FIBRES TO YARN

A fibre is a hair-like strand natural or man made used to make

fabric or cloth.

It is a unit of matter which can be spun into yarn or made into

fabric.

Fibres are the basic units used in the making of textiles yarn and
fabric.

Yarn: this is a thread formed by grouping fibres into continuous

strands.

Fabric: a fabric is a piece of cloth made using yarn through the

various methods of fabric construction ie weaving, knitting,
crocheting, bonding, laminating, felting etc.

Blending: is where a yarn is spun from two or more fibres of

different origins.

Blending is combining fibres with different characteristics to create

multicomponent fibre/ yarn/ fabric. Fibres are blended to obtain
the advantages of each and counteract the disadvantages. It helps
reduce the production costs of fabrics. The properties of blended
fibres depend on the proportion of the fibres used.

Carding: here very short fibres are removed during this process.
The fibres are partly straightened and formed into card sliver (this
is a rope like strand about 1cm in diameter. These carded fibres are
directly fed to drawing out machines.

Combing: this process produces very fine yarns. In this process more
straightening of the fibres is done and fibres are arranged parallel
to one another. After fibres have gone through combing machines
they form a combed sliver. The combing of fibres produces yarn of
high quality, excellent evenness, good strength.
Filament yarns: these are yarns produced in a continuous process.
Continuous filament yarn is a thread of about a mile in length. A
particular amount of twist is given and the yarn is ready being
processed into fabric filament yarns are usually smooth.

Staple yarns: this depends on length of cut fibres. Staple fibre

yarns are made with different diameters. They can range from fine
to relatively heavy and thick yarns. In order for staple fibres to
hold in place, they should have enough twist.