Module in Science 8

Second Quarter

SONIA F. UTLEG
Developer

Department of Education • Cordillera Administrative Region

Schools Division of Kalinga
District of Northern Pinukpuk
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Cordillera Administrative Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF KALINGA
Bulanao, Tabuk City, Kalinga

Published by the
Learning Resource Management and Development System

COPYRIGHT NOTICE
2020

Section 9 of Presidential Decree No. 49 provides:

“No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the

Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency of office wherein
the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.”

This material has been developed for the implementation of K-12 Curriculum
through the Curriculum Implementation Division (CID)—Learning Resource
Management and Development System (LRMDS). It can be reproduced for
educational purposes and the source must be acknowledged. Derivatives of the work
including creating an edited version, an enhancement or a supplementary work are
permitted provided all original work is acknowledged and the copyright is attributed.
No work may be derived from this material for commercial purposes and profit.

ii
 PREFACE

This module is a project of the Curriculum Implementation Division particularly

the Learning Resource Management and Development Unit, Department of
Education, Schools Division of Kalinga which is in response to the implementation of
the K to 12 Curriculum.

This Learning Material is a property of the Department of Education- CID,

Schools Division of Kalinga. It aims to improve students’ performance specifically in
Science.

Date of Development : May 2020

Resource Location : SDO Kalinga-LRMS
District : Northern Pinukpuk District
School : Camalog National High School
Learning Area : Science
Grade Level :8
Learning Resource Type : ADM Module
Quarter/Week : Q2/W3
Learning Competency/Code : Explain how earthquake waves
provide information about the interior
of the earth; S8ES-IIc17.

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In the presence world of competition where there is a race in which those who
are having will surely come to success and those who will sacrifice will be rewarded,
I wish to express my gratitude to those who help in the development of this learning
material. The fulfillment of this learning material would not be possible without these
people who gave me their support and encouragement.

Above all, the almighty father Jesus Christ, the source of my knowledge and
skills. Who made all things possible.

To my husband Jovencio T. Utleg, who is very much concern to my health and

hygiene during the making of this ADM.

To my energetic and intelligent District Supervisor, Mam Ginadine L. Balagso,

for patiently editing my works and giving suggestions and word of appreciations that
boost my strength to continue developing ADM.

To my School Head, Sir Douglas P. Mangida, and to our Division Science

Supervisor, Mam Michelle Joan Balicao for their motivations and encouragement.

And to the,
DIVISION LRMDS STAFF:

Marilou A. Balinsat Sharon Rose S. Boguen

Librarian II PDO II

EVELYN C. GANOTICE
EPS/LR Manager

CONSULTANTS:

ROMULO A. GALNAWAN
Chief, Curriculum Implementation

AMADOR D. GARCIA, SR., PhD

OIC, Schools Division Superintendent

iv
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page

Title . . . . . . . . . . 1
Copyright Notice . . . . . . . . 2
Preface . . . . . . . . . 3
Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . 4
Table of Content . . . . . . . . 5
What I Need to Know . . . . . . . 6
What I Know . . . . . . . . . 7
What’s In . . . . . . . . . 8
What’s New . . . . . . . . . 9
What is It . . . . . . . . . 14
What’s More . . . . . . . . . 17
What I Have Learned . . . . . . . 18
What Can I Do . . . . . . . . 18
Assessment . . . . . . . . . 19
Additional Activity . . . . . . . . 20
Answer Key . . . . . . . . . 20
References . . . . . . . . . 24

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 MESSAGE

For the Facilitator:

This module will use by the grade 8 Students in science, the module contains
information and suggested learning activities on How earthquake waves provide
information about the interior of the Earth and it includes instructions and
procedures of all the activities to be done.

The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning

situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students.
The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order
in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now
using.

To the Learners:

The module contains information and suggested learning activities in Science

Grade 8 which is focus on the knowledge of How earthquake waves provide
information about the interior of the Earth . You, as a learner can ask assistance
from any of your family member or anybody from your neighbor who can help you.
You are lucky if you living near to your teacher in the said subject for you can ask her
help any time you need.
Furthermore, please use a mini notebook as a separate sheet’s in answering
the pre-test, self-check exercises, assessment and enrichment activities.

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
understand on how earthquake waves provide information about the interior of the
Earth. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning
situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students.
The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order
in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now
using.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

Learning Objectives:
1. Discuss the characteristics of the different type of an Earthquake waves.
 2. Illustrate how waves give us a picture of the earth’s interior.
3. Describe the interior layers of the Earth.
4. Draw and label the parts of the interior layers of the earth.

What I Know

Let us find out how much you already know about how earthquake waves provide
information about the interior of the Earth.

Part 1: Multiple Choices. Read and understand the statements /questions below.
Choose the letter of the best answer and write it in your answer sheet.

1. The semi-solid and semi-liquid layer of the earth.

a. Crust b. Inner core c. Mantle d. Outer Core
2. The outer most layer of the earth.
a. Mantle b. Inner core c. Crust d. Outer Core
3. The fastest form of earthquake waves, vibrates parallel to the direction of
motion in an Up and Down or push and pull motion.
a. P-waves b. S-waves c. Surface waves d. Body waves
4. The inner most and hottest part of the Earth.
a. Core b. Mantle c. Crust d. Ground
5. A type of surface wave that causes the shaking that we felt during an
earthquake.
a. Love wave b. Rayleigh wave c. P-wave d. S-wave
6. It is a type of seismic wave moves side to side on the surface of the ground.
a. Love wave b. Rayleigh wave c. P-wave d. S-wave
7. An earthquake waves that can travel to the inner surface of the earth.
a. P-waves b. S-waves c. Surface waves d. Body waves
8. A powerful wave produced by an underwater fault.
a. P-wave b. Tsunami c. S-wave d. Rayleigh wave
9. Which statement is TRUE about Tsunami?
a. Tsunami is a powerful wind wave in the ocean.
b. It involves the whole depth of the sea, from seafloor to the surface.
c. Tsunami speed up as it reaches the shore.
d. Earthquake underwater is called tsunami.
10. What motion of faulting triggered a tsunami?
a. Sideward push c. Upward push
b. Downward push d. horizontal motion

2
Part 11. Arrange the correct sequence of the Interior layers of the earth from the
Innermost to the uppermost layer. Write your answer on the blank before each layer
and use A, B, C, D, and E instead of numbering from 1 to 5.

______ 1. Upper Mantle

______ 2. Inner Core
______ 3. Crust
______ 4. Lower Mantle
______ 5. Outer Core

What’s In

FORGET ME NOT!

This task is a flash back of the lesson discuss in your module 1 for Quarter 2 of
Week 2. It is always a best practice to look back and connect lessons that have learned
to the new one for you to keep the essential knowledge you need to remember. So let
us now proceed by looking at the illustration of an Earthquake and giving a feed back
to the five important words found in the brown box of Mr. Do you remember me.

Figure 1
Share what do you remember from this illustratio

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 What’s New

We often think of earthquake as something horror full. Why? News of April

22,2019 Philippine earthquake have caused many damages and deaths in the central
Luzon area. All of us are afraid of this ground shaking phenomena. However,
earthquakes help our scientists figure out what is inside the earth. Do you know How?
Let us begin our journey to find out the answer by doing activity 1.

ACTIVITY 1.
The Earthquake Waves
Objectives:
1. Demonstrate the four forms of a seismic waves.
2. State the characteristics of the four forms of an earthquake wave.

Procedure:
1. Study the picture in figure 2 and try to do it by yourself.

Figure 2

4
 Q1. Which of the four demonstration were the hardest and easiest to perform?

2. Read the attached downloaded worksheet. Figure 2.

Credit to Integrating Earth Science Text Book

Q2. What are the two Main Types of an Earthquake Wave? Give a short
description of each type.

Q3. Base from your reading of Figure 2, please fill up the missing information
on how the four types of earthquake moves in table 1.

Body Waves Surface Waves

Primary Secondary Love Wave Rayleigh
(P-Wave) (S-Wave) Wave
Speed
Motion

5
3. Make your own outline from the attached downloaded file on the characteristics of
the following earthquake waves; P-wave, S-wave, Love wave and Rayleigh wave
pointing out how this wave’s gives a picture of the earth’s interior surface.

ATTACHED FILES FROM THE INTERNET

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 Earthquakes and Tsunamis

In March 2011, a powerful earthquake took place in the Pacific Ocean near
Japan. Afterward, a tsunami hit Japan. Tens of thousands (please check
approximate figures) Twenty thousand people were killed. More than a million
houses and buildings were damaged or destroyed.
In December 2004, a strong earthquake occurred in the Indian Ocean near
Indonesia. A tsunami soon followed. More than 200,000 people were confirmed
dead, many of them in Indonesia, Thailand, India, and Sri Lanka.
In 1976, an earthquake took place in the Moro Gulf in Mindanao. Later on,
a tsunami hit nearby coastal areas. Thousands of people were killed. Many more
were declared missing.
What is the connection between earthquakes and tsunamis?
Faults are found not only on land but also under the sea. When a fault at the
bottom of the sea suddenly moves, the water above it can be affected. A sudden
push from an underwater fault can produce a wave called a tsunami.
Unlike a wave that is formed by the wind, a tsunami is so much more
powerful. Wind waves are just sea-surface waves. In comparison, a tsunami
involves the whole depth of the sea, from the seafloor to the surface.
Far from the shore, a tsunami is low, maybe just a meter high. But it travels
at the speed of a jet plane. When the tsunami reaches the shore, it slows down but
it grows in height.
A tsunami is very destructive because the force of the whole ocean is behind
it. This is the reason why whole towns and cities are totally devastated after a
tsunami attack.
So, how are earthquakes related to tsunamis? When a fault suddenly moves
on land, you get an earthquake. But if a fault suddenly moves in or near a body of
water, you may get a tsunami in addition to the earthquake.
Thus, when you are near the sea and you feel a strong earthquake, treat
that as a warning signal. Run to the highest place you can find, or if you have a
vehicle, evacuate inland.
Not every fault movement beneath the sea will produce a tsunami. Those
faults that move in a horizontal. direction or sideways will not result in a tsunami.
The fault has to move in the vertical sense. In the activity, a sudden upward push
triggered the wave.
Taken from Science 8 Learner’s Module pages 133 & 135

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 https://www.edinformatics.com/math_science/seismic_waves_usgs.gif

Q4. What are the Characteristics of the Earthquake waves?

Q5. Where does the body and the surface wave’s travel?

Q6. What is the importance of a Seismic wave?

Q7. What is a Tsunami?

Q8. How are earthquake related to tsunami?

Q9. Why is the whole towns and cities are totally devastated whenever a
tsunami attack?

Q10. How do seismic waves give’s a picture of the Earth’s interior?

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Activity 2.
What’s Inside the Earth?

Objective:

To be able to describe the Interior part of the earth.

To draw and label the four layers of the Earth Interior.

Instruction:

1. Read everything inside the boxes of Knowledge.

2. Understand the meaning of terms discussed in every phrases or illustrations.
3. Reflect what you have learned by answering the questions below.

Your next task is to READ! UNDERSTAND! REFLECT!

Your next journey is exploring to the places where beyond our naked eyes can’t
see and our body can’t go. As you know by now, focus of an earthquake is inside the
earth. The shaking of the ground is caused by the seismic wave that comes from the
focus. The characteristics of the earthquake waves helps our scientist to give a picture
of what is inside the earth? How? Let’s find out by doing Activity 2. Let Us continue!

READ! UNDERSTAND!
Our Boxes of Knowledge

http://image.slidesharecdn.com/module2

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Photo credit to http://ffden-2.phys.uaf.edu/weebproj/212...spring...2015/ariel....

https://image.slidesharecdn.com/faultsandearthquakes-

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REFLECT! It’s your turn to show what you have learned. Answer this!

1. What are the four Layers of the Earth?

2. Where do earthquake found?

3. How do we describe the crust in terms of thickness?

4. Which of the layers of the earth interior is the hottest?

5. Do you think there is also shaking in the inner core during an earthquake?
Why?

What is It

Knowledge and skills in understanding earthquake waves are discussed in

Activity 1. These are listed in table 2 on the Major Type of Earthquake Waves and
table 3 on the four types of a Seismic wave. The Interior part of the earth is tackled in
activity 2 specifically the basic characteristics of the interior layers of the earth.
Table 2: Two Major Type of Earthquake Waves
Type Characteristics
1. Body Wave  Can travel into the Earth inner layers
 There are two type of body wave, the P-wave
and the S-wave.
2. Surface Wave  Can only travel into the surface of the earth
 It has two type, the Love wave and the
Rayleigh wave.

Table 3: Four Types of Seismic Wave

Wave Type Characteristics
1. Primary Wave - Vibration is parallel to the direction they are travelling
in a push-pull motion with a velocity of 4-6 km/sec
- P-wave can travel in solid, liquid, and in gas. It can
travel to the different layers of the earth Interior
surfaces.
- It is form of a compression wave.
2. Secondary Wave - Vibration is perpendicular (Up and Down) to their
direction of travel with a velocity of 3-4 km/sec

11
 - S-wave can only travel in solid but not in Liquid and
gas.
- It is a form of transverse wave.
3. Love Wave - Moves on the surface of the ground from side to side
motion with a velocity of about 4 km/sec
- It is a form of a transverse wave
- Moves only in the ground surface in back and forth
path.
4. Rayleigh Wave - Moves on the surface of the ground slower than the
Love wave in a circular motion.
- The shaking that we felt during an earthquake is
caused by Rayleigh wave.
- Moves only in the surface of the ground in circular
motion.

Other Important Feature in the lesson

Earthquake and Tsunami
Tsunami is a form of wave produce from a sudden push of underwater Fault. It
is much powerful than other form of wave that involves the whole dept of the sea from
the seafloor to the surface of water. Tsunami travels at the speed of a jet plane. When
the tsunami reaches the shore, it slows down but it grows in height. So, how are
earthquakes related to tsunamis? When a fault suddenly moves on land, you get an
earthquake. But if a fault suddenly moves in or near a body of water, you may get a
tsunami in addition to the earthquake.
Importance of Earthquake Waves.
It helps scientist to;

1. Predict earthquakes and tsunamis.

2. Picture the earth’s interior part.

For example, as seismic waves travel deeper into the crust, they speed up.
That means that at depth the rocks are denser. In the upper part of the
mantle, the waves slow down. That means the rocks there are partially
molten.

As the waves reach the core, one kind of seismic wave (s-waves)
disappears. That means that the outer core is liquid. At certain depths, the
waves are reflected and refracted (bent). That means the Earth must be
layered.

12
 Thus, earthquake waves give us a picture of the Earth’s interior, the way an
“ultrasound” provides an image of a baby inside the womb. This is why
scientists know a bit about the interior of our home planet, even if no one
has gone deep into the Earth yet.

The Four Interior Layers of the Earth

1. Crust is the thinnest and brittle layer of the Earth’s Interior. It comprises
The continent and the ocean basins. The crust composed mainly of aluminum
silicates.

2. Mantle is divided into two parts, the upper mantle and the lower mantle. It is a
dense and hot semi-solid rock layer, composed mainly of Ferro-magnesium
Silicate. It is where most of the internal heat of the earth is located

3. The Core makes up one third (1/3) of the mass of the earth. Made up of two
distinct parts;

a. Outer Core is the thick liquid layer made up of iron and of very dense.
Thickest than the inner core.

b. Inner Core is solid is made up of solid iron and nickel. Many scientists
believe that it keeps in solid states due to the extreme pressure from the
other layers. It is the innermost layer of the earth.

What’s More

Word Game:

For you to recall what you have read, please play the prepared Word Game
Puzzle. Please use pencil and write lightly the letter inside each box then copy your
answer in your answer sheets before you erase from the box.

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 What is the Word?
1 2 3 4
5

6 7 8

10
11
12
13
14

15

QUESTIONS
1 What do we call the spot hidden underground directly above the epicenter?

2 What do we call the inner most layer of the earth?

3 What form of wave is produce by an underwater fault?

4 Where do tsunami come from?

5 Which kind of wave do we classify the rayleigh and love waves?

6 What do we call the spot above the Focus of an earthquake?

7 What type of wave is the fastest and moves up and down to the direction of motion?

8 What form of surface wave most likely seen in an ocean wave?

9 What form of body wave moves perpindicular to the direction they travel?

10 What is the common term of an earthquake wave?

11 Which kind of wave do we classify P-and S-waves?

12 How do we describe the earth's core?

13 At a certain depts, waves are reflected and refracted. What do we call this process?

14 What do we call the semi-solid and semi-liquid part of the Earth?

15 What part of the earth is pictured from an earthquake waves?

14
 What I Have Learned

1. What are the Two Main Types of Earthquake waves?

2. What are the Four Types of Seismic Wave?

3. What is a Tsunami?

4. What is the importance of earthquake waves to the seismologist and

geologists?

5. What are the Interior layers of the Earth?

What I Can Do

For you to be more familiar with the earthquake waves and the layers of the
earth, you are required to submit a picture of the interior surface of the earth with an
anatomy of an earthquake. You can refer to the illustrations given in this module.

Procedure:
1. Choose the one that you can do at your best and availability of materials in your
home or nearby stores. I encourage you to make use of our indigenous
materials or any available materials that could be recycled to avoid spending
money for the said task.
a. Draw and color, use ¼ sheet of an illustration board.
b. Mosaic model
c. Paper collage
d. Paint

15
 Assessment

Post-test

Part 1: Matching Type:

Instruction: Match the description in column A with the terms in column B. write the
letter of the correct match in your answer sheets.

A B

______1. The Solid-rock layer of the earth. A. Mantle

______2. The outer most layer of the earth B. Core
______3. The thickest, hottest and inner most part C. Crust
of the Earth. D. Love wave
______4. The fastest vibrates parallel to the direction of E. Rayleigh
motion in an Up and Down type of earthquake wave. F. S-wave
______5. The type of seismic wave moves side to side on the G. P-wave
surface of the ground. H. Tsunami
______6. An earthquake waves that can travel to the inner I. Push Up
surface of the earth. J. Seismic
______7. A type of surface wave that causes the shaking that K. Side to side
we felt during an earthquake.
______8. The motion of faulting that creates a tsunami
______9. It is the other term for an earthquake wave.
______10. A powerful wave produced by an underwater fault.

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Part II. Arrange the correct sequence of the Interior layers of the earth from the surface
of the ground to the deepest layer inside the earth. Write your answer on the blank
before each layer and use A, B, C, D, and E instead of numbering from 1 to 5.
_____1. Upper Mantle
_____2. Inner Core
_____3. Crust
_____4. Lower Mantle
_____5. Outer Core

Additional Activities

Label the drawing below identifying the pointed parts.

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 18
What’s New
Activity 1. Earthquake waves
Q1. Answer vary because of individual differences of learners but the most correct
answer is the Rayleigh wave.
Q2. Two Main Types of an Earthquake Wave
1. Body waves – can travel to the deepest layer inside the earth.
2. Surface waves – can only travel at the earth’s surface.
Q3 table 1
Body Waves Surface Waves
Primary Secondary Love Wave Rayleigh
(P-Wave) (S-Wave) Wave
Speed 4-6 km/sec - 3-4 km/sec -4 km/
sec Slowest
Motion Parallel/ Perpendicular Transverse/ Circular
push- /Up and Down side to side Motion
pull
motion
What’s In What I Know
FORGET ME NOT! 1. Mantle.
2. Crust
Intensity – is measured with PHIVOLC Earthquake 3. P-wave
Intensity Scale or the Mercalli Scale. It is the 4. Inner Core
measurement of shaking and how people felt at the 5. Rayleigh Wave
and near the epicenter. 6. Love Wave
7. Body Waves
Magnitude – is the amount of energy released from 8. Tsunami
the focus measured with the Richter Scale 9. It involves the whole depts
of the sea from the
Epicenter - is located at the earth’s surface just seafloor to the surface
above the focus. 10. Upward push
Focus - is the point inside the earth ground just below Part 11:
the epicenter where the rock slipped. 1. D
2. A
Seismic wave are earthquake waves comes in four 3. E
types; the P-wave, S-wave, Love wave and Rayleigh 4. C
wave. 5. B
Answer Key
 19
Q4. Characteristics of the Earthquake waves.
Wave Type Characteristics
1. Primary Wave - Vibration is parallel to the direction
they are travelling in a push-pull
motion with a velocity of 4-6 km/sec
- P-wave can travel in solid, liquid,
and in gas. It can travel to the
different layers of the earth Interior
surfaces.
- It is form of a compression wave.
2. Secondary Wave - Vibration is perpendicular (Up and
Down) to their direction of travel with
a velocity of 3-4 km/sec
- S-wave can only travel in solid but
not in Liquid and gas.
- It is a form of transverse wave.
3. Love Wave - Moves on the surface of the ground
from side to side motion with a
velocity of about 4 km/sec
- It is a form of a transverse wave
- Moves only in the ground surface in
back and forth path.
4. Rayleigh Wave - Moves on the surface of the ground
slower than the Love wave in a
circular motion.
- The shaking that we felt during an
earthquake is caused by Rayleigh
wave.
- Moves only in the surface of the
ground in circular motion.
Q5. Body waves can travel deepest layer inside the earth while surface waves can only
travel at the surface ground.
Q6. The importance of Seismic waves;
1. Use to predict an earthquake and tsunami
2. Important in locating the Focus and epicenter of an earthquake.
3. It reveals information on the Earth’s interior composition and
4. Gives picture of what is inside the character?
Q7. Tsunami is a form of a powerful wave produce from a sudden push of underwater
Fault.
Q8. The relationship between Earthquake and tsunami is, when a fault suddenly moves
on land, you get an earthquake but if a fault suddenly moves in or near a body of water,
you may get a tsunami in addition to the earthquake.
 20
What’s More
What is the Word?
1. FOCUS 6. EPICENTER 11. BODY
2. CORE 7. PRIMARY 12. HOT
3. TSUNAMI 8. RAYLEIGH 13. BENT
4. SEAFLOOR 9. SECONDARY 14. MANTLE
5. SURFACE 10. SEISMIC 15. INTERIOR
Q9. The whole towns and cities are totally devastated whenever a tsunami attack because
it is much powerful than other form of wave that involves the whole dept of the sea
from the seafloor to the surface of water. Tsunami travels at the speed of a jet plane.
When the tsunami reaches the shore, it slows down but it grows in height.
Q10. Earthquake waves give us a picture of the Earth’s interior, the way an “ultrasound”
provides an image of a baby inside the womb. This is why scientists know a bit about the
interior of our home planet, even if no one has gone deep into the Earth yet. As seismic
waves travel deeper into the crust, they speed up. That means that at depth the rocks are
denser. In the upper part of the mantle, the waves slow down. That means the rocks
there are partially molten. As the waves reach the core, one kind of seismic wave
(s-waves) disappears. That means that the outer core is liquid. At certain depths,
the waves are reflected and refracted (bent). That means the Earth must be
layered.
Activity 2. What’s Inside the Earth
1. Four Layers of the Earth
a. Crust is the thinnest and brittle layer of the Earth’s Interior composed mainly of
aluminum silicates.
b. Mantle is a dense and hot semi-solid rock layer. It is composed mainly of Ferro-
magnesium Silicate. It is where most of the internal heat of the earth is located.
c. Outer Core is the thick liquid layer made up of iron and of very dense. Thickest than
the inner core.
d. Inner Core is solid is made up of solid iron and nickel. Many scientists believe that it
keeps in solid states due to the extreme pressure from the other layers. It is the
innermost layer of the earth.
2. Mantle & Crust
3. Crust is the thinnest layer.
4. Inner core
5. There is no shaking in the inner core, because the shaking we felt during an
earthquake is caused by the surface waves. Surface waves travels on the surface
of the ground only and cannot travel through liquid.
 21
Additional Activities
Assessment
Part 1: Matching Type: Part 11:
1. A 6. L 1. B
2. C 7. E 2. E
3. B 8. I 3. A
4. G 9. J 4. C
5. D 10. H 5. D
What I Have Learned
A. Two Main Types of Earthquake waves.
1. Body waves
2. Surface wave
B. Four Types of Seismic Wave
1. Primary Wave
2. Secondary wave
3. Love wave
4. Rayleigh wave
C. Tsunami is a form of wave.
D. The Characteristics of each earthquake waves helps the scientist to give a
picture of the interior part of the planet earth.
E. Interior layers of the Earth.
1. Crust is the outermost layer of the earth
2. Mantle is the solid rock layer of the earth, divided into two; the upper
mantle next to the Crust and the lower mantle.
3. Core the thickest layer and divided into two parts;
a. The outer core is the hot liquid layer of the earth.
b. The Inner core is the innermost and hot solid layer of the earth.
 REFERENCES

Britanica.com. “Seismic Waves”. Access May 20, 2020. blog.britanica.com

Campo, Pia C.,et.al. n.d. Science Learner's Module. Republic of the Philippines:
Department of Education.
Nationalgeographic.com. “Earth’s Interior”. Access May 20, 2020.
http://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/earth/surfaceslideshare.net
Sciencenewsforstudents.com “SN Explainer: Earth”. Access May 21, 2020.
https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.com.
People.uwek.edu. “Types of Earthquake”. Access May 19, 2020.
http://people.uwek.edu>toivonen.

498-12-20MELCS

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 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education - Schools Division of Kalinga
Bulanao, Tabuk City, Kalinga
Telefax/Website: www.depedkalinga.ph
Email Address: kalinga@deped.gov.ph