PROCEDURE

FOR

RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING FOR STEEL STRUCTURE

D oc um e nt N o : ExWI-NDT-21104 Page : 1 of 25 R ev is e No : 00 I s s u e D at e: July 26, 2021

Prepared By Reviewed and Approved By

Signature

Position ASNT NDT Level III-245131 ASNT NDT Level III-173938

Name Mr. Sudhir Kumar Pantagani Mr. Wichan Chunta

Sign Date July 26, 2021 July 26, 2021

Assigned to client Copy No. Total Page

25

Correction History

00 July 26, 2021 First issue

Revise No. Revise Date Description
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 SCOPE 3
2.0 PERSONNEL 3
3.0 REFERENCE 3
4.0 EQUIPMENT AND MATERIAL 3
5.0 TECHNIQUE 4
6.0 LOCATION MARKERS AND FILM IDENTIFICATION 6
7.0 GEOMETRICAL UNSHARPNESS 7
8.0 EVALUATION OF RADIOGRAPHIC QUALITY 7
9.0 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA 8
10.0 DOCUMENTATION 8
ATTACHMENT NO. A : RADIGRAPHIC TESTING REPORT 9
ATTACHMENT NO.B : SAFETY PROCEDURE 10
ATTACHMENT NO. C : ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA 12
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1.0 SCOPE
This Radiographic examination procedure is applied for weldments and base material of steel, alloy
steel, in the thickness range up to 75 mm.

2.0 PERSONNEL
2.1 Personnel performing this examination shall be qualified in accordance with Qualitech Written
Practice, which is in accordance with the guidelines of the SNT-TC-1A or equivalent.
2.2 ASNT Level I and Level 2 personnel may perform radiography and only ASNT/CSWIP/PCN/ISO
9712 Level II personnel shall evaluate the results, interpret and endorsed signature on the
reports.
2.3 Certification ASNT Level I and Level II individual shall be issue by ASNT/ACCP Level III.

3.0 REFERENCE
3.1 ASNT Recommended Practice No SNT-TC-1A, 2016 Edition
3.2 ASME Section V, Article 2 “Nondestructive Examination, Radiographic Examination”,2019 Edition
3.3 AWS D1.1 Structural Welding Code – Steel, 2020 Edition

4.0 EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

4.1 Radiation
 Gamma Radiation Source
Isotopes : Iridium 192
Spot Size : 3.0 X 3.0 mm. or 2.5 X 3.0 mm.
4.2 Film
Radiographic film shall be industrial radiographic film. The type of film selection shall be as
following
 ASTM Class I Equivalent with AGFA D4, Kodak MX, Fuji IX80 and Fuji IX50 shall be use
for Material thickness less than 12.7 mm.
 ASTM Class II Equivalent with AGFA D7 and Fuji100 shall be use for Material thickness
equal or greater than 12.7 mm.
 Film Size 3.5” x 8.5”, 3.5” x 17”, 4.5” x 8.5” and 4.5” x 17” shall be used.
4.3 Screens
Lead intensifying screens for front and back screens shall be used in each holder. The self-lead
cassette can be used. Fluorescent screens shall not be permitted.
 Thickness of lead foil screen shall be 0.13 mm in accordance with ASTM E94.
Lead foil screens 0.027 mm thickness can be used when radiographic quality and
penetrameter sensitivity was achieved.
4.4 Filters
Lead, steel or copper filters may be used, if necessary.
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4.5 The penetrameters (IQI)

The wire type penetrameters to be used for the image quality indicator (IQI) shall be in
accordance with ASTM E-747. The penetrameter shall be made from the low alloy steel for use
on all forms of steel, except for highly alloyed metals, the penetrameter materials shall
correspond to the materials being examined.

4.6 Viewing Facilities

Viewer shall be provided with spot review or masked spot review capability and sufficient capacity
H&D density of 4.0
Viewing facilities shall provide subdued background lighting of an intensity that will not cause
troublesome reflections, shadows, or glare on the radiograph. Equipment used to view
radiographs for interpretation shall provide a variable light source sufficient for the designated
wire to be visible for the specified density range. The viewing conditions shall be such that light
form around the outer edge of the radiograph or coming through low-density portions of the
radiograph does not interfere with interpretation.
Density comparison strip densitometer shall be provided at viewing facility
4.7 Film Processing
Manual film processing shall be used and the chemical manufacturer shall be identical to the film
manufacturer and shall be in accordance with ASTM E 94.
4.8 Densitometers shall calibrated and traceable to recognized standard.

5.0 TECHNIQUE
5.1 Surface preparation.
Weld may be left in the “as welded” condition, or dressed (tuched up) to remove visual defects
with in Code requirements. The finished surface of all butt-welded joints may have reasonably
uniform crowns, with reinforcement on each side of all butt-welded joints. The reinforcement
shall not exceed the applicable standard specified values.
5.2 Radiographs shall be made with a single source of radiation centered as near as practicable with
respect to the length and width of that portion of the weld being examined.
5.3 A single wall exposure technique shall be used whenever practical, when it is not practical to use
a single wall technique, a double wall technique shall be used. An adequate number of exposures
shall be made to demonstrate that the required coverage has been obtained.
5.4 Penetrameters selection, placement and number.
5.4.1 The penetrameters shall be selected and placed on the weldment in the area of interest
being radiographed as per Table 8.5 & 8.6 of AWS D1.1
a) For welds without reinforcement.
The thickness on which the penetrameter will be based is the nominal single wall
thickness. Backing rings or strips are not to be considered as part of the weld
thickness.
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b) For welds with reinforcement.

The thickness on which the penetrameter will be based is the nominal single wall
thickness plus the estimated weld reinforcement. Backing rings or strips are not to
be considered as part of the weld or reinforcement thickness.
5.4.2 The number of penetrameters to be used shall be in accordance with Table 8.6 of AWS
D1.1 which is based on the length of radiographed, nominal base metal thickness, type of
structures tubular of nontubular, etc.
5.5 A lead symbol “B”, with minimum dimensions of ½ in. (12 mm.) height and 1/16 in. (2.0 mm.)
thickness, shall be attached to the approximate middle of the back of each film holder. If a light
image of the “B” appears on a darker background of the film, that radiograph shall be considered
unacceptable. A dark image of the “B” on a lighter background is not cause for rejection.

Table 8.5 & 8.6: IQI Selection and Placement

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6.0 LOCATION MARKERS AND FILM IDENTIFICAITON

6.1 Location markers, which are to appear as images on the film, shall be placed on the surface near
the weld at the film intervals for multiple exposures or placed at the approximate center point of
the film location for single exposures. The location of the markers shall be marked on the surface
of the part by paint stick or on a record drawing. In this manner, the area of interest on a
radiographic film may be accurately traceable to its location on the surface of the part. It also
provides evidence on the radiograph that the area being examined has been obtained.
6.2 Lead number location markers (film interval numbers or identification numbers), which are to
appear as images on the film, shall be placed on the material adjacent to the weld at the marks
located in 6.1
6.3 Lead alphabet markers for tubular welds shall be located as follows
6.3.1 For single wall viewing, circumferential number tapes shall be used. The A alphabet shall
be placed on the top of the pipe and the remaining alphabet located clockwise (or
counterclockwise) around the outside of the pipe. A minimum number of alphabet
markers shall be used to provide evidence that the required coverage has been obtained.
6.3.2 For double wall viewing, at least one location marker shall be placed on the outside
surface adjacent to the weld for each exposure.
6.4 Lead alphabet markers for steel structure welds shall be located as follows
6.4.1 The A alphabet shall be placed from the left edge of the weld and the remaining alphabet
located respectively. A minimum number of alphabet markers shall be used to provide
evidence that the required coverage has been obtained.
6.5 Permanently mark each film with the following information:
6.5.1 Project Number and module number
6.5.2 Weld map or NDE map or Item Identification.
6.5.3 Weld number
6.5.4 Film interval numbers or identification number
6.5.5 Reshoot (RS), repair shot (R1, R2..), reconfirm shot (RC).
6.5.6 Manufacture's name or symbol (Lead letters).
6.5.7 Welder or welding operators’ identification.
6.5.8 Date of the radiograph.
6.5.9 Material thickness/Diameter of pipe/Tubular
6.5.10 Qualitech Company logo (Lead letters).
6.5.11 IQI(s)

7.0 GEOMETRICAL UNSHARPNESS

7.1 The following geometrical unsharpness values shall be used as a guide for determining the
minimum source to weld or object distance (D).
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Material Penetrated Thickness, inch Ug Maximum, inch

(mm) (mm.)
Under 2" (50) 0.02" (0.5)
2" through 3" (50.8-75) 0.03" (0.75)
Over 3" through 4" (75-100) 0.04" (1)

7.2 Geometric unsharpness of the radiograph shall be determined in accordance with

Ug = Ft/D
where
Ug = geometric unsharpness, inch
F = source size, inch
D = distance from source of radiation to weld or object being radiographed, inch
d = distance from source side of weld or object being radiographed to the film (inch)
7.3 The unsharpness formula is included for information and guidance and will operate within
practical limits. Final acceptance of radiographs should be based on the ability to see the
penetrameter image.

8.0 EVALUATION OF RADIOGRAPHIC QUALITY

8.1 All of radiographs shall be evaluate quality by the image of a properly located penetrameter and
the following film quality requirements:
a) The images of the identifying numbers, the wires of the penetrameter which determine IQI
sensitivity, shall be correctly shown on the radiograph.
b) The film density through the image of the penetrameter and the area of interest for single film
viewing shall be 2.0 minimum. The maximum density shall be 4.0 for single or composite
viewing. For composite viewing of double film exposure, the minimum density shall be 2.6. A
density variation through the weld or adjacent area shall not be more than minus 15% or plus
30% from the density adjacent to the designated wire of penetrameter.
c) Each penetrameter shall represent an area of essentially uniform radiographic density as
judged by a density comparison strip or densitometer. If the film density through the area of
interest varies by more than specified in 8.1.b) an additional penetrameter is required for that
area. All radiographs shall be free from mechanical, chemical or other processing defects
that could interfere with proper interpretation of the radiograph.
d) The image quality indicator (IQI) sensitivity shall be calculated based on penetrated thickness
and shall display the designated wire penetrameter conforming to the requirements of AWS
Table 6.5 and 6.6

9.0 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA

The acceptance criteria shall be as per Para graph 8.12 of AWS D1.1
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10.0 DOCUMENTATION
10.1 The evaluation results shall be recorded in the report as shown in Attachment I of this procedure.
Reports shall be interpreted and signed by NDT personnel certified to at least a Level II.
10.2 Record the radiographs with their results, on a “Radiographic Test Report”
10.2.1 Record the spot radiography and 100% radiography on separate report forms.
10.2.2 List reconfirm separately in sequence and mark them RC1, RC2, etc.
10.2.3 List repairs separately in sequence and mark them R1, R2, etc.
10.2.4 List reshoots, taken for reasons other than either of the above, separately from the
original film and mark then RS.
10.2.5 When inaccessibility or other limitations prevent the location of markers as stipulated in
Paragraph 6.3.1 or 6.3.2, a dimensioned sketch of the geometric arrangement including
marker locations shall be documented on sketch of "Radiography Examination” form.
10.3 The following radiographs need not be retained or recorded.
10.3.1 In-Process Radiographs taken for information only on an area of a joint not fully welded
regardless of whether or not they are used for making repairs.
10.3.2 Technique radiographs showing no rejectable indications taken to establish parameters
that produce radiographs that meet the film quality requirements of this procedure.
10.3.3 Radiographs showing no rejectable indications, but unacceptable from standpoint of
film quality requirements due to defective film, improper processing, physical damage,
or improper technique.
10.3.4 Radiographs that cannot be identified as to location such as parts or vessel number,
pipe number, joint number, film number.
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ATTACHMENT NO. A : RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING REPORT

RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING Report No. Page of

REPORT Our Ref. No.
Client : Test Date :
Project : Job No. :
Description : Drawing No. :
Part Name : Procedure No. / SSP No. :
Technique : SWSI DWSI DWDI Superimposed Degree : Spot Full
IQI Type : ASTM 1A 1B IQI Placement : Source Side Film Side
Film/Type : Agfa D7 Agfa D4 FUJI 100 FUJI 50 Film Processing : Manual Automatic
Intensifying Lead Screen : Thickness 0.027 mm Front/Back Film in each cassette : 1 film ______ films
Radiation Source : Ir 192 Se 75 X-Ray Density : Sensitivity :
Material : C/S S/S Strength : kV/mA/Curies Source Size : mm
Acceptance ASME VIII Div.1 ASME B31.3 AWS D1.1 ASME B31.1 ASME IX
Standard UW-51 UW-52 Normal Severe Cyclic Static Cyclic API 1104 ASME SEC I
Weld / NDE Map Joint Section Pipe/Plate Welder SOD EWF OFD Interpretation Comply to Code
No. Dia. Thk. No. ( Inch ) (mm) (mm) Yes No

Total Films : 3.5" x 8.5" = 3.5" x 17" = 4.5" x 8.5" = 4.5" x 17" =
BC : BASE METAL CRACK LP : LACK OF PENETRATION SL : SLAG LINES
BT : BURN THROUGH MM : MISALIGNMENT TC : TRANSVERSE CRACK
CC : CRATER CRACK NVD : NO VISIBLE DEFECT TI : TUNGSTEN INCLUSION
FS : FILM SCRATCHED OR : OXIDIZE ROOT UC : UNDERCUT (Cover Pass)
HB : HOLLOW BEAD PD : PROCESSING DEFECT RUC : UNDERCUT (Root Pass)
IN : INCLUSION PR : POROSITY WH : WORM HOLE
LC : LONGITUDINAL CRACK RC : ROOT CONCAVITY SOD : SOURCE TO OBJECT DISTANCE
LF : LACK OF FUSION SI : SLAG INCLUSION OFD : OBJECT TO FILM DISTANCE

Completed by Interpreted by Client Representative Classification Authority

Company Qualitech PLC.
Signature
Name
Date
FM-NDT-13 Qualitech Job No.:
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ATTACHMENT NO. B : SAFETY PROCEDURE

1) GENERAL :
The purpose of this procedure is to make employees fully aware of their responsibilities regarding
personal safety and the safe usage of radioactive sources and / or irradiating apparatus no set of rules
can guarantee safety at work co-operation and common sense are required as well, from all parties
concerned, if incidents and accidents. These safety procedures are based on the requirement of Thai
laws, and Client’s safety management system and regulation have been approved.
2) OPERATOR'S RESPONSIBILITY :
No person shall operate any irradiating apparatus or radioactive substance without the use and
knowledge of application of
2.1) A functional radiation survey meter.
2.2) A functional personal radiation monitor, a dosimeter and or film badge.
3) WORKING RULES :
3.1) Handling and usage of radiographic equipment shall also comply with Client’s safety rule and
regulations.
- Before proceeding to the job site, the radiographer has to ensure that radiographic testing
team has radiation monitoring as below (at least)
1 unit/team - functional radiation (monitor) survey meter for storage and handling source
1 unit/team – audible alarm
1 set/person – film badge
2 set/team – flashlight
2 set/team – radiation warning sign
Sufficient Barrier (Bunting) tape to cordon off the area.
Any abnormalities or irregularities in the operation of the equipment should immediately be
reported to management for corrective action and maintenance.
- During the transport of gamma radiography equipment, the source container is to be
secured to the vehicle to prevent any accidental shift under conditions normally expected
during transport, and located in or on the vehicle so that the radiation dose received by any
person traveling in the vehicle is minimized and within safe limits. Only radiation workers are
permitted in the vehicle and the dose rate to any persons shall be verified to be less than 20
uSv (micro Seivert) per hour by measurement before commencing the journey, at appropriate
times during the journey and on arrival at destination.
3.2) Working rule for an open site (Field) shell be comply with safety work permit of client safety system
a) On first arriving at the site, the operator shall:
- advise the person responsible for the area in which the radiography site will be set up of
the intended operations and the estimated amount of time required to complete the work,
and
- ascertain the nature, duration and location of all other work to be performed in the vicinity
of the sit and the possible points of entry to the site.
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b) Before commencing exposures, a well-defined and clearly visible boundary shall be

erected around the site, including above and below as necessary, such that the does rate
at the boundary shall not exceed 25 uGy/hr during exposures. This shall be checked
periodically by the operator by means of a survey meter. The boundary shall be marked
with radiation warning signs. Warning lights shall be used to indicate that an exposure is
under way. The area within the boundary shall be kept under surveillance at all times
during exposures to ensure that no person enters it or remains within it. Unnecessary
occupation of areas near the boundary should be avoided.
c) The boundaries of adjacent exposure sites should not overlap. If an overlap is
unavoidable, close liaison shall be maintained between operators responsible for the
overlapping sites to avoid accidental exposure.
d) The operator shall, according to appropriate advice prepared by the Engineer, ensure that
dose rates in occupied areas are such that no member of the public will receive a dose
exceeding 1 mSv per year from radiography performed within the site.
e) A second person, who is capable of promptly taking charge in an emergency, shall be
immediately available to assist during industrial radiographic exposures. The second
person, the assistant industrial radiographer, must be a radiation worker. This person must
be thoroughly familiar with the equipment and it use, the approved working rules and
emergency procedures appropriate to work and the relevant requirements.
f) At all times, collimators shall be used to restrict the area of primary radiation beam to the
minimum necessary for radiography. Radiography equipment and the item to be
radiographed shall be set up so that each of components, particularly the the source, are
stable and therefore will not move during the exposure.
g) Before commencing an exposure the operator shall ensure by inspection the all
unauthorized persons are outside the boundary and that the assistant operators are in an
area where the dose rate is as low as, or lower than, where he or she is.
h) Just prior to commencing an exposure, a signal shall be given to warn persons within a
reasonable distance that an exposure is about to take place.
i) A personal radiation monitoring device and a personal dosimeter shall be worn by the
operator and assistant operators at all times during industrial radiography operations.
j) The operator shall continually check the radiation level at his or her location during
exposure using a survey meter.
k) The operator alone shall exercise control over:
- The radiation source during exposure; and
- The occupancy of the site during the period of exposure of the source by continuous
and competent supervision of the site.
l) Care shall be taken at all times to ensure that unauthorized persons cannot operate the
equipment.
m) Before a site is vacated. The operator shall ensure, by monitoring, that all radiation source
are locked in the fully shielded condition or switched off, as appropriate, and returned to the
source container store or to the transport vehicle and that all boundary-defining equipment
has been removed. The operator shall inform the person responsible for the area when this
has been carried out.
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ATTACHMENT NO.C : ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA

AWS D1.1
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ATTACHMENT NO. C : ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA (Contd..)

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ATTACHMENT NO. C : ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA (Contd..)

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ATTACHMENT NO. C : ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA (Contd..)

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ATTACHMENT NO. C : ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA (Contd..)

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ATTACHMENT NO. C : ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA (Contd..)

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ATTACHMENT NO. C : ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA (Contd..)

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ATTACHMENT NO. C : ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA (Contd..)

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ATTACHMENT NO. C : ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA (Contd..)

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ATTACHMENT NO. C : ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA (Contd..)

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ATTACHMENT NO. C : ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA (Contd..)

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ATTACHMENT NO. C : ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA (Contd..)

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ATTACHMENT NO. C : ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA (Contd..)

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ATTACHMENT NO. C : ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA (Contd..)