EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANNING

PROCESS SAFETY MANAGEMENT

Process safety is not just about preventing incidents; it's about preparing for the
unexpected.
VISION, MISSION & VALUES
To be an inspiring business transforming
opportunities into sustainable realities.

Vision Innovation
Teamwork
Values Perseverance
Diversity
Mission Empowerment

Ensure business sustainability with sharp

focus on people development, growth and
stakeholder value thus contributing in
food security and group’s CSR efforts.
 PSM REFRESHER

12 - CULTURAL 22 10 - RISK-BASED
ELEMENTS
 INTRODUCTION

Purpose:

• FFBL plant, with hazardous materials and high-pressure processes, requires guidelines for personnel to

control emergencies and minimize damage.

• The procedure ensures preparedness for incidents and informs employees about recognizing and

addressing hazardous conditions.

• This procedure encompasses the entire emergency planning process, starting from reporting to declaration

and control, detailing the roles of various personnel.

 Definitions
Catastrophic Release:
• Major uncontrolled release of a hazardous material (toxic, reactive, or flammable) that presents danger to life, property and
to the environment. It may have devastating impact on the nearby community and is beyond control.

Minimum Ignition Energy (MIE)

• Minimum energy required to initiate combustion. MIE depends on the specific chemical or mixture, the concentration,
pressure, and temperature.
• Electrostatic discharges from fluid flow can exceed MIEs, contributing to plant explosions.

Autoignition temperature (AIT)

• Minimum temperature required to initiate or cause self-sustained combustion of a solid, liquid, or gas independently of the
heating or heated element .

Flash point (FP)

• Lowest temperature of liquid at which it gives off enough vapor to form an ignitable mixture with air. It is used to characterize
the fire and explosion hazard of liquids. Liquids with flash above 37.8 °C are combustible and below are flammable.
 Definitions
Explosion
• An explosion is a rapid expansion of gases resulting in a rapidly moving pressure or shock wave. The expansion can be
mechanical (by means of a sudden rupture of a pressurized vessel), or it can be the result of a rapid chemical reaction.
Boiling-liquid expanding-vapor explosion (BLEVE)
• A physical explosion that occurs when a pressurized liquid inside a vessel reaches a temperature higher than its boiling
point.
• An external fire heats the contents of a tank of volatile material.
• The tank contents heats, vapor pressure of the liquid within the tank increases, tank’s integrity is reduced and tank
ruptures with the hot liquid volatilizes explosively.
Continuous Release
• Releases lasting equal to or more than one minute are usually treated as continuous.
 Definitions
ERPG (Emergency Response Planning Guidelines)
• Guidelines, developed by a committee of the American Industrial Hygiene Association, which are intended to provide
estimates of concentration ranges, where one might reasonably anticipate observing adverse effects, as described in the
definitions for ERPG-I, ERPG-2, and ERPG-3, as a consequence of exposure to a specific toxic substance.

ERPG Concentration Ranges for Ammonia

without experiencing other than mild health effects ERPG1 50 ppm
Max airborne concentration (ppm) below
which all individuals could be exposed for without developing irreversible or serious health effects ERPG2 150 ppm

upto 01 hour.
without experiencing life threating health effects ERPG 3 750 ppm

IDLH – (Immediately Dangerous to Life & Health)

• IDLH is the maximum concentration of hazardous substances in air from which one can reasonably escape within 30 minutes
without any impairing symptoms or any irreversible health effects.
 Definitions
TLV-TWA (Threshold limit value – time-weighted average)
• Concentration for an 8-hour workday & 40-hour workweek, all workers may be repeatedly exposed, day after day, for a
working lifetime without adverse effect.
TLV-STEL (Threshold limit value – short-term exposure limit
• Concentration to which all workers can be exposed for short time (upto 15 minutes) without serious consequences which
can reduced their work efficiency. should occur no more than 04 times/day and there should be at least 60 minutes
between successive exposures in this range.
TLV-C (Threshold limit value – Ceiling
• The concentration that should not be exceeded during any part of the working exposure.
TLV vs PEL vs IDLH
• There are 03 types of TLVs (TWA, STEL, C) concentrations established by the ACGIH while PEL (Permissible exposure limit)
are promulgated by OSHA. Similarly, IDLH levels have been established by NIOSH.
• OSHA is a federal agency in USA that regulates workplace safety, while the ACGIH & NIOSH are research institutes.
 Types of Emergencies

• Ammonia Leakage (See Section 8)

• Fire & Explosion (See Section 9)
• Phosphoric Acid Spillage (See Section 10)
• Sulphuric Acid Spillage (See Section 11)
• Caustic Soda Spillage (See Section 12)
• Urea Formaldehyde (UF85) Spillage (See Section 13)
• Nitrogen Release (Uty WI)
• Radiography Incident (Inspect Procedure)
• Earthquake (See Section 14)
• Heavy Rain (See Section 15)
• Flooding (See Section 16)
• High Wind / Storms / Lightning (See Section 17)
• Air Raid / Sabotage (See Section 18)
 Emergency Communication & Declaration

Observing the Emergency in Plant Areas

The outbreak of major LOPC or fire incident, if seen by an area operator or any other plant employee / person.

• Actuate the nearest MCP

• Contact Control Room through radio/PA/telephone, providing name, precise incident details, and wind direction.

• Make first intervention with the available resources but if it is safe. Otherwise, wait for the Emergency Squad team.

• Upon receiving alarm signal, the ER team at HSEQ building rush to the site and inform the Coordination Engineer.
Observing an Emergency in Residential Areas
• Observing fire, should actuate MCP and inform to Fire Station at 5555/5343 and narrates the emergency.

• Make first intervention with the available resources but if it is safe. Otherwise, wait for the Emergency Squad team.

• Upon receiving alarm signal, the ER team at HSEQ building rush to the site and inform the Coordination Engineer.
 Emergency Declaration & Handling

Emergency Declaration and Handling

• Upon reaching the site, the Coordination Engr. assesses the emergency & lead emergency handling in the following orders.
• Activate siren by instructing Shift Engineer in the unaffected Control Room (Ammonia, Urea, Utilities).

• Inform telephone Operator to inform BCC members.

• Initiate isolation of leak/fire source, staying in contact with affected area engineer & board man.

• "Switches off" power supply before firewater spray.

• Guide Emergency Squad on;

• Using firewater/foam or Dry Chemical Powder as per the emergency nature.

• Directing rescue of injured persons.

• Maintain 2-way communication with ICC for assistance/guidance until emergency controlled.

• After controlling the emergency, activate clearance siren by instructing Shift Engineer of unaffected area.
 EMERGENCY SIREN ACTUATION MODES

12 s 12 s 12 s
ALARM 1
(FIRE) 12 s 12 s

Siren will be sounded intermittently for duration of one minute with

12 seconds break.
60 s
ALARM 2
(ALL CLEAR)
Siren will be sounded continuous for one minute

12 s 12 s 12 s 60 s
ALARM 3
(AIR RAID) 12 s 12 s 12 s
Siren will be sounded for duration of 02minutes. This includes intermittent sounding for one minute with 12 seconds break followed by
continuous sounding for one minute

2S 2S 2S 2S 2S 2S 2S 2S 2S 2S 2S 2S 2S 2S 2S
ALARM 4
(CATASTROPHE) 2S 2S 2S 2S 2S 2S 2S 2S 2S 2S 2S 2S 2S 2S 2S
Siren will be sounded intermittently for duration of one minute with 02 seconds break.
 Command Centers

• ICC Location:

• Nearest location of emergency and can be established at incident site of fire emergencies.

• Nearest building according to wind direction in case of Ammonia release emergencies, e.g. CCR, UCR & Maintenance
shacks.

ICC Role:

• Addressing localized emergencies and assist BCC in handling catastrophic events like heavy ammonia leakage.

• Responsible for providing technical guidance and support to the Emergency Squad.

ICC Members:

• OM (Leader), Manager Maintenance, Manager E&I, UM – Safety & HAZOP, Concerned UM Operations / Area Owner

• During off-hours, Coordination Engineer will lead the ICC from the emergency site.

• On crew weekdays, Operations Manager/Unit Manager will lead ICC to guide the Emergency Squad.
 Command Centers

BCC Location:

• Admin building or PH&S Control Room / UM Office, determined by the emergency's location and wind direction.

BCC Role:

• Provides direction, administrative help, and guidance to ICC.

• BCC leader may allow online participation (Zoom/Team) for members.

BCC Members

• GMP - (Leader), GMR, SMM, STSM, Manager HSEQ, Mngr. Security, Mngr. Admin, SOM-FPCL

• During off-hours and Crew weekdays, BCC will be lead by any one of above member who reaches/available the Plantsite.

• GMP as per requirement can call out other members of BCC.

 ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES

Role of Individuals in Affected Area (Plantsite)

In case of Ammonia release;

• Operations personnel should remain in their areas, while non-operations personnel should seek shelter in a nearby building.

• After putting on SCBA sets & necessary PPEs, operations personnel isolate affected equipment to prevent further damage.

• Follow instructions of shift engineer / board man.

• Move out of the operating area if asked by the shift engineer.

• Only fire trucks & ambulances can move in the affected area.

• All other vehicles should park, turn off engines, leave keys inside, and seek nearby shelter.

Note: During a fire emergency, Operations personnel should stay in their areas or proceed to the safe assembly point as

directed by the shift engineer.

 ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES

Individuals in Unaffected Area (Plantsite)

In case of Ammonia release;

• Operations personnel should remain in their areas, while non-operations personnel should seek shelter in a nearby building.

• Operations personnel should have their gas masks and breathing apparatus ready for use.

• Follow the instructions of the shift engineer/board man.

• Vehicle movement is permitted only for reaching a safe location.

Note: During a fire emergency, Operations personnel should stay in their areas or proceed to the safe assembly point as

directed by the shift engineer.

 ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES

Role of Individuals in Buildings Including Residential Buildings of OCEA/SRB

In case of Ammonia release;
• When the siren sounds, quickly move to the nearby building, keeping doors shut but unlocked.
• Prevent ammonia gas entry by closing doors, windows, and blocking openings with wet cloth.
• Stop all air-conditioners and air-handling units.
• If ammonia is sensed, breathe through a wet cloth covering the mouth, as water can help absorb ammonia.
• Do not leave the room and wait for further instructions.
Note: In case of fire emergency, reach the safe assembly point.
Role of individual in Buildings due to Fire inside the Building
• Evacuate the building and close the doors behind you as you leave, fire needs air to spread.
• If trapped in Fire;
• Close the doors and block the gaps to stop the smoke getting in room.
• Open the window and call for help.
• If there is no option other than evacuation, crawl low in smoke as the air is cleaner and cooler at floor level.
 ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES

Role of Ambulance & Fire Tender Drivers

• Rush to the Emergency Site through a safe route by:

 Confirming the incident site.

 Observing wind direction through wind socks.

Role of Emergency Squad Members

• Upon fire alarm or phone call, the Fire Station's Emergency Squad, with a fire truck, rush to the incident site.

• Make necessary arrangements for emergency containment until the arrival of other Emergency Squad members.

• Emergency Squad members respond to the Emergency Siren, reaching the Incident Site directly or through CCR or Safety

Control Room.
 ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES

Role of Security Personnel

• Close the gates to stop the inward/outward movements of all vehicles during an emergency.
• If BCC decides, will block the traffic from National Highway & PQA side at appropriate locations. (Procedure change also)
• Notify the public through mosque loudspeakers or megaphones coordinated with the Councilor/Nazim.
Role of Building Coordinators
• Ensure fire extinguishers are unobstructed, known to all, and personnel are trained to operate them.
• Confirm emergency exits and escape routes are clear, marked, and not blocked / locked.
• Display building evacuation plan and Plant Emergency Numbers on notice boards for everyone's awareness.
• Ensure doors, windows, panels, and glasses are intact, sealable, and equipped with means to wet cloth.
• Ensure that guards or covers on exhaust fans/ducts are available.
• Familiarize staff with siren modes, safe assembly point location, safety procedures, and emergency actions.
• Know about electric supply cut-off/isolation points.
 ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES Of BCC

Role of BCC Team Leader

• Obtain information on unsafe events/conditions from the ICC leader to assess implications inside and outside the plant.

• Establish BCC and plan emergency activities with the team.

• Maintain liaison with OCEA, other residential areas, and external agencies.

• Coordinate medical aid, handle inquiries from employees, media and third parties.

• Provide continuous updates to CE&MD regarding the emergency from the start till clearance.

Role of All Other members (GMR, STSM, Manager HSEQ, Mngr. Security, Mngr. Admin, SMM, SOM –FPCL)

• Reach BCC as soon as informed about emergency.

• Take necessary actions as assigned / instructed by BCC leader.

 ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES

Role of ICC Team Leader

• Evaluate the situation as soon as informed by Coordination Engineer about the emergency.

• Keep liaison with concerned area Unit Manager / Coordination Engineer / Shift Engineer to control emergency.

• Update BCC and take necessary guidelines.

• Instruct ICC members for safe handling of emergency.

Role of Other Members (MM, Manager E&I, UM Safety & HAZOP, UM Concerned Unit)

• Reach ICC as soon as informed about emergency.

• Take necessary actions as directed by ICC leader.

 ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES

Role of Manager Medical

• Ensure availability at the industrial clinic.

• Ensure timely ambulance departure when ICC calls for shifting affected people.

• Ensure PPEs availability for the driver and guide them on the safe route to the emergency site.

• Line up resources, including medication, in the Industrial Clinic.

• Maintain liaison with outside hospitals if needed.

 AMMONIA RELEASE / CATASTROPHIC-EMERGENCY HANDLING

Properties of Ammonia
Concentration Effect
• Corrosive to copper and galvanized surfaces, a colorless gas highly
soluble in water, lighter than air in its gaseous form, and heavier
than air as a cold vapor. 1-5 ppm Odor threshold

Health Hazards of Ammonia 25 ppm TLV-TWA

• Inhalation: Irritative, chest pain, pneumonia, and potentially fatal.
• Exposure to gaseous ammonia: skin and eye irritation, severe 35 ppm TLV-STEL
burns, blister formation, and risk of frostbite.
• Liquid contact with skin: causes severe burns. 50 ppm TLV-Ceiling

Medical Treatment of Ammonia

50 ppm OSHA PEL
• Inhalation: Remove affected persons, administer oxygen if
necessary.
• Skin/Eye contact: Flush with water for 15 minutes. 100 ppm for 120 min or less Extreme respiratory discomfort.
• Keep victim under observation, evaluate vital signs, provide
artificial respiration if needed. 1000 ppm for 120 min or less Threatening or serious injury likely.
• Seek medical attention in all cases.
Note: ICC and BCC will be formed to combat the emergency. 5000-10,000 ppm Immediately fatal.
 AMMONIA RELEASE / CATASTROPHIC-EMERGENCY HANDLING

Fire/Explosion Hazards & Firefighting

• Ammonia is a nonflammable gas but will ignite at a temperature of 651°C within vapor concentration limits between 15%

and 28%. (Paper ignites at 232°C, coal at 398°C).

• May explode upon contact with strong oxidizers, halogens, and alkali metals.

• In case of fire, use water spray to cool exposed containers and protect personnel.To extinguish, shut off material flow; water

spray and foam can be used.

 AMMONIA RELEASE / CATASTROPHIC-EMERGENCY HANDLING

Ammonia Release Emergency Control Strategies

1. Spill Control

• Prevent entry to sewers and water courses.

• Cover liquid spill with foam to minimize gas release into air.

• Use water spray downwind of spill to reduce gas.

• Water should not contact pools of liquid NH3 as this will increase gas vaporization.
2. Water Fogging

• Use of water curtains reduces vapor cloud size.

• Finely divided water spray effectively disperses Ammonia vapors, absorbing ammonia in the water.

• Apply water sprays with a fog nozzle to create a curtain in the vapor cloud's path.

• Caution is advised when approaching an Ammonia vapor cloud due to its acute irritation; approach from upwind.

• Avoid water contact with liquid Ammonia to prevent increased vaporization in refrigerated spills.
 FIRE / EXPLOSION EMERGENCY HANDLING

Flammable / Combustible Gases at FFBL

Natural Gas, Synthesis gas and Hydrogen gas can cause fire/explosion emergencies. Acetylene used in welding operation can
also cause a Fire / Explosion hazard.
Properties of Methane / Natural Gas
Natural gas is not a toxic substance rather it is flammable nature and about 85% ~ 90%.
1. Flammability range: 5% to 15%.
2. Auto-ignition temperature is 600 °C.
Properties of Hydrogen
1. Flammability range: 4% to 75%.
2. Auto-ignition temperature is 400 °C.
Properties of Synthesis gas
Synthesis gas is composed of 69% Hydrogen, therefore the flammability properties Hydrogen are adopted.
 FIRE / EXPLOSION EMERGENCY HANDLING

Causes of Fire/Explosion Emergencies

Major causes of Fire/Explosion incidents at FFBL are;
• Unplanned LOPC of Flammable gases & liquids (Natural Gas, Synthesis gas, Hydrogen, Acetylene etc.).

• Unplanned Electrical Energy release / discharge / short circuiting

• Accidental exposure of solid to heating sources

Establishment of Emergency Command Centers

• ICC is established at the possible nearest location or building as soon as fire emergency siren is actuated.

• There is no requirement of BCC unless the fire / explosion cause leakage of Ammonia.
 FIRE / EXPLOSION EMERGENCY HANDLING

Gas Fire / Explosion Incident Scenarios & Control Measures

To control a gas release fire, general guideline is starvation, cutting off the fuel supply through the following steps.
1. Isolation & Depressurization:
• Isolate the leakage source using available valves and depressurize the affected section.
• Decision responsibility of isolation & depressurization rests with the Emergency Squad Leader and ICC.
Note: If there's a gas leak within SSGC battery limit, TSD to request an immediate shutdown of the gas supply to the plant from
SSGC.
2. Plant & Other Areas Shutdown
• ICC decides the parts of unit that must be shut down, in order to isolate and depressurize the source of release.
• The shutdown may involve partial or complete shutdown of Ammonia plant, Utilities Unit and other operating Units.
3. Evacuation
• ICC decides and communicates about partial or complete evacuation of a unit or all operating units.
 FIRE / EXPLOSION EMERGENCY HANDLING

Electrical Sub-Station / Switchgear Fire & Emergency Control Measures

Potential Problems

• Injured personnel and Firefighters risk electrocution from live equipment.

• Exposure to toxic fumes and smoke from burning electrical insulation.

• Limited visibility due to smoke may hinder locating fire origin, injured personnel, and hazards.

Entry into the substation

• Enter the substation for rescue. Open doors for ventilation.

• Enter only with sufficient visibility while the substation is energized.

• Entry is prohibited without SCBA if visibility is low or CO2 concentration is high and until power is isolated.
 PHOSPHORIC ACID RELEASE – EMERGENCY HANDLING

Properties

FFBL uses liquid phosphoric acid having a greenish color. pH: 1.5 (0.1N
aq. soln.) and Completely soluble in water Concentration* Effect
1 mg/ m3 ACGIH TWA
Health Hazards of Phosphoric Acid

• Eye exposure may lead to irreversible injury and severe burns. 3 mg/ m3 STEL

• Skin exposure causes corrosive burns, severity depending on 1 mg/ m3 OSHA PEL
concentration and exposure duration.
1000 mg/ m3 Extreme respiratory
• Ingestion results in gastrointestinal burns and potential corrosion discomfort.
and tissue destruction.
*Concentration in mg in one cubic meter of air
• Inhalation causes chemical burns to the respiratory tract, existing in (equivalent to 1L or 1000mL)

the air as a mist or spray due to negligible vapor pressure.

 PHOSPHORIC ACID RELEASE – EMERGENCY HANDLING

Medical Treatment for Phosphoric Acid Exposure

• Eye & Skin Contact: Flush eyes/skin with water for at least 15 minutes; seek immediate medical aid.

• Ingestion: If swallowed, don't induce vomiting; seek medical aid. If conscious, give a glass of water; avoid giving anything to
an unconscious person.

• Inhalation: Move to fresh air; provide artificial respiration if not breathing and give oxygen if breathing is difficult; seek
medical aid.

Note: Establish ICC upon accidental release; no siren for Phosphoric Acid release; use local area alarm for emergency
communication.
 PHOSPHORIC ACID RELEASE – EMERGENCY HANDLING

Fire Hazard of Phosphoric Acid

• non-combustible and does not burn itself, however, may decompose upon heating, to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.

Phosphoric Acid Release Emergency Control Measures

• Isolate spill area 50 meters for liquids spillage.

• Eliminate all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).

• Do not touch damaged tank / container or spilled material unless wearing appropriate PPEs.

• Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

• Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

• Absorb spill with inert material (e.g. Vermiculite, sand or soil), then place in suitable container.

• Spill may be carefully neutralized with lime (Calcium oxide).

 PHOSPHORIC ACID RELEASE – EMERGENCY HANDLING

Fire Involving Tanks or Car/Trailer of Phosphoric Acid

• Fight fire from a distance, avoid getting water inside containers.

• Cool containers with water until the fire is fully extinguished.

• Always stay away from tanks in a fire.

• Any suitable fire extinguishing media (water, CO2 etc.) can be used to extinguish fires.

• Dilute toxic gases with water spray.

• Manage toxic firefighting water by using it moderately and collecting/containing it if possible.

 SULPHURIC ACID RELEASE – EMERGENCY HANDLING

Properties:
• Liquid, Colorless to yellow, PH Point: 0.3 (49 g/l H₂O) and
Exothermically soluble in water
Concentration* Effect
Health Hazards of Sulphuric Acid Exposure
0.2 mg/ m3 TLV-TWA
• Corrosive to all body tissues and inhalation may cause serious
lung damage. 3 mg/ m3 TLV-STEL
• Contact with eyes may lead to total vision loss and skin
1 mg/ m3 OSHA PEL
contact can cause severe damage.
• While few drops can be fatal if the acid reaches the trachea. 15 mg/ m3 IDLH

*Concentration in mg in one cubic meter of air

(equivalent to 1L or 1000mL)
 SULPHURIC ACID RELEASE – EMERGENCY HANDLING

Medical Treatment of Sulphuric Acid Exposure

First-Aid Measures General:
• Unconscious Victim: Check vital functions, maintain airway, provide artificial respiration or oxygen for respiratory
arrest, and perform cardiac resuscitation.
• Conscious Victim: Position on back, prevent vomiting, monitor, provide psychological aid, and consult a doctor.
• Eye & Skin Contact: Wash with water for 15 minutes, do not use neutralizing agents, cover wounds, consult a
doctor.
• Ingestion: Rinse mouth, do not induce vomiting, consult a doctor.
 SULPHURIC ACID RELEASE – EMERGENCY HANDLING

Fire Hazards of Sulphuric Acid

1. Sulphuric acid is non-combustible with NFPA flammability rating of “0”, however, it is highly reactive (NFPA rating 2)
and capable of igniting.

2. When heated, it emits highly toxic fumes. Avoid heat; water and organic materials.

3. Sulfuric acid react violently with water.

Note: Establish ICC upon accidental release; no siren for sulfuric Acid release; use local area alarm for emergency
communication.
 ACCIDENTAL release of UREA-FORMALDEHYDE (UF85)

Properties of UF-85

• Urea manufacturing uses UF-85, a mixture of 60% formaldehyde,

25% urea, and the rest water.
Concentration Effect
• Pure UF-85 is a colorless liquid, with a pH of 2.8–4.0 (at 25 °C and
37% solution), and it is miscible in water. 0.1 ppm TLV-TWA

Health Hazards
0.3 ppm TLV-STEL
• Acute effects: Inhalation or absorption can lead to death, severe
eye burns, skin irritation, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, 0.75 ppm OSHA PEL
abdominal pain, and blindness.
• Chronic effects: Include carcinogenicity, respiratory tract
irritation, reproductive disorders, asthma, dermatitis, and
multiple organ damage.
 ACCIDENTAL release of UREA-FORMALDEHYDE (UF85)

Medical Treatment of UF-85 Exposure

• Eye & Skin protection: Flush eyes with abundant water for at least 20 minutes. Avoid using eye ointment.
• Inhalation: Move the patient to fresh air. Administer approved oxygen supply if breathing is difficult. Provide artificial
respiration or CPR if breathing has ceased. Seek immediate medical attention.
• Ingestion: If conscious, rinse the mouth with water. Do not induce vomiting.
Fire & Explosion Hazards of UF-85
• UF-85, a mixture of 60% Formaldehyde with 25% Urea and balance water, is primarily assessed for its Formaldehyde fire
hazard. Formaldehyde vapors are flammable, and containers may explode when heated.
• Flash Point: 50 - 78 °C, Flammable Limits: 7% to 73%

• Note: Establish ICC upon accidental release; no siren for UF-85 release; use local area alarm for emergency communication.
 ACCIDENTAL release of UREA-FORMALDEHYDE (UF85)

Emergency Control Measures of UF-85 Released

• Eliminate all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area)

• Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

• Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

• Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

• Absorb or cover with dry soil, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

• Use water spray to reduce vapors.

Personal Protection Equipment to Handle UF-85 Release
• Use self-contained breathing apparatus, rubber boots, heavy rubber gloves, and a chemical suit.

• If adequate ventilation is not available an approved respirator must be worn for respiratory protection.

• Wear impervious clothing, including boots, gloves, apron or coveralls, as appropriate to prevent skin contact.
 DISASTER MANAGEMENT – AIR RAID / SABOTAGE

Air raid is an attack in which bombs are dropped from aircraft on to a ground target.

• During an air raid, the siren will sound for a total duration of 2 minutes.

• Upon siren activation, lights in OCEA, SRB, street lights, and other buildings are switched off.

• In the event of an air raid, both ICC and BCC will be established to manage the emergency situation.

Safety Precautions for Air Raid Emergency

• Ensure gas masks are available in specified operating areas.

• Evacuate top floors and height points, using lower elevations for shelter.

• Stay inside buildings and avoid movement during the siren.

• Refrain from using mobile phones or communication devices.

• Consider turning off operating area lights temporarily (15-30 min), use torches for essential movement, and keep away from
windows and doors, covering them if glass.

• Keep the inventory of hazardous and flammable material as low as possible.

THANK YOU