& Chemistry

Enorganic
(Paymond chang)
Chem
/Aharp
ELBS with

Remem
j Longman]
 Phase Equilibria and Surface Science

Solid Solid

Sulphur (Rhombic > monoclinic)

Phospurs (Rod -- white)

Solid Vapour

[2(s) - [2 (9)

x =
B I B

Thermodynamic requirement OG =
0

4x
CB
=

Gibbs energy is an extensive property

↓
Depends on the amount

To >
=
make it intensive -

no of mols
u

M : Chemical potential .

: x =
B A

-M = x

Ma =
MB
Two chemical potentials are equal .
 If Ma <
MB
↑
Stable

lower the chemical potential more Stable

: B phase >
-
X phase .

En : -When heating a kettle we are changing the

chemical potential of the molecules .

Steam will
·

become more stable ·

Mgraphite <Maiamond
[

Chemical potential is a function of temperature .

M =
f( + )

*
(C)
Components

I
component > c = 1

24 2 -
-
> C = 2
-

only C =
1 and C = 2 is covered in this class
Meaning of component

3
Do % Bure water >
-
I
component system
las % ethanol

Vessel with nitrogen and phygent -

> 2
component .

Temperature
-
2

da = - sdt +
rdy 7 < pressure

↑
&
S

volume
entropy

↓ mols (n)

du = -
5d + + vdp