4as Lesson Plan

Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION V
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF MASBATE CITY
I The learners demonstrate an understanding of the the

. varied branches and areas of accounting, particularly
O ● financial accounting
B
J ● management accounting
E
● government accounting
C
T A. Content Standard ● auditing
I
V ● tax accounting
E
● cost accounting
S
● accounting education
● accounting research
B. Performance Standard The learners shall be able to…
● make a list of business within the community on the

types of accounting services they require
● solve exercises in the identification of the branches

of accounting described through the types of
services rendered
: Jolly T. Fernandez Avenue, City of Masbate 5400

: (056) 3336142, 09388657680, 09508860381
: masbate.city@deped.gov.ph
: http://www.depedmasbatecity.com
REGION V
The learners
C. Learning Competencies
● differentiate the branches of accounting
● explain the kind/type of services rendered in each

of these branches
I A. Subject Matter BRANCHES OF ACCOUNTING

I
. ● https://efinancemanagement.com/financial-
C accounting/branches-of-accounting
O B. Learning Resources
N ●https://www.youtube.com/watch?
T
v=aZjX6NIqWfA
E
N Laptop or desktop, projector, meta cards, tarpaper,
C. Materials
T scissors, scotch tape.
Preliminary Activities
Teacher’s Activity Learner’s Activity
Good morning, dear students! Good morning, Sir!
III. Let us pray first. Anyone who will lead
PR One student will lead the prayer.
a prayer?
OC
ED Checking of attendance A learner will tell who’s absent for the day
UR
E “How are you today? Is it good so far?” “It was great sir!”
“That’s good to know. So, are you ready
“Yes sir!”
with our discussion today?’
MOTIVATION

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The teacher will ask questions from the

previous lesson.
What is Accounting?
Accounting is the process of measuring, processing,
and sharing financial and other information about
businesses and corporations.
ACTIVITY
BRANCHES OF ACCOUNTING
The students will group themselves into
two.
Each group will be given a task, based

on their literacy level to be completed
within 3 to 5 minutes duration.

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REGION V
Group 1: They will classify the

following words written in the meta
cards in the envelope of the table.
Financial Management Government Auditing

Accounting Accounting Accounting
Group 2: They will classify the

following words written in the meta
cards in the envelope of the table.
Tax Cost Accounting Accounting

Accounting Accounting Education Research
ANALYSIS

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REGION V
How do you find the activity? Answers may vary.
What did you feel while doing it? Answers may vary.
What can you say about the outputs of

Answers may vary
your group?
ABSTRACTION
Don’t you know that there are 8 branches of The learners will listen to the lesson and may ask some
Accounting? These are Financial Accounting, questions along or after the discussion.
Management Accounting, Government
Accounting, Auditing, Tax Accounting, Cost
Accounting, Accounting Education and
Accounting Research.
What are the branches of Accounting?
Different branches of accounting came into

existence, keeping in view various forms
of accounting information needed by different
classes of people. They may be owners,
shareholders, management, suppliers, creditors,
taxation authorities, government agencies, etc.
There are three main accounting branches:
financial accounting, cost accounting, and
management accounting. Other accounting
branches are a result of commercial

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development and emerging needs of business

reporting the world over.
Various Branches of
Accounting
● Financial accounting is a branch of

accounting that focuses on recording,
summarizing, and reporting the
financial transactions and performance
of a business. Its primary objective is to
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REGION V
provide relevant and reliable financial

information to external parties, such as
investors, creditors, and government
agencies. Financial accounting follows
certain principles and standards, such as
Generally Accepted Accounting
Principles (GAAP) or International
Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS),
to ensure consistency and comparability
in financial reporting.
● Management Accounting refers to the

process of collecting, analyzing, and
interpreting financial information to
support internal decision-making within
an organization. Unlike financial
accounting, which is focused on
external reporting, management
accounting provides information to
managers and executives to assist in
planning, controlling, and making
strategic decisions.
● Government accounting is a
specialized branch of accounting that
focuses on the financial management
and reporting of government entities,
such as federal, state, and local
governments, as well as governmental
agencies and non-profit organizations.
Government accounting follows specific
accounting principles and standards,
such as Governmental Accounting
Standards Board (GASB) in the United
States, to ensure transparency,

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REGION V
accountability, and proper stewardship

of public funds.
● Auditing is the systematic examination

and evaluation of financial records,
statements, transactions, and operations
of an organization to determine their
accuracy, reliability, compliance with
laws and regulations, and adherence to
established accounting principles. The
main objective of auditing is to provide
an independent and objective
assessment of the organization's
financial information and internal
controls.
● Tax accounting is a specialized branch

of accounting that focuses on the
preparation, calculation, and reporting
of taxes for individuals, businesses, and
other entities. It involves understanding
and applying tax laws, regulations, and
guidelines to ensure compliance and
minimize tax liabilities. Tax accountants
provide various services to help clients
fulfill their tax obligations and optimize
their tax positions.
● Cost accounting is a branch of

accounting that focuses on the
identification, measurement, analysis,
and reporting of costs associated with
producing goods or providing services
within an organization. The primary
objective of cost accounting is to
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REGION V
provide management with relevant

information for decision-making, cost
control, and performance evaluation.
● Accounting education refers to the

field of education that focuses on
teaching accounting principles,
concepts, practices, and skills to
students pursuing accounting or related
degrees. It provides a foundation for
individuals to understand and apply
accounting knowledge in professional
settings. Accounting education
encompasses both academic programs
offered by educational institutions and
professional development opportunities
provided by accounting organizations.
● Accounting research refers to the

systematic investigation and study of
accounting principles, practices,
theories, and issues to advance
knowledge and understanding in the
field of accounting. Accounting
research can take various forms,
including theoretical research, empirical
research, and applied research. The
findings from accounting research
contribute to the development of
accounting standards, practices, and
theories, and help address accounting-
related challenges and issues.
● Kind/Type of Service Rendered of

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Accounting Branches
● Financial accounting
● Financial Statement Preparation:
Financial accountants prepare various
financial statements, including the income
statement, balance sheet, statement of
cash flows, and statement of changes in
equity. These statements provide a
snapshot of a company's financial position
and performance.
● Bookkeeping: Bookkeeping involves
recording day-to-day financial
transactions, such as sales, purchases,
expenses, and receipts. It forms the
foundation of financial accounting and
includes tasks like maintaining ledgers,
reconciling accounts, and ensuring
accuracy.
● External Auditing: External auditors are
independent professionals who assess the
financial statements of an organization to
provide an opinion on their fairness and
compliance with accounting standards.
They review the records, test internal
controls, and express an audit opinion.
● Financial Analysis: Financial accountants
analyze financial data to evaluate the
financial health and performance of a
company. This analysis involves
examining financial ratios, trends, and
comparisons to industry benchmarks to
assess profitability, liquidity, solvency,
and efficiency.
● Compliance and Reporting: Financial

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accountants ensure compliance with legal

and regulatory requirements related to
financial reporting. They prepare and file
reports with government agencies, such as
tax returns, sales tax filings, and
regulatory disclosures.
● Budgeting and Forecasting: Financial
accountants assist in the budgeting
process by preparing budgets, analyzing
variances, and providing financial
projections. They help organizations plan
and allocate resources effectively.
● Financial Advisory: Financial accountants
may offer advisory services, providing
insights and recommendations based on
their expertise. This can include advising
on investment decisions, financial
strategy, risk management, and cost
control.
● Tax Planning and Preparation: Financial
accountants help individuals and
businesses with tax planning and
preparation. They ensure compliance with
tax laws, identify tax-saving
opportunities, and prepare tax returns.
● It's important to note that while financial
accounting primarily focuses on external
reporting, there is also managerial
accounting, which provides internal
financial information to support decision-
making within an organization.
● Management Accounting
● Cost Accounting: Cost accounting
involves the measurement, analysis, and

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REGION V
reporting of costs associated with

producing goods or providing services.
It helps managers understand and
control costs, make pricing decisions,
evaluate product profitability, and
identify areas for cost reduction.
● Budgeting and Forecasting:
Management accountants play a key
role in the budgeting process by
assisting in the preparation of budgets,
monitoring performance against
budgeted targets, and providing
variance analysis. They also engage in
financial forecasting to estimate future
financial outcomes and assist in
strategic planning.
● Performance Measurement and
Analysis: Management accountants
develop and implement performance
measurement systems to assess the
performance of different business units,
departments, or projects within an
organization. This includes establishing
key performance indicators (KPIs),
conducting variance analysis, and
providing reports to management for
decision-making purposes.
● Strategic Planning and Decision
Support: Management accountants
provide financial insights and analysis
to support strategic decision-making.
They assess the financial viability and
potential risks associated with new
investments, evaluate different project
alternatives, conduct cost-benefit
analysis, and contribute to the

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development of business strategies.

● Financial Analysis and Interpretation:
Management accountants analyze
financial data and provide interpretation
and insights to help managers
understand the financial implications of
their decisions. They may develop
financial models, conduct financial
statement analysis, perform profitability
analysis, and assess the financial health
of the organization.
● Risk Management: Management
accountants contribute to risk
management efforts by identifying and
analyzing financial risks, such as market
volatility, liquidity risks, and
operational risks. They may assist in
developing risk mitigation strategies,
implementing internal controls, and
assessing the impact of risk events on
the organization's financial
performance.
● Internal Reporting: Management
accountants prepare and present internal
reports to management, which include
detailed financial analysis, performance
reports, and strategic recommendations.
These reports help managers make
informed decisions and monitor the
financial performance of the
organization.
● Decision Support Systems:
Management accountants may be
involved in the design and
implementation of decision support
systems, which are software tools that

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facilitate financial analysis, modeling,

and reporting. These systems provide
managers with real-time financial
information and assist in decision-
making processes.
● It's important to note that the services
rendered in management accounting can
vary depending on the organization's
industry, size, and specific needs.
Management accountants work closely
with other departments and managers to
provide financial information that
supports effective decision-making and
helps achieve the organization's
objectives.
● Financial Reporting: Government
accountants prepare financial statements
and reports that provide a
comprehensive view of the
government's financial activities. This
includes statements such as the
Statement of Net Position, Statement of
Activities, Statement of Cash Flows,
and Budgetary Comparison Schedules.
The reports help stakeholders assess the
government's financial position,
performance, and compliance with legal
and regulatory requirements.
● Budgeting and Planning: Government
accountants play a crucial role in the
budgeting and planning process. They
assist in the development of the
government's annual budget, working
closely with department heads to
estimate revenues, allocate resources,
and establish spending limits. They also

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REGION V
monitor budget execution, prepare

budgetary reports, and analyze
variances.
● Grants and Funds Management:
Government entities often receive grants
and funds from various sources for
specific purposes. Government
accountants manage these grants and
funds, ensuring compliance with the
terms and conditions of the funding
sources. They track expenditures,
prepare financial reports, and ensure
proper accountability and transparency
in the use of these resources.
● Cost Accounting: Government
accountants engage in cost accounting
to determine the costs associated with
providing government services. This
includes analyzing the costs of various
programs and services, identifying cost
drivers, and evaluating cost-
effectiveness. Cost accounting helps
government entities make informed
decisions regarding resource allocation
and service delivery.
● Internal Control and Compliance:
Government accountants establish and
monitor internal control systems to
safeguard public resources and prevent
fraud, waste, and abuse. They ensure
compliance with applicable laws,
regulations, and accounting standards.
They may conduct internal audits,
assess risks, and implement control
procedures to enhance accountability
and integrity in government financial

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operations.
Evaluation: Government accountants
develop performance measurement
systems to assess the efficiency and
effectiveness of government programs
and services. They establish
performance indicators, collect data, and
analyze outcomes to evaluate the impact
of government initiatives. This
information helps policymakers and
managers make informed decisions and
improve service delivery.
● Government accounting
● Financial Management and Analysis:
Government accountants provide
financial management and analysis
services to support decision-making and
improve financial performance. They
analyze revenue streams, identify cost-
saving opportunities, and provide
recommendations for optimizing
financial resources. They may also
analyze financial data to evaluate the
long-term sustainability of government
operations.
● Compliance Reporting and Auditing:
Government accountants prepare
financial reports and disclosures
required by regulatory bodies and
oversee the external auditing process.
They ensure compliance with
accounting standards and provide

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REGION V
accurate and timely financial

information to auditors and oversight
agencies.
● Government accounting services are
designed to meet the unique needs and
requirements of the public sector. They
focus on transparency, accountability,
and responsible financial management
to ensure the efficient use of public
funds and the delivery of essential
services to the community.
● Auditing
● External Audit: External auditing is
conducted by independent certified
public accountants (CPAs) or auditing
firms. They examine the financial
statements, records, and internal
controls of an organization to express an
opinion on the fairness and reliability of
the financial information presented.
External audits provide assurance to
stakeholders, such as shareholders,
investors, and creditors, regarding the
organization's financial health and
compliance with accounting standards.
● Internal Audit: Internal auditing is an
independent and objective assurance
and consulting activity carried out by
internal auditors within an organization.
Internal auditors evaluate the
effectiveness of internal controls, risk
management processes, and governance
systems. They identify areas of
improvement, assess compliance with

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REGION V
policies and procedures, and provide

recommendations for enhancing
operational efficiency and effectiveness.
● Compliance Audit: Compliance audits
focus on assessing an organization's
compliance with laws, regulations,
policies, and contractual agreements.
Auditors examine records and
procedures to ensure that the
organization is adhering to applicable
laws and regulations, industry standards,
and internal policies. Compliance audits
are common in heavily regulated
industries such as finance, healthcare,
and government.
● Forensic Audit: Forensic audits are
conducted when there are suspicions of
fraud, financial misconduct, or illegal
activities within an organization.
Forensic auditors investigate financial
records, transactions, and other relevant
evidence to uncover fraudulent
activities, determine the extent of the
fraud, and provide evidence for
potential legal proceedings.
● Operational Audit: Operational audits
focus on evaluating the efficiency and
effectiveness of an organization's
operations, processes, and procedures.
Auditors examine various aspects such
as resource utilization, cost control,
productivity, and performance
measurement. The objective is to
identify opportunities for improvement,
enhance operational effectiveness, and
achieve strategic objectives.

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● Information Systems Audit: Information

systems audits, also known as IT audits
or technology audits, assess the security,
integrity, and reliability of an
organization's information systems.
Auditors evaluate the controls in place
to protect sensitive data, assess the
effectiveness of backup and disaster
recovery procedures, and review the
overall IT governance framework.
Information systems audits help identify
vulnerabilities and risks related to
technology infrastructure and data
management.
● Financial Statement Audit: Financial
statement audits are focused on
verifying the accuracy and reliability of
an organization's financial statements.
Auditors examine financial records,
supporting documentation, and conduct
tests to ensure that the financial
statements are presented fairly and in
accordance with the applicable
accounting standards.
● Performance Audit: Performance audits
assess the economy, efficiency, and
effectiveness of government programs,
policies, or specific projects. Auditors
evaluate the achievement of objectives,
assess the allocation of resources, and
determine whether the outcomes justify
the costs. Performance audits help
improve accountability and
transparency in government entities.
● These are some common types of
auditing services rendered. Auditing

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provides valuable insights, assurance,

and recommendations to organizations
and stakeholders, ensuring the reliability
of financial information, compliance
with regulations, and overall
improvement in organizational
performance.
● Tax accounting
● Tax Return Preparation: Tax
accountants assist individuals,
businesses, and organizations in
preparing and filing their tax returns.
They gather the necessary financial
information, calculate the taxable
income, deductions, and credits, and
complete the required tax forms
accurately and in compliance with tax
laws.
● Tax Planning and Strategy: Tax
accountants offer tax planning services
to help clients minimize their tax
liabilities and optimize their financial
positions. They analyze the client's
financial situation, identify tax-saving
opportunities, and develop strategies to
legally reduce tax burdens. This can
involve considerations such as timing
income and expenses, utilizing tax
credits and deductions, and exploring
tax-efficient investment strategies.
● Compliance and Reporting: Tax
accountants ensure compliance with tax
laws and regulations by assisting clients
in meeting their tax reporting

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REGION V
requirements. They provide guidance on

tax compliance obligations, such as tax
filing deadlines, estimated tax
payments, and tax information
reporting. They also help clients
navigate complex tax rules and
regulations to avoid penalties and
maintain compliance.
● Tax Audit Assistance: Tax accountants
provide assistance during tax audits or
examinations conducted by tax
authorities. They help clients gather and
organize the required documentation,
respond to audit inquiries, and navigate
the audit process. They may also
represent clients and negotiate with tax
authorities on their behalf to resolve any
tax disputes or discrepancies.
● International Taxation: Tax accountants
with expertise in international taxation
assist clients in managing tax
obligations related to cross-border
transactions, global operations, and
international tax treaties. They help
clients navigate complex international
tax laws, minimize the tax impact of
international transactions, and ensure
compliance with foreign tax reporting
requirements.
● Tax Research and Advisory: Tax
accountants conduct tax research to stay
updated with changing tax laws and
regulations. They provide clients with
advice and guidance on tax matters,
interpret tax laws, and help clients
understand the tax implications of

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specific transactions or business

decisions. They also assist in identifying
opportunities for tax incentives and
credits.
● Estate and Gift Tax Planning: Tax
accountants provide guidance and
planning services for clients with
significant assets who want to manage
their estate and gift tax obligations.
They help clients develop strategies to
minimize estate and gift taxes, including
utilizing trusts, gifting strategies, and
succession planning.
● Tax Compliance for Businesses: Tax
accountants assist businesses in meeting
their tax compliance requirements,
including corporate income tax, sales
tax, payroll tax, and other applicable
taxes. They ensure accurate and timely
tax reporting, help businesses
understand tax incentives and
deductions available to them, and assist
in resolving any tax-related issues that
may arise.
services rendered in tax accounting. Tax
accountants play a vital role in helping
individuals and businesses navigate the
complex landscape of tax laws, ensure
compliance, and optimize their tax
positions.
● Cost accounting
● Cost Classification and Allocation: Cost

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REGION V
accountants classify costs into various

categories, such as direct costs (e.g., raw
materials, direct labor) and indirect
costs (e.g., overhead, administrative
expenses). They allocate costs to
different cost objects, such as products,
departments, projects, or services, using
appropriate cost allocation methods.
● Cost Analysis and Costing Methods:
Cost accountants analyze costs to
understand their behavior, identify cost
drivers, and evaluate cost efficiency.
They use different costing methods,
such as job costing, process costing, or
activity-based costing, to assign costs to
specific products, services, or activities
accurately.
● Cost Planning and Budgeting: Cost
accountants assist in cost planning and
budgeting processes. They work with
management to develop cost targets,
prepare cost budgets, and estimate the
cost implications of business plans and
projects. They provide cost projections,
analyze variances, and help control
costs within the set budgets.
● Inventory Valuation: Cost accountants
determine the value of inventory by
considering various cost elements, such
as raw materials, direct labor, and
manufacturing overhead. They apply
inventory valuation methods, such as
first-in, first-out (FIFO), last-in, first-out
(LIFO), or weighted average cost, to
ensure accurate reporting of inventory
on the financial statements.

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● Cost Control and Cost Reduction: Cost

accountants help identify opportunities
for cost control and cost reduction
within an organization. They analyze
cost structures, assess cost drivers, and
recommend cost-saving measures. They
may conduct variance analysis, monitor
cost performance, and provide
suggestions to improve cost efficiency.
● Product Pricing and Profitability
Analysis: Cost accountants play a role
in determining product pricing strategies
by considering the costs associated with
manufacturing or providing goods and
services. They analyze costs and market
factors to set prices that ensure
profitability. They also conduct
profitability analysis to evaluate the
financial performance of different
products, services, or customer
segments.
● Decision Support and Special Analysis:
Cost accountants provide decision
support by performing specialized
analyses, such as make-or-buy analysis,
cost-volume-profit analysis, or capital
investment analysis. They assist in
evaluating investment decisions,
analyzing cost structures, and assessing
the financial implications of alternative
courses of action.
Reporting: Cost accountants develop
performance measurement systems to
assess the cost and profitability of
different departments, projects, or

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REGION V
products. They prepare cost reports, cost

statements, and other performance
metrics to provide management with
insights into cost efficiency, cost
variances, and overall financial
performance.
services rendered in cost accounting.
The specific services provided may vary
depending on the organization's
industry, size, and needs. Cost
accountants play a crucial role in
helping organizations understand and
manage costs, improve cost efficiency,
and make informed decisions to achieve
their financial objectives.
● Accounting education
● Academic Degree Programs:
Accounting education institutions offer
undergraduate and graduate degree
programs in accounting. These
programs provide comprehensive
education in accounting principles,
financial reporting, taxation, auditing,
cost accounting, and other relevant
areas. They equip students with
technical accounting skills, critical
thinking abilities, and a strong
understanding of accounting theory and
practice.
● Professional Certification Preparations:
Accounting education providers often
offer preparatory courses for
professional certifications such as

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Certified Public Accountant (CPA),

Certified Management Accountant
(CMA), Certified Internal Auditor
(CIA), and others. These courses help
individuals prepare for certification
exams by covering the required
knowledge areas, providing exam
strategies, and offering practice
materials.
● Continuing Professional Education
(CPE): Accounting education
encompasses continuing education
programs designed to support the
ongoing professional development of
accountants. CPE programs offer
courses, seminars, workshops, webinars,
and conferences to update accountants
on new accounting standards, tax
regulations, auditing practices, and other
relevant topics. CPE helps accountants
stay up-to-date with industry trends and
maintain their professional competence.
● Professional Development Workshops:
Accounting education providers
organize workshops and training
sessions to enhance the professional
skills of accountants. These workshops
may focus on specific areas such as
financial analysis, budgeting, forensic
accounting, ethics, communication
skills, and leadership development.
They aim to enhance the non-technical
skills required for successful accounting
careers.
● Online Learning and E-Learning
Platforms: Many accounting education

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providers offer online learning programs

and e-learning platforms. These
platforms provide interactive courses,
instructional videos, practice exercises,
and assessments that allow individuals
to learn accounting concepts and skills
at their own pace. Online learning
enables flexibility and accessibility for
students and professionals pursuing
accounting education.
● Research and Publications: Accounting
education institutions conduct research
on accounting pedagogy, curriculum
development, and accounting-related
topics. They publish academic journals,
research papers, and textbooks that
contribute to the advancement of
accounting education and provide
resources for accounting educators and
students.
● Academic Advising and Career
Services: Accounting education
institutions provide academic advising
services to guide students in selecting
courses, planning their academic paths,
and meeting graduation requirements.
They also offer career services to assist
students in exploring accounting career
options, developing resumes, preparing
for job interviews, and connecting with
potential employers.
● Accounting Tutoring and Academic
Support: Accounting education
providers often offer tutoring and
academic support services to help
students grasp accounting concepts,

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improve their understanding of course

material, and enhance their academic
performance. These services may
involve one-on-one tutoring, group
study sessions, or supplemental
instruction.
services rendered in accounting
education. Accounting education plays a
critical role in preparing individuals for
accounting careers, providing them with
the knowledge, skills, and ethical
foundation necessary to succeed in the
field.
● Accounting research
● Theoretical Research: Theoretical
accounting research aims to develop and
refine accounting theories and
frameworks. Researchers engage in
conceptual analysis, literature reviews,
and theoretical modeling to explore the
underlying principles, assumptions, and
relationships that guide accounting
practice. Theoretical research
contributes to the advancement of
accounting knowledge by proposing
new concepts, frameworks, and
approaches to address emerging

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accounting issues.
● Empirical Research: Empirical
accounting research involves collecting
and analyzing data to examine
accounting phenomena and test
hypotheses. Researchers use various
research methods, such as surveys,
experiments, case studies, and statistical
analysis, to study real-world accounting
practices, behaviors, and outcomes.
Empirical research provides evidence-
based insights into the effectiveness,
impacts, and implications of accounting
practices and policies.
● Standard-Setting Research: Standard-
setting bodies, such as the Financial
Accounting Standards Board (FASB)
and the International Accounting
Standards Board (IASB), rely on
accounting research to develop and
revise accounting standards.
Researchers conduct studies to evaluate
the potential consequences and
implications of proposed accounting
standards, identify areas where guidance
is needed, and provide empirical
evidence to support standard-setting
decisions.
● Policy and Regulatory Research:
Accounting research contributes to
policy and regulatory discussions in
areas such as financial reporting,
auditing, taxation, and corporate
governance. Researchers investigate the
effects of policy changes, analyze the
economic and social implications of

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REGION V
accounting regulations, and provide

recommendations for improving
accounting policies and regulations.
Evaluation Research: Accounting
research explores performance
measurement and evaluation methods to
assess the financial and non-financial
performance of organizations.
Researchers develop and evaluate
performance measurement frameworks,
key performance indicators (KPIs), and
methodologies to measure and evaluate
various aspects of organizational
performance, such as financial
performance, sustainability, and social
impact.
● Behavioral Research: Behavioral
accounting research focuses on
understanding the cognitive, social, and
psychological factors that influence
accounting decisions, behaviors, and
judgments. Researchers investigate
topics such as ethical decision-making,
auditor behavior, managerial incentives,
and the impact of psychological biases
on accounting practices. Behavioral
research provides insights into the
factors that shape accounting behaviors
and helps identify strategies to improve
decision-making and professional
conduct.
● Historical Research: Historical
accounting research explores the
evolution of accounting practices,
standards, and institutions over time.

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REGION V
Researchers examine archival records,

historical documents, and accounting
artifacts to study the historical context,
influences, and developments in
accounting. Historical research
contributes to understanding the roots of
accounting practices and the lessons
learned from past experiences.
● Literature Reviews and Synthesis:
Accounting researchers conduct
literature reviews and synthesize
existing research studies to summarize
knowledge on specific accounting
topics. These reviews provide
comprehensive overviews of existing
research, identify research gaps, and
suggest future research directions.
Literature reviews help researchers,
practitioners, and educators stay
updated with the latest developments
and insights in accounting research.
These are some common types of services

rendered in accounting research. Accounting
research plays a crucial role in advancing the
accounting profession, informing policy
decisions, improving accounting practices, and
enhancing the understanding of accounting
principles and concepts.
GENERALIZATION

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REGION V
What are the various branches of Accounting? Students will answer the various branches and give at
Give me at least 2 kinds of services rendered least 2 kinds of services rendered in branches of
per branch. Accounting.
APPLICATION
Classify the following if it is Input, Output or
Storage Device. Write it on the space provided.
1. PRINTER _____________
OUTPUT DEVICE
2. SCANNER ____________
OUTPUT DEVICE
3. PHOTOCOPIER ___________
OUTPUT DEVICE
4. FLASH DRIVE_________________
STORAGE DEVICE
5. EXTERNAL HARD DRIVE_______
STORAGE DEVICE
6. PROJECTOR___________________
OUTPUT DEVICE
7. HEADSET_____________________
OUTPUT DEVICE
8. KEYBOARD____________________
INPUT DEVICE
9. MONITOR______________________
OUTPUT DEVICE
10. SPEAKER_______________________
OUTPUT DEVICE
EVALUATION
Direction: Fill in the blanks. Choose your
answer from the box below.
1._________________ a device that converts

electrical energy into sound waves and is worn
over or inserted into the ear. EARPHONE

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REGION V
EXTERNAL HARD DRIVE
2. _______________ is a portable storage

device that can be attached to a computer
through a USB or firewire connection, or
wirelessly. External hard drives typically have
high storage capacities and are often used to
back up computers or serve as a network drive.
ALL-IN-ONE PRINTER
3.__________ is a device made up of multiple

peripheral functionalities and capabilities,
including printing, copying, and scanning.
4. ___________is a machine that makes copies

of documents and other visual images
onto paper or plastic film quickly and cheaply.
It uses a technology called xerography a dry
process that uses electrostatic charges on a PHOTOCOPIER/XEROX MACHINE
light-sensitive photoreceptor to first attract and
then transfer toner particles (a powder) onto
paper in the form of an image.
5.____________________ is an input
device that scans documents such as
photographs and pages of text. When a
document is scanned, it is converted into
a digital format. This creates an electronic
version of the document that can be viewed and
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REGION V
6. __________________is an output hardware

device that connects to a computer to generate
sound. The signal used to produce the sound
that comes from a computer speaker is created
by the computer's sound card.
7. __________________is an output device that

displays information in pictorial or text form. A
monitor usually comprises a visual
display, some circuitry, a casing, and a power
supply.
8.___________________is a peripheral device

that enables a user to input text into a computer
or any other electronic machinery.
9. ___________________ is an optical device

that projects an image onto a surface,
commonly a projection screen.
10. __________________ is a data storage

device that includes flash memory with an
integrated USB interface. It is typically
removable, rewritable, and much smaller than
an optical disc.

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REGION V
AGREEMENT
Do research on google about the different types

of computer hardware accessories and their Learners will research in the internet using the
respective function. google search engine.
Prepared by:
RAY JAMES B. MERCADER

ALS TEACHER
Checked by:
ZAIDA C. MENDOZA
EPS II - ALS

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Republic of the Philippines

I The learners demonstrate an understanding of the the

B. Performance Standard The learners shall be able to…

● make a list of business within the community on the

● solve exercises in the identification of the branches

: Jolly T. Fernandez Avenue, City of Masbate 5400

● explain the kind/type of services rendered in each

I A. Subject Matter BRANCHES OF ACCOUNTING

: Jolly T. Fernandez Avenue, City of Masbate 5400

The teacher will ask questions from the

Each group will be given a task, based

: Jolly T. Fernandez Avenue, City of Masbate 5400

Group 1: They will classify the

Financial Management Government Auditing

Group 2: They will classify the

Tax Cost Accounting Accounting

: Jolly T. Fernandez Avenue, City of Masbate 5400

How do you find the activity? Answers may vary.

What can you say about the outputs of

What are the branches of Accounting?

Different branches of accounting came into

: Jolly T. Fernandez Avenue, City of Masbate 5400

development and emerging needs of business

● Financial accounting is a branch of

provide relevant and reliable financial

● Management Accounting refers to the

: Jolly T. Fernandez Avenue, City of Masbate 5400

accountability, and proper stewardship

● Auditing is the systematic examination

● Tax accounting is a specialized branch

● Cost accounting is a branch of

provide management with relevant

● Accounting education refers to the

● Accounting research refers to the

● Kind/Type of Service Rendered of

: Jolly T. Fernandez Avenue, City of Masbate 5400

: Jolly T. Fernandez Avenue, City of Masbate 5400

accountants ensure compliance with legal

: Jolly T. Fernandez Avenue, City of Masbate 5400

reporting of costs associated with

: Jolly T. Fernandez Avenue, City of Masbate 5400

development of business strategies.

: Jolly T. Fernandez Avenue, City of Masbate 5400

facilitate financial analysis, modeling,

: Jolly T. Fernandez Avenue, City of Masbate 5400

monitor budget execution, prepare

: Jolly T. Fernandez Avenue, City of Masbate 5400

: Jolly T. Fernandez Avenue, City of Masbate 5400

accurate and timely financial

: Jolly T. Fernandez Avenue, City of Masbate 5400

policies and procedures, and provide

: Jolly T. Fernandez Avenue, City of Masbate 5400

● Information Systems Audit: Information

: Jolly T. Fernandez Avenue, City of Masbate 5400

provides valuable insights, assurance,

: Jolly T. Fernandez Avenue, City of Masbate 5400

requirements. They provide guidance on

: Jolly T. Fernandez Avenue, City of Masbate 5400

specific transactions or business

: Jolly T. Fernandez Avenue, City of Masbate 5400

accountants classify costs into various

: Jolly T. Fernandez Avenue, City of Masbate 5400

● Cost Control and Cost Reduction: Cost