GROUP 5
and the ability to govern itself without interference
CONTEMPORARY GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
In a globalized society, international collaboration,
friendship, and peace ar essential
These fundamental values support international
relations, ensuring global peace, prosperity and
human dignity
Despite the many challenges and complexities of
the modern international sene, states must pursue
collaboration, amity, and peace
Global Interstate System also known as “world
systems”
Interactions between or among countries based on
the policies and partnerships that their heads of state
have agreed upon
Facet f contemporary political globalization that
seeks to form collaboration among nation-states
through the establishment of intergovernmental
organizations
Rooted on the idea of internationalism
THE STATE AND ITS ELEMENTS
POPULATION - the people who reside within a
specific geographic area under the governance of
the state
TERRITORY - the defined geographic area with
borders and boundaries that the state governs and
has control over
GOVERNMENT - the system or body that holds
authority over the population within the territory. It
creates and enforces laws, maintains order, and
provides governance.
SOVEREIGNTY - the state’s independent authority
from external powers.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
TERRITORIAL STATE
Permanent population, defined territory,
government, capacity to enter into relations with
other states
Territorial integrity - the state is composed of a
continuous and defined territory separated from
other states by distinct borders
Sovereignty - within its territory, the state holds
supreme authority, recognizing no other governing
power
Monopoly of law and coercive power - the state
exclusively wields both legal authority and the
power to enforce laws within its territory, impacting
all individuals to varying degrees, except for minor
exceptions like diplomatic immunity
Direct rule - the state governs its citizens or subjects
directly, without intermediaries or subordinates,
unlike historical feudal or imperial systems
Standardization in governance - direct government
by a nation-state implies a degree of standardization
of homogenization in how the inhabitants are
treated and administered by central authorities
THE WEAKENING OF THE STATE
Economic globalization
Transnational corporations
Information and communication technologies
International agreements and organizations
Migration and cultural exchange
Erosion of sovereignty
Economic dependency
Regulatory challenges
Shifts in power
Transitional challenges
GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
- Refers to the sum of laws, norms, policies
and institutions that define…
- It aims to manage cross-border issues
(diplomatic relations, trade, financial
transactions, migration, nd climate change)
- WTO in world trade affairs, UN, ICC, IMF
and World Bank
INTERNATIONAL LAW
- Defines as the rules and principles that
nation-states consider about property, trade,
immigration, and other areas that have
traditionally been under the jurisdiction of
individual nations
- The roots of modern international law can
be traced back to the 17th century Peace of
Westphalia
- It aims at creating and ensuring stable
relations between nations
REGIONALISM
- Refers to the idea of dividing a larger area
into smaller regions based on shared
characteristics such as culture, geography, or
economics
- An ideology that highlights the local identity
the need for independent regional planning,
and administrative freedom
- Improves efficiency and effectiveness
GLOBALIZATION
- Focused on the rapid expansion and
intensification of social relations across
world time and space
- It i when countries, people, business, goods,
services, ideas, and cultures are all
connected and work together on a global
scale
- It changes the way nations, business, and
people interact
UNITED NATIONS
- Second multipurpose international
organization in 20th century
- The league of nations by treaty of versailles
was established by year 1919 but disbanded
in 1946
LANGUAGES IN UN
- Arabic
- Chinese
- English
- French
- Russian
- Spanish
4 MAIN PURPOSE OF UN
- Maintaining international peace and security
- Promoting international cooperation
- Fostering human rights and humanitarian
assistance
- Supporting social and economic
development
UN ROLES IN GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
- Managing knowledge
- Developing norms
- Promulgating recommendations
- Institutionalizing ideas
6 MAIN ORGANS OF UNITED NATIONS
1. General Assembly - leads the UN
policymaking and deliberation
- Allows all 193 member states to
discuss human rights, development,
…
- Each member state has one vote on
the GA’s non-binding resolution
suggestions
2. Security Council - global security and
peace
- The GA appointed non-permanent
members serve 2 year terms, while 5
permanent members [ US, china,
france, russia and the Uk ] have veto
power
 - The SC can employ force and
sanctions to resolve conflicts and
threats to peace

3. Trusteeship Council - to oversee trust areas

and ensure their independence or
self-government
- Has been inactive since 1994, when
Palau became independent
- Can be restricted if needed

4. Economic and Social Council - promotes

international economic and social
development and cooperation
- Discusses social and economic
issues, proposes policies, and directs
UN programs and specialized
agencies

5. International Court of Justice - SC

oversee global peace and security
- 10 non permanent members are
nominated and serve 2 year terms
- The SC can employ force and
sanctions to resolve conflicts and
threats to peace

6. Secretariat - runs everyday operations

- GA chooses the secretary general on
the SC’s recommendation
- UN operations get administrative and
logistical support from the secretariat
which implements resolutions and
conducts research and analysis

INTERATIONAL ACTORS

- States
- Internation organizations
- Civil society
- Market [ global corporations/industries ]
 December 2030

Global Divides:
North and South
 Overview
North-South Divide is
generally seen as a
contemporary political and
socio-economic division.
Global North
Global north is home to all the
members of G8 and to four of the five
permanent member of the United Nation
Security Council. Global north includes
West, and First world country together
with mush of Second world country.
Global North Five Permanent G8 Members
United States Members of UN
France
Canada Security Council
Germany
Western Europe
China Italy
Developed Parts of Asia
France Japan
Japan
Russian Federation United Kingdom
Brunei
United Kingdom United States
Israel
United States Canada
New Zealand
Australia
Russia
 Data
Rich Four fifths income earned

90% Manufacturing
More developed region Industries

One quarter of world’s

95% enough food population
Global South
The Global South consists of the
poorest and least industrialized
countries, which are mainly in the
southern part of the world.
Global South
Africa
Latin America
Developing Asia
Countries
Middle East
 Data
Poor One fifths income earned

Source of raw material of

Less developed region the North

Three quarter of world’s

5% enough food
population
Global South Vs the The Third World
First World
01 Industrialized and Capitalist

Aligned with the Western Bloc

02 during Cold war

First World countries includes United

03 States, Canada, Western European
Nation, Japan, and Australia.
Second World
01 Communist bloc or Socialst country

Aligned with the Eastern Bloc

02 during Cold war

Soviet Union, China and “friends”

03 were categorized as Second World
Countries.
Third World
Arose during Cold War that categorized
01 countries that remained non- aligned
with either Western or Eastern Bloc.

02 Refers to developing countries.

At the end of Cold War, the term “Third

World” was replaced with the term such as
03 developing countries, least developed
countries or “Global South”.
 Alfred Sauvy
French demographer,
anthropologist, and historian.

Coined the term “Third World” which

is used to denote the poor world.
The North-South Divide
Latin America
Region of the Americas where
01 Romance languages are primarily
spoken.

Countries where Spanish or

02 Portuguese is currently the
dominant language.
Latin American Experiences and New Concept of
Global Relation
Latin America tends to be viewed as an area continually placed at the
receiving end.

The Latin American nations have occupied a marginal zone in

the global system.

Latin America called as “Globalizing Latin America”

 Victor Armony
Chair of Undergraduate Studies in the
Department of Sociology at the University of
Quebec at Montreal

Defines Latin America and relates some pertinent part of its history in this manner:
The term Latin America covers at least twenty societies in the American continent which
because of their historical origins, reflect in their institutions and social organization a
worldview with roots in the Southern European tradition -that of absolutist Counter-
Reformation Spain and Portugal.”
Armony Defines Latin
America
The “Imagined Community”

a place of unfinished aspirations

Latin American nation is thought to be a place where most of the people

are underemployed, underpaid, under-educated, and under-nourished.
Armony further identifies some commonalities among nations in
Latin America and how other regions perceive them:

“Almost every country in the region has continually tried to find a

functional balance between the universal notion of citizenship
embedded in the very structure of the nation-state”

It is in this perspective that Latin America can be seen as the “Other”

 Fernando Henrique
Cardosi (FHC)
34th President of Brazil (1995-2003)

Sociologist, professor and politician

He provides additional insights into the economic

circumstances of Latin American Nation.
Some of the FHC’s Statements
(KEYPOINTS)
Latin American Economic Diversity
Global Waves of Prosperity and Crisis
Liberalization Policies in some Countries
Importance of Social and Economic Integration
Globalization’s Impact on Unemployment
The “South” as a concept
Relational and Oppositional Nature of the “South”
 December 2030

THANK YOU
 GROUP 7

Contemporary World
-production and employment of multilateral
intergovernmental institutions to share
information, to create, promote, and impose
common rules and regulations, and to resolve
disputes

-includes organizations such as ASEAN, EU,

NAFTA, AU and etc.
SIMILARITIES,
DIFFERENCES & NUANCES
WHICH IS WHICH?

- Regionalization and Regionalism are two different concepts

that have a deep correlation with one another. Although at first
glance they look the same they both serve different purposes and
ideals. It may seem like Regionalism is an ideology of unison of
nations in a given region whilst its counterpart Regionalization is
the act of performing these types of agreement that leads to unity.
But that is only at the surface level, if we go deeper we can see that
they are very distinct in their purpose.

I NO NO W A NNA :’ (
DIVING DEEPER

Regionalism
• It promotes a feeling of common identity, cooperation and
interest withing a certain region.
• This can take on multiple forms, such as political, economic,
and cultural cooperation.
• Takes the shape of agreements, coalitions, or regional
organizations.
• Embodies a commitment to mutual understanding and
collaboration and goes beyond simple geographic closeness.
I NO NO W A NNA :’ (
DIVING DEEPER

Regionalization
• Dynamic process that divides a larger geographic area into
smaller, frequently administratively defined regions
• Setting up discrete administrative units within a nation or
across borders, decentralizing governing institutions, or
establishing specialized economic zones
• Regionalization creates the framework for promoting a
feeling of regional identity and collaboration by drawing
distinct borders and organizational structures
I NO NO W A NNA :’ (
REMARKS

• Regionalism always alludes to Regionalization

• Regionalization isn’t always the basis for regionalism

REAL WORLD RESULTS

• Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)

• Since the establishment in 1998 they contributed to the
development of a cooperative regional identity in the Asia-
Pacific area.
I NO NO W A NNA :’ (
 Regionalization Vs
Globalization

RE GI ONA LIZATION GL OBA LI ZATI ON

Mostly regional/Certain Geography Globally

F OC U S ES ON R EGION AL N EEDS F OC U S ES ON GL OBA L DEM A NDS

What else?
LET’S MAKE IT EASIER

GL O B A L I Z A TI ON
I N T R O DUCES M O ST L Y
I N T E RM S OF THE W EST ER N M EN U S T O A SI A N
MO NE Y S I D E O F M A R K ET S SU C H A S B I G
M A C S.
TH I NG S
R EGI O N A L I ZAT ION
I N T EGR A T ES A SI A N
C U L T U RE I N T O T H E M EN U
GI V I N G U S “R I C E M EA L S” .
WHAT WE K NO W

• GLOBALIZATION, AS UNDERSTOOD IN PREV IOUS REPORTS, INVOLV ES

THE HEIGHTENED FLOW OF GOODS, SERVICES, CAPITAL, PEOPLE, AND
INFORM ATION AC ROS S BORDERS

• C ONVERSELY, REGION ALIZATION PERTAINS T O THE FORM ATION OF

NEW REGIONAL TREATIES AND ACCORDS DESIGN ED TO ENH ANC E
C OOPERATION, INTEGRATION, OR POLITICAL ENGAGEMENT AMONG
STATES WITHIN A SPEC IFIC REGION
G R O W T H OF RE GIONA L ORGA NIZA TIONS

Happy New Year!!

THE COLD WAR

• REGION ALIZATION AND GLOBALIZATION ARE TWO MAIN DEFINING

FEATURES OF CONTEMPORARY WORLD POLITICS AND BUSINESS,
EXPERIEN C ING A RESURGENC E IN SIGNIFIC ANC E SINC E THE 1980S AND
N OTABL Y DURING THE 1990 S POST - COLD WAR .

• DURING THIS TIM E PERIOD THERE WAS A RAPID GROWTH OF NEW AND
S TRENGTH ENED REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS SUC H AS THE EU, ASEAN,
N AFTA AND M ERC OSUR .

• TH ES E ORGANIZATIONS WERE M ADE FOR S EC URITY , EC ONOM IC

C OOPERATION , POLITIC AL C OOPERATION AND ETC .
 MAIN FACTORS

RISING GLOBAL
E ND O F T H E C O L D W A R
INTE RD E PE NDANCE
Liberated states were freed from
Lead to the consolidation of neo-
their previous geopolitical and
liberal international financial
ideological constraints.
institutions
 A T FIR ST GL AN CE , MAN Y S EE THE TWO A S CO NF LICTING
P R O CE SS ES . R EG IO N AL O R G AN IZATION S AD DRE SS STATE S'
E F F OR TS TO R EDUCE T H E S UP PO SED N E GATIV E E FF ECTS
O F GLO B AL IZATI ON . I N THAT S ENSE , REG IONALIZATION I S
A S O R T O F CO U N TE R - G LOB ALIZATION .
 HOWEVER, W HEN WE EXAMINE THE IMPACT O F RE GIONALIZATION
I N ON E PART O F THE WOR LD, A MOR E COMPLEX PICTURE
EMERGES . IT'S EVIDENT THAT REGIONALIZATION, WHE THER BY
INSPIRATION OR DEFENSIVE REACTION, TENDS TO ENCOURAGE
SIMILAR PR OCESSES I N OTHER REG IONS . THIS PHENOMENON
GIVES RISE TO INTER -RE GIONALISM, E SSE NTIALLY C RE ATING
CONNECTIONS AND COLLABOR ATIONS BETWEEN REGI ONS THAT
EXTEND BEY OND THEIR I MME DIATE G EOGRAPHIC BOUNDARIES,
FORMING A GLOBAL NETWORK O F INTERDEPENDENCE .
 IN TH I S N U A N CE D PE R S P EC TIV E , RE G I O N A LI S M IS N OT M E RE L Y A
DE FE N SI VE RESP ON SE T O G L OB A LI Z ATI O N; R A TH E R, I T BE C OME S A N
IN A DV ERTE N T C AT A LY S T FO R BR O A DE R IN TE R C O NN EC TE D NE S S .
DE SPIT E INI TI A L I MP RE S SI O N S O F C O NF LI CT , T HE I N T RI C AT E
DY NAM IC S B ET WE E N RE GI O N A LI Z ATI O N A ND G LOB ALI Z ATI ON
RE VE A L A C OMP A T IBILI TY, EV EN EN C O U R A GE MEN T, BET WE EN T H E
TW O . T HE I NT ER C O N NE C TE D N A T U RE O F RE GI O N S R ES P O N DIN G T O
GLOB A LI Z ATI ON C H A LL E N G E S T H E N OTI O N O F A ST A R K O P P O SI TIO N ,
EMP H A SI ZIN G THE C OMP L EX AN D EV O L VIN G N AT U R E OF G L OB A L
RELATION S .
-A regional organization that was formed through the
collaborative efforts of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines,
Singapore, and Thailand in 1967

-aimed to expedite economic growth, foster societal and

cultural development, and cultivate peace and security
throughout Southeast Asia.

-has 10 nations: Indonesia (1967), Malaysia (1967), Philippines

(1967), Singapore (1967), Thailand (1967), Brunei (1984), Vietnam
(1995), Laos (1997), Myanmar (1997), Cambodia (1999)
-replaced the Association of Southeast Asia (ASA), formed in
1961, and emerged as a driving force in fostering cooperative
peace and prosperity.

-its primary objective revolves around promoting economic

cooperation and fostering trade growth among its member
states and with other nations globally

-has 10 nations: Indonesia (1967), Malaysia (1967), Philippines

(1967), Singapore (1967), Thailand (1967), Brunei (1984), Vietnam
(1995), Laos (1997), Myanmar (1997), Cambodia (1999)
As stated in its Declaration, ASEAN's objective is as follows:

1. to accelerate economic growth and progressive social

and cultural development in the region;
2. to promote regional peace and cooperation in common
interest issues;
3. to provide assistance for every member in the forms of
training and research facilities;
4. to work together for better use of agriculture and
industry;
5. to raise the people's standard of living;
6 to advance Southeast Asian studies;
7. and to maintain close and useful partnerships with
other existing global organizations with similar goals and
objectives.
An analysis by Ehito Kimura
 Who is Dr. Ehito Kimura?

P R O F ESSO R O F P O LI T I CAL SC I EN CE
CRE A TE D THE 20 14 A RTICLE
"Globalization and the Asia Pacific and
University of Hawaii at Manoa
South Asia,"

P H D , P O LI T I CAL SC I EN C E. M A , I N T ER N AT IO NAL R EL A T I O NS
,University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2006 Yale University, 2001.
 T H E R I SI NG P R O M INE NCE
His Insights O F R E G IO NA LISM A ND
R E G IO NA LIZAT ION W ITH IN
and A SIA
Observations
STR A TE GIC IM P O R TA NCE O F
TH E R E G IO N D U E TO IT’ S
LA ND M A SS

THE ATTENTION OF NON -ASIAN

GLOBAL POWERS HAS SHARPLY
SHIFTED TOWARD THE REGION
DESPITE THE CHALLENGES OF
THE REGION
Thank you!