. I wonder if it
would be acceptable to reschedule a time for the appointment.

【感谢信】
思路:
1. 回顾帮助
2. 表示感谢

第一句:回顾对方给我的帮助。
例:我仍然记得你为提高我的英语口语和写作能力所做的努力。此外,我也没有正确的学习方
法。然而,你慷慨地与我分享了你的学习经验。
I still remember what you have devoted to improve my English speaking and writing competence.
Besides, I didn’t have proper methods of learning. However, you frankly shared your learning
experience with me.

第二句:表达感激之情。
例:你的慷慨帮助和关心使我感动。没有你的帮助,我的英语不会取得如此大的进步。总而言
之,言语无法表达我对你的感激之情。
Your generous help and care made me feel deeply moved. Without your help, I would not have been
making progress so greatly in English. All in all, words fail to express my thankfulness to you.

第 13 页
Practice makes perfect.
Notes:
【投诉信】
思路
1. 描述事情经过
2. 表达不满

第一句:先说明对什么不满。
例:昨天,我乘坐了贵航空公司的飞机,我不得不说我对这条线路很不满意。
Yesterday, I took a plane of your airline and I have to say that I’m very unhappy about the line.

第二句:再具体描述事情经过。
例:首先,你们航空公司丢失了我的一个手提箱,里面有我的一份重要文件。其次,飞机延误
了一个小时。结果,我在一个重要会议上迟到了。最令人无法接受的是,飞机上的空姐对我非
常不友好和不礼貌。
First of all, your airline lost one of my suitcases in which there is an important file of mine. Second,
the plane was delayed for an hour. As a result, I was late for an important meeting. What’s the most
unacceptable is that the air hostess on the plane were quite unfriendly and impolite to me.

【祝贺信】
思路
1. 表达喜悦
2. 赞扬努力

第一句:表达听到消息后的喜悦之情。
例:我很高兴听到你在大学入学考试中取得了优异成绩。我无法用言语表达我对这个消息的高
兴。我看到了你的成绩,这让我非常高兴,因为我知道你在每个科目上都取得了优异成绩。我
很高兴看到你数学成绩 100%。
I am happy to hear that you successfully topped in your college entrance examinations. I do not have
words to express how happy I am with this news. I saw your result, which left me highly delighted,
knowing that you secured distinction in every subject. I was pleased on seeing that you secured 100%
in Mathematics.

第二句:赞赏对方的努力。
例:你一定是努力地练习才取得了成功,这确实是你家人和朋友的骄傲。祝贺你取得如此辉煌
的成就。我一直觉得你肯定能成功。你的成功确实证明了你的努力、奉献、专注和牺牲。您对
学习和更好理解方法的奉献精神一直给我留下深刻印象。这确实是一个盛大庆祝的时刻!
You must have practised hard to achieve this success, and it indeed is a matter of pride for your family
and friends. Congratulations to you for such a splendid achievement. I was always aware that you could
surely do something great like this. Your success is indeed proof of your hard work, dedication,
concentration, and sacrifices. I have always been impressed with your dedication to learning and better
understanding approach. This indeed is a moment of grand celebration!
第 14 页
Practice makes perfect.
Notes:
【咨询信】
思路
1. 说明目的
2. 具体说明事宜
3. 恳请帮助

第一句:说明请求对方帮助的目的。
例:我遇到了一个问题,非常需要你的建议。
I have come across with a problem and badly need your advice.

第二句:具体说明遇到了什么事情,需要寻求对方建议。
例:我最近得到一份很棒的工作。我觉得这是一个很好的职业发展机会,但我仍然感到困惑,
因为转到另一个地方总是有风险的。我有一份稳定的工作,我的家庭在这里,所以对于我的家
庭和我孩子在新地方的教育有点不确定。
I have recently got an offer of a terrific job. I feel this is a good opportunity to work for my career
growth but still confused as shifting to another location is always risky. I have a settled job and my
family here so a bit uncertain with regards to settling down with my family and my kid’s education in
the new place.

第三句:征求对方的建议。
例:我现在应该和家人一起搬家,还是我应该一个人过去,哪一个是正确的决定呢?请给我点
建议。这是我人生中一个重要的决定。你是一个我可以信赖的能让我做出完满决定的人,请帮
帮我。
Please advise me if it is the right decision to move with family now or should I move alone. Please help
me make this significant decision of my life. You are one person whom I can rely on a perfect decision.

【通知】
思路
写明活动时间、地点等
简单说明活动内容、参加人员范围及其他细节

Notice
To broaden high school students’ horizon, improve their understanding of intercultural
communication, our university plans to host a summer camp in the coming vacation from July 29th to
August 12th, the venue of which will be in our university.
To help achieve the established goal, the Students’ Union is recruiting volunteers to ensure the
activity will be carried out in a smooth and fruitful manner. Qualified volunteers are expected to speak
fluent English, possess strong communication skills, and be proficient in Office and other basic
computer software. Applicants with previous volunteer experiences shall be given priority.
第 15 页
Practice makes perfect.
Notes:
Anyone who is interested in this fabulous summer experience may send your resume to
xxx@xxx.edu.cn. before June 20th. We are expecting your participation.
Students’ Union
June 12th, 2022

通知
为了拓宽高中生的视野,提高他们对跨文化交流的理解,我们大学计划在即将到来的假期
(7 月 29 日至 8 月 12 日)举办夏令营。会议地点将在我们大学。
为了帮助实现既定目标,学生会正在招募志愿者,以确保活动顺利、富有成效地开展。合
格的志愿者应能说流利的英语,具有较强的沟通能力,并精通 Office 和其他基本计算机软件。
有志愿者经验的申请人优先考虑。
对这个活动感兴趣的人可以在 6 月 20 日之前将简历发送至:xxx@xxx.edu.cn.。我们期待
您的参与。

学生会
2022 年 6 月 12 日

【纪要】
思路
写明会议时间、与会人、主题等
简单回顾会议内容、会议流程及其他细节

Meeting Summary/ Meeting Minutes


Date: 2022/09/12
Presenter: All members of the Students’ Union, the newcomers
Subject:Welcome the Newcomers
A meeting was held on September 12th to welcome the newcomers of the Students’ Union and
make arrangements of students’ activities for the new semester.
The meeting began with an opening speech by Zhang Wei, the president of the Students’ Union,
to extend a warm welcome to the new members. After that, Mr. Zhang presented the working
experience of the previous Students’ Union, including preparation for the new books, doing social
surveys, the usage of the campaign money and something about the invoice. Finally, the newcomers
exchanged their living experience and feelings since the new term.
Besides, there are Reading and Debates recently, and the specific arrangements of everyone’s labor
have been announced. Detailed information can be found in the attachment.
Li Ming
Secretary of Students’ Union

第 16 页
Practice makes perfect.
Notes:
会议纪要
日期:2022/09/1
主持人:学生会全体成员,学生会新人
主题:欢迎会

9 月 12 日举行了一次会议,欢迎新来的学生会成员,并安排新学期的学生活动。
会议开始时,学生会主席张伟致开幕词,向新成员表示热烈欢迎。之后,张先生介绍了前
一届学生会的工作经验,包括新书的准备、社会调查、竞选资金的使用以及发票方面的内容。
最后,新人们交流了新学期以来的生活经历和感受。
此外,最近还将举行阅读活动和辩论会,每个人的具体工作安排已经宣布。详细信息见附
件。
李明
学生会秘书

真题演练①

47. Directions: (2019,Part A)


Suppose Professor Smith asked you to plan a debate on the theme of city traffic. Write him an email to
1)suggest a specific topic with your reasons, and
2)tell him about your arrangements.
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)

⚫ 写作指南
小作文考查建议信写作。
根据题目的要求,考生行文中需要考虑到:
1)提出辩论内容,此外;
2)陈述你的安排和理由。

⚫ 布局谋篇
第一段: 说明写信目的,并给出辩论的题目。
第二段: 陈述理由及日程安排。
第三段: 期待回复。

⚫ 参考句型
I propose that… 我建议……
The debate is expected to…辩论将……

⚫ 【范文】

第 17 页
Practice makes perfect.
Notes:
Dear Prof. Smith,
I feel honored to have the opportunity to plan and arrange a debate on the theme of city traffic. In
light of the worsening problems associated with traffic jams and deteriorating air quality, I propose that
the topic for the debate be whether private cars should be taxed.
The debate can be held in our university’s multimedia room, which should be booked one week
in advance. As students all have classes during the weekdays, shall we hold the debate next Saturday?
The debate is expected to last for about three hours, in which two groups of five debaters will defend
for their respective stances. Five experts will also be invited to rate the groups’ performance. If the time
arrangement is fine with you, I will send emails of invitation to these experts.
Thank you for your trust. If there is anything that desires revision, please let me know. Your
feedback and suggestions will be highly appreciated.
Yours faithfully,
Li Ming

【范文翻译】
亲爱的史密斯教授:
有机会计划和安排一场以城市交通为主题的辩论,我感到十分荣幸。鉴于交通堵塞和空气
质量恶化所带来的问题日益严重,我建议辩论的题目为“是否应向私家车征税”。
辩论可以在我校的多媒体教室举行,应该提前一周预定教室。既然学生都在周内上课,我
们下星期六举行辩论好吗?辩论将持续约三个小时,两支由五人组成的辩论队将为各自的立场
辩护。还将邀请五位专家来评估每队的表现。如果对于这个时间安排您没问题的话,我将向专
家发送邀请邮件。
感谢您的信任。有任何需要修改的地方,请通知我。非常感谢您的反馈和建议。
你真诚的,
李明

真题演练②

47. Directions: (2021,Part A)


Suppose you are organizing an online meeting. Write an email to Jack, an international student, to
1) invite him to participate, and
2) tell him the details.
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)

⚫ 写作指南
小作文考查两个体裁,分别是邀请和介绍。
考生行文中需要考虑到:1)邀请对方参加线上会议;
2)介绍会议的细节。

第 18 页
Practice makes perfect.
Notes:
⚫ 布局谋篇
第一段: 开门见山,表达写作目的和提出邀请。
第二段: 详细介绍线上会议的具体情况。
第三段: 结尾套话,期待对方参加。
⚫ 参考句型
I am writing this letter/email for the purpose of inviting you to …
我写这封信/电子邮件是为了邀请您参加……

⚫ 【范文】
Dear Jack,
I am writing on behalf of our Western Culture Association to invite you to participate in our cross-
cultural conference.
Since the pandemic is still spreading, the student union has decided to host this meeting online at
8 p.m. this Saturday. The cross-cultural conference centers around the theme of diverse customs valued
by different cultures. At the beginning, the instructor of our association, Professor Wang, will deliver a
speech on the importance of cultural knowledge in learning foreign languages. Afterwards, students
from different countries will be invited to introduce their local customs. Finally, time will be spared for
a free discussion to explore this theme in greater depth, in which you could share your understanding
of cross-cultural communication.
I hope you will be able to join us. If you have any questions concerning the conference, please
feel free to contact me. We are looking forward to your participation.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming

【范文翻译】
亲爱的杰克:
我代表西方文化协会邀请你参加我们的跨文化交流会。
由于疫情仍在蔓延,学生会决定在本周六晚上 8 点在网上开展这次会议。跨文化会议围绕
着不同文化所珍视的不同习俗这一主题展开。首先,我们协会的指导老师王教授将作一个关于
文化知识在外语学习中重要性的演讲。之后,来自不同国家的学生将介绍他们当地的风俗习惯。
最后,我们为大家预留了自由讨论时间深入探讨这一主题,在这个环节,你可以分享你对跨文
化交际的理解。
我希望你能加入我们。如果你对这次会有任何疑问,请随时与我联系。我们期待你的参加。
你真诚的,
李明

第 19 页
Practice makes perfect.
Notes:
【备考建议】

⚫ 充分利用真题范文
(理解题干—构思布局—下笔写。再对照范文,找下差异。要有耐心!

⚫ 不要依赖模板,思路和句型很重要!
(稳妥型与风险型?必须选择稳妥型)

【写作-连接词汇总】
因果关系:

as a consequence 因此;as a result 因此;as 因为;because (of) 因为;consequently 所以;

due to 由于;for the reason that 因为;hence 所以;in consequence 因此;in that ... 因为;

owing to 因为;since 因为;therefore 因此;hence 因此

并列关系:

also 也;as well as 还;both ... and 两个都;not only ... but also ...不但……而且……;

and(虽然简单,但是是非常重要的并列连接词)

序列关系:

first ...第一,second ...第二,third ...第三;following this 接着;at the same time 与此同时;

meanwhile 同时;afterwards 然后;subsequently 随后;finally 最终;to start with 开始;

at the beginning 开始;in the end 在最后;at the end of 在最后

递进关系:

accordingly 相应地;besides 除……之外(还)


;even 甚至更;furthermore 此外;in addition 此

外;in other words 换言之;moreover 此外;not ... but ...不是……而是……;for one thing,

for another ...一方面……另一方面……

时空关系:

as soon as 一……就;before 以前;eventually 最后;meanwhile 同时;in the meantime 同时;

while 当……的时候;not .... until 直到……才;previously 先前;prior to 先于……;

since then 从那时起;since 自从

第 20 页
Practice makes perfect.
Notes:
转折关系:

yet 但是;but 但是;despite that 尽管如此;in spite of 尽管;though 虽然;although 尽管;

even though 尽管;even so 尽管如此;however 然而;nevertheless 然而

条件关系:

as long as 只要;if not all 即使;if possible 如果可以的话;lest 以免;once 一旦;unless 除

非;providing/provided that 如果;given/given that 鉴于

比较关系:

compared with 与……相比较;in comparison with 与……相比较;like 如同;likewise 同样

地;rather than 而不是;similarly 相似地;equally 同样地;as……as…… ……与……一样

举例关系

for example 例如;for instance 例如;take the case of 以……为例;according to 根据;as an

illustration 作为一个例子;as for 关于;as regards 关于;including 包括;such as 比如;take ...

as an example 以……为例;like 比如

对比关系:

after all 毕竟;as opposed to 而;conversely 相反地;contrary to 与……相反;different from

this 与此不同;in contrast 与此相反;on the contrary 正相反;while 然而

强调关系:

actually 实际上;as a matter of fact 事实上;certainly 确定地;definitely 明确地;especially

尤其;extremely 极其;indeed 真正地;in fact 实际上;particularly 尤其;in particular 尤其;

not to mention ... 更不用说;notably 尤其;obviously 显然;positively 肯定地;specifically

具体来说;without a doubt 毫无疑问

总结关系:

all in all 总的说来;in conclusion 总之;in a word 总之;in short 总之;in summary 总之;

on the whole 总的说来;overall 总体上;the conclusion can be safely drawn that ...可以有把握

第 21 页
Practice makes perfect.
Notes:
地得出结论……;to conclude 得出结论;to sum up 总结;in brief 简言之;as I have said/noted

如我所说/指;as is mentioned above 如上所述

【大作文主题词汇讲义】

1. 社会热点类

经济危机: economic/financial crisis


经济不景气: economic recession
严峻的就业形势: a tough job market
廉租房: affordable housing
创造新的就业: generate new employment
刺激消费: stimulate consumer spending
扩大内需: boost domestic demand
基础设施建设: infrastructure construction
减免税收: tax relief
光盘行动:clean plate campaign
开放型经济: open economy
经济全球化: economic globalization
科技进步: advancements in science and technology
私营企业: private enterprise
电动汽车: electric automobile
房地产业:real estate industry
发展中国家:developing country
发达国家:developed country
国产品牌:domestic/national/Chinese brand
市场份额:market share/portion
城镇人口:urban population/dweller
乡村人口:rural population
春节假期:Spring Festival Vacation
居民花销:residents’ spending
新年礼物:New Year presents
聚会吃饭:gathering and dining
交通:transportation
吸引外资:attract foreign investment
深远的社会经济影响:profound social and economic impact
乡村振兴: rural revitalization
社会保障体系:social security system
失业:unemployment
住房问题:housing problem
可持续的城市发展:sustainable urban development
收入分配: income distribution

第 22 页
Practice makes perfect.

住房保障: housing security


Notes:
高质量教育: high-quality education

2. 教育

学士学位:bachelor’s degree
硕士学位:master’s degree
博士学位:doctor’s degree
获得学位:acquire degree
文学硕士:Master of Arts (M.A.)
理学硕士:Master of Science (M.S.)
小学:primary/elementary school
中学:middle school
综合性大学:university
学院:institute
高等教育:higher education
大学生:college/university students
大学毕业生:college/university graduates
教授:professor
系:department
专业:major
教学设施:teaching facilities
食堂:dining hall
宿舍:dormitory
选修课:elective/optional course
学杂费:tuition fees and other expenses
终身教育:life-long education
素质教育:education for all-round development
义务教育:compulsory education
应试教育:exam-oriented education
理论知识:theoretical knowledge
实践技能:practical skills
信息时代:information age
知识爆炸时代:era of knowledge explosion
学习成绩:academic performance
学习氛围:academic atmosphere
开阔眼界:broaden one’s horizons
激发兴趣:stimulate one’s interest
开发潜能:tap one’s potential
招生:recruitment
录取:enrollment
申请入学:apply for admission to/into
高考:College Entrance Examination
考研:National Entrance Test for M.A./M.S. Candidates

第 23 页
Practice makes perfect.
Notes:
3. 交通

交通拥堵:traffic jam/congestion, heavy traffic


交通管制:traffic control
尾号限行:traffic restrictions based on the last digit of license plate numbers
单双号限行:odd-and-even license plate rule
限制使用私家车:limit the use of private cars
发展公共交通:develop public transport
公交专用车道:bus lane
交通事故:traffic accidents
酒后驾车:drive under the influence of alcohol
行人:pedestrian
早晚高峰:morning and evening peak
交通高峰期:rush hour

4. 健康

生理健康:physical health
心理健康:mental/psychological health/fitness
进行体育锻炼:do physical exercises
保持乐观:keep optimistic
悲观的:pessimistic
均衡饮食:well-balanced diet
亚健康:sub-health
公共卫生:public health
心态:state of mind
垃圾食品:junk food
节食:go on a diet
减肥:lose weight
提供医疗服务:provide medical services
牺牲健康:sacrifice one’s health
全面禁烟:total tobacco ban
疾病:illness/disease
慢性病:chronic disease
传染病:infectious disease

5. 旅游

旅行:travel
郊游:outing
短途旅游:trip
观光游:tour
陆上长途跋涉:journey

第 24 页
Practice makes perfect.

海上旅行:voyage
Notes:
游客:visitor, tourist
旅游业:tourism, the travel business, tourist industry
发展旅游:promote tourism
旅游目的:purpose for touring
欣赏风景:appreciating scenery
缓解压力:relieving pressure, reducing stress
广交朋友:making friends
培养独立能力:cultivating independence
参观博物馆:visiting museums
故宫:the Palace Museum, the Forbidden City
长城:the Great Wall

6. 流行文化

流行文化: popular culture


电视广告泛滥:pervasive advertisement on TV
偶像崇拜:idol worship
上网成瘾:web/Internet addiction
虚拟生活:virtual life
网上交友:making friends online
网聊:chatting on the Internet
网上购物:online shopping
网络监管:the Internet supervision
网络暴力:the Internet violence
不负责言论:irresponsible remarks
网络游戏:online games
数码产品:digital products
手机短信:text message
手机入网:mobile phone subscription

7. 中西文化

文化融合:cultural blending/integration
传统中国文化:traditional Chinese culture
儒家:Confucianism
佛家:Buddhism
道家:Daoism/Taoism
京剧:Peking Opera
中国书法:Chinese calligraphy
功夫:Kung-fu
仁:Goodness/Benevolence
义:Righteousness
礼:Politeness/Ritual

第 25 页
Practice makes perfect.

智:Wisdom
Notes:
信:Trust
西方文化:western cultures
启蒙运动:Enlightenment
人本主义:humanism
后现代主义:post-modernism
多元文化:multi-cultures, pluralistic/mosaic cultures
文化多元化:cultural diversity
保存珍惜:preserve and cherish
取其精华去其糟粕:absorb its essence and resist its dark side
积极促进文化发展:promote cultural development positively
辉煌灿烂的文化遗产:glorious and splendid cultural heritage/legacy/relics
人类文明:human civilization
主流文化:mainstream culture
解读经典:interpretation of classics
餐桌礼仪 table manners
绅士 gentlemen
社会阶级 social class
人道主义 humanitarian aid
职业规划 career planning

8. 环境保护类

提高环保意识:enhance environmental awareness


环境保护:environmental protection
保持生态平衡:keep ecological balance
生态系统:ecosystem
自然保护区:nature reserve
可持续发展战略:sustainable development strategy
宜人的生活环境:pleasant living environment
节能:save energy
减排:reduce the emission of greenhouse gases
环保产品:environment-friendly product
清洁可再生能源:clean and renewable energy
太阳能:solar energy
全球变暖:global warming
低碳经济:low carbon economy
二氧化碳:carbon dioxide
气候变化:climate change
环境恶化:environment deterioration
乱砍滥伐:deforestation
水土流失:water and soil erosion
沙漠化:desertification
人口增长:population growth
第 26 页
Practice makes perfect.

野生动物保护:wildlife protection
Notes:
濒危物种:endangered species
过度开发:reckless exploitation
自然灾害:natural disaster
破坏性灾难性地震:destructive and disastrous earthquake
限期治理:undertake the treatment within a prescribed limit of time
白色污染:white pollution
限制使用一次性塑料袋:limit/ban/prohibit the use of disposable plastic bags
一次性筷子:disposable chopsticks
乱扔垃圾:litter
丢弃:throw/discard
垃圾:trash/rubbish
空气污染浓度:air pollutant concentrations
汽车尾气排放:motor vehicle exhaust
尾气净化器:exhaust purifier
无铅汽油:lead-free gasoline
小排量汽车 low-emission vehicles
工业粉尘排放:industrial dust discharge
:fossil fuel (coal, oil and natural gas)
矿物燃料(煤、石油、天然气)

第 27 页
英语系统课 大作文讲义

大纲要求

B 节(大作文)
要求考生根据提示信息写一篇约150词(标点符号不计算在
内)的短文。提示信息为文字、图画、图表等。共15分。

考查要点:写描述性、叙述性、说明性、议论性文字。

题型示例

Part B
48. Directions:
Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should
1) interpret the chart, and
2) give your comments.
You should write about 150 words on the on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

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英语系统课 大作文讲义

题型示例
60.00%
54.30%
47.70%
50.00%

40.00%

30.00%
23.90%

20.00%
15.80%

10.00%

0.00%
独自锻炼 和朋友一起 和家人一起 团体活动

某市居民体育锻炼方式调查

历年大作文体裁
年份 考查形式 主题
2010 柱状图 手机用户量00-08年在发达国家和发展中国家的变化
2011 柱状图 不同的品牌08,09年在国内轿车市场份额的变化
2012 表格 不同年龄阶段员工工作满意度的差异
2013 柱状图 不同年级的大学生兼职状况的差异
2014 柱状图 20年间中国城镇人口、乡村人口变化图
2015 饼状图 我国某市居民春节假期花销的差异
2016 饼状图 某高校学生旅游目的的差异
2017 线状图 13-15年我国博物馆数量和参观人数的变化
2018 饼状图 17年某市消费者选择餐厅时关注因素的差异
2019 柱状图 某高校2013年和2018年本科毕业生去向统计
2020 饼状图 某高校学生使用手机阅读目的的差异
2021 柱状图 某市居民体育锻炼的不同方式
2022 柱状图 我国快递业务量变动情况

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英语系统课 大作文讲义

结构框架
第一段 描述图表
句1 概述图表
句2-4 描述数据

动态图表:A变量上升/下降/稳定;
B变量上升/下降/稳定
静态图表:各项占比排序

结构框架
第二段 阐述原因
句1 引出原因
句2 原因1
句3 原因2
句4 原因3(可选)
第三段 三种思路
1. 归纳总结
2. 预测趋势
3. 建议措施

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英语系统课 大作文讲义

图表作文写作常识
1、图形种类及概述法:
泛指一份数据图表:a chart/graph/diagram/table
饼图:pie chart
柱形图:bar chart/column diagram
趋势曲线图:line chart/line graph
表格图:table

图表作文写作常识
2、常用的描述用法
 The chart/graph/diagram/table shows(describes/illustrates/reveals/represents) that…
这个图表显示(描述/说明/揭示/表示)…
 According to the chart/graph/diagram/table, …
根据图表…
 As is shown(described/illustrated/revealed/represented) in the chart/graph/diagram/table, …
如图表所示(描述/说明/揭示/表示)

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英语系统课 大作文讲义

图表作文写作常识
2、常用的描述用法
 As can be seen from the chart/graph/diagram/table, …
从图表中可以看出…
 It can be seen from the chart/graph/diagram/table that …
从图表中可以看出…
 We can see from the chart/graph/diagram/table that…
我们可以从图表中看出…
 It is clear/apparent from the chart/graph/diagram/table that …
从图表中可以清楚/明显地看出…

图表作文写作常识
3、图表中的数据(Data)具体表达法
持续变化的data在不同情况下:
增加:increase / raise / rise / go up ……
减少:decrease / grow down / drop / fall ……
波动:fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave ……
稳定:remain stable / stabilize / level off ……

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英语系统课 大作文讲义

相关常用词组
1、内容:figure、statistic、number、percentage、proportion
2、表示数据变化程度的单词或者词组:
rapid/rapidly 迅速的/迅速地 dramatic/dramatically 显著的/显著地
significant/significantly 显著的/显著地 sharp/sharply 急剧的/急剧地
steep/steeply 急剧升降的/急剧升降地 gradual/gradually 逐步的/逐步地
slow/slowly 缓慢的/缓慢地 slight/slightly 轻微的/轻微地
steady/steadily 稳固的/稳固地 stable/stably 稳定的/稳定地

第一段描述图表(动态图)
① What is shown in the column chart/line graph indicates that dramatic changes have
taken place in +主题词 from 起始年 to 结束年. During that period, there was a jump of
XX to XX in the A, while that of B declined significantly, by XX from XX to XX. (At the same
time, the percentage of C remained steady.)
柱形图/折线图中显示的内容表明,从起始年到结束年,主题词发生了显著的/巨大
的变化。
在此期间,A出现了从XX至XX的增长,而B则显著下降了XX,从XX到XX。(与此同时
,C的比例保持稳定/很平稳。)

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英语系统课 大作文讲义

第一段描述图表(动态图)
② The past few years witnessed a dramatic change in the number of主题词 from XX to
XX. To be specific, there was a sharp/remarkable rise/increase in A from XX to XX between
起始年 and 结束年, whereas the number of B dropped/declined gradually, from XX to XX.
(Meanwhile, the number of C remained stable at XX.)
在过去的几年里,主题词的数量发生了从XX 到 XX的巨大变化。具体而言,A 在起始
年到结束年间发生了从XX 到 XX的显著/急剧上升,而B的数量从XX 到 XX 逐渐下降。
(与此同时,C的数量保持稳定在XX。)

第一段描述图表(动态图)
③ The column chart/line graph clearly reflects the changes in the statistics of 主题
词 during the past XX years/decades. For A, there was a noticeable jump of XX—
from XX to XX—between 起始年 and 结束年. By contrast, a remarkable decline
occurred in the B, from XX to XX—during the same period. (At the same time, the
percentage of C remained steady at XX.)
柱形图/折线图清楚地反映了主题词在过去XX年/十年间统计数据的变化。对A来
说,在起始年到结束年间,从XX to XX,明显上升了XX。相比之下,在同一时期
,B却发生了显著的下降,从XX 到 XX。(与此同时,C的比例保持稳定在XX)

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英语系统课 大作文讲义

第一段描述图表(静态图)
① As is illustrated in the pie chart, there exist striking contrasts in 主题词. To be
specific, A accounts for the largest percentage/proportion at XX%, followed by B at
XX% and C at XX%. D accounts for the smallest portion of the chart, at XX%.
如饼图所示,主题词存在着鲜明的对比。具体而言,A所占的百分比最大,达
到了XX%,其次是B为XX%和C为XX%。D在图表中占比最少,为XX%。

第一段描述图表(静态图)
② What is clearly reflected in the pie chart is the主题词. In general, A takes a lion’s
share, accounting for approximately at XX%. The next is B, making up around XX%.
However, the least proportions are C and D, with XX% and XX% respectively.
饼图清楚地反映了主题词。大体上,A所占比例最大,达到了近乎XX%。其次是
B,占据了大约XX%。然而,比例最小的是C和D,分别为XX% 和 XX%。

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英语系统课 大作文讲义

第二段

(首句)重申主题

(后句)阐述原因

第二段
(首句)重申主题:
① The contributing factors responsible for this phenomenon may be summarized as
following two/three points.
导致这一现象的因素可以归纳为以下两/三点。
② There are many factors contributing to this phenomenon, but overall, they may
put down to the following two/three aspects.
造成这种现象的因素有很多,但总的来说,可以归结/归因为以下两/三点。

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英语系统课 大作文讲义

第二段 阐述原因
万能原因1:经济发展
① Initially, there is no doubt that with the rapid economic development in recent
years, people’s living standards have been improved remarkably, as a result of which,
an increasing number of people are likely to …
最初,毫无疑问,随着近年来经济的快速发展,人们的生活水平得到了显著提
高,因此,越来越多的人可能会…

第二段 阐述原因
万能原因1:经济发展
② First and foremost, with the rapid development of national economy and the
increase in people’s income, people’s material life quality has a great improvement
accordingly. Thus, people in growing numbers have a demand for cultural and
recreational consumption.
首先,随着国家经济的快速发展和人民收入的增加,人们的物质生活质量也相
应有了很大的提高。因此,越来越多的人有了文化和娱乐消费的需求。

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英语系统课 大作文讲义

第二段 阐述原因
经济发展——(反向论点)
Given surging food and energy prices, there are concerns that the high cost of living
could lead to pockets of unrest. Seventy-nine percent of the economists / surveyed
by the World Economic Forum / expect rising prices to trigger social unrest in low-
income countries, compared to a 20% expectation in high-income economies.
鉴于飙升的食品和能源价格,人们担心生活成本过高可能导致局部动乱。参与
世界经济论坛调查的经济学家中,79%的人预计价格上涨会引发低收入国家的
社会动荡,而20%的人则预计会引发高收入国家的社会动荡。

第二段 阐述原因
万能原因2:政府推动
① What’s more, it is universally acknowledged that the present situation, to a large
extent, stems from China’s renovation/policies/privileges of … and the perfection of
related rules/regulations.
此外,众所周知,目前的情况在很大程度上源于中国对……的革新/政策/特权以
及相关规章制度的完善。

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英语系统课 大作文讲义

第二段 阐述原因
万能原因2:政府推动
② In recent years, the government has paid much attention to the … and
funded/financed large-scale research projects to enhance/facilitate/promote/ensure
the development of …, since/because it serves as a driving force for/ plays a key role
in/acts as a decisive factor in/exerts an impact on economic growth and cultural
prosperity.
近年来,政府非常重视……并资助了大型研究项目,以加强/促进/推动/确保……
的发展,因为它是经济增长和文化繁荣的推动力/它对经济增长和文化繁荣起到
了重要的作用/它对经济增长和文化繁荣起到了决定性的作用/它影响了经济增
长和文化繁荣。

第二段 阐述原因
政府推动——(反向论点)
The reason lies in government intervention. In fact, with the pandemic, the
government has implemented effective policies to contain the spread and imposed
strict restrictions which restrain the crowd from gathering.
原因在于政府干预。事实上,随着疫情的蔓延,政府已经采取了有效的手段来
控制疫情的传播,并且实施了严格的限制措施,以阻止人群聚集。

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英语系统课 大作文讲义

第二段 阐述原因
万能原因3:科技变化
① Furthermore, the fact which cannot be ignored is that the astonishing
technological progression has made … technically guaranteed and feasible among
common people.
此外,不可忽视的事实是,惊人的技术进步使……有技术上的保障,使其在普通
人中也具有可行性。
② The availability of Internet is the foremost cause and the rapid development of
information technology enables everybody to have access to …
互联网的获得是首要原因,信息技术的快速发展使每个人都有机会接触/都可以
利用……

第二段 阐述原因
万能原因4:个人发展
① People will gain more guidance and valuable experiences through …, all of which
can increase their working and studying efficiency as well.
通过……,人们将获得更多的指导和宝贵的经验,所有这些都可以提高他们的工
作和学习效率。
② … will improve people’s confidence and their self-motivation, helping people
enjoy a sense of achievement and lay a good foundation for their future success.
……将增强人们的信心和提升自我激励能力,有助于人们享受成就感,并为他们
未来的成功奠定良好的基础。

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英语系统课 大作文讲义

第二段 阐述原因
万能原因5:便利省时
① With stunning speed, the … is profoundly changing the way we work, shop, do
business, and communicate. It brings more convenience to our daily lives and jobs,
and then the potential can be fully exploited, and time saved.
……正在以惊人的速度,……深刻地改变着我们工作、购物、商务和交流的方式
。它给我们的日常生活和工作带来了更多的便利,然后使我们的潜力得到充分
发挥,还节省了时间。

第二段 阐述原因
万能原因5:便利省时
② People nowadays are always occupied with loads of duties at work and piles of
chores at home. … Staying alone frees them from the troubles and inconvenience of
adjusting to others’ schedules.
现在,人们总是忙于繁重的工作和成堆的家务活……。独自一人就能使他们摆脱
这种调整以适应他人日程的麻烦和不便。

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英语系统课 大作文讲义

第二段 阐述原因
万能原因6:观念改变
① With the deeper understanding on …, people’s opinions changed a lot compared
with the ideas they and their parents had decades ago, and it receives great
attention among the public and becomes a necessary part of everyone’s life.
随着人们对……认识的加深,与几十年前他们和父母的想法相比,人们的看法发
生了很大的变化,它受到了公众的极大关注,成为每个人生活中不可缺少的一
部分。

第二段 阐述原因
万能原因6:观念改变
② There is no doubt that with the rapid economic development in recent years, the
turning of people’s attitude towards and outlook on life has changed a lot, and an
increasing number of people are paying more attention to … than the past few years.
毫无疑问,随着近年来经济的快速发展,人们的生活态度和人生观发生了很大
变化,越来越多的人比过去几年更加关注……

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英语系统课 大作文讲义

第二段 阐述原因
万能原因7:身心健康
① … would be beneficial to people’s health. Continued exposure to fog and haze has
been linked to worsened functioning of the immune system, leaving a person more
liable to infection and diseases.
……有益于人们的健康。持续暴露在雾霾中与免疫系统功能恶化有关,使人更容
易受到感染和疾病。

第二段 阐述原因
万能原因7:身心健康
② With the increasing enrichment of material life, people put forward new
requirements for spiritual life to meet the needs of spiritual life.
随着物质生活的日益丰富,人们对精神生活提出了新的要求,以满足精神生活
的需要。

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英语系统课 大作文讲义

第二段 阐述原因
万能原因8:沟通交流
① … can enhance communication among human beings and improve mutual
understanding, making more friends and lives more enjoyable.
……可以增进人与人之间的交流,增加相互了解,结交更多的朋友,让生活更
加愉快。

② These students bear /suffer great academic pressure, thus it is reasonable and
wise for them to release the pressure by ...
这些学生承受着巨大的学业压力,因此通过……来释放压力是合理和明智的。

第三段
① Considering all the points discussed above, we can naturally come to the conclusion
that the trend demonstrated in the chart will definitely sustain in the forthcoming
future.
考虑到上面讨论的所有要点,我们自然可以得出结论,图表中显示的趋势在不久
的将来一定会持续。

② Based on the analysis listed above, it is foreseeable that such a multifaceted


phenomenon will exist and remain unchanged in the near future.
根据上述分析,可以预见,这种多方面的现象将存在并在不久的将来保持不变。

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英语系统课 大作文讲义

图表主题
 中国城市和乡村人口数据
the data between urban and rural population in China
 不同人对于工作的满意程度
the job satisfaction degree of different people
 当今中国支付方式的比例
the percentage of payment methods in China nowadays
 某些品牌的市场份额
the market shares of certain brands

变化范围
 在年份1到年份2
between 2010 and 2022, from 2010 to 2022
 在过去20年
during the past twenty years, during the past two decades

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英语系统课 大作文讲义

附录资料
 大作文主题词汇总
 写作转接词汇总

真题演练-2021年

48. Directions:

Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should

1) interpret the chart, and

2) give your comments.

You should write about 150 words on the on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

19
英语系统课 大作文讲义

真题演练-2021年
60.00%
54.30%
50.00% 47.70%

40.00%

30.00%
23.90%
20.00% 15.80%

10.00%

0.00%
独自锻炼 和朋友一起 和家人一起 团体活动
某市居民体育锻炼方式调查

真题演练-2021年
题型分析

 大作文考查柱状图写作,要求描述某市居民体育锻炼的不同方式。

 图中包含四种不同方式(独自锻炼、和朋友一起、和家人一起和团

体活动),在描述中应体现出这四种方式的不同占比。

 此外, 还应对该柱状图的现象进行解释说明。

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英语系统课 大作文讲义

真题演练-2021年
段落规划

第一段:分析数据,指出现象(某市居民体育锻炼的不同方式间存在差异)。

第二段:分析现象背后的原因(提高锻炼效率;改变运动类型)。

第三段:总结并预测未来。

真题演练-2021年
The chart illustrates how residents in a city
60.00% 54.30% take exercise. As the data reveals, the
47.70%
50.00% percentage of people who take exercise on their

40.00% own is the highest at approximately 54%, while


the proportion of those who work out with
30.00%
23.90%
friends reaches 47.7%. Following next are the
20.00% 15.80%
ratios of people who work out with their family
10.00% members and who do exercise in groups, with
0.00% the percentages being 23.9% and 15.8%
独自锻炼 和朋友一起和家人一起 团体活动
respectively. (Para.1)
某市居民体育锻炼方式调查

21
英语系统课 大作文讲义

真题演练-2021年
As far as I’m concerned, the reason why most people choose to do exercise alone can
be explained by the following two factors. To begin with, in the fast-paced modern
society, most people have to squeeze exercising time into their hectic schedules. Doing
exercise alone frees them from the trouble and inconvenience of adjusting to the others’
schedules. Secondly, with an increasing number of gyms being built, many people prefer
to exercise in gyms, which, unlike outdoor sports such as playing badminton or
basketball, does not require the attendance of partners. (Para.2)
To sum up, with the improvement of life quality, people will attach greater importance
to physical health. From my perspective, more diverse means enabling people to do
exercise flexibly and conveniently are very likely to appear in the coming years. (Para.3)

真题演练-2021年
这张图表说明了某市居民锻炼身体的方式。正如数据所显示,选择独自锻
炼的人数比例最高,约为54%,而与朋友一起锻炼的人数比例为47.7%。接下来
是与家人一起锻炼以及进行团体锻炼人数的比例,分别为23.9%和15.8%。
我认为,大多数人选择单独锻炼是由以下两个因素所导致的。首先,在快
节奏的现代社会,大多数人不得不见缝插针,在繁忙的日程中挤出锻炼的时间
。单独做运动可以使他们免去和其他人凑时间锻炼的麻烦和不便。第二,随着
开设的健身房越来越多,许多人喜欢在健身房锻炼,与我们的户外运动如打羽
毛球或篮球不同的是,这种锻炼方式并不需要伙伴的参与。
综上所述,随着生活质量的提高,人们将更加重视身体健康。在我看来,
未来几年可能会出现更多样化的方法,使人们能够灵活方便地进行锻炼。

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