8

Potencial Enegy and

Kinetic Energy

Learning Activity Sheets in

Science 8
ere First Quarter-Week 3

RESYLE D. BAUTISTA
Developer
Department of Education • Cordillera Administrative Region

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 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Cordillera Administrative Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ABRA
Actividad-Economia St., Zone 2, Bangued, Abra

Published by:
DepEd Abra, Curriculum Implementation Division,
Learning Resource Management Section

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This material has been developed for the implementation of the K-12
Curriculum through the Curriculum Implementation Division (CID)—Learning
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 PREFACE

This Learning Activity Sheet is a project of the Curriculum Implementation

Division, Learning Resource Management Section, Department of Education,
Schools Division of Abra. This aims to support all Learning Delivery Modalities
anchored on the DepEd K-12 curriculum/the Most Essential Learning
Competencies/Alternative Learning System.

Year of Redevelopment : 2024

Resource Location : Schools Division of Abra
Learning Area : Science
Grade Level :8
Learning Resource Type : Learning Activity Sheet
Quarter :1
Week :3
Learning Competency/MELC : Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy
Code : S8FE-Ia-16

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Producing this set of Learning Activity Sheets entails a lot of effort and time
management. It would not have been brought to success without the assistance of
individuals to whom the developer extends his gratitude.
To the Division LRMS team managed by Mr. Bernardo P. Beronilla,
Education Program Supervisor, for the continuous quality assurance and
enhancement training.
To Mr. Bhenjo Agaloos, Education Program Supervisor in Science, Mrs.
Fernandina B. Lagundino, Public Schools District Supervisor for Bangued, and Mr.
Lino V. Queza, Abra High School Principal, for the trust and encouragement.
To his family, co-teachers, and friends for their support and love.
Above all, to Almighty God for His omnipotence.

RESYLE D. BAUTISTA
Abra High School-Sinalang Extension, Bangued District

LEARNING RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT and QUALITY ASSURANCE

BHENJO AGALOOS
Education Program Supervisor for Science

RIZA E. PERALTA GRYAN LYLE C. NAVARRO

Librarian II Project Development Officer II-LRMS

BERNARDINO P. BERONILLA
Education Program Supervisor for LRMS

CONSULTANTS:

HEDWIG M. BELMES
Chief Education Supervisor - CID

CRISTOPHER C. BENIGNO, PhD, EdD, CESO VI

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

AMADOR D. GARCIA SR. PhD, CESO VI

Schools Division Superintendent

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Copyright Notice ………………………………………………..……...…..……… ii
Preface ………………………………………………………………...…….……….. iii
Acknowledgement ………………………………………………….…….…......... iv
Table of Contents …………………………………………………….…….……… v
Discussion Lesson ...……………………………………………………............ 1-3
Activity 1 …………………………………………………….……………………… 3
Activity 2 ……………………………………………………………………………. 3-4
Activity 3 ……………………………………………………………………………. 4
Activity 4 ………………………………………...…………………………………. 5
Activity 5 ……………………………………………………………………………. 5
Concept Formation/Generalization .…………………………………………. 6
Key to Corrections ……………………………………………………………….. 7
References ………………………………………………………………………….. 8

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 Potential and Kinetic Energy
Energy: The ability to do work

Let us consider the following situations: A fast-moving softball hit a

stationary, open door which caused it to move. An object lifted to a certain height
using a rope, elevated the object from the ground. A hammer struck on a nail that
was placed on a piece of wood, pushed the nail into the wood. A toy car’s key was
twisted, placed on the floor and started to move. In all these situations, forces
acting on the objects are doing work.
An object requires energy to do work. Consider two objects A and B that are
about to interact with each other. When object A is pushed, an applied force is
doing work on it. Object A possesses kinetic energy while moving towards a
stationary object B. In this situation, object A loses energy while object B gains
energy. When this happens, energy is transferred from object A to object B. This
indicates that any object that has energy can do work.
Energy is the ability or capacity to do work. Its unit is the same as the unit
of work, expressed in joule (J) in the SI system. One (1) J is the energy needed to
accomplish one (1) joule of work. A larger unit of energy called kilojoule (kJ) is
sometimes used. One (1) kJ is equal to1000 J.

Potential Energy

Figure 1. A man lifting a box

Source: Pia C. Campo, et. Al., A man lifting a box,
Science 8 Learner’s Material, Philippines, FEP
Printing Corporation, 2016

Which or who is doing work in Figure 1? Is it the table, the box, or the man?
Yes, you are correct! The man is doing work on the box. Specifically, the force he
applied while lifting is doing work on the box. What is the direction of the force
exerted by the man on the box? What is the direction of the motion of the box? Yes,
both are directed upward. Work, as discussed earlier, is a way to transmit energy.
Hence, when the man exerted force in lifting the box, he loses energy. Work is done
on the box, and the box gains energy.

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 You have learned that force of gravity is the force exerted by the Earth on all
things. It is always directed downward or towards the center of the Earth.
Consequently, when an object is raised from the Earth, the force exerted in lifting
the object is equal to its weight,

F = Weight = mg

The work done in lifting the object is:

W = Fd

where the displacement (d) is the height (h) the object is raised. Thus, the
work done in lifting the object against the gravitational force is given by

W=mgh

The work performed in lifting an object is equals to the potential energy the
object gains. An object absorbs energy when lifted from the ground and when
allowed to fall, it loses energy. The energy that the body gains or losses with respect
to its position is called potential energy (PE) and is given by

PE=mgh

where: PE is the potential energy in joules (J);

m is the object's mass in kilograms (kg); g is the acceleration

due to gravity which is 9.8 m/s²; and
h is the height of the object from the reference point (e.g., ground) in
meters (m).

Kinetic Energy

What is common in the following situations? A running athlete on the track,

a flowing water on the ground, a falling coconut from its tree, a rolling rock on the
seashore, and a soaring airplane into the air. They are all moving and are acted
upon by forces. Any object that moves possesses energy and can do work. An
object that moves quicker can do more work than an identical object that moves
slowly. How much energy does a moving object possess? We say that the kinetic
energy of an object moving at a certain speed is equal to the work done to make it
acquire that speed.
The energy of a moving object is called energy of motion or kinetic energy
(KE). The word kinetic comes from the Greek word kinetikos which means moving.
Kinetic energy measures the amount of work the object can do because of its
motion.
This can be computed using the formula:

KE = ½ mv²

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 where: KE is the kinetic energy in joule (J),

m is the object's mass in kilogram (kg), and v is

the object's speed in meter per second (m/s).

From the formula, the kinetic energy of an object depends on its mass and
speed. What will happen to the KE of an object if its mass is doubled but the speed
remains the same? The KE of an object is also doubled. How about if the speed is
doubled but the mass remains the same? The KE of an object increases four times.
This means that the greater the mass, the greater the kinetic energy; and the faster
the speed the higher the kinetic energy as well.

Activity 1

True or False: Write “True” is the statement is true Write “False” if the statement is
false.

_____ 1. Objects that have kinetic energy are not moving.

_____ 2. A lit match has potential energy.
_____ 3. A thrown baseball has kinetic energy.
_____ 4. Potential energy is energy of motion.
_____ 5. If a car’s speed increases, then its kinetic energy increases.
_____ 6. Two identical books are on the same shelf. They have different amount of
potential energy.
_____ 7. Potential energy can be change to Kinetic energy.
_____ 8. Kinetic energy is energy at rest.
_____ 9. Energy in motion is kinetic energy.
_____ 10. A person climbing a tree has potential energy.

Activity 2
Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy

Directions: Identify whether the objects in the given situations possess Potential
Energy or Kinetic Energy. Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. Throwing a ball
2. Mangoes on a tree
3. Walking down the street
4. Bow and arrow
5. Falling down the stairs

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 6. Dam holding and releasing water
7. Boy kicking a ball playing soccer
8. Roller coaster at its highest point
9. Flying airplane
10. A sling shot being pulled

Activity 3

Directions: Complete each sentence with the corresponding word.

Potential Energy is stored energy and is waiting to work.

Kinetic Energy is energy that is working.

1. The apple in the table is __________

2. The apple falling from the table is __________

3. If the rock falls from the hill, it is __________

4. I the rock is still; it is __________

5. If the boy throws the ball is __________

6. The ball on the boy’s hand is __________

7. When the apple in the tree is __________

8. When the apple is falling from the tree is __________

9. If the light is on, it is _________

10. If the light is off, it is _________

Activity 4

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Directions: Solve the following problem in Potential Energy Potential Energy (PE)=
mass times the acceleration due to gravity times height. Show your
solution in your answer sheet.

PE = mgh = (g= 9.8 m/s 2)

1-2. A 60 kg person walks from the ground to the roof of a 74.8 m tall building.
How much gravitational potential energy does she have at the top of the
building?
3-4. A 35 kg mass is lifted to a height of 4m. What is the gravitational potential
energy?
5-6. What is the potential energy of a 10.0 kg rock sitting on a cliff 30 meters
high?
7-8. What is the gravitational potential energy of a girl who has a mass of 40
kg and is standing on the edge of a diving board that is 5m above the
water?
9-10. How much energy will take to lift a 50 kg object up 33 meters in height?

Activity 5

Directions: Solve the following problem in Kinetic Energy.

Kinetic Energy (KE)= ½ mass times velocity squared

KE=½mv2

1-2. What is the kinetic energy of a 150 kg object that is moving with a speed
of 15 m/s?
3-4. An object has a kinetic energy of 25 J and a mass of 34 kg, how fast is the
object moving?
5-6. An object moving with a speed of 35 m/s and has a kinetic energy of 1500
J. what is the mass of the object
7-8. What is the kinetic energy of a 1200 kg object that is moving with a speed
of 24 m/s?
9-10. An object has a kinetic energy of 14 J and a mass of 17 kg how fast is the
object

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 Concept Formation/Generalization

Energy is everywhere and comes in many forms, with the two most common
forms known as Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy. Though they’re very
different in terms of how they interact with the physical world, they have certain
aspects that make them complementary to one another.

Kinetic energy is created when potential energy is released, spurred into

motion by gravity or elastic forces, among other catalysts.

Kinetic energy is energy of motion. When work is done on an object and it

accelerates, it increases the kinetic energy of an object. The most important
factors that determine kinetic energy is the motion (measured as velocity) and
the mass of the object.

Potential energy is the stored energy in an object due to its position,

properties, and forces acting on it.

Kinetic Energy at work

Potential Energy at rest

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 KEY TO CORRECTIONS

ACTIVITY 1 ACTIVITY 2 ACTIVITY 3

1. FALSE 1. KINETIC ENERGY 1. KINETIC ENERGY
2. TRUE 2. POTENTIAL ENERGY 2. POTENTIAL ENERGY
3. TRUE 3. KINETIC ENERGY 3. KINETIC ENERGY
4. FALSE 4. POTENTIAL ENERGY 4. POTENTIAL ENERGY
5. TRUE 5. KINETIC ENERGY 5. KINETIC ENERGY
6. FALSE 6. KINETIC ENERGY 6. KINETIC ENERGY
7. TRUE 7. KINETIC ENERGY 7. POTENTIAL ENERGY
8. FALSE 8. POTENTIAL ENERGY 8. KINETIC ENERGY
9. TRUE 9. KINETIC ENERGY 9. KINETIC ENERGY
10. FALSE 10. POTENTIAL ENERGY 10. POTENTIAL ENERGY

ACTIVITY 4 ACTIVITY 5
1-2. PE=44012.2452 J 1-2. KE=1.6875 J
3-4. PE=1372.931 J 3-4. v=1.28 m/s
5-6. PE=2941.995 J 5-6. m=2.45 kg
7-8. PE=1961.33 J 7-8. KE=345.600 s
9-10. PE=16180.9725 J 9-10. v=1.28 m/s

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 REFERENCES

Books Campo, Pia C., et.al. Science Learner's Module 8. Pasig City: Department of
Education, 2016

https://www.google.com/search?client=ms-android-oppo-
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qcZnsMbT38ZFOOtsOqnoHIkubqez2Qd2sl7cnEZmmpTmXxBL3LvQ-
vZPBQWKYBjy-DljXmEIot9TO9bzHrpkHqQIK4N_bWWR-aYEqKNVZck-
qyjtt5PoXkEJuLe4GKYeNNhQ4plv-
iWEy&udm=2&prmd=ivsnmbtz&sa=X&sqi=2&pjf=1&ved=2ahUKEwi2-
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https://www.google.com/search?client=ms-android-oppo-
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GzWQpWJf1dDJi2tfQCQTLFVLCxIUk25qo23fUbSA0sszQ5oPK4Q7SWoA5oAzV7WW
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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Abra
Actividad-Economia Street, Zone 2, Bangued, Abra
Telephone No.: (074) 614-6918
Email: abra@deped.gov.ph
Website: depedabra.com