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PROCEDURE

FOR

LIQUID PENETRANT TESTING FOR PRESSURE VESSEL, BOILER AND PIPING


(VISIBLE‐SOLVENT REMOVABLE TECHNIQUE)

This is to certify that this procedure has been demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Authorized
inspector as per the requirements of ASME Code Section V, Article 1, and Paragraph T‐150(a).

Technique sheet demonstrated: SST‐PT‐01 and SST‐PT‐02

Certified by:

……………..…………………………. ………………………………………….
QA/QC Manager Authorized Inspector

D ocu m ent No : E xWI ‐N DT‐ 22110 P ag e : 1 of 17 R e vise No: 00 Issue Date : June 1, 2022

Prepared By Reviewed and Approved By

Signature

Name Mr. Wichan Chunta Mr. Sorrawut Sarncharoen


Position NDE Level III NDE Level III
Sign Date June 1, 2022 June 1, 2022

Copy
Assigned to client Total Page
No.
17

Correction History

00 June 1, 2022 First issue for ASME 2021 Edition

Revise No. Revise Date Description


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 SCOPE 3‐3


2.0 PERSONNEL 3‐3
3.0 REFERENCE 3‐3
4.0 CONSUMABLE MATERIAL 3‐4
5.0 PROCEDURE 4‐5
6.0 INTERPRETATION 5‐5
7.0 EVALUATION 6‐6
8.0 WRITTEN PROCEDURE REQUIREMENTS 6‐7
9.0 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA 7‐7
10.0 REPAIRS 7‐7
11.0 RE‐TESTING OF REPAIR AREAS 8‐8
12.0 POST CLEANING 8‐8
13.0 REPORT 8‐8
ATTACHMENT NO. I : Liquid Penetrant Testing Report 9‐9
ATTACHMENT NO. II : Specific Standard Technique Sheet 10‐13
ATTACHMENT NO. III : Acceptance Criteria 14‐17
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1.0 SCOPE

1.1 This liquid penetrant testing method as paragraph 1.3 shall be used for detecting
discontinuities, which are open to the surface of nonporous metal and other material.
The material shape(s) and size(s) to be examined refer to construction drawing.
1.2 This procedure is certified to meet the requirements of Article 6 of the ASME Section V
Code.
1.3 Testing method used in this procedure are Visible, solvent-removable penetration
testing method.

2.0 PERSONNEL

2.1 Personnel performing this testing shall be qualified in accordance with Qualitech
Written Practice, which is in accordance with the guidelines of the SNT-TC-1A or
equivalent.
2.2 Personal certified to at least a Level II, who meet the requirements of applicable code,
shall perform, evaluate and report the testing.

3.0 REFERENCE

3.1 ASNT Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A, 2006 & 2016 Edition.
3.2 ASME Section V, Article 6 “Nondestructive Examination, Liquid Penetrant Examination”
2021 Edition.
3.3 ASME SECTION I “Rule for Construction of Power Boilers” 2021 Edition.
3.4 ASME SECTION VIII Div.1 “Rule for Construction of Pressure Vessels” 2021 Edition.
3.5 ASME SECTION VIII Div.2 “Alternative Rule for Construction of Pressure Vessels” 2021
Edition.
3.6 ASME B31.3 “Process Piping” 2020 Edition.
3.7 Project Specification No. ES‐20.02

4.0 CONSUMABLE MATERIALS

4.1 Penetrant materials to be used with this procedure are as following: (Do not intermix
PT types)

Item Manufacture Trade Name Penetrant Developer Cleaner/Remover

1 Sherwin DUBL‐CHEK DP‐40 D‐100 DR‐60


Incorporated

2 MR‐Chemie GmbH Marker MR 311R MR 70I MR 85


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4.2 All liquid penetrant materials used on nickel base alloys, austenitic or duplex stainless
steels and titanium shall be obtaining a certification which include the penetrant
manufacturers’ batch numbers and test results obtained in accordance with
Mandatory Appendix II of ASME Section V Article 6 and shall be checked by personnel
performing this testing.
NOTE: All materials, including penetrants, solvents or cleaning agents, developers,
etc., shall be analyzed individually for residual total sulfur, chlorine and fluorine
content in accordance with Section V, Appendix II, II‐640. For nickel base alloys,
the residual total sulfur content shall not exceed 0.1 percent by weight (II‐641).
For austenitic stainless steels or duplex stainless steel and titanium, the total
halogens content shall not exceed 0.1 percent by weight (II‐642). Cleaning
solvents and agents purchased with known chemical composition do not
require analysis.
4.3 Light meter shall be calibrated at least once a year or whenever a meter shall have
been repaired. If meters have not been in use for one year or more, calibration shall be
done before being used.

5.0 PROCEDURE

5.1 Prepare, clean and dry the surface to be examined and all adjacent areas within 25
mm.
5.1.1 Remove surface materials such as dirt, rust, scale, weld flux, spatter, paint,
grease, oily films, water, or other matter that could obstruct the entrance of
the penetrant into a discontinuity. As-welded, as-rolled, or as-forged condition
are generally satisfactory, but surface preparation by grinding or brushing shall
be necessary where surface irregularities could interfere with the final testing
results.
5.1.2 When brushing austenitic or nickel base alloys, stainless wire brush shall be
used.
5.2 Wet surfaces shall be dried 1 minutes as minimum before examined by normal
evaporation to ensure that no trace of cleaning agent remains on the surface.
5.3 The temperature of the surface to be examined, the penetrant, the remover and the
developer shall be between 10°C and 50°C throughout the testing. Local heating or
cooling is permitted provided temperatures remain in the range of 10‐50°C.
5.4 Apply penetrant by brushing or spraying. The penetration time shall be as a minimum
10 minutes and maximum 15 minutes for weld discontinuities and manufacturing
process discontinuities.
5.5 After the penetration time has elapsed, any penetrant remaining on the surface shall
be removed, take care to minimize removal of penetrant from discontinuities.
5.5.1 Solvent Removable Penetrants. Excess solvent removable penetrants shall be
removed by wiping with a clean, dry, lint‐free cloth or absorbent paper,
repeating the operation until most traces of penetrant have been removed.
The remaining traces shall be removed by wiping the surface with cloth or
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absorbent paper, lightly moistened with solvent. To minimize removal of


penetrant from discontinuities, care shall be taken to avoid the use of excess
solvent.
WARNING: Flushing the surface with solvent, following the application of the
penetrant and prior to developing, is prohibited.
5.6 Surface shall be dry after excess penetrant removal.
5.6.1 For solvent‐removable penetrant, normal evaporation, wiping, or forced air
shall dry the surface. The maximum time is 5 minutes before applying
developer.
5.7 The developer shall be applied as soon as possible after penetrant removal. Insufficient
coating thickness may not draw the penetrant out of discontinuities; conversely,
excessive coating thickness may mask indications. The maximum time is 5 minutes.
5.8 Prior to applying suspension type wet developer to the surface, the developer shall be
thoroughly agitated to ensure adequate dispersion of suspended particles.
Nonaqueous developer shall be applied only to a dry surface. It shall be applied by
spraying. Drying shall be by normal evaporation.
5.9 Developing time for final interpretation begins immediately after the application of a
dry developer or as soon as a wet developer coating is dry. Light intensity shall be
check before final interpretation and minimum light intensity on the surface to be
examined shall be 100 fc (1,076 lx).

6.0 INTERPRETATION

6.1 Final Interpretation shall be made not less than 10 min nor more than 30 min after the
requirements of 5.9 are satisfied. If bleed‐out does not alter the testing results, longer
periods are permitted. If the surface to be examined is large enough to preclude
complete testing within the prescribed or established time, the testing shall be
performed in increments
6.2 Characterizing Indication(s). The types of discontinuities are difficult to evaluate if the
penetrant diffuses excessively into the developer. If this condition occurs, close
observation of the formation of indication(s) during application of the developer may
assist in characterizing and application of the developer may assist in characterizing
and determining the extent of the indication(s).
6.3 Color Contrast Penetrants. With a color contrast penetrant, the developer forms a
reasonably uniform white coating. Surface discontinuities are indicated by bleed‐out of
the penetrant which is normally a deep red color that stains the developer. Indications
with a light pink color may indicate excessive cleaning. Inadequate cleaning may leave
an excessive background making interpretation difficult. Illumination (natural or
supplemental white light) of the examination surface is required for the evaluation of
indications. The minimum light intensity shall be 100 fc (1,076 lx). The light intensity,
natural or supplemental white light source, shall be measured with a white light meter
prior to the evaluation of indications or a verified light source shall be used.
Verification of light sources is required to be demonstrated only one time,
documented, and maintained on file.
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7.0 EVALUATION

7.1 All relevant indications shall be evaluated in terms of the acceptance standards as
specified in paragraph 9.0.
7.2 Discontinuities at the surface will be indicated by bleed‐out of penetrant; however,
localized surface irregularities due to machining marks or other surface conditions may
produce false indications.

8.0 WRITTEN PROCEDURE REQUIREMENTS

This procedure contains the requirements listed in Table T‐621.1 and T‐621.3 of ASME
Section V as shown in the next page of the procedure and Attachment No. II.

Minimum and maximum times shall be limited on various steps listed in Table T‐621.3
below.
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9.0 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA

The acceptance criteria shall be as per applicable design Codes.

10.0 REPAIRS

10.1 Unacceptable imperfections shall be repaired, and reexamination made to assure


removal or reduction to an acceptable size. Whenever an imperfection is repaired by
chipping or grinding and subsequent repair by welding is not required, the excavated
area shall be blended into the surrounding surface so as to avoid sharp notches,
crevices, or corner. Where welding is required after repair of an imperfection, the area
shall be cleaned, and welding performed in accordance with qualified welding
procedure.
(a) Treatment of indications believed nonrelevant. Any indication which is believed to
be nonrelevant shall be regarded as an imperfection unless it is shown by
reexamination by the same method or by the use of other nondestructive method
and/or by surface conditioning that no unacceptable imperfection present.
(b) Examination of areas from which defects have been removed. After a defect is
thought to have removed and prior to making weld repairs, the area shall be
examined by suitable methods to ensure it has been removed or reduced to an
acceptably sized imperfection.
(c) Reexamination of repair areas. After repairs have been made, the repaired area
shall be blended into the surrounding surface as so to avoid sharp notches,
crevices, or corners and reexamined by the liquid penetrant method and by all
others of examination that were originally required for the affected area, except
that, when the depth of repair is less than the radiographic sensitivity required,
radiography may be omitted.
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11.0 RE-TESTING OF REPAIR AREAS

Repaired areas shall be re-examined by the liquid penetrant testing.

12.0 POST CLEANING

After testing, surface shall be cleaned to remove penetrant and developer by solvent or
clean rags.

13.0 REPORT

13.1 Nonrejectable Indications. Nonrejectable Indications shall be recorded as specified by


the construction code.
13.2 Rejectable Indications. Rejectable Indications shall be recorded. The following data, as
a minimum, shall record in the report as shown in Attachment I of this procedure.
(a) The type of Indications (linear or rounded)
(b) Location and extension (length or diameter or aligned)
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ATTACHMENT NO. I: Liquid Penetrant Testing Report

LIQUID PENETRANT TESTING Report No. : Page of


REPORT Our Ref. No. :
Client : Test Date :
Project No. : Job No. :
Description : Material :
Acceptance Standard : Procedure No. / SSP No. :
Prepared Edge Before / After PWHT Back Chipping
Stage of Examination
As weld Before / After Hydro Test Other
Surface Preparation Grinding Brushing Other
Visible Water - Washable Visible Solvent - Removable
Technique
Fluorescent Water - Washable Fluorescent Solvent - Removable
Type Sunlight Artificial light Black Light (Spectroline SB100)
Lighting Level Actual light intensity ____ Lux at surface Verification Date :
Light meter Brand : Model : Serial No. :
Manufacturer Sherwin Incorporated / Dual-Check Magnaflux / Spot Check MR-Chemie GmbH
Consumables

Penetrant DP-40 SKL-SP2 MR 311R Spraying Brushing Dwell Time : min.


Cleaner DR-60 SKC-S MR 85
Developer D-100 SKD-S2 MR 70 ( Apply by spraying ) Developing Time : min.
Min. drying periods before applying penetrant and max. drying periods before applying developer Min. min. Max. min
SKETCH :

No. Mark No. Joint No. Thk. (mm.) Size / Dia. ( mm.) Observation Result

Remark : NSDD : No Surface Discontinuity Detected, C : Complies, DNC : Does Not Complies
Completed by Performed by Certified by Accepted by Owner Representative/AI
Company
Signature
Name/Level
Date
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ATTACHMENT NO. II: Specific Standard Technique Sheet

SPECIFIC STANDARD TECHNIQUE SHEET No.: SST‐PT‐01


DESCRIPTION: VISIBLE SOLVENT REMOVABLE
Non
Essential
No. Topic Description Essential
Variable
Variable
Testing for welds and parent metal of pressure vessel and piping made from
1 Scope nonporous material and use to substitute only on locations where magnetic
particle testing is not possible
Detection of any surface discontinuity on welds and surface of pressure vessel
2 Extend of application Yes
and piping.
I) ASNT PT Level II Yes
3 Personnel
ii) Performance demonstration shall be done when require. Yes
4 Material Non‐porous material Yes
5 Inspection Method ASME Section V Article 6
6 Technique Visible – Solvent Removable
Penetrant Sherwin Dubl‐Chek DP‐40
7 Consumable Cleaner Sherwin Dubl‐Chek DR‐60 Yes
Developer Sherwin Dubl‐Chek D‐100
The surface to be examined and all adjacent areas shall be dry, clean and free
8 Surface Preparation from scale, rust, flux, spatter, grease, oil, paint or any other matter that will Yes
interfere with proper inspection.
9 Testing Temperature Surface temperature shall be within 10°C to 50°C Yes
I) Pre‐inspection cleaning ‐ cleaning by wire brushes or mechanical buff
Yes
followed by cloth and solvent (DR‐60). Minimum drying time is 1 minute
II) Penetrant application by brushing or spraying Yes
III) Penetrant time between 10‐15 minutes Yes
IV) Removal of excess penetrant ‐ to be removed by wiping with a clean, dry,
absorbent lint free cloth and finally with cloth dampened with solvent to Yes
remove all traces of excess penetrant (no direct spray removal allowed)
10 Sequence of operation
V) Surface drying ‐ the test surface will be allowed to dry by normal
evaporation at ambient temperature. To prevent evaporation of the
Yes
penetrant from flaws, excessive drying time or article temperature shall
be avoided. Normally surface drying time is not exceed 5 minutes
IV) Developing ‐ a thin and uniform layer of developer shall be applied by
spraying within a period not more than 5 minutes after remove penetrant.
Yes
Avoid thick coatings and pools of wet developer which may mask
indications by spray developer 3 layer at 12" of tested surface.
The surface shall be observed closely as the developer is applied to monitor
the behavior of the indication. Final interpretation shall be made after
Examination and
11 penetrant bleed out time 10 ‐ 30 minutes. If the background condition is such Yes
interpretation
that the interpretation is impaired then the area tested shall be completely
retested.
Illumination, daylight or artificial light, shall be even and intensity does not
12 Illumination Yes
less than 1,076 lux at surface
I) ASME Section I A‐270, 2021 Edition
II) ASME Section VIII Division 1 Appendix 8, 2021 Edition
Acceptance Criteria (As
13 III) ASME B31.1 Chapter VI 136.4.4, 2020 Edition
applicable)
IV) ASME Section VIII Division 2 Par.7.5.7, 2021 Edition
V) ASME B31.3 Paragraph 344.4.2, 2020 Edition
Client Specification is applicable for requirements not covered by the above
14 General reference
items
The treated surface will be cleaned after testing if the client consider that the
15 Post cleaning Yes
presence of the residual testing media is objectionable by using cloth
A written report will be submitted containing all relevant information for
16 Reporting
proper documentation.
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SPECIFIC STANDARD TECHNIQUE SHEET No.: SST‐PT‐01


DESCRIPTION: VISIBLE SOLVENT REMOVABLE
ASME SECTION V 2021 EDITION
TABLE T – 621.1
REQUIREMENT OF A LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION PROCEDURE
Essential Non‐essential Reference to
Requirement
Variable Variable SST PT‐01 ExWI‐NDT‐22110
Identification of and any change in type or
family group of penetrant Materials X … SST PT‐01 No.7 Paragraph 4.1
including developers, emulsifiers, etc.
Surface preparation (finishing and cleaning,
X … SST PT‐01 No.10 (I) Paragraph 5.1
including type of cleaning solvent)
Method of applying penetrant X … SST PT‐01 No.10 (II) Paragraph 5.4
Method of removing excess surface
X … SST PT‐01 No.10 (IV) Paragraph 5.5
penetrant
Hydrophilic or lipophilic emulsifier
concentration and dwell time in dip tanks
X … N/A N/A
and agitation time for hydrophilic
emulsifiers
Hydrophilic emulsifier concentration in
X … N/A N/A
spray applications
Method of applying developer X … SST PT‐01 No.10 (VI) Paragraph 5.8
Minimum and maximum time periods
X … SST PT‐01 No.10 (I,V) Paragraph 5.6, 5.8
between steps and drying aids
Decrease in penetrant dwell time X … SST PT‐01 No. 10 (III) N/A
Increase in developer dwell time
X … SST PT‐01 No. 11 N/A
(Interpretation Time)
Minimum light intensity X … SST PT‐01 No. 12 Paragraph 6.3
Surface temperature outside 40° to 125°F
X … SST PT‐01 No. 9 N/A
(5° to 52°C) or as previously qualified

Performance demonstration when required X … SST PT‐01 No. 3 (II) First Page

Personnel qualification requirements … X SST PT‐01 No.3 (I) Paragraph 2.0

Materials, shapes, or sizes to be examined


… X SST PT‐01 No.2,4 Paragraph 1.0
and the extent of examination

Post‐examination cleaning technique … X SST PT‐01 No.15 Paragraph 12.0


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SPECIFIC STANDARD TECHNIQUE SHEET No.: SST‐PT‐02


DESCRIPTION : VISIBLE SOLVENT REMOVABLE
Non
Essential
No. Topic Description Essential
Variable
Variable
Testing for welds and parent metal of pressure vessel and piping made from
1 Scope nonporous material and use to substitute only on locations where magnetic
particle testing is not possible
Detection of any surface discontinuity on welds and surface of pressure vessel
2 Extend of application Yes
and piping.
I) ASNT PT Level II Yes
3 Personnel
ii) Performance demonstration shall be done when require. Yes
4 Material Non‐porous material Yes
5 Inspection Method ASME Section V Article 6
6 Technique Visible – Solvent Removable
Penetrant MR‐Chemie GmbH MR 311R
7 Consumable Cleaner MR‐Chemie GmbH MR 85 Yes
Developer MR‐Chemie GmbH MR 70
The surface to be examined and all adjacent areas shall be dry, clean and free
8 Surface Preparation from scale, rust, flux, spatter, grease, oil, paint or any other matter that will Yes
interfere with proper inspection.
9 Testing Temperature Surface temperature shall be within 10°C to 50°C Yes
I) Pre‐inspection cleaning ‐ cleaning by wire brushes or mechanical buff
Yes
followed by cloth and solvent (MR‐85). Minimum drying time is 1 minute
II) Penetrant application by brushing or spraying Yes
III) Penetrant time between 10‐15 minutes Yes
IV) Removal of excess penetrant ‐ to be removed by wiping with a clean, dry,
absorbent lint free cloth and finally with cloth dampened with solvent to Yes
remove all traces of excess penetrant (no direct spray removal allowed)
10 Sequence of operation
V) Surface drying ‐ the test surface will be allowed to dry by normal
evaporation at ambient temperature. To prevent evaporation of the
Yes
penetrant from flaws, excessive drying time or article temperature shall
be avoided. Normally surface drying time is not exceed 5 minutes
IV) Developing ‐ a thin and uniform layer of developer shall be applied by
spraying within a period not more than 5 minutes after remove penetrant.
Yes
Avoid thick coatings and pools of wet developer which may mask
indications by spray developer 3 layer at 12" of tested surface.
The surface shall be observed closely as the developer is applied to monitor
the behavior of the indication. Final interpretation shall be made after
Examination and
11 penetrant bleed out time 10 ‐ 30 minutes. If the background condition is such Yes
interpretation
that the interpretation is impaired then the area tested shall be completely
retested.
Illumination, daylight or artificial light, shall be even and intensity does not
12 Illumination Yes
less than 1,076 lux at surface
I) ASME Section I A‐270, 2021 Edition
II) ASME Section VIII Division 1 Appendix 8, 2021 Edition
Acceptance Criteria (As
13 III) ASME Section VIII Division 2 Par.7.5.7, 2021 Edition
applicable)
IV) ASME B31.1 Chapter VI 136.4.4, 2020 Edition
V) ASME B31.3 Paragraph 344.4.2, 2020 Edition
Client Specification is applicable for requirements not covered by the above
14 General reference
items
The treated surface will be cleaned after testing if the client consider that the
15 Post cleaning Yes
presence of the residual testing media is objectionable by using cloth
A written report will be submitted containing all relevant information for
16 Reporting
proper documentation.
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SPECIFIC STANDARD TECHNIQUE SHEET No.: SST‐PT‐02


DESCRIPTION: VISIBLE SOLVENT REMOVABLE
ASME SECTION V 2021 EDITION
TABLE T – 621.1
REQUIREMENT OF A LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION PROCEDURE
Essential Non‐essential Reference to
Requirement
Variable Variable SST PT‐02 ExWI‐NDT‐22110
Identification of and any change in type or
family group of penetrant Materials X … SST PT‐02 No.7 Paragraph 4.1
including developers, emulsifiers, etc.
Surface preparation (finishing and cleaning,
X … SST PT‐02 No.10 (I) Paragraph 5.1
including type of cleaning solvent)
Method of applying penetrant X … SST PT‐02 No.10 (II) Paragraph 5.4
Method of removing excess surface
X … SST PT‐02 No.10 (IV) Paragraph 5.5
penetrant
Hydrophilic or lipophilic emulsifier
concentration and dwell time in dip tanks
X … N/A N/A
and agitation time for hydrophilic
emulsifiers
Hydrophilic emulsifier concentration in
X … N/A N/A
spray applications
Method of applying developer X … SST PT‐02 No.10 (VI) Paragraph 5.8
Minimum and maximum time periods
X … SST PT‐02 No.10 (I,V) Paragraph 5.6, 5.8
between steps and drying aids
Decrease in penetrant dwell time X … SST PT‐02 No. 10 (III) N/A
Increase in developer dwell time
X … SST PT‐02 No. 11 N/A
(Interpretation Time)
Minimum light intensity X … SST PT‐02 No. 12 Paragraph 6.3
Surface temperature outside 40° to 125°F
X … SST PT‐02 No. 9 N/A
(5° to 52°C) or as previously qualified

Performance demonstration when required X … SST PT‐02 No.3 (II) First Page

Personnel qualification requirements … X SST PT‐02 No.3 (I) Paragraph 2.0

Materials, shapes, or sizes to be examined


… X SST PT‐02 No. 2,4 Paragraph 1.0
and the extent of examination

Post‐examination cleaning technique … X SST PT‐02 No. 15 Paragraph 12.0


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ATTACHMENT NO. III: ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA


ASME SECTION VIII Div.1, 2021 Edition
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ASME SECTION VIII Div.2, 2021 Edition


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ASME SECTION I, 2021 Edition


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ASME SECTION B31.3, 2020 Edition

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