DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

DJJ3053: ENGINEERING MECHANICS

LABORATORY

TITLE:
EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCE
(LAB REPORT 1)

PREPARED FOR:
CHEN WONG KEONG

PREPARED BY:
NAME MATRIX NO.
JOHN LEE ANAK NGULAN 20DKM18F2033
MOHD SAIFUL BIN SAFARI 20DKM18F2035
WONG CHUNG SIONG 20DKM18F2036
MOHD ASYRAAF MOHD ALI 20DKM18F2037
JURIM ANAK KUYAN 20DKM18F2038

SESSION: DECEMBER 2019

OBJECTIVE
1. To understand the conditions for equilibrium.
2. To understand free body diagram and show all forces
3. To understand the coplanar force system

THEORY
The condition for particle equibrium is based upon a balance of force. Newton’s first law of
motion states that ‘if the resultant force acting on a particle is zero, then the particle is in
equilibrium ‘. Hence, equilibrium requires that a particle either be at rest or has constant
velocity. The particle equilibrium may be stated as :

is the vector sum of all the forces acting on particle. To accomplish the particle
equilibrium, the free-body diagram of a particle should be drawn. The free-body diagram is a
drawing which shows all the forces that act on the particle.

Three steps are necessary to consstruct a free-body diagram.

Step 1 :
The considered particle is isolated from its surroundings by sketching an outlined shape of the
particle.

Step 2 :
Indicate the type of force and its direction of all forces that act on the particle. These forces
will either be active forces, which tend to set the particles in motion, e.g., weight or reactive
forces.

Step 3 :
The forces that are known should be labelled with proper magnitude and direction. All forces
can each be resolved into their respective i and j components an can be written as :
For this vector equation to be satisfied, the x and y components much each be equal to zero,
i.e.:

Consider equation of eqilibrium in the Figure 2. All forces acting on point A must be resolved
into i and j components shown in Figure 3.
APPARATUS

PROCEDURES
1. The ST 100.40 Equilibrium of Forces were set up as shown in Figure 5 above and the
symbols on six lines of tensions are labelled. The vertical distance were recorded from
the base of both load hanger and vertical effort.
2. A4 graph paper are sticked on to the force board. Step 2 are repeated when system is in
equilibrium.
3. The weights were set on bangers with W1, W2, W3, W5 and W6 as required to archieve
equilibrium and the cord ring are inside the graph paper. The result are recorded.
4. The cord does not touch the graph paper. The provided device are used (a short angle) to
lay on the graph paper and just touch the cord. Then the line of force were draw on the
graph paper.
5. All the weights are recorded.
6. Steps 3 to 5 are repeated with different weights.
7. Steps 1 to 5 are repeated with pulley at different positions.
RESULTS

DISCUSSION
i. Compare the results for each weight.
ii. The total value of Fx and Fy.

Answer

CONCLUSION
In conclussion, equilibrium is the state of an object in wich all the forces acting upon it are
balanced. In such case, the net force is 0 newton. Knowing the forces acting upon an object,
trigonometric function can be utilized to determine the horinzontal and vertical component of
each force. If at equilibrrum, then all the vertical component must balance and all the
horizontal components must balance.

REFERENCES
 EM Lab Apps
 EM reference book
 Internet
 Lecturer