Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION III – CENTRAL LUZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CITY OF SAN FERNANDO
PAMPANGA HIGH SCHOOL
BRGY. LOURDES, CITY OF SAN FERNANDO,
PAMPANGA

“The influence of student's perception in the class schedule of technical-vocational

livelihood in Pampanga high schools.”

Ariane Gee G. Sobia

Cassandra Tupas
Railyn Tiamzon
Genibeve Serrano
John Gabrielle Umali

A Research Presented to the Senior High School Department, Pampanga High School,
City of San Fernando Pampanga

In Partial fulfillment of the Requirements in Practical Research 2

Irene Lourdes D. Bernarte
Research Teacher

CHAPTER 1
 Introduction

Background of the study

Technical-vocational livelihood training performs an essential role in equipping

immoderate college students with sensible capabilities and getting them equipped for
future careers. In the province of Pampanga, Philippines, technical-vocational purposes
have received vast prominence inside the high faculty curriculum. These programs
purpose to provide students with hands-on schooling and information in greater than a
few vocational fields, enabling them to increase advantages that are at once applicable to
the workforce. One vital issue that substantially affects students' getting to be aware of
experiences is the class schedule. The commercial enterprise business enterprise and
shape of kind schedules can substantially have an impact on students' engagement,
performance, and time-honored understanding of their academic journey. A
well-designed time desk ensures that students have got admission to a diverse range of
technical-vocational programs, allowing them to discover their pastimes and extend
information in particular areas. However, it is fundamental to recognize that students'
perceptions of their category schedules can vary, and these perceptions can have a
profound effect on their getting to recognize consequences and satisfaction.
Understanding students' attitudes, preferences, and opinions involving their classification
schedules is essential for designing student-centered methods to scheduling in
technical-vocational livelihood education. According to (Soriao, 2019) time is essential to
the assessment of the skills of students in a specific learning area, with an adequate class
schedule to equally distribute proper knowledge lent by the curriculum. According to
(Benjik, 2018) the performance of the students were lowered and their grades went low
and can't reach the satisfactory mark. The sudden change of their schedule maximized the
focus of learning and helped the grades of the students to improve higher than the
satisfactory, with longer time used in the schedule, students tend to learn more and
brought enthusiasm to participate in class activities which reflects on their report card.
Students often have personal commitments outside of the classroom, such as work or
family responsibilities. If the class schedule is rigid and does not allow for flexibility, it
can create challenges for students in managing their time and balancing their various
obligations. The study investigates students' perceptions of class schedules in Pampanga
High Schools' Technical-Vocational livelihood programs, aiming to understand factors
like timing, duration, sequencing, and organization. The researchers aim to identify areas
for improvement to improve learning outcomes and student satisfaction in the program.
(1)To determine what factors can influence the level of perception of students in the class
schedule of technical-vocational livelihood; (2)To find out the time preference in class
schedule of Technical-Vocational Livelihood and; (3)To determine the class schedule of
Technical-Vocational Livelihood students imposes an impact on their perception. The
contribution of this study can provide insight into how class schedule impacts students'
experiences in technical-vocational programs. It may lead to improvements in scheduling
practices that enhance student engagement and learning outcomes.

Statement of the Problem

This proposed study aims to know the influence of student’s perception in the class
schedule of technical-vocational livelihood.

Specifically this study will answer the following:

1. What factors can influence the level of perception of students in the class schedule
of technical-vocational livelihood?

2. What is the time preference in the class schedule of technical-vocational livelihood

students?
 3. How the class schedule of technical-vocational livelihood students imposes an
impact on their perception?

Research Hypothesis

Ha: There is a significant impact between the perception of students in the class
schedule of technical-vocational livelihood programs.

Significance of the Study

The present study had significance for future practice, the result of this study could be
used by several groups of the department of education and teachers.

STUDENTS.
It is crucial that they understand how to deal with the circumstance in which their
timetable deviates from the school's and how to resolve issues related to the class
schedule each time they arise.

TEACHERS.
This can help identify any issues students may face regarding the timing, duration, or
sequencing of their classes. By addressing these concerns, students can have a more
positive and accommodating learning experience.
PARENTS.
This study will provide parents encouragement and can positively influence students'
attitudes towards their class schedule. By understanding parents' perceptions, researchers
can identify potential areas where parents can provide support and guidance to enhance
students' engagement and success in technical-vocational livelihood programs.

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS.
This study can inform educational institutions about the importance of incorporating
student perspectives when developing class schedules for TVL programs. This will
help to improve the plan implementation, meet student needs, and create a positive
and supportive learning environment.

FUTURE RESEARCHERS.
This study can help future researchers identify gaps in the existing literature regarding the
impact of class schedules on students' perceptions in technical-vocational livelihood
programs. It can highlight areas that require further investigation and exploration,
allowing researchers to build upon the existing knowledge and contribute to the field.

Scope and Delimitation

This study aims to determine the influence of students' perception in the class schedule
of Technical-Vocational Livelihood in Pampanga High School. The information needed is
gathered through the use of a questionnaire survey which is needed in the data collection
process and conclusions from this study are limited for selected Technical-Vocational
livelihood students in Pampanga High School year of 2022-2024. Also the ages of
respondents are from 17 to 19 and the gender is both female and male.

Definition of Terms

The following terms were defined conceptually and operationally to provide an

understanding of the concepts presented in the study.

Influence. A thread connecting many of these definitions together is an aim to influence

whoever is behind such activities. This has led some researchers to define such efforts as
“information influence activities” or “the targeting of opinion-formation in illegitimate,
though not necessarily illegal ways, by foreign actors or their proxies” (Pamment, 2018).

In the context of this study, "have an effect" refers to the influence or effect that students'
appreciation of the category time table has on their attitudes, behaviors, and effects
related to technical-vocational livelihood education.

Students' Perception. Student perceptions are thoughts, beliefs, and feelings about
persons, situations, and events. As the chapters in this book make clear, there are many
types of student perceptions that operate in classrooms (Meece, 2018).

In this study students' appreciation refers to the subjective understanding, interpretation,

and comparison of the classification time table in technical-vocational livelihood
education. It encompasses students' thoughts, beliefs, opinions, and attitudes closer to
various factors of the classification schedule, such as timing, duration, frequency, and
association of classes.
Class Schedule. Class Scheduling System is a software that improves these processes
that the system has features can provide a database for storing records and information. It
allows the end-user to add, edit, delete, save and update records or information if some
changes occur. It can generate reports for example class schedule, class list, instructors
list, hall list, department list and school year with different semesters (Abdullah, 2018)

In this study the category schedule refers to the predetermined association and
corporation of lessons within a technical-vocational livelihood schooling program. It
includes records about the timing, duration, frequency, and sequence of classes, as
properly as any breaks or transitions between classes.

Technical-Vocational Livelihood. The TVL Senior High School track is designed for
students who want to start working right after graduating from high school. These
professional courses provide students with the skills and knowledge they need to achieve
the certifications required for the job (Okwelle, 2022)

In this study technical-vocational livelihood refers to an educational approach that

focuses on providing students with practical skills, knowledge, and potential related to
unique trades, occupations, or industries. It aims to put together students for employment,
entrepreneurship, or further education in technical or vocational fields.

Perception. Perception is man’s primary form of cognitive contact with the world around
him. As all conceptual knowledge is based upon or derived from this primary form of
awareness, the study of perception has always had a unique significance for philosophy
and science (Efron, 2019)
In this study perception refers to the technique of deciphering and making sense of
sensory facts and experiences. In this study, appreciation especially relates to how college
students interpret and apprehend the category agenda in technical-vocational livelihood
education, consisting of their subjective impressions, beliefs, and evaluations.

Conceptual framework

CHAPTER 2 METHOD

Research Design

The research design that will be used in our study is descriptive. The influence of
students' perception in the class schedule of technical-vocational livelihood students in
Pampanga High School. According to (Siedlecki, 2020) Descriptive studies can have any
number of variables, including just a variable. The ability to have just a variable of
interest is a unique quality of descriptive design. Because this is not a hypothesis testing
design, there are no independent or dependent variables, rather just variables of interest.
It is important, when defining variables, that the operational definition (measurement) is
congruent with the conceptual definition for each variable. By using this design,
researchers can collect data through surveys, interviews, or observations to describe the
perceptions of students regarding their class scheduling. In this study, descriptive research
design can help in understanding how students perceive their class scheduling in the
Technical-Vocational Livelihood, including their satisfaction levels, preferences, and any
potential issues or challenges they may face. This research design is suitable for our study
because it aims to describe and understand the current state of affairs or phenomena. In
this case, the research is focused on exploring the perception of students regarding their
class scheduling in the technical-vocational livelihood and it provides a detailed and
comprehensive understanding of the students' perspectives and experiences in this
specific area.

Sampling/Respondents

Participants in this study are Technical-Vocational Livelihood Students in Pampanga

High School. They were selected via the stratified sampling method. According to
(Parsons, 2019) stratified sampling is a probability sampling method that is implemented
in sample surveys. The target population's elements are divided into distinct groups or
strata where within each stratum the elements are similar to each other with respect to
select characteristics of importance to the survey. Stratification is also used to increase
the efficiency of a sample design with respect to survey costs and estimator precision. In
this article, the foundations of stratified sampling are discussed in the framework of
simple random sampling. Topics include the forming of the strata and optimal sample
allocation among the strata. The stratified sampling method is the most suitable method
to be used in this study because it allows researchers to select participants based on
specific criteria relevant to the research objectives. This research design is suitable for
our study because it aims to describe and understand the current state of affairs or
phenomena. In this case, the research is focused on exploring the perception of students
regarding their class scheduling in the technical-vocational livelihood and it provides a
detailed and comprehensive understanding of the students' perspectives and experiences
in this specific area. By using stratified sampling, the researcher can divide the
population of TVL students into different strata based on relevant characteristics that may
influence their perception, such as gender, academic performance, or program
specialization. Our respondents are one hundred four (104) technical-vocational
livelihood students in Pampanga High School. In the year of 2022-2024 our respondents
will be 16 years old above, and all gender can participate in this study. We use the raosoft
instrument to our sample size decision.

Instrument

The interview guide that we are going to use in this study is a structured survey
questionnaire. According to (Cheung, 2021) structured questionnaire is the primary
measuring instrument in survey research. The use of structured questionnaires has a close
relationship with quantitative analysis. A structured questionnaire can contain both
open-ended and closed-ended questions. However, closed-ended questions are more
frequently used in survey research. In times when a structured questionnaire is
self-administered, detailed instructions on how to complete the questionnaire are usually
given to the respondents. Self-administered questionnaires without clear instructions may
result in poor quality of data. When the questionnaire is administered, interaction
between a respondent and an interviewer is largely scripted by the structured
questionnaire. Interviewers are not allowed to change the structure, wording, and order of
the questions, in order to reduce response bias. We will use closed-ended questions that
are formulated in our statement of the problem.

Data Gathering

The data gathering procedures began with the delivery of an official letter to Ma'am.
Lyn M. Esguerra, principal of Pampanga High School. Following that, a form of
instrument validation was given to Ma'am Irene Lourdes D. Bernarte, a research teacher
at the aforementioned institution, and finally to the participants of the aforementioned
study, grade 12 students. Following that, a scheduled Google meet with its link will be
assigned to the participants, taking into account their individual availability hours, after
the participants' confirmation was given back to the researchers. The discussion's
participants would ask whether it might be recorded so that it could be transcribed. The
participant's name would not be disclosed; instead, code names would be utilized.
Participants would be required to respond to a closed-ended question during the interview
meeting. All conversations with participants would be recorded if they consented to the
Zoom meeting being recorded by the researchers; otherwise, they should make sure to
record all comments from individuals who objected to the recording arrangement. We
saw a structured interviewing procedure. After gathering the data, the researchers will
look over and review all participant responses in order to come to a conclusion and
validate findings from the research that would address the phenomena indicated by the
participants. Additionally, the researchers arranged and guaranteed the confidentiality of
the information collected from people.
Data Analysis

A quantitative analysis refers to the systematic approach of collecting, analyzing, and

interpreting numerical data to understand patterns, relationships, and trends. It involves
the use of statistical methods and mathematical models to quantify and summarize data,
allowing for objective and numerical conclusions. Systematic analysis refers to a
structured and organized approach to examining and understanding a subject or problem.
It involves breaking down complex information or data into smaller, manageable parts
and systematically evaluating each component to gain insights and draw conclusions. It
helps to ensure a rigorous and structured approach to understanding complex issues or
problems. It promotes objectivity, thoroughness, and logical reasoning, enabling
researchers or analysts to make informed decisions based on evidence and data.
According to (Ahn, 2018) systematic analysis helps to ensure a rigorous and structured
approach to understanding complex issues or problems. It promotes objectivity,
thoroughness, and logical reasoning, enabling researchers or analysts to make informed
decisions based on evidence and data, review collects all possible studies related to a
given topic and design, and reviews and analyzes their results. During the systematic
review process, the quality of studies is evaluated, and a statistical meta-analysis of the
study results is conducted on the basis of their quality.

Ethical Considerations

During the research, the confidentiality of the participants and the respondents'
voluntary participation are both ensured in compliance with ethical standards. All
research communications are carried out with decency, honesty, and openness. To have
prison representation that would shield the participants' identities and uphold
confidentiality, non-public consent had to be sought. For the safety and protection of the
contributors and researchers, data was once gathered online except any face-to-face
encounters. [DATA PRIVACY ACT OF 2012] An act protecting individual personal
information in information and communications systems in the government and the
private sector, Creating for this purpose national privacy commission, and for other
purposes.