Apostila 3° Ano - Cópia

ETEC “ALBERT EINSTEIN”
Name:_____________________________________nr._____Date:___/___
/___ 3 º____
CONTEÚDO PROGRAMÁTICO - 3º ANOS

DATA N° CONTEÚDO STATUS
01 IT’S WRITTEN IN THE STARS - (ADJECTIVES )
02 SIX PATTERNS TO READ EFFECTIVELY
03 TEXTOS VARIADOS
04 FALSE COGNATES
05 FALSE COGNATES
06 PASSIVE VOICE – EXTRA EXERCISES
07 PHRASAL VERBS
08 ADVERBS
09 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES – IF CLAUSES
10 ARE YOU ADDICTED TO STRESS?
11 MODAL VERBS
12 MODAL VERBS
13 ING FORMS: PRESENT PARTICIPLE OR GERUND?
14 GERUND
15 INFINITIVE AND GERUND
16 SPECIAL DIFFICULTIES TO DO-/ TO MAKE
17 ADDITION TO REMARKS
18 REPORTED SPEECH – SAY AND TELL
19 REPORTED SPEECH
20 REPORTED SPEECH
21 WHO SAID THAT?
22 RELATIVE PRONOUNS I
23 RELATIVE PRONOUNS II
TEMPOS VERBAIS VARIADOS
TEXTOS VARIADOS
LISTENING EXERCISES AND TEXTS
TESTS - PROJECTS
LIVRO DE APOIO, PESQUISA E EXERCÍCIOS:
INGLÊS SÉRIE BRASIL – AMADEU MARQUES - EDITORA ÁTICA
*TEXT AND EXERCISES* # HAND OUT 02 #
SIX IMPORTANT SKILLS TO READ EFFECTIVELY
PREVIEWING – Before you start reading, find out something/discuss about what you will
read. Then you can start thinking about the subject. You will be able to read faster and with some
understanding.
ASKING QUESTIONS AS YOU READ – This keeps your mind on what you read. Asking
questions helps you pay attention. It also helps you to remember what you read.
GUESSING WHAT NEW WORDS MEAN – It takes much time to look up every word. And
if you stop, you may forget what you are reading. Use the whole sentence or paragraph to guess
word. After that look at the dictionary for the unknown word.Check the meaning one at a time.
FINDING THE TOPIC AND THE MAIN IDEA – The topic and the main idea let you know
what is important. To find the topic and the main idea, ask two questions:
What is it about?
What does the writer want to say about this?
UNDERSTANDING PATTERNS IN ENGLISH – A pattern is a way of putting ideas
together. If you find the pattern, you can understand more. You will also remember more.
USING SIGNAL WORDS – Some words are like signposts on a highway. They tell you what
direction the writer is going and they help you to follow the writer’s ideas. Signal words also
help you guess what you will read about.
Vocabulary:
find out descobrir pattern padrão
guess advinhar signal words palavras de sinalização
preview prever, fazer previsões signpost placa de sinalização
highway estrada skill habilidade
look up consultar
A- Take a look at the text pages (title, illustrations, source of the text, author, subtitles, highligted
words, etc)
B- Discuss the following quetions:
01 - What is the subject of the text?
02 - What do you know about this subject?
C - Match the columns

1 . Work on 4. Main
2. Look up 5. Pattern
3. Guess 6. Signpost
(_____) Determinada disposição de alguns elementos para obter um efeito ou resultado.

(_____) Consultar uma lista.
(_____) Cartaz ou placa que contém informações para o motorista.
(_____) Exercitar uma habilidade para melhorar o desempenho.
(_____) O que é mais importante.
(_____) Procurar uma resposta sem ter as informações completas.
D - Find the expression used in the text for:

01 - Um de cada vez _____________________________________________________________
02 - Leva muito tempo _____________________________________________________________
03 - A frase inteira _____________________________________________________________
04 - Informar você _____________________________________________________________
05 - Reunir idéias _____________________________________________________________
E - Divide into mini-groups, read the text silently, and:

01 - Underline transparent words;
02 - Underline the expressions from the previous exercise;
03 - Circle the unknown words.
F - Still in your groups, answer the questions.

01 - What is the main idea of the text?
_____________________________________________________________________________
02 - Make a list of words in the text related to the main idea.
_____________________________________________________________________________
G - Working the text.

01 - Each group member writes a question in Portuguese about the text. Ask the question to the other
group members. The group must give short, oral answers in Portuguese.
02 - Each group member writes a question in English about the text. Ask the question to the other
group members. The group must give short, oral answers in English.
03 - Each group member writes two sentences for a True or False exercise: one in Portuguese the
other in English. Read each sentence to the group members and they have to tell if it is true or
false.
H - Check the correct alternative.

01 - Asking questions
a) is a way of thinking about the subject
b) helps you to remember what you read
c) lets you know what is important
d) makes you forget what you are reading
e) tells you what direction the writer is going.
02 - When you read

a) You use only six skills.
b) You use questions as signposts.
c) You use skills and signposts.
d) You use more than six skills
e) You create patterns.
I - Write O for opposites and S for synonyms
01 - (______) forget – remember 04 - (______) look up – search for and find

02 - (______) skill – ability 05 - (______) find - lose
03 - (______) whole – entire 06 - (______) keep – maintain
*G
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EX
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HA
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FALSE FRIENDS
Abuse: 1. Insultar, ofender 2. Abusar (de) 3. Maltratar,

tratar com violência
Accent: 1.sotaque 2. acento (tônico gráfico) 3. ênfase, 1. (assento lugar para sentar ): (base; )
realce ( traseiro, nádegas) bottom, Behind,
backside, buttocks)
Actual: Verdadeiro, real atual: present
Àctuality: Realidade, fato Atualidade: present, present time
Actually: na verdade, realmente Atualmente: at present, today
Addiction: Dependência, vício Adição, soma, acréscimo: addition
Advice: Conselho(s) aviso por escrito: notice, aviso (oral)
announcement; advertência: warning
Advise: Aconselhar, recomendar 2. Avisar
Ailment: Doença, mal-estar; achaque Alimento: food
Amass: Acumular (dinheiro, informações, etc) Amassar (o carro: dent), (o carro
muito:wreck), (a roupa: crease), o pão:
Knead)
Anthem: Hino Antena: aerial: antenna)
Application: 1. Aplicação 2. Requerimento (application
form: formulário de aplicação)
Appoint: Nomear, designar Apontar para: point at/to
Appointment: Nomeação, escolha 2. Compromisso (com Apontamento: note
hora marcada)
Apt: 1. habilidoso, inteligente 2. Propenso, com Apto: able, qualified, fit
tendência (a)
Argue: Discutir, brigar verbalmente Argüir: question
Argument: 1. discussão, briga verbal 2. Argumento: ponto Argumento (de filme) plot
de vista
Arrest: Prender, deter Arrastar : drag
Assume: 1. supor, presumir, 2. Assumir
Attend 1. assistir, estar presente a, freqüentar 2. Atender a porta o telefone: answer
Atender cuidar de
Beef Carne bovina Bife: steak. beefsteak
*GRAMMAR AND EXERCISES* # HAND OUT 04 #
FALSE FRIENDS
A - Leia e entenda o significado dos falsos cognatos:

01 - What do you actually want to know?________________________________________________
02 - During all his life, he’s amassed an enormous fortune.__________________________________
03 - Unfortunately, this book is out of print and will not be available for at least 3 months__________
04 - Such commodity can be found at any department store._________________________________
05 - As this is a comprehensive subject, I’ll divide the explanation in three parts.________________
06 - Did Mary really win the international beauty contest.__________________________________

07 - The convict will stay in prision for the rest of his life. __________________________________
08 - If you need further data, please let me know. _________________________________________
09 - The defendant missed the chance of telling the judge the True story._______________________
10 - My uncle works for the biggest newspaper in town: he’s an editor.________________________
11 - The milionaire is a man of enormous estate: jewels, car, houses and farms __________________
12 - After moving from one city to the other I settled down in Rio eventually.___________________
13 - Could you show me the main exit of this theater? _____________________________________
14 - What an exquisite food it is! It tastes great!__________________________________________
15 - Is the fabric wide enough to make a new curtain?______________________________________
16 - I left a gratuity of about 15% at the restaurant last night.________________________________

17 - Mr. Jones spoke nervously at the lecture last weekend__________________________________
18 - Why haven’t you returned these books to the library yet?________________________________
19 - We’ll leave for Rio after lunch: at about 1 P.M._______________________________________
20 - What does the magazine say about the latest news?_____________________________________
21 - Did you vote for Serra, the mayor of the city? ________________________________________
22 - The two people whom I love most are surely my parents._______________________________
23 - Try to save some petrol and use your car on wekends only.______________________________
24 - He studied Medicine from 1990 to 1995 and has been an unknown physician._______________
25 - Any kind of prejudice against people should be avoided.________________________________
26 - Wait here! I’ll leave him a message and come back presently.____________________________
27 - Don’t pretend be sick! I know you’re perfectly well.__________________________________
28 - Try to push the door, otherwise it won’t open..________________________________________
29 - Only then I realized how much time I wasted, doing nothing at all._______________________
30 - After a 2-minute-interval I resumed the reading of my morning newspaper._________________
31 - Mr. Smith intends to retire after finishing his last and biggest work._______________________
32 - Be sensible and try to study harder next year!_________________________________________
33 - The oldest son is the only one that works – and he supports the whole family.________________
FALSE FRIENDS
A - Leia e entenda o significado dos falsos cognatos:

01 - He is a man of great ability
02 - Are you sure everything will be ready by 10 o’clock?___ Absolutely _____________________
03 - The doctor advised me to quit smoking. ____________________________________________
04 - Let me give you some advice. _______________________________________________
05 - An affluent society also has its problems. ____________________________________________
06 - She agonized for several days over the decision she had to make._________________________
07 - I don’t anticipate any difficulties, but in case difficulties do arise._________________________
08 - She apologized for her son’s rude behavior. _________________________________________
09 - The apparent cause of the accident was...____________________________________________
10 - Hundreds of applications were received._____________________________________________
11 - Paul was appointed head of the export department. ___________________________________

12 - Tony’s appointment as a manager/I have an appointment with my dentist.___________________
13 - He is apt to become quite upset when he hears about it. ________________________________
14 - Don’t argue with your boss; he might fire you.________________________________________
15 - Her argument is that...___________________________________________________________
16 - He managed to arrange for a meeting with the governor._________________________________

17 - Dr. Castro was assisted by a younger surgeon.________________________________________
18 - As he didn’t come to class, I assume he was ill._______________________________________
19 - He attended excellent schools when he was young _____________________________________
20 - He had an audience with the Pope.__________________________________________________
21 - Radio Station Light FM has a faithful audience _______________________________________

22 - He is a confirmed bachelor._______________________________________________________
23 - He lost his balance and fell._______________________________________________________
24 - The balance of the goods will go on sale at a discount.._________________________________
25 - The American bar Association.(OAB)_______________________________________________
26 - He stopped at his favorite bar and had a drink.________________________________________

27 - Johnny asked her mother for a bar of chocolate._______________________________________
28 - She bought several bars of soap. ___________________________________________________
29 - At 10 dollars, this tie is a bargain!.__________________________________________________
30 - Pork costs about the same beef.____________________________________________________
31 - A block of flats..._______________________________________________________________
32 - They live only a few blocks from here.______________________________________________
PASSIVE VOICE
Como se forma: verbo to be ( no tempo adequado) + particípio passado do verbo principal
Ex.: Jane write a letter.  A letter is written by Jane.
Jane wrote a letter.  A letter was written by Jane.
O objeto na voz ativa torna-se o sujeito na voz passiva.
O sujeito torna-se agente da passiva.
O agente da passiva vem sempre precedido por by ou, então pode ser omitido.
Ex.: Jane is reading the book.  The book is being read (by Jane).
TEMPO VERBAL VOZ ATIVA VOZ PASSIVA

Presente Contínuo is forgetting is being forgotten
Passado Contínuo was forgetting was being forgotten
Going to is going to forget is goint to be forgotten
Futuro Simples will forget will be forgotten
Futuro Contínuo will be forgetting will be being forgotten
Presente Simples forget/forgets is forgotten
Passado Simples forgot was forgotten
Presente Perfeito has forgotten Has been forgotten
Passado Perfeito had forgotten Had been forgotten
Conditional Simples would forget would be forgotten
Conditional Perfeito would have forgotten would have been red
Can can forget can be forgotten
A - Put the sentences into the Passive Voice.

01 - We followed the leader._______________________________________________________________
02 - The childrenhave lost your keys.________________________________________________________
03 - That man buit the new doghouse._______________________________________________________
04 - Max had corrected all the tests._________________________________________________________
05 - Justice punishes crimes._______________________________________________________________
06 - My brother spent all my money.________________________________________________________
07 - The girls would accept your inivitation.__________________________________________________
08 - He is showing the pictures.____________________________________________________________
09 - They will clinmb that mountain.________________________________________________________
10 - We heard a beautiful song.____________________________________________________________
Quando o verbo tiver dois objetos, qualquer um deles pode ser o sujeito da passiva.
John told me a story.
A story was told to me (by John).
I was told a story (by John).
B - Put the sentences into the Passive Voice.

01 - She tells us stories every night._________________________________________________________
02 - He explained the theory to us.__________________________________________________________
03 - Donald will send a card to Betty.________________________________________________________
04 - We have given a book to them._________________________________________________________
05 - They offered her some flowers._________________________________________________________
Outros verbos que podem ter dois objetos:
ask send promise pay tell
offer teach show give explain
*PASSIVE VOICE - EXTRA EXERCISES* # HAND OUT 06
#
A - Write the two possibilities of passive voice for the sentences below.
01 - They give my little sister a ticket, too
a)____________________________________________________________________________
b)____________________________________________________________________________
02 - People will show the visitors the new buidings.
a)____________________________________________________________________________
b)____________________________________________________________________________
03 - Someone has already paid the electrician for his work

a)____________________________________________________________________________
b)____________________________________________________________________________
04 - They will ask us all several questions.
a)____________________________________________________________________________
b)____________________________________________________________________________
05 - They promise us higher wages.

a)____________________________________________________________________________
b)____________________________________________________________________________
06 - Somebody will tell you what time the train leaves.
a)____________________________________________________________________________
b)____________________________________________________________________________
07 - Someone ordered the prisioners to stand up.

a)____________________________________________________________________________
b)____________________________________________________________________________
08 - Somebody recommended me to another doctor.
a)____________________________________________________________________________
b)____________________________________________________________________________
09 - Someone taught him French and gave him a dictionary.

a)____________________________________________________________________________
b)____________________________________________________________________________
10 - They will allow each boy a second plate of ice-cream.
a)____________________________________________________________________________
b)____________________________________________________________________________
11 - The authorities refused Cyril a passport.

a)____________________________________________________________________________
b)____________________________________________________________________________
12 - When we first met, they had already offered me a job at the bank.
a)____________________________________________________________________________
b)____________________________________________________________________________
A Voz Passiva é usada também em algumas expressões comuns da língua inglesa.
Follow the model:
00 - Voz Ativa: People say that he is rich.
Voz Passiva: It is said that he is rich.
Voz Passiva: He is said to be rich.
Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the Passive voice.
01 - Voz Ativa: People say that figs are better for us than bananas.
Voz Passiva: It ___________________________that figs are better for us than banannas.
Voz Passiva: Figs__________________________to be better for us than bananas.
02 - Voz Ativa: Everybody thinks that she sings well.

Voz Passiva: It______________________________ that she sings well.
Voz Passiva: She ____________________________ to sing well.
03 - Voz Ativa: They suppose that we help the poor.

Voz Passiva: It_______________________________ that we help the poor.
Voz Passiva: We _____________________________ to help the poor.
04 - Voz Ativa: Students say that the professor is lovely.

Voz Passiva: It ___________________________that the professor is lovely.
Voz Passiva: She__________________________to be lovely.
05 - Voz Ativa: People believe that this action will be the last chance for the poor comunity.
Voz Passiva: It_______________ that this action will be the last chance for the poor comunity.
Voz Passiva: This action _____________________ to be the last chance for the poor comunity.
06 - Voz Ativa: Everybody supposes that we are going to sign the agreement.
Voz Passiva: It_______________________________ that we are going to sign the agreement.
Voz Passiva: We _____________________________ to sign the agreement.
07 - Voz Ativa: Everybody knows that sun shines every day.

Voz Passiva: It_______________________________ that sun shines every day.
Voz Passiva: The sun _____________________________ to shine every day.
08 - Voz Ativa: People think that land will become the new library of the city.
Voz Passiva: It________________________ that land will become the new library of the city.
Voz Passiva: That land __________________________ to become the new library of the city.
09 - Voz Ativa: People believe that chinese will be spoken all over the world, soon.
Voz Passiva: It______________________ that chinese will be spoken all over the world, soon.
Voz Passiva: Chinese ___________________________ to be spoken all over the world, soon.
PHRASAL VERBS
Definição: Phrasal Verbs são combinações idiomáticas de um verbo e uma preposição ou de um verbo e
um advébio. Estudaremos o verbos preposicionados:
a) Em alguns casos pode-se intercalar um substantivo ou um pronome entre o verbo e a preposição.
I put on the coat. I put the coat on. I put it on.
b) Os verbos que não permitem essa intercalação encontram-se assinalados com asterisco (*).
# To Call Chamar
Call for Exigir, requerer This works calls for a lot of patience.
Call in Convidar A specialist was called in to give an opinion.
Call off Cancelar The game was called off because of the rain.
Call up Telefonar Call me up tomorrow morning, will you?
# To Come vir
Come across * Encontrar por acaso I came across some old letters yesterday.
Come down Descer Come down from that tree!
Come in Entrar Come in, please!
Come off Sair, desprender-se The stamp came off the envelope.
Come on Entrar em cena Finally the actor came on. Come on, don’t be silly
Come out Sair I saw a man coming out of that building
Come up Subir, surgir Come up to my office, will you? Some doubts came up during the
meeting.
# To Get Obter, adquirir

Get along with * Dar-se bem com alguém Peter gets along with his classmates.
Get away Escapar The biggest fish is always ”the one that got away”
Get away with Safar-se The criminal got away with a five year sentence.
Get in * Entrar How did the dog get in here?
Get into * Entrar The thief got into the house through a window.
Get off * Descer She got off the bus and went into a drugstore.
Get on * Subir, montar em He got on his horse and rode away.
Get on with Continuar Get on with your work!
Get out Sair Get out of here!
Get over * Superar, livrar-se de Have you got over your cold?
Get over with Terminar, acabar Let’s get it over with! (Vamos acabar com isso!)
Get up * Levantar-se What time did you get up this morning?
# To give Dar
Give away Doar She gave away all her old dresses.
Give back Devolver I promise to give the book back to you by the end of the week.
Give in Ceder, entregar-se The pressure was so great that the President finally gave in.
Give off Exalar These flowers give off a very pleasant aroma.
Give onto Dar (vista) para My room gives onto the garden.
Give up Desistir Don’t give up because of such a small problem!
# To Go Ir
Go after Ir atrás, perseguir The police went after the robbers.
Go at Atacar, lançar-se The boxer went at his opponent with grerat fury.
sobre
Go away Ir embora Don’t go away, Iwant to speak to you!
Go down Descer Let’s go down to the kitchen and have something to eat.
Go for Ir buscar I’m going to the drugstore for some aspirins.
Go off Explodir The bomb went off, killing several people.
Go on Continuar Go on writing, don’t le me interrupt you!
Go out Sair Mary went out with her friends last night.
Go over Rever, repassar Let’s go over the lesson on the present perfect.
Go with Combinar com Brown shoes don’t go well with a black suit
Go up Subir The elevator went up to the 22nd floor.
# To look Olhar
Look after * Cuidar de Will you please look after the children while I’m out?
Look at Olhar para Look that beautiful moon!
Look down on Menosprezar It’s typical of him to be always looking down on the other people.
Look for Procurar I’m looking for Paul. Have you seen him?
Look Forward Aguardar W’re looking forward to the holidays.
ansiosamente
Look into * Examinar, analisar The board of Directors will look into this matter during today’s
meeting.
Look out * Tomar cuidado Look out! That car almost hit you!
Look up Consultar (livro) If you don’t know the meaning of a word, look it up in the
dictionary.
# To Make Fazer
Make into Transformar Some football players are made into national heroes.
Make off Fugir, escapar The thieves made off with a lot of money.
Make out Preencher Mr. Jones made out a cheque for $ 500,000.00
(cheque)
Make out Entender, captar I simply can’t make out what he’s trying to say.
Make up Inventar, criar Cathy’s good at making up stories for children.
Make up fazer as pazes After a big quarrel, Bill and Nancy made up.
# To put Pôr, colocar
Put aside Guardar, economizar Betty’s putting some money aside for her trip to Europe.
Put away Guardar pôr no lugar Johnny, please, put your books away!
Put off Adiar The test was put off because the teacher got sick.
Put on Vestir Gloria put on her yellos sweater.
Put out Pôr para fora Put the dog out, will you?
Put up Hospedar, alojar Can you put me up for tonight?
Put up with Tolerar, suportar The boss won’t put up with that!
# To run correr
Run after Correr atrás The dog ran after the cat but couldn’t catch it.
Run away Fugir The boy ran away from home.
Run down Escorrer Tears ran down her cheeks,
Run into* Encontrar I ran into na old friend the other day.
inesperadamente
Run out of * ficar sem We’ve run out of sugar. Will you please go and buy some?
Run over Atropelar The child was run over by a car.
# To take Tomar, levar

Take after* Puxar, assemelhar-se a Helen took after her mother.
Take away Levar embora Please, take the dishes away; we’ve fisnished eating.
Take down Anotar The teacher told the students to take down some notes.
Take in Enganar, ludibriar Nobody likes to be taken in.
Take off Tirar, despir It’s warm in here, so take off your coat.
Take off Decolar, levantar vôo The plane going to Paris took off at midnight.
Take on Contratar, admitir Our company is taking on new workers.
Take out Levar para fora I’m taking Johnny out for a walk.
Take over Assumir chefia, direção When Mr Cardoso died, his son took over the company.
A- Complete the sentences using the Phrasal Verbs.

01 - The robbers____________the bank throug a back-door and_______with a lot of
money.(entraram- escaparam)
02 - We’ve _______________beer. I’m _________to the supermarket__________some.(estamos
sem; buscar)
03 - Mary____________me_____________to say that the meeting had been________(telefonou;
adiado)
04 - ___________! You were almost__________by that car! (cuidado; atropelado)
05 - Charles___________ his dirty jeans and__________clean trousers before going to the restaurant.
(tirou; vestiu)
06 - I_______________the thief but unfortunaltely he_____________(corri atrás; safou-se, escapou)
07 - This job ___________________________________________________a lot of patience. (exige)
08 - After he_____________his books_________, Johnny_______________to paly with his friends.
(guardou; saiu)
09 - Who’s going to______________your dog when you_______________on vacation? (cuidar; sair)
10 - While walking along Main Sstreet yesterday, I___________an old friend of mine. (encontrei
inesperadamente)
11 - Don and Bob used to be enemies, but now they’ve____________(fizeram as pazes)
12 - After Mr Willians___________his position as chairman, his son___________the company.
Desistiu de, abandonou; assumiu a direção)
UPON MY WORD!
We all seem to be hang up We put up with, use up, come up, butter up, line up, punch up and belly up.
Houses are opened, lighted up, warmed up, cleaned up and closed up. Motors are fired up, gassed up and charged
up. Boats are speeded up, slowed up, tied up and laid up.
If we are mixed up, we must hurry up and shape up or we’ll be fouled up.
And heaven help us, we up with 7-up.If you think up other examples, don’t call me up. I’m up the wall with up. I
give up!
ADVERBS
ADVÉRBIO é uma palavra ou conjunto de palavras usado quando se quer acrescentar uma
circunstância a uma situação, tal como lugar, tempo, intensidade, etc.
ADVÉRBIOS INTERROGATIVOS
Advérbios Tradução Exemplos
why por que Why did you miss your class yesterday?
when quando When did you go there?
where onde Where did you leave your pen?
how como How do you come here?
how much quanto (a) How much money do you have?
how many quantos (as) How many students are there here?
how old quantos anos / qual a idade How old is your sister?
how long qual o comprimento How long long is this room?
(há) quanto tempo How long have you studied English?
how wide qual a largura How wide is that classroom?
how tall qual a altura How tall are you?
how often com que freqüência How often do you go to school?
how far qual a distância How far did you go?
how deep qual a profundidade How deep was the river?
ADVÉRBIOS DE FREQÜÊNCIA
Already: já Repeatedly: repetidamente
Always (100%): sempre Seldom- rarely: raramente
Daily : diariamente Sometimes (40%) às vezes, algumas vezes
Ever- já , sempre, nunca Still : ainda (afirmativa)
Monthly: mensalmente Twice: duas vezes
Never (0%): nunca Usually (80%): generally: geralmente
Occasionally: ocasionalmente, de vez em quando Weeklly: semanalmente
Often, frequently: freqüentemente Yearly: anualmente
Once: uma vez Yet – ainda (negativa)
Regularly: regularmente
Still: ainda (afirmativa)
Now and then Day by day: dia a dia, aos poucos
Once in a while} de vez em quando Again and again: repetidamente
Off and on Over and over:
now and again Day in day out: constantemente
every other day: um dia sim, um dia não; Hardly ever: raramente, quase nunca
cada dois dias
Posição
Os adverbs of frequency são usados geralmente antes do verbo principal. Com o verbo to be aparecem
depois. Exemplos:
He always studies his lesson. You are often tired, aren’t you?
They have never seen him before.
Notas
Às vezes, alguns destes advérbios podem vir no início da oração. Exemplo:
Sometimes I visit my friends on weekends.
Os adverbs of frequency de sentido negativo (never e seldom, principalmente) podem vir também no
início da oração, só que com a inversão do sujeito e do verbo (como se fosse uma pergunta). Exemplo:
Never have they seem him before.
Os adverbs formados com (every day, every year, etc) são considerados de freqüência, mas usados no
início ou no final da oração. Exemplo:
The Gordons travel abroad every year.
Também são considerados adverbs of frequency e usados no final da oração os advérbios daily,
monthly, weeklly e yearly. Exemplo:
Janet visit her parents , weeklly.
ADVÉRBIOS DE MODO
Os advérbios de modo são normalmente formados pelo acréscimo de -ly ao adjetivo
Active – actively (ativamente) Quick – quickly (rapidamente)
Bold – boldly (corajosamente) Quiet – quietly (tranquilamente)
Calm – calmly (calmamanete) Sincere – sincerely (sinceramente)
Careful – carefully (cuidadosamente) Slow – slowly (vagarosamente)
Notas
Os adjetivos terminados em Y trocam o Y por I antes de receber -ly. Exemplos:
Easy – easily (facilmente) Lucky – luckily (felizmente, por sorte)
Happy – happily (alegremente)
A terminação E geralmente é mantida. Exemplos:
Immediate – immediately (imediatamente) Sincere – sincerely (sinceramente)
Mas:
True – truly (verdadeiramente) Whole – wholly (inteiramente)
Adjetivos terminados em -able e -ible apenas trocam o E final por Y. Exemplos:

Comfortable – comfortably (confortavelmente) Sensible – sensibly (sensatamente)
Há ainda outras expressões que funcionam com um adverb of manner. Exemplos:

He traveled by plane. She speaks in a low voice.
Posição
Os adverbs of manner são usados após o objeto ou após o verbo (quando não houver objeto).
Exemplos:
She drives slowly. They do the execises carefully.
Bob speaks French well .
ADVÉRBIO DE LUGAR
Abroad – no exterior Indoors – dentro
Ahead – adiante; à frente Inward – para dentro
Anywhere – em qualquer lugar Near – perto
Away – distante Nearby – nas proximidades; perto
Close – perto; junto Next door – na casa ao lado
Downstairs – no andar de baixo Nowhere – em nenhum lugar
Eastward – para o leste Outdoors – fora
Everywhere – em todo o lugar Somewhere – em algum lugar
Far – longe There – ali – lá
Halfway – a meio caminho Toward (preposição) – em direção a, para
Here – aqui Underwater – debaixo d’água
Hitherto – até aqui; até agora; até este ponto Upstairs – no andar de cima
Far and wide – por toda a parte On shore – em terra firme
On board – a bordo To and from – para lá e para cá
Notas
Há substantivos que, acompanhados de preposições, formam adverbs of place. Exemplos:
at home – em casa in front of the house – em frente à casa
in the office - no escritório under the table – debaixo da mesa
Posição
Os adverbs of place são usados após o objeto ou após o verbo (quando não houver objeto).Exemplos:
My father is watching TV upstaris. We live in Brazil .
He is traveling abroad..
ADVÉRBIOS E LOCUÇÕES ADVERBIAIS DE NEGAÇÃO, AFIRMAÇÃO E DÚVIDA

By all means – certamente No, not – não
By no means – de maneira alguma None of that – nada disso
Certainly – certamente (sem dúvida alguma) Not at all – de forma alguma
Doubtless, undoubtedly – indubitavelmente Of course – naturalmente
Indeed – na realidade, efetivamente Possibly – possivelmentye
In fact – de fato, na verdade Surely – certamente (com alguma dúvida)
In no case – em hipótese alguma very likely – provavelmente
Maybe – perhaps – talvez Yes – sim
Notas
Certos advérbios e locuções adverbiais de sentido negativo ou restritivo podem ser colocados no início
da oração, causando a inversão do verbo como numa oração interrogativa.
Entre estes advérbios, estão: never, seldom. Hardly, not only, etc. Exemplos:
Never before I had been asked to accept that. Seldom do we see her in such a bad shape.
ADVÉRBIOS DE TEMPO
Afterwards – depois Once, then – então, antigamente
At once – imediatamente Presently – em breve, agora
Before – antes Since – desde então
early – cedo Soon – em breve
Formerly - antigamente Shortly = em breve
Immediately – imediatamente Still – ainda
Just – no exato momento Then – então
Late – tarde Today – hoje
Now – agora Tomorrow – amanhã
Nowadays – hoje em dia Yesterday – ontem
All at once – de repente At once – imediatamente
All of a sudden – de repente Once and for all – de uma vez por todas
At first – inicIalmente From now on – doravante
At last , at length – finalmente Sooner or later – mais cedo ou mais tarde
After all – afinal de contas Up to now – até agora
At present - atualmente
Notas
Há substantivos que, acompanhados de preposições, formam adverbs of time.. Exemplos:
After his birthday – depois do seu aniversário On the wekend no final de semana.
Before holidays – antes das férias
As expressões formadas por dias da semana, meses, anos, estações, feriados e períodos do dia,
precedidas de preposição e, há ainda outras expressões referentes a tempo que funcionam como adverbs
of time. Exemplos:
At cristmas – no Natal On Monday – na Segunda-feira
At six o’clock – às seis horas In a few weeks – em algumas semanas
During the winter – durante o inverno Last year – no ano passado
In January – em janeiro Next month – no próximo mês
In the morning – de manhã This year – neste ano
In 1994 – em 1994 Two days ago – dois dias atrás
Posição
Os adverbs of time podem ser usados após o objeto, após o verbo (quando não houver objeto ou no
início da oração. Exemplos:
Tomorrow he will study his lesson. He will study his lesson tomorrow.
Notas
Quando há vários advérbios na mesma oração, usa-se a seguinte ordem:
MODO + LUGAR + TEMPO
He plays the piano very well at the hotel on Sundays.
modo lugar tempo
Se o verbo for de movimento (deslocamento) a ordem passa a ser a seguinte:
LUGAR + MODO + TEMPO
Helen traveled to Japan by plane last week.
lugar modo tempo
Quando há varios adverbs of time na mesma oração, inicia-se pelo mais específico, até chegar ao mais
genérico. Exemplo:
She came here at six o’clock in the morning on Monday.
ADVÉRBIOS E LOCUÇÕES ADVERBIAIS DE INTENSIDADE

about – cerca de, quase Much – muito (com comparativos)
Absolutely – absolutamente Nearly= almost – quase, aproximadamente
Almost – quase Next to nothing – quase nada
at most – no máximo on the whole – ao todo
Barely – somente, apenas Only – somente
Completely – completamente Over – excessivamente, mais de
Enough – bastante, o suficiente, Quite – completamente, um tanto
suficientemente Rather – bastante, razoavelmente (para coisas
Entirely, wholly – inteiramente desagradáveis
Equally – igualmente Really – realmente
Extremely – extremamente Slightly – ligeiramente, um pouco
Fairly – bastante, razoavelmente (para coisas Scarcely=hardly=barely= - quase não, mal
agradáveis) So – tão
in full – por extenso to a certain extent – até certo ponto
Little – pouco To a great extent – em grande parte
Little by little – pouco a pouco too – demais
more or less – mais ou menos Very- muito
Notas
Os advérbios de intensidade são normalmente, colocados antes das palavras que eles estão modificando,
adjetivo, verbo, ou outro advérbio. Enough é uma exceção, pois vem depois de um adjetivo ou
advérbio. Exemplos:
It was too hot to work. I know her quite well.
He can nearly swim. The box isn’t big enough.
(Compare: He has enough books to build up a library.)
Os advérbios barely, hardly e scarcely (assim como rarely e seldom) dão um sentido negativo à oração,
pois atribuem menos relevância ao fato expresso pelo verbo. Exemplos:
I hardly go to the movies. I could scarcely hear the bell
Eu quase não vou ao cinema. Eu quase não consegui ouvir aa campanhia.
Posição
Os advérbios de intensidade podem ser usados antes de:
a) um adjetivo b) um verbo c) um outro advérbio
That is too easy. My teacher speaks English very well.
They almost spent all their money yesterday.
Os seguintes advérbios possuem a mesma forma do adjetivo:

Early – cedo Hard – duramente Late- tarde Much – muito
Far- longe High – alto Long por um longo tempo near – próximo
Fast – velozmente Last – por último Low – baixo straight - diretamente
ADVERBS – I
TIME:
Em final de frases. No início de frases. Após o verbo auxiliar. Antes de verbo principal.
NOW SOON STILL TODAY TOMORROW THEN LATELY YET

agora breve ainda hoje amanhã então ultimamente ainda, já
He used to have beard, then. # Yet deve ser usado no final de frases negativas ou
Soon he will understand our reasons. interrogativas com o Present Perfect Tense.
The children are still studying. Have you been to Tom’s yet?
No, I haven’t been to Tom’s yet.
FREQUENCY:
Antes de verbos principais. Após verbos auxiliares.
ALWAYS NEVER OFTEN SELDOM RARELY ONCE

sempre nunca freqüentemente raramente raramente uma vez
He is always in a hurry. We have never visited China. She often sings for us.
MANNER (LY): Em final de frases. Após o verbo auxiliar. Antes de verbo principal.
SLOWLY KINDLY WELL FAST OTHERWISE

lentamente gentilmente bem depressa de outro modo, ao contrário
That car runs fast. • OTHERWISE deve ser usado após o verbo
You could kindly ask him to leave. principal.
This medicine is to be taken in small doses, for
taken otherwise it could be harmful.
EXERCISES
A- Faça como no modelo.
How often do you go to the movies? (once a month)
I go to the movies once a month.
01 - How often has she had driving lessons? (never – before)
_______________________________________________________________________________
02 - How often do you watch sports on TV? (always – twice a week)
_______________________________________________________________________________
03 - How often did they go out in the evening? (rarely)
_______________________________________________________________________________
04 - How often has Mrs. Vieira felt depressed ? (once)
_______________________________________________________________________________
05 - How often is your boss in a bad mood? (everyday)
_______________________________________________________________________________
06 - How often are you able to get through to Vera? (seldon)
_______________________________________________________________________________
B- Faça como no modelo.

When wasn’t he feeling well? (yesterday)
He wasn’t feeling well yesterday.
01 - When are you going to the post office? (today – in the afternoon)
_______________________________________________________________________________
02 - When will she be able to come to school again? (next week)
_______________________________________________________________________________
03 - When did our strategic plan come off? (during the company’s annual meeting – last week)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
04 - When did you turn down that good job offer? (two days ago)
_______________________________________________________________________________
05 - When is the music festival going to be fixed up? (soon – say, in a few days)
_______________________________________________________________________________
06 - When will the new contract be drawn up? (tomorrow)
_______________________________________________________________________________
C - Faça como no modelo.

How did he leave the room? (noisily)
He left the room noisily.
He noisily left the room.
01 - How did that terrible accident happen? (quickly)

_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
02 - How do you ask someone to go on with something? (kindly)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
03 - How has that factory laid of some of its workers? (by way of written letters)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
04 - How has your daddy cut back on your weekly allowance? (unexpectedly)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
05 - How should I clean my shoes? (carefully)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
06 - How is she doing in her final exams? (very well)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
D - Passe para o inglês as frases a seguir.
01 - Ele tocou cuidadosamente as bochechas de Wanda.

_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
02 - Aquele trabalhador está em dificuldades. Ele mal ganha para comprar comida para sua família todos
os dias.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
03 - Eu sempre me lembro do tempo em que costumava me divertir pintando desenhos com aquarela.
_______________________________________________________________________________
04 - A enfermeira nos pediu gentilmente que esperássemos até o dia seguinte para falarmos com o Dr.
Delamare.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
B- Assinale a opção correta.
01 - For some unexpected reasons I could not sleep_________last night

a) well d) otherwise
b) always e) now
c) never
02 - Ricardo was not tall enough to play basketball________________.

a) always d) lately
b) never e) now
c) then
03 - We had seen him____________ shaking his head with happiness before.

a) longer d) slowly
b) tomorrow e) next Sunday
c) yesterday
04 - His mother has warned him________ not to be a troublemaker at school.
a) many times d) several
b) yesterday e) seldom
c) a week ago
05 - ____________common gestures mean__________different things to different cultures.

a) Surprising - seldom d) Surprinsigly - slowly
b) Surprinsigly - well e) Surprinsigly - very
c) Surprising - fast
ADVERBS – II – DOUBT, PLACE, DEGREE OR INTENSITY
DOUBT:
No início de frases. Após o verbo auxiliar. Antes de verbo principal.
MAYBE PERHAPS PROBABLY POSSIBLY

talvez talvez provavelmente possivelmente
Perhaps I should talk to your mother, first. She has probably lost herself.
PLACE:
No início de frases. Em final de frases.
HERE THERE EVERYWHERE

aqui aí, lá em todo lugar
You’ll find happiness here. Here is where you can find happiness.
DEGREE OR INTENSITY – Usos e sentidos diversos, dependendo do advérbio.

Em final de frases. Após o verbo auxiliar. Antes de verbo principal.
HARDLY VERY ENOUGH

dificilmente muito suficiente, suficientemente
Antes de adjetivos e advérbios Após adjetivos / advérbios e antes de substantivos.
He is very tall.(adjetivo) I’ve worke hard enough for a day.(advérbio)
He walked very slowly. (advérbio) She has enough money to travel abroad.(substantivo)
BESIDES - MOREOVER HOWEVER

além disso por mais... que
Têm o sentido de “a mais”. “ademais”. Antes de adjetivos e advérbios.
I can’t go now. Besides/Moreover my passport James won’t win, however hard he tries.(adjetivo)
is out-of-date.
ADVERBS (III) – SO... THAT..., EVER
POSITION OF ADVERBS
SO... THAT... Uma idéia é conseqüência de outra.

tão/ tanto... que... He is also so tall that he can hardly find proper clothes.
EVER Em frases interrogativas com os tempos Perfect

já, alguma vez Em frases afirmativas.
EVER WHOEVER : quem quer que...
Formas Derivadas WHATEVER: O que quer que...
WHEREVER: Onde quer que
WHENEVER: Quando quer que.../Sempre que...
Identificação imprecisa (tempo, lugar, pessoa, etc.)
Have you ever been to Berlin?
This is the most beautiful girl you’ll ever see.
Do whatever you want to do.
POSITION OF ADVERBS MANNER + PLACE + TIME

I Will do the job carefully at home tomorrow
Com Verbos de Movimento PLACE + MANNER + TIME

She traveled to Belgium by train in 1994.
EXERCISES
A- Combine as colunas.
A- ( ) My friend has probably made a mistake.

B- ( ) Perhaps we should ask for the help of an expert, don’t yo think so?
C- ( ) Maybe the weather will stay will stay fine.
D- ( ) We can possibly win a free holiday.
E- ( ) Alice is right there, next to that vending machine.
F- ( ) He’s not qualified for this job, he can hardly use a computer.
G- ( ) Yes, there are police cars everywhere.
H- ( ) She’ll never be a good singer however hard she tries.
I- ( ) Fábio certainly did not have enough wisdom to handle the situation.
J- ( ) Don’t worry, you’re better than mim. Besides, you are younger.
K- ( ) She’s got so sad that she hardly leaves home now.
L- ( ) Whenever you need any help, just let me know
M- ( ) Oh, really? Has she ever been so self- conceited before?
N- ( ) They are certainly the most friendly people you’ll ever meet.
01 - Do you happen to know where Alice is?

02 - I’m not sure whether I’m doing well or not at school.
03 - It seems that there’s been a robbery in the neighborhood.
04 - Thank you, you’ve been very kind.
05 - There are many figures in this report that we do not understand.
06 - Mariana always sings out of tune, it’s terrible.
07 - Do you think I can beat João Carlos at tennis?
08 - I would like to go fishing next Saturday, but I’m afraid it rains.
09 - Eliana said that she is the most beautiful girl in school.
10 - Your friend told me that you owe him a lot of fafvors.
11 - The Silveiras are very friendly, aren’t they?
12 - Why should you choose that travel agency?
13 - Fábio was very rude with some of his subordinates yesterday at the meeting.
14 - Silvana’s husband died of a heart attack last month.
15 - I think Geraldo is the right person for this job.
B- Assinale a opção correta.
01 - We are close_____________not to have secrets between us.

a) ever d) enough
b) hardly e) however
c) possibly
02 - Sometimes it seems that your thoughts are_______strange_______people think you are a little
bit crazy.
a) ever - possibly d) whatever - maybe
b) so - that e) however - enough
c) enough - perhaps
03 - A: What do you mean you don’t know Bia?

B: I don’t . You are____________ taking her for Carla, my ex-girlfriend.
a) probably d) “a” and “b” are correct.
b) possibly e) “b” and “c” are correct.
c) however
04 - I can’t eat both watercress and radish_________well prepared they are.

a) however d) there
b) perhaps e) hardly
c) ever
05 - __________________seen snow?
a) Have your child ever d) Ever has your child
b) Has ever your child e) Your child ever has.
c) Has your child ever
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES I
A oração condicional expressa uma condição e sempre aparece ligada a uma oração prinicipal.
As orações condicionais podem expressar:
a) condição provável, usando o presente simples e o futuro simples.
Ex.: If she has money. She will go to the movies.
b) condição improvável, usando o passado simples e o condicional simples.
Ex.: If she had money, she would go to the movies.
c) condição impossível, usando o passado perfeito e o condicional perfeito.
Ex.: If she had had money, she would have gone to the movies.
CONDITIONAL CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
Simple Present Simple Future
Simple Past Would = Infinitivo (sem to)
Past Perfect Would have + Particípio
A - Supply the correct form of the verbs in parentheses.

01 - If he ________________________(call) I will speak with him.
02 - If you _____________________(study) hard, you will pass your examoination.
03 - If I find your money, I ______________________(give) it to you.
04 - If we have time, we ____________________________(visit) her.
05 - If you arrive on time, we_________________________ (have) lunch together.
B - Supply the correct form of the verbs in parentheses.
01 - I would buy a car If I _____________________________(know) how to drive.
02 - We____________________________(go) to the beach if we hadn’t so much work to do.
03 - If I _____________________________(have) money, I would travel abroad.
04 - If we met her, we____________________________ (give) her your message.
05 - If we_________________________(leave) now, we would arrive there on time.
C - Supply the correct form of the verbs in parentheses.
01 - If it had rained, you ___________________________________(have) a bad time at the beach.
02 - If he _________________________________________(arrive), he would have looked for you.
03 - They would have answered your question if they______________________(know) the answer.
04 - She ____________________________________________(cry) a lot of if she had missed him.
05 - He ____________________________________________(arrive) if he had taken the right turn.
D- Supply the correct form of the verbs in parentheses.
01 - If the weather is fine, we______________________________________(go) to the mountains.
02 - They ____________________________________(learn) the lesson if they had paid attention.
03 - We________________________________________(go) to the movies if we had had money.
04 - She_____________________________________________(tell) you the story if you ask her.
05 - I ___________________________________________________(invitel) Paul if I knew him.
06 - If they ______________________________________________(ask me), I will tell the truth.
07 - If we had money, we_______________________________________(take) a trip to Europe.
08 - We would have gone to the party if they___________________________________(invite) us.
09 - He would have fewer accidents if he_____________________________(drive) more carefully.
10 - I’ll explain everything again if she _________________________________(not understand) it.
11 - She would have visited us if she ________________________________________(have) time.
12 - If it_________________________(rain), you won’t go out.
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES I
A oração condicional expressa uma condição e sempre aparece ligada a uma oração prinicipal.
As orações condicionais podem expressar:
d) condição provável, usando o presente simples e o futuro simples.
Ex.: If she has money. She will go to the movies.
e) condição improvável, usando o passado simples e o condicional simples.
Ex.: If she had money, she would go to the movies.
f) condição impossível, usando o passado perfeito e o condicional perfeito.
Ex.: If she had had money, she would have gone to the movies.
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES II
Casos Especiais:
1. O verbo to be no passado tem a forma were para todas as pessoas quando aparece em orações
condicionais.
Ex.: I wouldn’t go out tonight if I were you.
2. Quando se deseja expressar verdades universais ou leis naturais, os verbos das duas orações podem
aparecer no presente simples.
Ex.: Metals expand if you heat them.
3. Pode-se usar o presente simples com o imperativo.
Ex.: If you have any problem call me.
4. Quando na frase houver had ou were, pode-se omitir o if fazendo-se a inversão do verbo com o
sujeito.
Ex.: If John had arrived early, he would have seen the show.
Had John arrived early, he would have seen the show.
5. Unless (se não a menos que) pode ser usado em lugar de if not. - Whether or not ( quer... ou não)
Ex.: Bill won’t come to the party if you don’t invite him. I’ll go swimming whether or not it rains.
Bill won’t come to the party unless you invite him.
A - Supply the correct form of the verb to be.

01 - I would go to the party if Mary ________________there.
02 - If he____________ alive, he would like to know you.
03 - He wouldn’t come here if he________________late.
04 - If I ______________you, I wouldn’t talk to her now.
05 - If the weather _____________good, we would go out for a walk.
06 - If it ____________hot, we would go outside.
07 - I would visit her if she ___________ sick.
B - Transform the sentences omiting if.
01 - If they had gone out they would have caught a cold._________________________________________
02 - If he were present, he would agree with you._______________________________________________
03 - She would have answered the phone if she had been nearby.__________________________________
04 - If we were late, we would miss the train.__________________________________________________
05 - What would you do if you were rich?____________________________________________________
06 - If I were rich. I would live by the sea.____________________________________________________
07 - If he had more time, he would have finished the test.________________________________________
08 - If he were here, he would help me.______________________________________________________
C - Supply unless or if.
01 - You mustn’t go out_______________ I tell you to.
02 - _________________he doesn’t pay me, I will call my lawyer.
03 - Don’t go there_________________ she calls you.
04 - I won’t go out with him___________________ he dosen’t come on time.
05 - ________________she invites me, I won’t go to the party.
D- Supply the Present Tense of the verbs in parentheses.
01 - People __________________(die) if they don’t breath.
02 - Wood___________________(float) if you put it in water.
03 - If dogs are frightened, they____________________(bark)
04 - Water_____________________(boil) if the temperature reaches 100 degrees Celsius.
05 - I f the temperature is below zero, water ___________________(freeze).
E - Supply the Imperative of the verbs in parentheses.
01 - If you don’t know the answers,_______________________(ask) me.
02 - __________________(call) me if Jane arrives late.
03 - If John is upset, _______________(not talk) to him.
04 - _____________________(go) to the bank if you don’t have any money.
05 - If you are tired,___________________(go) to sleep.
F - Supply the Simple Conditional Tense of the verbs in parentheses.
01 - I____________________________(sing) that song.
02 - They_________________________(call) me in the morning.
03 - Sally_________________________(take) the wrong bus.
04 - He ___________________________(pass) the examination.
05 - Tom _________________________(study) hard.
G - Supply the Conditional Perfect Tense of the verbs in parentheses.
01 - She _____________________________________(write) that letter.
02 - They____________________________________(build) a new house.
03 - I_______________________________________(tell) you the truth.
04 - John____________________________________(study) hard.
05 - We_____________________________________(do) the exercises.
06 - The girls_________________________________(bring) some sandwiches.
H - Ligue as frase formando uma única oração condicional.
The weather is not nice. Sandra will not go to the beach.
If the weather were nice, Sandra would go to the beach.
01 - You will not stay here. You will not meet my friend Paul.
__________________________________________________________________________________
02 - John isn’t your friend. He won’t give you a hand.
__________________________________________________________________________________
03 - The stereo set is not good. I won’t buy it.
__________________________________________________________________________________
04 - Our team doesn’t have better players. We won’t win the game.
__________________________________________________________________________________
05 - I don’t know anything about biology. I won’t be able to help you.
__________________________________________________________________________________
I - Passe para o Inglês
01 - Se o Jorge estivesse aqui, ele poderia nos ajudar.
__________________________________________________________________________________
02 - Se você for à Florida, certamente visitará Disneyworld.
__________________________________________________________________________________
03 - Se eles tivessem visto o Carlos, teriam falado com ele.
__________________________________________________________________________________
04 - Nós compraríamos aquele apartamento se o preço não fosse tão alto.
__________________________________________________________________________________
THE MODAL VERBS – (ANOMALOUS VERBS) – VERBOS ANÔMALOS
“X-ray radiation can theoretically damage genes and cause cancer.”
Características dos Anomalous Verbs

1. Funcionam como verbos auxiliares.
2. Não têm TO em seu infinitivo.
3. Não recebem -S na 3ª pessoa do singular.
Presente Passado Futuro Forma Negativa Expressam capacidade ou habilidade.

CAN COULD WILL BE CAN’T
ABLE TO CANNOT
Poder
She can sail boats, can’t she?

She could sail boats.
She will be able to sail boats.
Presente Passado Futuro Forma Negativa

MAY MIGHT WILL BE ALLOWED TO MAY NOT
WILL BE PERMITTED TO MIGHTN’T
WON’T BE ALLOWED/
PERMITTED TO
Poder Expressam permissão ou possibilidade /
probabilidade.
May she go with us?

She might study for the test.
She will be allowed/permitted to get married.
Presente Passado Futuro Forma Negativa

MUST HAD TO WILL HAVE TO MUSTN’T
(= HAVE TO)
“dever” Expressam algo obrigatório.
3ª pessoa do singular: HAS TO. Funciona como A forma MUSTN’T expressa proibição.
auxiliar ou principal.
I must tell you the truth.

She had to do what she did
We will have to obey the law.
*GRAMMAR AND EXERCISES*
THE MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS I – (ANOMALOUS VERBS) – VERBOS ANÔMALOS

“X-ray radiation can theoretically damage genes and cause cancer.”
Características dos Modal Auxiliary Verbs

2. Não têm TO em seu infinitivo.
3. Não recebem -S na 3ª pessoa do singular.
4. As formas negativa e interrogativa são feitas sem o auxílio do “to do”
Verbs talking about Ability or Capacity: Can (Saber/Poder)

Exprime habilidade, capacidade ou aptidão, mental ou física de fazer algo.
My uncle Max can play the piano (sabe)
And he can carry it too. (pode)
Forma negativa: cannot – (ou a contração can’t)
Capacidade no futuro: will be able to
One day everybody will be able to travel to Mars.( será capaz de)
A - Complete the sentences with Can and cannot/ can’t:
01 - Ghosts are invisible. You __________________see them.

02 - Liza Minelli___________________sing very well, and she_________________dance, too.
03 - You________________________break iron with your teeth. It’s too hard
04 - Blind people____________________see.
05 - We_______________________ survive without expensive clothes,
06 - but we_____________________survive without water.
07 - You _____________________find gold in Serra Pelada, and iron ore in Carajás.
Verbs talking about Ability or Capacity: Could (Sabia/Podia)

Exprime habilidade, capacidade ou aptidão, mental ou física de fazer algo, num passado amplo, geral.
(=was/were/able to).
He could play the piano...(capacidade geral)
when he was a little boy. (num passado amplo e não apenas numa certa ocasião)
Forma negativa: could not – (ou a contração couldn’t)
*Could não pode ser usado para dizer que numa certa ocasião a pessoa pôde, soube, foi capaz de,
consegui fazer algo. Nesse caso usa-se was/were able to
Uncle Max was a great athlete.
He could swim very well. (capacidade geral num passado amplo. Was able to é possível.)
Once he was able to swim from Rio to Niterói. (pôde, soube, conseguiu, foi capaz de) Could não é
possível.
B - Complete the sentences with Can / Can’t – Could / Couldn’t – To Be Able to:
01 - You____________eat an orange, but you __________________eat a lemon. Lemons are too sour.
02 - Penguins have wings, but they____________________fly.
03 - We had a hard test yesterday, but fortunately I ______________________________pass it.
04 - Mozart_________________write music very quickly.
05 - Once he________________write a symphony in two dasys.
06 - I __________________take part in that competition if I wanted to.
07 - She is still taking lessons, but she ___________________________drive very soon.
08 - On December 3rd, 1967, Dr Barnard___________________perform the first human heart transplant.
09 - Monkeys_______________ climb trees, and they________________be very funny.
10 - I hope to _________________go to London next year.
11 - Leonardo da Vinci was a master of painting. He____________paint very well.
12 - Childhood__________________be a very happy period in your life.
THE MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS II
Verbs talking about Permission: Can (Could) – May (Might)

Formal, cerimoniosa: may posso podes, pode etc.
Permissão Informal: can
Para negar permissão may not (enfâtica, quase uma proibição)
cannot
can’t (mais informal)
Ex.: You may not/cannot/can’t read that letter. It’s confidential
Para relatar a respeito de uma permissão, estando o verbo que introduz a sentença no passado, usa-se
could (no lugar de can) e might (no lugar de may).
Father: “You can / may take the car.” (você pode)
Father said that I could might take the car. (Papai disse que eu podia.)
A expressão be allowed to (poder, ter permissão para) substitui can e may nos tempos em que esses
verbos não têm formas próprias. Assim,
No infinitivo: “I want to be allowed to leave early.” (poder)
“I was allowed to leave early.” (pude)
“I will be allowed to leave early.” (poderei)
C - Complete a tradução das seguintes frases:
01 - Can I use the phone? ___________usar o telefone?

02 - In the past women were not allowed to vote . No passado as mulheres___________________votar.
03 - Both schools are good..You can choose. It’s your choice. Ambas as escolas são boas.
_________________escolher . A escolha é sua.
04 - You may stop here for a while, but you may not park the car here. ________________parar aqui
por um momento, mas____________________ ____ estacionar o carro aqui.
05 - The policemen didn’t let me park the car there. He said that I might not park the car there.
O policial não me deixou estacionar o carro lá. Ele disse que ______________ estacionar o carro lá.
06 - When you grow up, you will be allowed to drive. Quando você crescer,_________________dirigir.
07 - You can have tea instead of coffee, if you prefer.____________tomar chá em vez de café, se
preferir.
08 - You are a careful driver, so you may drive my car. But Paul may not as he is too careless.
Você é um motorista cuidadoso, portanto_________ dirigir o meu carro. Mas o Paul___________,
porque ele é descuidado demais.
THE MODAL VERBS – (ANOMALOUS VERBS) – VERBOS ANÔMALOS
Características Gerais dos Anomalous Verbs

1. Não têm conjugação completa (não possuem os tempos primitivos).
2. Não recebem -S na 3ª pessoa do singular do presente simples.
4. Não recebem a partícula to antes , nem depois deles.
CAN
Afirmativa Fluorine can reduce tooth decay.
Negativa Fluorine can not/can’t reduce tooth decay.
Interrogativa Can Fluorine reduce tooth decay?
MAY
Afirmativa Fertilizers may contaminate water.
Negativa Fertilizers may not contaminate water.
Interrogativa May fertilizers contaminate water?
MUST
Afirmativa They must treat polluted water.
Negativa They must not / mustn’t treat polluted water.
Interrogativa Must They treat polluted water.?
ANOMALOUS VERBS - USOS

Observe os exemplos:
He can swim five miles a day.  capacidade

CAN She can arrive before dinner .  possibilidade
Can I talk to you?  permissão
MAY She may arrive before dinner.  capacidade

May I talk to you?  possibilidade
I must study.  obrigação/necessidade

MUST He goes to France every year. He must be rich. dedução
You mustn’t arrive late.  proibição
A - Supply the a) interrogative and b) the negative form of the verbs.
01 - You can add sugar to your coffee.
a) _________________________________________________________________________
b) _________________________________________________________________________
02 - They must work from eight to five.
a) _________________________________________________________________________
b) _________________________________________________________________________
03 - We may find contaminated water in wells.
a) _________________________________________________________________________
b) _________________________________________________________________________
04 - She must be home before midnight.
a) _________________________________________________________________________
b) _________________________________________________________________________
05 - Many communities can treat their water with fluorine
a) _________________________________________________________________________
b) _________________________________________________________________________
06 - We can swim three hours a day.
a) _________________________________________________________________________
b) _________________________________________________________________________
B - Fill in the blanks using can or must

01 - I ___________ study today because I have a testy tomorrow.
02 - My sister ____________play tennis very well.
03 - We ________________wash our clothes; they are very dirty.
04 - My father_______________get up at seven every day because he works in the morning.
05 - Joel____________________swim two kilometers.
C - Fill in the blanks using may or mustn’t.
01 - She is very young. She ______________go out in the evening.

02 - It______________________ rain today.
03 - They __________________arrive late. Their car is broken.
04 - The children ___________________watch that film. It’s very violent.
05 - The party starts at 9. We _________________ arrive there after 9.
D - Complete the sentences with Can and cannot/ can’t:
01 - Ghosts are invisible. You __________________see them.

02 - Liza Minelli___________________sing very well, and she_________________dance, too.
03 - You________________________break iron with your teeth. It’s too hard
04 - Blind people____________________see.
05 - We_______________________ survive without expensive clothes,
06 - but we_____________________survive without water.
07 - You _____________________find gold in Serra Pelada, and iron ore in Carajás.
Verbo Significado Expressa Tempo Contração com not

Can Poder a) capacidade Presente e futuro Can’t
b) possibilidade
c) permissão
May Poder a) possibilidade Presente e futuro May not
b) permissão
Must Dever afirmativa: Presente e futuro Mustn’t
a) obrigação/necessidade
b) dedução
negativa: proibição
E - Complete with can, may, must or mustn’t.

01 - In the future people______________travel to Mars. (possibility)
02 - We _________________reduce air pollution to a safe level. (obligation)
03 - Scientists__________________give precise weather forecasts. (capacity)
04 - You ____________________damage the garden.(prohibition)
05 - They ____________________ see their schedule now. (permission)
06 - I______________take the next train to Glasgow. (obligation)
07 - We _________________order cheap canvas from that store. (possibility)
08 - He lives in the country. He____________________________be a farmer. (deduction)
09 - She _______________________waste her time with that experient. (proibition)
10 - My sister_______________________dance rock-and-roll very well. (capacity)
F - Complete the dialogues

Example: I have a test tomorrow
Study You must study.
01 - I have a headache.
(aspirin) ___________________________________________________________________
02 - I am very cold.
(coat) ___________________________________________________________________
03 - My car is broken.
(taxi) ___________________________________________________________________
04 - Jane is very tired now.

(bed) ___________________________________________________________________
05 - This room is very hot.

(the window) ___________________________________________________________________
*GRAMMAR AND EXERCISES* # HAND OUT __11___#
THE MODAL VERBS – VERBOS ANÔMALOS CAN/COULD – MAY MIGHT
CAN/COULD (Could pode ser usado como passado de can.)

a) Capacidade:
He can swim ten miles a day. – He could swim ten miles yesterday
b) Possibilidade:
She can arrive before dinner. – She could arrive before dinner yesterday.
c) Permissão
I can go to the party early. – I could go to the party early last week.
MAY/MIGHT
a) Permissão:
May I come in? – Might I come in? (mais formal)
b) Possibilidade:
It may rain tonight. – It might rain tonight. (possibilidade mais remota)
May e might podem ter o mesmo uso: presente.
Para indicar passado, geralmente se usa might have.
Observe: He might have arrived; they might have spoken to me.
A - Supply can or could.

01 - Paul _________________play the violin when he was young.
02 - We___________________go to the restaurant after the game today.
03 - I _____________________ see Jane in the concert last week.
04 - My parents__________________ travel to Italy last year.
05 - _____________________you get an invitation for the opera in the afternoon?
06 - _____________________she read this book in two days?
07 - They_____________________speak English and French very well.
08 - _____________________I help you?
09 - My sister ______________________can reproduce this score on the piano.
10 - Water________________________can turn into ice.
B - Supply may or might.

01 - You _____________________easily reproduce the score.
02 - ____________________I talk to you.
03 - The children __________________________spend the day in the club.
04 - _________________________we come in?
05 - The plane____________________________arrive late today.
06 - The Pope ______________________visit Brazil again next year.
07 - The students _______________________use the library to study.
08 - ___________________I drive your new car around the block?
09 - They________________________write to us from Mexico.
10 - Attention. The dog______________________attack you.
THE MODAL VERBS – VERBOS ANÔMALOS – QUADRO GERAL
Can Pode 1. capacidade Presente e futuro Can’t
2. possibilidade
3. permissão
Could Pôde 1. capacidade Passado e Couldn’t
Podia 2. possibilidade condicional
Poderia 3. permissão
May Pode 1. capacidade Presente e futuro May not
2. permissão
Might Pôde 1. permissão mais formal Passado, presente Mightn’t
Podia 2. possibilidade mais remota e condicional
Poderia
Must Deve Afirmativa: Presente e futuro Mustn’t
1. dedução
2. obrigação/necessidade
Negativa: 1. proibição
Can pode ser substituído por to be able to

Presente She can swim.  She is able to swim.
Passado She could swim .  She was able to swim.
Futuro -------------------  She will be able to swim.
Must pode ser substituído por to have to
Presente I must study.  I have to study.
Passado ----------------  I had to study.
Futuro I must study tomorrow.  I will have to study.
A - Put the sentences into a) past; b) future. Follow the model.
00 - My sister can play the violin very well.
a) My sister was able to play the violin very well.
b) My sister will be able to play the violin very well.
01 - The cat must sleep in the garden tonight.
a) _________________________________________________________________________
b) _________________________________________________________________________
02 - The teacher can correct all the tests in one hour.
a) _________________________________________________________________________
b) _________________________________________________________________________
03 - We must prepare our lessons at home.
a) _________________________________________________________________________
b) _________________________________________________________________________
04 - He must study very much to pass.
a) _________________________________________________________________________
b) _________________________________________________________________________
THE MODAL VERBS – VERBOS ANÔMALOS – SHOULD / OUGHT TO
You should pass your examination.
You ought to pass your examination.
Should e ought to são sinônimos.
They should visit their parents every month.
They ought to visit their parents every month.
She should do her homework tomorrow.
She ought to do her homework tomorrow.
Should e ought to são usados para expressar um conselho e a lembrança de um dever no presente e no
futuro.
A - Supply should or ought .

01 - Our class_____________________to study more about Newton’s life.
02 - They ________________________ask the teacher to leave the room.
03 - You_________________________give her a present.
04 - We _________________________arrive at school early tomorrow.There’s a special class.
05 - I____________________________to write to my friends in Italy.
THE MODAL VERBS – VERBOS ANÔMALOS – NEED
Observe os exemplos onde need é anômalo:

He need not to look for his parents.
Need I count all the money?
Quando é anômalo , o verbo need:
a) se necessário, é seguido de verbo no infinitivo sem to;
b) só aparece na negativa e na interrogativa;
c) pode ser usado no presente e no futuro;
d) expressa uma necessidade.
Observe os exemplos onde need é regular:

He needs a pen to write.
Does he need a pen to write?
He doesn’t need a pen to write.
Quando é regular, o verbo need:
a) se necessário, é seguido de verbo no infinitivo com to;
b) é seguido de objeto direto;
c ) expressa também uma necessidade.
A - Supply need (anomalous or regular).

01 - We _____________________think about money. Jane will buy the tickets.(__________________)
02 - He ________________ _____to talk to the director again. (___________________)
03 - _____________she ________________any help yesterday? (__________________)
04 - _________________________she any help today? (____________________)
05 - You _____________________pay me today. (____________________)
Observe os exemplos onde dare é anômalo:
Dare You climb that mountain?
She dare not climb that mountain.
I dared not climb that mountain.
Quando é anômalo , o verbo dare:
a) é sempre seguido de verbo no infinitivo sem to;
b) só aparece na negativa e na interrogativa;
c) pode ser usado no presente, no passado e no futuro;
d) expressa um desafio.
Observe os exemplos onde dare é regular:

I dare you to say that again.
He doesn’t dare to say that again.
Do you dare to say that again?
Quando é regular, o verbo dare:
a) se necessário, é seguido de verbo no infinitivo com ou sem to;
b) é seguido de objeto direto;
c) expressa também um desafio.
A - Supply dare (anomalous or regular).

01 - We _____________________repeat that to him.(__________________)
02 - They ________________ _____to repeat that to me. (___________________)
03 - __________________________she write to you after that terrible situation? (_________________)
04 - ___________she______________to write you after that terrible situation? (_________________)
05 - I _______________________call Jane now. (____________________)
B - Complete the table:

Should Presente e futuro
Ought to
Need Presente e Futuro
Dare Passado, presente

e futuroresente e
futuro
THE MODAL VERBS – VERBOS ANÔMALOS – USED TO/ TO BE USED TO
I used to swim in the river years ago.
Did you use to swim in the river years ago?
I didn’t use to swim in the river years ago.
Used to é usado:
a) para expressar um hábito do passado;
b) somente no passado;
c) seguido de um verbo no infinitivo.
He is used to working in the morning.
Are they used to going to school by bus?
I am used to the noise of the industry.
We aren’t used to the new teacher.
To be used to é usado:
a) para expressar um costume;
b) no presente, passado e futuro;
c) seguido de um verbo com terminação ing ou seguido de objeto direto.
A - Supply used to or to be used to

01 - My father____________________smoke five years ago.
02 - I___________________________watching TV every evening.
03 - Helen_______________________ getting up early.
04 - Helen _______________________get up early
05 - ________________you _______________studying in the morning?
B - Supply should, ought to, need, dare, or used to

01 - I______________________________________ visit Jane. She has been in hospital since last week.
02 - My brother______________________________ be a good football player when he was young.
03 - My father was angry and said, “You_____________________use my car again!”
04 - He isn’t going to the shopping center. He_______________________buy anything.
05 - _____________________she work tomorrow morning? No, it is a holiday tomorrow.
06 - I _______________________swim 3 miles a day last year.
07 - We ___________________________________________leave now. It’s very late.
C - Match the columns.

1. He could play the harpsichord (____) because the concert was very good.
2. I can’t buy a ticket for the concert (____) because she has a lot of money.
3. The audience could ask for encores (____) because it was raining hard.
4. We couldn’t go to the movies (____) because I have no money.
5. Alice can travel every year (____) because he was a prodigy.
*GRAMMAR AND EXERCISES* # HAND OUT _____#
-ING FORMS: PRESENT PARTICIPLE OR GERUND ?
A terminação -ing pode indicar no inglês que o verbo está no Present Participle ou no Gerund.
1. Um verbo com -ing está no Present Participle quando aparece:
a. Nos continuous tenses.
Ex:. She is watching the film now.
b. Funcionando como adjetivo.
Ex:. This is a very interesting film.
c. Após um verbo de percepção.
Ex:. She saw me talking to her mother.
2. Um verbo com -ing está no Gerund quando aparece:
a. Funcionando como sujeito de uma oração.
Ex:. Smoking is harmful to your health.
b. Após uma preposição.
Ex:. The student is tired of writing.
c. Depois de certos verbos como: appreciate, avoid, deny, enjoy, finish, keep, mind, risk e stop.
Ex:. Joan enjoys dancing with her brother.
d. Após algumas expressões como: can’t help, it’s no good, it’s no use, be worth e feel like..
Ex:. It’s no use talking to him now. It’s worth studying a foreing language.
Notas ortográficas relativas ao Present Participle e ao Gerund

Ex:. It’s no use talking to him now. It’s worth studying a foreing language.
 Formamos o Present Participle e o Gerund acrescentando -ing ao verbo
 Verbos terminados em E perdem essa letra e recebem -ing .
Ex:. to arrive - arriving to leave - leaving
Exceções
a.  to be - being
b.  Verbos terminados em EE, YE, OE,e GE . Exemplos:
to see – seeing to hoe – hoeing
to die – dyeing to singe – singeing
( Verbos terminados em IE trocam esta terminação por Y e recebem -ing. Exemplos:
to die – dying to lie – lying
( Aos verbos terminados em C acrescenta-se K e depois -ing. Exemplos:
to panic – panicking to traffic – trafficking
( Verbos monossilábicos terminados em consoante + vogal + consoante dobram a consoante
final e recebem -ing (exceto os terminados com as letras W, X e Y). Exemplos:
to hit – hitting to hug – hugging
Mas : to show – showing; to fix – fixing; – to play – playing
( Verbos dissilábicos terminados em consoante + vogal + consoante também dobram a
consoante final se a última sílaba for a tônica. Exemplos:
to permit – permitting to prefer – preferring
Mas : to offer – offerring, pois a sílaba tônica é a primeira.
A - Write the following verbs in the –ing form.

01 - to mop ___________________________ 11 - to sing ____________________________
02 - to dry ___________________________ 12 - to singe ____________________________
03 - to set ___________________________ 13 - to wait ____________________________
04 - to ring ___________________________ 14 - to cry ____________________________
05 - to tie ___________________________ 15 - to obey ____________________________
06 - to post ___________________________ 16 - to agree ____________________________
07 - to tiptoe ___________________________ 17 - to be ____________________________
08 - to omit ___________________________ 18 - to fight ____________________________
09 - to kid ___________________________ 19 - to argue ____________________________
10 - to mimic ___________________________ 20 - to sign ____________________________
B - Fill in with the Present Continuous of the verbs in parentheses.

01 - The policeman _________________________________________________all the cars. (to stop)
02 - Hey, Peter, what ______________________you _________________________________? (to do)
03 - They _________________________________________________their books now. (to read - not)
04 - I ______________________________________________my favorite program on TV. (to watch)
05 - The gordon’s _________________________________________________at the moment. (to rest)
06 - What_________________________Sally__________________________________to do? (to try)
07 - The man _______________________________________________the house now. (to enter – not)
08 - The mechanic __________________________________________our cars at the moment. (to fix)
09 - __________________she__________________________________________the letter? (to write)
10 - Mary’s children_________________________________________________in the lake. (to swim)
11 - Come on, the film____________________________________________________now. (to begin)
12 - Mrs. Grant________________________________________________a lot of packages. (to carry)
C - Supply the gerund form of the verbs in parentheses.

01 - They started to walk without________________________(wait) for the bus.
02 - Your _________________________(sing) was beautiful.
03 - They stopped ___________________(hit) the dog when they saw their mother.
04 - ______________(listen) to the radio is a good practice in _____________(understand) a language.
05 - Do you mind______________________(work) during holidays?
06 - Jacqueline left the room without ___________________(say) a word.
07 - I arrived late and missed_____________________(watch) part of the program.
08 - She practices______________________________(drill) those exercises every morning.
09 - I can’t resist___________________________( buy) a new dress every season.
10 - You can’t blame him for ____________________(be) so ugly.
11 - I suggest________________________(wait) for him in the lobby.
12 - He stopped_______________________(speak) when he saw us.
13 - Try __________________________(solve) your problems by yourself.
14 - They came________________________(run) from the park.
15 - We didn’t understand her ___________________________(behave) that way.
INFINITIVE
I - O infinitivo é a forma original do verbo e pode aparecer com ou sem a partícula to.
Usa-se o infinitivo sem to:
a) após os verbos anômalos, os verbos auxiliares do e will e os verbos make e let.
Ex:. I can swim. Do you like coffee? Let me go.
b) após as conjunções but e except
Ex:. I will do nothing but cry.
II - Usa-se o infinitivo com to:
a) após os verbos tell, invite, teach, remind, wish, desire, want.
Ex:. I want to go home. He told me to stop.
b) após as palavras too, enough, the first, the second, the last, the only.
Ex:. We are too young to die. I was the first one to arrive.
a) após adjetivos.
Ex:. This exercise is difficult to do.
Atenção! o verbo help aceita infinitivo com ou sem to.
Ex:. They helped us do our homework. They helped us to do our homework.
A- Supply the infinitive with or without to.
01 - Let’s _________________________(dance), shall we?

02 - It’s hard_______________________(study) all day.
03 - I’ll do anything for you but_____________________(wash) your car.
04 - His words made her__________________________(cry).
05 - The commitee invited all the members.____________________________(participate).
06 - She’s too shy_______________________(sing) before such a large audience.
07 - There’s nothing for you to do but______________________(talk) to him.
08 - Please remind me_______________________(pay) the bill.
09 - I could____________________(work) in the evenings but I wouldn’t_________________(do) it.
10 - He’s always the last______________________(arrive) and the first__________________(leave).
11 - We wanted__________________________(go) home by taxi.
12 - Did he________________________(leave) any message for me?
13 - You are too young________________________(understand) this problem.
14 - Please, teach me how________________________(dance).
15 - There was nothing to do except______________________(wait) for him.
16 - They will__________________________________(arrive) soon after lunch.
17 - We don’t have enough money_______________________(buy) that house.
18 - He told her______________________________(do) the exercise again.
B - Supply the infinitive with or without to.

01 - It is wrong ___________________________(treat) animals cruelly
02 - Please, let me___________________________(study) here.
03 - I cannot_________________________(agree) to do that.
04 - We could do nothing but_____________________(be ) quiet.
05 - They told me__________________________(sit) down.
*GRAMMAR AND EXERCISES* # HAND OUT _____#
INFINITIVE AND GERUND
Os verbos feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch podem ser seguidos de gerúndio ou de infinitivo sem
to.
Ex:. They watched the birds flying. They watched the birds fly.
Verbos que podem ser seguidos de gerúndio ou de infinitivo com to:
advise begin forget like permit start
allow continue hate love prefer stop
attempt dislike intend neglect remember try
Ex:. I hate getting up early. Ex:. I hate to get up early.
Os verbos advise, permit e allow, acompanhados de objeto direto são seguidos de infinitivo com to. Não
havendo objeto direto, esses verbos são seguidos apenas de gerúndio.
Ex:. He allowed us to smoke. Ex:. He allowed us to smoking.
Observe o verbo stop:
Ex:. They stopped to talk. Ex:. They stopped talking.
(Eles pararam para conversar.) (Eles pararam de conversar.)
A- Supply the Gerund or the Infinitive of the verbs in parentheses.

01 - I heard you______________________________(sing)
02 - We observed the bird____________________________(make) its nest.
03 - He advised us___________________________(study)
04 - She advised _____________________________(study)
05 - The students attempt_______________________(cheat) during the examination.
06 - They started__________________________(look) for the criminal.
07 - I dislike_____________________________(be) late.
08 - I saw you____________________________(write) on the wall.
09 - We began___________________________(study) French.
10 - She loves___________________________(be) lazy.
11 - We tried____________________________(follow) her.
12 - We felt the day___________________________(become) cold.
13 - The scientist didn’t permit_____________________(smoke) in the room.
14 - The scientist didn’t permit us _____________________(smoke) in the room.
15 - We like___________________(go) to the movies.
16 - Did you feel the weather__________________________(change)?
17 - She preferes_________________________(dance).
18 - He continued_________________________(study).
19 - I noticed the girl_______________________________(peer) through the keyhole.
20 - The teacher allowed__________________________(leave) the classroom.
B - Supply the Gerund or the Infinitive of the verbs in parentheses.
01 - They had a bath before_____________________(go) to school.
02 - It’s hard______________________________(study) all day.
03 - His sister loves________________________(be) stupid.
04 - We heard the baby______________________(cry).
05 - He prefers_____________________________(stay) home on Mondays.
*EXERCISES*
I - Supply the gerund form of the verbs in parentheses.
II - Supply the infinitive with or without to.

01 - This ice is too thin________________________(skate) on.
02 - I made him_____________________________(answer) the letter.
03 - It’s bad luck___________________________(spill) salt.
04 - I told them I would_____________________(be) home.
05 - He was the only one __________________________(buy) her a present.
06 - They invited us______________________________(join) them.
07 - Would you like something________________________(drink)?
08 - You should____________________________(listen) to what she says.
09 - You are old enough___________________________(be) responsible for your acts.
10 - We wishes them_____________________________(go) but they insisted on staying.
11 - It is fun________________________________(drive) a car.
12 - What can I ____________________________(do) for you?
13 - It is easy_____________________________(sing)
14 - She desires__________________________(meet) him at the dance ball.
III - Supply the Gerund or the Infinitive of the verbs in parentheses.
01 - You’ll get fat by__________________________(eat) so much.
02 - She wanted me____________________________(follow) her.
03 - We like____________________________(spend) our holidays by the sea.
04 - Besides___________________________(drink) my coffee, he ate my sandwich.
05 - After the accident she does nothing but___________________(cry).
06 - _______________________(run) in the morning is good for health.
07 - I felt the earth_________________________(shake).
08 - We saw them_________________________(run) through the park.
09 - We went_______________________(shop) while you were working.
10 - They were the last__________________(leave) the party last night.
11 - Let’s ___________________________(go) for a picnic, shall we?
12 - The children started________________(fight) and Linda stopped ______________(talk) to them.
GERUND
O gerúndio é uma forma verbal caracterizada pela terminação –ing e funciona como substantivo.
Ex:. Swimming is good to our body.
O gerúndio também é usado:
a) após preposições.
Ex:. She is tired of working.
b) após os verbos come e go (quando indicarem atividade física).
Ex:. Let’s go shopping.
c) após os verbos admit, avoid, appreciate, consider, continue, delay, detest, deny, enjoy, escape, finish,
imagine, keep, mind, miss, practice, resist, suggest, stop, try e understand.
Ex:. He admitted being wrong.
“ -ing” O particípio presente é usado para formar tempos contínuos.
Ex:. He is palying the guitar now.
A- Supply the gerund form of the verbs in parentheses.

01 - The man admited______________________________(steal) the jewerly.
02 - She is very fond of_____________________________(swim).
03 - They would appreciate____________________________(hear)from you.
04 - I have avoided _____________________________________(talk) to him after our quarrel.
05 - ___________________________(paint) is a terrific pastime.
06 - She has considered____________________________________(continue) her course.
07 - I’m tired of _______________________________(wait) for him.
08 - John delayed__________________________________(write) the report until yesterday.
09 - He finally succeeded in ________________________________(take) her out for dinner.
10 - The boy denied________________________________________(cheat) on the exam.
11 - The little girls detest___________________________________(study).
12 - I enjoy___________________________________________(spend) a day by the sea.
13 - He insisted on__________________________________(help) me with the research.
14 - My brother escaped_______________________________(be) hurt in the accident.
15 - _____________________________(drink) may be dangerous sometimes.
16 - She had finished_______________________(cook)dinner when they arrived.
17 - We are not interested in ______________________________(write)
18 - I cannot imagine myself__________________________(fly) like a bird.
19 - They went______________________________(swimm) after class.
20 - He keeps___________________________________(say) that he isn’t guilt.
B - Supply the gerund form of the verbs in parentheses.

01 - She couldn’t avoid_______________________________(look) at him during the concert.
02 - They’re thinking about ____________________________(go) to the mountains next month.
03 - She began to cry after __________________________(hear) the news.
04 - Do you mind_________________________(read) the composition again?
05 - He admitted ________________________(have) broken the vase.
INFINITIVE
I - O infinitivo é a forma original do verbo e pode aparecer com ou sem a partícula to.
Usa-se o infinitivo sem to:
a) após os verbos anômalos, os verbos auxiliares do e will e os verbos make e let.
Ex:. I can swim. Do you like coffee? Let me go.
b) após as conjunções but e except
Ex:. I will do nothing but cry.
II - Usa-se o infinitivo com to:
a) após os verbos tell, invite, teach, remind, wish, desire, want.
Ex:. I want to go home. He told me to stop.
b) após as palavras too, enough, the first, the second, the last, the only.
Ex:. We are too young to die. I was the first one to arrive.
b) após adjetivos.
Ex:. This exercise is difficult to do.
Atenção! o verbo help aceita infinitivo com ou sem to.
Ex:. They helped us do our homework. They helped us to do our homework.
A- Supply the infinitive with or without to.
01 - Let’s _________________________(dance), shall we?

02 - It’s hard_______________________(study) all day.
03 - I’ll do anything for you but_____________________(wash) your car.
04 - His words made her__________________________(cry).
05 - The commitee invited all the members.____________________________(participate).
06 - She’s too shy_______________________(sing) before such a large audience.
07 - There’s nothing for you to do but______________________(talk) to him.
08 - Please remind me_______________________(pay) the bill.
09 - I could____________________(work) in the evenings but I wouldn’t_________________(do) it.
10 - He’s always the last______________________(arrive) and the first__________________(leave).
11 - We wanted__________________________(go) home by taxi.
12 - Did he________________________(leave) any message for me?
13 - You are too young________________________(understand) this problem.
14 - Please, teach me how________________________(dance).
15 - There was nothing to do except______________________(wait) for him.
16 - They will__________________________________(arrive) soon after lunch.
17 - We don’t have enough money_______________________(buy) that house.
18 - He told her______________________________(do) the exercise again.
B - Supply the infinitive with or without to.

01 - It is wrong ___________________________(treat) animals cruelly
02 - Please, let me___________________________(study) here.
03 - I cannot_________________________(agree) to do that.
04 - We could do nothing but_____________________(be ) quiet.
05 - They told me__________________________(sit) down.
INFINITIVE AND GERUND

Os verbos feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch podem ser seguidos de gerúndio ou de infinitivo sem
to.
Ex:. They watched the birds flying. They watched the birds fly.
Verbos que podem ser seguidos de gerúndio ou de infinitivo com to:
advise begin forget like permit start
allow continue hate love prefer stop
attempt dislike intend neglect remember try
Ex:. I hate getting up early. Ex:. I hate to get up early.
Os verbos advise, permit e allow, acompanhados de objeto direto são seguidos de infinitivo com to. Não
havendo objeto direto, esses verbos são seguidos apenas de gerúndio.
Ex:. He allowed us to smoke. Ex:. He allowed us to smoking.
Observe o verbo stop:
Ex:. They stopped to talk. Ex:. They stopped talking.
(Eles pararam para conversar.) (Eles pararam de conversar.)
A- Supply the Gerund or the Infinitive of the verbs in parentheses.

01 - I heard you______________________________(sing)
02 - We observed the bird____________________________(make) its nest.
03 - He advised us___________________________(study)
04 - She advised _____________________________(study)
05 - The students attempt_______________________(cheat) during the examination.
06 - They started__________________________(look) for the criminal.
07 - I dislike_____________________________(be) late.
08 - I saw you____________________________(write) on the wall.
09 - We began___________________________(study) French.
10 - She loves___________________________(be) lazy.
11 - We tried____________________________(follow) her.
12 - We felt the day___________________________(become) cold.
13 - The scientist didn’t permit_____________________(smoke) in the room.
14 - The scientist didn’t permit us _____________________(smoke) in the room.
15 - We like___________________(go) to the movies.
16 - Did you feel the weather__________________________(change)?
17 - She preferes_________________________(dance).
18 - He continued_________________________(study).
19 - I noticed the girl_______________________________(peer) through the keyhole.
20 - The teacher allowed__________________________(leave) the classroom.
B - Supply the Gerund or the Infinitive of the verbs in parentheses.
01 - They had a bath before_____________________(go) to school.
02 - It’s hard______________________________(study) all day.
03 - His sister loves________________________(be) stupid.
04 - We heard the baby______________________(cry).
05 - He prefers_____________________________(stay) home on Mondays.
*EXERCISES*
I - Supply the gerund form of the verbs in parentheses.
II - Supply the infinitive with or without to.

01 - This ice is too thin________________________(skate) on.
02 - I made him_____________________________(answer) the letter.
03 - It’s bad luck___________________________(spill) salt.
04 - I told them I would_____________________(be) home.
05 - He was the only one __________________________(buy) her a present.
06 - They invited us______________________________(join) them.
07 - Would you like something________________________(drink)?
08 - You should____________________________(listen) to what she says.
09 - You are old enough___________________________(be) responsible for your acts.
10 - We wishes them_____________________________(go) but they insisted on staying.
11 - It is fun________________________________(drive) a car.
12 - What can I ____________________________(do) for you?
13 - It is easy_____________________________(sing)
14 - She desires__________________________(meet) him at the dance ball.
III - Supply the Gerund or the Infinitive of the verbs in parentheses.
01 - You’ll get fat by__________________________(eat) so much.
02 - She wanted me____________________________(follow) her.
03 - We like____________________________(spend) our holidays by the sea.
04 - Besides___________________________(drink) my coffee, he ate my sandwich.
05 - After the accident she does nothing but___________________(cry).
06 - _______________________(run) in the morning is good for health.
07 - I felt the earth_________________________(shake).
08 - We saw them_________________________(run) through the park.
09 - We went_______________________(shop) while you were working.
10 - They were the last__________________(leave) the party last night.
11 - Let’s ___________________________(go) for a picnic, shall we?
12 - The children started________________(fight) and Linda stopped ______________(talk) to them.
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH I
Há duas formas de se relatar o que alguém disse: pelo discurso direto e discurso indireto.
a) Direct Speech (Discurso Direto)
As palavras de quem fala, ou falou, são repetidas entre aspas.
Ex.: She said: “I broke my glasses.” - Ela disse: “Eu quebrei meus óculos.”
b) Indirect Speech (Discurso Indireto)
A mensagem é a mesma, mas com as palavras do narrador.
Ex.: She said (that) she had broken her glasses.” -
Ela disse que ela tinha quebrado seus óculos.
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
Simple present Simple past
Simple past Past perfect
Present perfect Past perfect
Simple future Conditional (would + verb)
Imperative Infinitive
She said, “I study every day.” She said (that) she studied every day.
Ela disse, “Estudo todo dia” Ela disse que estudava todo dia.
She said, “I studied yesterday.” She said (that) she had studied the day before.
Ela disse, “Estudei ontem.” Ela disse que tinha estudado no dia anterior.
She said, “I have studied.” She said (that) she had studied.
Ela disse, “Eu estudei.” Ela disse que tinha estudado.
She said, “I will study tomorrow.” She said (that) she would study the following day.
Ela disse, “Estudarei amanhã.” Ela disse que estudaria no dia seguinte.
She said to him, “Study hard.” She told him to study hard.
Ela disse a ele, “Estude bastante.” Ela disse a ele para estudar bastante.
Os advérbios de tempo eventualmente existentes no discurso direto e no discurso indireto

TIME EXPRESSIONS
This (este, esta) That (aquele, aquela)
Today (hoje) That day (naquele dia)
Yesterday (ontem) The day before (no dia anterior)
Tomorrow (amanhã) The next day, the following day (no dia seguinte)
Last night ( onten à noite) The night before (na noite anterior
Last week/year (na semana,ano passada(o)) The week /year before (na semana, ano anterior)
Next week,month/year(na próxima semana,mês,ano) The following week... (na semana seguinte)
Now (agora) Then, at that moment (então naquele momento)
Here (aqui) There (lá)
Ex.: Alex said: “I washed this car yesterday.” Alex disse: “Eu lavei o carro ontem.”
Alex said (that) he had washed that car the day before.
Alex disse que ele tinha lavado aquele carro no dia anterior.
A - Put the sentences into the Indirect Speech
01 - He said, “I feel well today.”
__________________________________________________________________
02 - She said, “The girls are in the garden.”
__________________________________________________________________
03 - Mary said, “The boys are playing chess now.”
__________________________________________________________________
04 - Mother said, “I read a good book yesterday.”
__________________________________________________________________
05 - He said, “The girls were here an hour ago.”
__________________________________________________________________
06 - Father said, “I was working 5 minutes ago.
__________________________________________________________________
07 - Charlote said, “I have lived in France.”
__________________________________________________________________
08 - They said, “We can work tomorrow.”
__________________________________________________________________
09 - He said. “I will study with my friend Lucy in my house.”
__________________________________________________________________
10 – My friend, “I don’t like your shirt.”
__________________________________________________________________
11 - Joe said, “I didn’t finish my work.”
__________________________________________________________________
12 - They said, “We won’t come back early.”
__________________________________________________________________
13 - She said, “I’ve already seen him.”
__________________________________________________________________
14 - I said, “I want to swim now.”
__________________________________________________________________
15 - He said, “I will be working tomorrow.”
__________________________________________________________________
16 - They said, “We are going to buy some flowers to your mother.”
__________________________________________________________________
17 - I said, “I have already paid this check.”
__________________________________________________________________
18 - She said, “It is going to rain.”
__________________________________________________________________
19 - Willian said, “We have to go out.”
__________________________________________________________________
20 - He said, “I can see you later.”
__________________________________________________________________
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH II
a) Quando se relata uma ordem , usa-se o infinitivo.

Ex.: He said: “Open the door.” He told me to open the door. He asked me to open the door.
b) Quando se relata uma pergunta, coloca-se a frase na forma afirmativa e observando-se as mesmas
transformações feitas com as frases afirmativas.
Ex.: He said, “Where is Paul?” - He asked me where Paul was.
He said, “Is Paul here?” - He asked if Paul was there.
Nota: Pode-se usar whether no lugar de if.
c) Say é usado sem objeto indireto ou com objeto indireto precedido de to.
No discurso indireto, tell é usado com objeto indireto não precedido de to.
Ex.: John said, “I love Mary.” - John said that he loved Mary.
John said to Mary, “I love you.” - John told Mary that he loved her.
d) Mudam na passagem do discurso direto para o indireto:
can  could may  might shallshould must  had to
Ex.: He said, “I can go.” - He said that he could go.
d) Would, could, should, must, migh,t ought to e used to não mudam de forma.
Ex.: He said, “I could go.” - He said that he could go.
A - Put the sentences into the Indirect Speech. Introduce them using told.
01 - John said Mary, “I hate you.”
__________________________________________________________________
02 - I said to the porter, “I am Mr. Spencer.”
__________________________________________________________________
03 - He said to Jane, “I am always here on Fridays.”
__________________________________________________________________
04 - I said to Jthe boy, “Leave the room now.”
__________________________________________________________________
B - Put the sentences into the Indirect Speech. Use He said that.
01 - “I must go to the library before it closes.”
__________________________________________________________________
02 - “Nobody could paint a picture as well as you.”
__________________________________________________________________
03 - “You should leave the country at once.”
__________________________________________________________________
04 - “You ought to visit her tomorrow.”
__________________________________________________________________
C - Put the sentences into the Indirect Speech using the indicated verbs.
01 - “Sit down!” (he asked)
__________________________________________________________________
02 - “Come here!” (they ordered)
__________________________________________________________________
03 - “Don’t run away!” (She told)
__________________________________________________________________
04 - “come in!” (he told)
__________________________________________________________________
05 - Don’t open the door!”(she asked)
__________________________________________________________________
06 - “Don’t step on the grass!” (they ordered)
__________________________________________________________________
D - Put the sentences into the Indirect Speech. Introduce them using He/She asked me
01 - “What are you doing?”
__________________________________________________________________
02 - “Do you play the piano?”
__________________________________________________________________
03 - “How did you go to school?’
__________________________________________________________________
04 - “When will you be back?”
__________________________________________________________________
E - Put the sentences into the Indirect Speech. Introduce them using He/She wanted to know
01 - “Where did you go?”
__________________________________________________________________
02 - “Are the girl here?”
__________________________________________________________________
03 - “What is the matter?”
__________________________________________________________________
04 - “Are they coming today?”
__________________________________________________________________
F - Complete the sentences with said or told.

00 - She said she wasn’t feeling very well.
01 - Alex_______________me that he would buy the tickets.
02 - They______________that the train was going to be late.
03 - She_______________him that she was very angry with him.
04 - She_______________him that she couldn’t help him.
05 - Who______________you that I was leaving? It’s not true!
06 - They______________us that they were leaving in the morning.
07 - He________________that he didn’t know what was wrong with the car.
08 - She_______________she had four sisters.
09 - She_______________me that Tom worked in a factory.
10 - He________________me that he was a doctor, but he_____________Anna that he was a dentist.
RELATIVE PRONOUNS I
Os pronomes relativos introduzem orações subordinadas adjetivas (restritivas ou explicativas). Essas
orações definem, limitam ou acrescentam algo ao significado do antecedente.
Who, whom e that (que, quem) são usados quando o antecedente for pessoa.
Usa-se who ou that quando o pronome é sujeito do verbo.
Ex.: The girl who arrived is beautiful
The girl that arrived is beautiful.
Usa-se who, whom, that ou omite-se o pronome quando este é objeto do verbo.
E.: The girl who I saw is beautiful.
The girl whom I saw is beautiful.
The girl that I saw is beautiful.
The girl I saw is beautiful.
Quando a oração subordinada não for essencial para o significado do período:
a) ela sempre vem entre vírgulas;
b) não se pode usar that;
c) não se pode omitir o pronome.
Ex.: Mr. Allen, who / whom you saw yesterday, is an American citizen.
A - Supply who and / or whom.
01 - The girl__________________read the palm of my hand was a gypsy.
02 - She is the person _____________________he has invited.
03 - People______________________come from Europe are called European.
04 - The boy _____________________I met was a prince.
05 - The woman_____________________I saw was a dancer.
06 - We talked to the man_______________was the leader of the tribe.
07 - The doctor_______________________my brother visited is a very famous researcher.
08 - The man _______________________you met yesterday is coming to a tea.
09 - The children__________________were playing ball lived in the circus.
10 - She is looking at the boy__________________________she loves
11 - The man_____________________just arrived is a very important person.
B - Choose the correct alternatives.
01 - The girl_______________________________is beside him is his daughter. (who – whom – that )
02 - The man_____________________________you showed me is my teacher. (who – whom – that )
03 - That is the boy___________________________________I saw at the club. (who – whom – that )
04 - The women___________________________I was talking to are actresses. (who – whom – that )
05 - Where is the person_____________________________sold me this book? (who – whom – that )
06 - Fleming was the scientist_______________________ discovered penicilin. (who – whom – that )
07 - That is the lady_______________________________was looking for you. (who – whom – that )
08 - The old man___________________________lives next door has just died. (who – whom – that )
09 - That is the housewife____________________________we were talking to. (who – whom – that )
10 - The man ______________________________________called you is here. (who – whom – that )
11 - The children_________________________are outside are waiting for you. (who – whom – that )
12 - That is the boy______________________________________has hurt me. (who – whom – that )
C - Supply all possible relative pronouns.
01 - Fleming,________________________was a cientist, discovered penicilin.
02 - Mrs. Brown,_____________________I dislike very much, has just called.
03 - Dr. Hill ________________________is very old, is studying nuclear radiation.
04 - Greg, __________________we have just met, is a very kind man.
05 - Glenda,________________is my sister, has just arrived.
06 - Shakespeare was the writer_______________wrote “Romeo and Juliet.”
07 - That man is the doctor_________________________you are going to work with.
08 - My only daughter,_____________________is very intelligent, wants to know you.
09 - Dr. John is the person______________________you have to talk to.
10 - Sheila is the girl___________________________is responsible for the money.
11 - My mother___________________________I love very much, is na intelligent woman.
12 - Betty is the girl_________________________told me about you.
RELATIVE PRONOUNS II
Which e that (que ) são usados quando o antecedente for coisa ou animal.
Usa-se which ou that quando o pronome é sujeito do verbo.
Ex.: The dog which entered the room is sick.
The dog that entered the room is sick.
Usa-se Which ou that ou omite-se o pronome quando este é objeto do verbo.
Ex.: The dog which you saw is sick.
The dog that you saw is sick.
The dog you saw is sick.
Quando a oração subordinada não é essencial para o significado do período:
d) ela sempre vem entre vírgulas;
e) não se pode usar that;
f) não se pode omitir o pronome.
Ex.: Swimming, which I like very much is a good sport..
A- Supply all possible relative pronouns.

01 - The book ____________________________you lent me is very interesting.
02 - The chair_____________________________is broken is in that room.
03 - The music____________________________he is playing is a waltz.
04 - The dogs____________________________entered the room are mine.
05 - The apple___________________________ I ate wasn’t good.
06 - Painting, ____________________________I like very much, is a good pastime.
07 - The letter____________________________we received today came from Italy.
08 - The road_____________________________leads to the country is paved.
09 - Venice,______________________________is a beautiful city, is in Italy.
10 - Astronomy,__________________________I study very hard, is the scientific study of the universe.
11 - The flowers__________________________you picked are very beautiful.
12 - Milk, _______________________________is white, is good for our health.
13 - The Atacama Desert,___________________is an area, is in northern Chile.
14 - The blouse___________________________you are wearing is very expensive.
15 - The pen_____________________________is on the table is Mary’s.
B - Combine the sentences. Supply a relative pronoun.

01 - The car is in your garage. The car is stolen.
_________________________________________________________________________________
02 - The horse is in your garden. The horse ate your lilies (lily=lírio).
_________________________________________________________________________________
03 - The San Diego Zoo is in California. The San Diego Zoo is very famous.
_________________________________________________________________________________
04 - The books were on the table. The books have disappeared.
_________________________________________________________________________________
05 - The road runner (cuco) is a bird. The road runner is also called the clown of the desert.
_________________________________________________________________________________
RELATIVE PRONOUNS III
Whose (cujo, cuja, cujos, cujas ) indica posse, é usado com qualquer antecedente e não pode ser omitido.
Ex.: The boy whose bicycle is broken.
Shakespeare, whose plays are famous, was an English author.
That (que, quem) é o único pronome relativo usado:
g) quando há antecedentes diferentes.
Ex.: The girl and the dog thati I saw on the beach are the at home now.
b) após superlativos e palavras como some, any, no, everything, much, little, only, all.
Ex.: He is the best doctor that I know.
She is the only girl that loves you.
Omissão: quando that for objeto, ele pode ser omitido.
Quando houver preposição antes do pronome relativo usa-se whom (pessoa) ou which (coisa ou animal).
Nesses casos o relativo não pode ser omitido.
Ex.: The girl about whom you are talking is my sister.
The book about which you are talking is expensive.
A - Combine the sentencesusing whose.
Ex.: That man is a good writer. His books are famous.
That man whose books are famous is a good writer.
01 - The woman is a careful mother. Her baby is sleeping.
_________________________________________________________________________________
02 - The man is very sad. His wife has run away.
_________________________________________________________________________________
03 - The dog is John’s. Its hair is black and white.
_________________________________________________________________________________
04 - Mr. Ford is here. His daughter is called Helen.
_________________________________________________________________________________
05 - Bernard Shaw was a good writer. His best paly was “Pygmalion.”
_________________________________________________________________________________
B - Supply all possible relative pronouns.
01 - He was speaking about the books and the writers____________________he likes.
02 - The man to ___________________you gave the money has died.
03 - The table on___________________ you put your shoes cost 300 dollars.
04 - My mother knows everything______________________is written in this book.
05 - She is the most beautiful girl________________________I have seen.
06 - Jennifer is the fattest girl_________________________I know.
07 - I have just seen the woman___________________son studied monkeys and bears.
08 - He received everything_____________________we had sent him.
09 - There is the lady______________________car has been stolen.
10 - I saw the man with___________________you were talking at the party.
11 - Thi is the last book__________________ I read this week.
12 - The horse____________________owner is a gypsy works in a circus.
13 - All _________________________glitters is gold.
14 - The blouse___________________________you are wearing is very expensive.
15 - The pen_____________________________is on the table is Mary’s.

Apostila 3° Ano - Cópia

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Apostila 3° Ano - Cópia

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ETEC “ALBERT EINSTEIN”

CONTEÚDO PROGRAMÁTICO - 3º ANOS

C - Match the columns

(_____) Determinada disposição de alguns elementos para obter um efeito ou resultado.

D - Find the expression used in the text for:

E - Divide into mini-groups, read the text silently, and:

F - Still in your groups, answer the questions.

G - Working the text.

H - Check the correct alternative.

02 - When you read

I - Write O for opposites and S for synonyms

01 - (______) forget – remember 04 - (______) look up – search for and find

Abuse: 1. Insultar, ofender 2. Abusar (de) 3. Maltratar,

A - Leia e entenda o significado dos falsos cognatos:

06 - Did Mary really win the international beauty contest.__________________________________

16 - I left a gratuity of about 15% at the restaurant last night.________________________________

A - Leia e entenda o significado dos falsos cognatos:

11 - Paul was appointed head of the export department. ___________________________________

16 - He managed to arrange for a meeting with the governor._________________________________

21 - Radio Station Light FM has a faithful audience _______________________________________

26 - He stopped at his favorite bar and had a drink.________________________________________

TEMPO VERBAL VOZ ATIVA VOZ PASSIVA

A - Put the sentences into the Passive Voice.

B - Put the sentences into the Passive Voice.

03 - Someone has already paid the electrician for his work

05 - They promise us higher wages.

07 - Someone ordered the prisioners to stand up.

09 - Someone taught him French and gave him a dictionary.

11 - The authorities refused Cyril a passport.

02 - Voz Ativa: Everybody thinks that she sings well.

03 - Voz Ativa: They suppose that we help the poor.

04 - Voz Ativa: Students say that the professor is lovely.

07 - Voz Ativa: Everybody knows that sun shines every day.

# To Get Obter, adquirir

# To take Tomar, levar

A- Complete the sentences using the Phrasal Verbs.

Adjetivos terminados em -able e -ible apenas trocam o E final por Y. Exemplos:

Há ainda outras expressões que funcionam com um adverb of manner. Exemplos:

ADVÉRBIOS E LOCUÇÕES ADVERBIAIS DE NEGAÇÃO, AFIRMAÇÃO E DÚVIDA

ADVÉRBIOS E LOCUÇÕES ADVERBIAIS DE INTENSIDADE

Os seguintes advérbios possuem a mesma forma do adjetivo:

NOW SOON STILL TODAY TOMORROW THEN LATELY YET

ALWAYS NEVER OFTEN SELDOM RARELY ONCE

SLOWLY KINDLY WELL FAST OTHERWISE

B- Faça como no modelo.

C - Faça como no modelo.

01 - How did that terrible accident happen? (quickly)

D - Passe para o inglês as frases a seguir.

01 - Ele tocou cuidadosamente as bochechas de Wanda.

B- Assinale a opção correta.

01 - For some unexpected reasons I could not sleep_________last night

02 - Ricardo was not tall enough to play basketball________________.

03 - We had seen him____________ shaking his head with happiness before.

05 - ____________common gestures mean__________different things to different cultures.

ADVERBS – II – DOUBT, PLACE, DEGREE OR INTENSITY

MAYBE PERHAPS PROBABLY POSSIBLY

HERE THERE EVERYWHERE

DEGREE OR INTENSITY – Usos e sentidos diversos, dependendo do advérbio.

HARDLY VERY ENOUGH

BESIDES - MOREOVER HOWEVER

SO... THAT... Uma idéia é conseqüência de outra.

EVER Em frases interrogativas com os tempos Perfect

POSITION OF ADVERBS MANNER + PLACE + TIME

Com Verbos de Movimento PLACE + MANNER + TIME

01 - () forget – remember 04 - () look up – search for and find

05 - __common gestures meandifferent things to different cultures.