2020-KAL-CID-LR-002

Earthquake and Faults

Module in Science 8
Second Quarter

Photo credit to www.panahonTv.com Photo credit to DOST PHIVOLCS-Philippines

SONIA F. UTLEG
Developer

Department of Education • Cordillera Administrative Region

Schools Division of Kalinga
District of Northern Pinukpuk
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Cordillera Administrative Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF KALINGA
Bulanao, Tabuk City, Kalinga

Published by the
Learning Resource Management and Development System

COPYRIGHT NOTICE
2020

Section 9 of Presidential Decree No. 49 provides:

“No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the

Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency of office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work
for profit.”

This material has been developed for the implementation of K-12 Curriculum
through the Curriculum Implementation Division (CID)—Learning Resource
Management and Development System (LRMDS). It can be reproduced for
educational purposes and the source must be acknowledged. Derivatives of the work
including creating an edited version, an enhancement or a supplementary work are
permitted provided all original work is acknowledged and the copyright is attributed.
No work may be derived from this material for commercial purposes and profit.

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 PREFACE

This module is a project of the Curriculum Implementation Division particularly

the Learning Resource Management and Development Unit, Department of
Education, Schools Division of Kalinga which is in response to the implementation of
the K to 12 Curriculum.

This Learning Material is a property of the Department of Education- CID,

Schools Division of Kalinga. It aims to improve students’ performance specifically in
Science.

Date of Development : April 2020

Resource Location : SDO Kalinga-LRMS
District : Northern Pinukpuk District
School : Camalog National High School
Learning Area : Science
Grade Level :8
Learning Resource Type : ADM Module
Quarter/Week : Q2/W1
Learning Competency/Code : Using models or illustrations, explain how
movements along faults generate earthquakes;
S8ES-IIa14

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The developer wishes to express her gratitude to those who help in the
development of this learning material. The fulfillment of this learning material would
not be possible without these people who gave their support, helping hand and
cooperation:

To my School Head, Sir Douglas P. Mangida, and to our Division Science

Supervisor, Mam Michelle Joan Balicao for their encouragement and supervision.

To our District Supervisor, Mam Ginadine L. Balagso, for her suggestions

and recommendations to make this ADM suitable to our grade 8 students.

Above all, the Almighty God, who provided her strength, courage, health
and endurance, and who made all these things possible.

DIVISION LRMDS STAFF:

Marilou A. Balinsat Sharon Rose S. Boguen

Librarian II PDO II

EVELYN C. GANOTICE
EPS/LR Manager

CONSULTANTS:

ROMULO A. GALNAWAN
Chief, Curriculum Implementation

AMADOR D. GARCIA, Ph.D., SR.

OIC SCHOOLS DIVISION SUPERINTENDENT

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title . . . . . . . . . . 1
Copyright Notice . . . . . . . . 2
Preface . . . . . . . . . 3
Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . 4
Table of Content . . . . . . . . 5
What I Need to Know . . . . . . . 6
What I Know . . . . . . . . . 7
What’s In . . . . . . . . . 8
What’s New . . . . . . . . . 9
What is It . . . . . . . . . 13
What’s More . . . . . . . . . 15
What I Have Learned . . . . . . . 16
What Can I Do . . . . . . . . 16
Assessment . . . . . . . . . 17
Additional Activity . . . . . . . . 18
Answer Key . . . . . . . . . 19
References . . . . . . . . . 23

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 2020-KAL-CID-LR-002

Earthquake and Faults

Module in Science 8
Second Quarter

Photo credit to www.panahonTv.com Photo credit to DOST PHIVOLCS-Philippines

SONIA F. UTLEG
Developer
 Message

For the Facilitator:

Patiently orient the learners and support the parents, elder sibling etc. of the
learners on how to use the module. This module will cover competency 1: Using
models or illustrations, explain how movements along faults generate earthquakes;
S8ES-IIa14 for the Second Grading Period in Science 8.
Furthermore, require the learners to use a mini notebook as a separate sheet
in answering the pre-test, self-check exercises, assessment and enrichment
activities.
To the Learners:
This module will use by the grade 8 Students in science, the module contains
information and suggested learning activities on the relationship between an
earthquakes and faults, and it includes instructions and procedures of all the
activities to be done.
You, as a learner must read carefully each part and answer whatever is being
ask. You can ask assistance from your siblings or anybody else who can help you in
this module but not to give the answer totally. You have to ensure that you
accomplished the given activities before reporting to your teacher for an actual
assessment. If you pass the assessment, you can proceed to the next module.

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
understand what is the relationship between Earthquakes and fault. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to
follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them
can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
The following icons will serve as your guide as you go on the different parts of
the lesson that you need to read, analyze and answer:

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 ICON LABEL DETAIL
What I Need (This contains the learning objectives which you need to
to Know accomplish.)
(Alamin) Dito napaloob ang mga layunin na kailangang tapusin.

What I Know (This assesses what you know about the lesson you are to
tackle.)
(Subukin) Maikling pagsusulit bago umpisahan ang aralin
What’s in (This connects the current lessons with the previous
lessons.)
(Balikan) Idinudugtong nito ang kasalukuyang aralin sa nakaraang
paksa.
What’s new (This introduces the lesson through an activity.)
(Tuklasin) Ipinapakilala ang aralin sa pamamagitan ng isang gawain

What is it (This contains a brief discussion of the lessons.)

Maikling talakayan sa paksa
(Suriin)
What’s more (These are activities to check your understanding of the
lesson.)
(Pagyamanin) Mga gawaing pagtataya ng pag-unawa
What I have (This summarizes the important ideas presented in the
learned lesson.)
(Isaisip) Kabuuan ng mga mahalagang kaisipan ng aralin

What I can do (This is a real-life application of what you have learned.)

Pagsasabuhay sa mga natutunan
(Isagawa)
Assessment (This is a post assessment of what you have learned.)
Maikling pagsusulit sa katapusan ng aralin
(Tayahin)
Additional This is an activity that will strengthen your knowledge
Activities about the lesson.
Pagninilay
Karagdagang
Gawain

After going through this module, you are expected to:

Learning Objectives:
1. Describe the appearance of fault and explain how a fault’s form.
2. Relate faults movements and earthquakes.

What I Know

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 Let us find out how much you already know about the Faults and how do
faults produce quakes.

Part 1: Multiple Choices. Read and understand the statements /questions below.
Choose the letter of the best answer and write it in your answer sheet.

1. A type of stress associated with the Normal fault.

a. Shearing b. Folding c. Compressional d. Tensional

2. What type of stress associated with a strike-slip fault?

a. Shearing b. Folding c. Compressional d. Tensional

3. A type of stress associated with a reverse Fault

a. Shearing b. Folding c. Compressional d. Tensional

4. A deformation leading to the moving down of the hanging wall and the
moving up of the foot wall.
a. Normal b. Reverse c. Strike-slip d. Crack

5. What is the fastest type of seismic wave?

a. Primary wave b. Secondary wave c. Surface Wave

6. A type of wave that do not travel in a liquid medium.

a. Primary wave b. Secondary wave c. Surface Wave

7. What type of fault do not produce earthquake?

a. Normal b. Reverse c. Active d. Inactive

8. This type of fault has a record of movement for the last 10,000 years.
a. Normal b. Reverse c. Active d. Inactive

9. A fracture in the earth crust on which movement has occur.

a. Fault b. Crack c. Fracture e. Quakes

10. A theory describing the motion of the earth plates.

a. Continental plate c. Tectonic plates
b. Drift Theory d. Laws of Motion

Part 11: True or False. Write “True” if the statement is correct and “False” if it is
wrong.
________________1. If the Friction is big it will result to strong earthquake.
________________2. The formation of a Normal fault is caused by a shear force.
________________3. Reverse Fault occurs at Convergent bounderies
________________4. The tectonic plates subduct in the Divergent Boundary.
________________5. Faulting releases energy in the form of a seismic wave.

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 What’s In

The learner prepares to describe the appearance of Fault and Explain how a Fault
form.
Let us take a look to the picture below.

Photo credit to GraphicMaps.com

Q1. What is the Ring of Fire?

Q2. Locate the Philippines, are we covered by the ring of fire?

Philippines is located along The Ring of Fire. How does this affect us? The
Pacific Ring of Fire is an area where a huge number of Earthquakes and Volcanic
eruptions occur in the basin of the Pacific Ocean. In this lesson we are going to
focus on the relationship between Earthquakes and faults.

What’s New

Earthquake and Fault. Do you know what these two terms mean? You will
learn about them in this lesson. Let us start with Faults.

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 Faults are associated with an Earthquake. When a fault suddenly moves, an
earthquake occurs. Do you know what is a fault? Do Activity No 1 to find out.

Activity 1.1 A fault-y setup

Objectives:

After performing this activity, you should be able to:

1. describe the appearance of a fault; and
2. explain how a fault form.

Materials Needed:

Screened sand Newspaper Marker Scissor

Used Illustration board/Hard Folders Ruler

Procedure:
1. Prepare all the materials needed shown in Figure 1.

Photo Credit to the developer

Figure 1

2. Spread the newspaper on flat surface. See Figure 2

Photo Credit to the developer

Figure 2

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3. Use the ruler to draw a straight line on the center of the illustration board or
folder. Cut along the line. See Figure 3

Photo Credit to the developer

Figure 3
4. Arrange the two sheets of cardboard edge to edge on the newspaper. (Fig.4)

Photo Credit to the developer

Figure 4. Cardboard sheets placed side by side.

5. Pour sand along the boundary of the two sheets (Figure 5).

Photo Credit to the developer

Figure 5. Sand along the boundary.

6. With the ruler, flatten the top of the sand and make two parallel lines. (Fig.6)

Photo Credit to the developer

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 Figure 6. Top of sand flattened.

7. Now, ask any of your family member to help you move the sheets slowly in the
directions shown in Figure 7.

Photo Credit to the developer

Figure 7

Q1. As you move the sheets, what is formed in the sand? You can take photo of
the top of the sand. Or write your observation.

Q2. What happens to the lines?

Now, study Figure 5. Do you see anything unusual?

Property of UNTV news. Ground Rupture in Surigao.

https://untvweb.com>new>phivolcs
Figure 5

Compare what you see in the picture and what you observed in the activity.

Q3. Is there something in the picture that looks like what was formed in the
activity?

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Q4. Do you see anything similar?

Q5. Based on the activity and the picture, describe what is a fault?

Faults are formed by the movements of the tectonic plates causing a break of
the ground. A Fault is a break in the earth crust, and along the break, significant
movement has taken place.

Faults are classified into two according to activity; Active and Inactive Faults.
There are three major types of Active faults namely; Normal Faults, Reverse Fault
and Strike-Slip fault.

Normal faults form when the hanging wall drops down, deformation is cause by
Tensional Stress. Reverse Faults form when the hanging wall moves up,
deformation is due to compressional stress and Strike-slip faults have wall that
move sideways not up or down deformation cause by shear stress.

Q6. Based from the given description of fault, what are represented by the
following materials used in the activity?
a. The two sheet of illustration board.
b. The screened sand.
c. The lines on top of the sand.

Activity 1.2.
Objective:

1. Use picture model to illustrate the three types of an active fault.

Procedure:

1. Study the illustrations then complete the table below by naming and giving a
short explanation to support your answer of the three types of Faults.

2. Use the Hanging wall and the footwall as your point of reference.

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 Type of Fault Explanation
A
B
C

What is It

In activity 1.1. is to simulate what the ground looks like as a rock move along a
fault. The screened sand represents the ground and the two sheets of illustration
board will represent the earth plates that will cause a fault. The two parallel lines
drawn on top of the flattened sand will be use as a reference point for what happen
when you move the sheets of paper and it will represent the position where faulting
appear. From this activity definition of Fault and how fault formed can be now
achieved by the students.
In activity 1.2 the illustrations will help student to identify the different forms of
an active fault using the labelled parts the hanging wall and the foot wall from this
teacher will supply other information that student could hardly grasp from the activity.
Active and Inactive Faults. Look and Read!

Photo Credit: Active and Inactive Faults (www.paleoseismicity.org)

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 Faults is an area of stress in the earth where broken rocks slide past each
other, resulting to a crack on the earth crust. Inactive faults or known as Dead Fault
does not cut or deform and do not have earthquakes. A fault is defined as an
Active Fault when it has a record of movement within the last 10,000 years and is
likely to cause another earthquake sometimes in the future.

Three Main Types of Faults:

Normal Faults happen in areas where the rocks are pulling aparts. The cracks
where one block of rock is sliding downward and away from another block of rock. It
occurs at Divergent Boundaries.
A normal Fault is defined by the hanging wall moving down relative to the
footwall, which is moving up.
Reverse Fault occurs at Convergent bounderies where rocks raise up relattive
to rocks across the fault leading to the hanging wall to moves up and the footwall
down due to compression forces.
The movement along a Strike-slip fault is horizontal with the block of rock on
one side of the fault moving in one direction and block of rock along the other side of
fault moving in the other direction.. It occurs in the transform boundaries.

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 What’s More

In the following Activity, you will learn how earthquakes are related to Fault.

READ ME !
Earthquake is a shaking of the ground caused by a sudden movement of large
blocks of rock along a Fault. Faults are caused by all that bumping and sliding of the
tectonic plates. Tectonic plates in geology is a theory that explains the motion of the
lithosphere of the earth. Most movement on the earth’s ground takes place along
plate boundaries. There are three main types of Tectonic Plate movement; they
include Convergent Plate Boundary where plate subduct caused by compression
forces represented by Divergent Plate Boundary where plates spread caused by
Tension Force and Transform Plate Boundary where plates move laterally sliding
pass each other caused by Shear force.
Stresses in the ground push the sides of the fault together. The movement
along faults depends on how much friction there is between the side of the fault. The
friction across the surface of the fault holds the rock together so that they do not slip
immediately when pushed sideways. Eventually enough stress builds up the rocks
slips suddenly, releasing energy in the form of seismic waves that travel through the
rocks and when the waves reaches the earth’s surface, they shake the ground and
anything on it, like houses and us.
There are three types of Seismic waves; The Primary wave (Fastest wave),
The Secondary wave slower than P wave and do not travel thru liquid, and the Love
Wave or Surface wave that can travel from focus up to the epicenter and causes
most of the damage during an earthquake.
Faulting generates earthquakes. High friction during the movements of plate
resulting to big earthquake, moderate friction is small earthquake and low friction do
not produce earthquake.

Q3. What are the three types of plate boundaries?

Q4. Where do seismic waves come from?

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Q5. Why do faults happen?

Q6. How do faults produce quakes?

What I Have Learned

Task 1: Tell something about the two terms below base from what relationships do
they have?

a. Fault

b. Earthquake

Task 2: Give what is asked.

1. What are the different types of seismic waves?

2. What are the types of plate boundaries?

What I Can Do

Application 1: Picture analysis

Procedure:
1. Study Picture 1 and picture 2.
2. Compare the cracks seen in the picture.

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Q1. Which of the two photos of crack is caused by a Fault?

Q2. What causes the crack in picture 1?

3. Compare and contrast pictures 3,4,5, and 6.

Q3. Which of the four pictures are similar from each other base from their feature
or looks?

Q4. What Causes the cracks seen in each picture?

The Crack in Picture 3 is caused by _______________
The Crack in Picture 4 is caused by _______________
The Crack in Picture 5 is caused by _______________
The Crack in Picture 6 is caused by _______________
Q5. Do you think all cracks of the ground are caused by a Fault? Why?

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Application2: Students will submit a compilation of drawings or actual photos of the
following:

1. Types of Faults (complete label of the parts).

2. Types of Plate movements (complete label of the parts)

3. Illustration of how do Fault produces Quakes?

Assessment

Post-test

A. Direction: Fill in the blank with the correct term found inside the word bank.
Write your answer in your mini notebook.

Tension Force Inactive Fault

Shear Force Normal Fault
Primary Wave Secondary Wave
Active Fault

_______________1. What is the type of stress associated with the Normal fault?
_______________2. What is the type of stress associated with a strike-slip fault?
_______________3. What is the type of stress associated with a reverse Fault?
_______________4. What is the hanging wall that moving down while the footwall is
moving up?
_______________5. What is the fastest type of seismic wave?
_______________6. What is a type of wave that do not travel in a liquid medium?
_______________7. What is the fault that do not produce earthquake?
_______________8. What is that fault that has a record of movement for the last
10,000 years.
_______________9. What part of the earth lithosphere, where faulting takes place?
_______________10. What is a fracture in the earth crust on which movement has
occur?

B. Modified True or False. Write “TRUE” if the statement is correct but if the
statement is false, change the underline word with the correct term.

Example: _________________1. Active faults have no record movements.

_________________2. Inactive Faults have no record of movement.

Answer:

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 Inactive _ 1. Active faults have no Record of movements
TRUE___ 2. Inactive Faults have no record of movement.

________________1. If the Friction is big it will result to strong earthquake.

________________ 2. The formation of a Normal fault is caused by a shear force.
________________ 3. Reverse Fault occurs at Convergent bounderies
________________ 4. The tectonic plates subduct in the Divergent Boundary.
________________ 5. Faulting releases energy in the form of a seismic wave.

C. Picture Analysis. Study the illustration and complete the table below

Type of Stress/Force Type of Plate Type of Motion

Movement
Normal Fault
Reverse Fault
Strike-slip fault

Additional Activities

Directions: Answer the crossword puzzle without looking back to your module outline.

1 2 3

Across:

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 1. A fault form by a shear stress
5. The type of faulting that causes most quakes
7. The type of force causing a fault in transform plate boundary
8. The force that creates a Reverse fault.
9. Compression force takes place in the ________gent boundary.

Down:
2. Boundary where two plates slide past each other.
3. The fastest type of seismic waves.
4. It is the earth plates where faults are formed.
6. Fault in the convergent boundary
7. The form of energy release by a fault.

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 Answer Key

What I Know What’s In

Part 1: Multiple
Activity 1.2 choice. Q1. The Ring of Fire is an area where
Type ofnumbers
Fault of earthquakes occur.
Explanation
1. d 6.
AB Q2. Yes,
Normal Philippines
Fault is alongwall
Hanging thedrops
2. a 7. D Pacific Ring of Fire.down.
3. c 8.
Bc Reverse Fault Hanging wall moves
4. a 9. d up
5. a 10.c
C Strike-slip Fault Moves sideways
Part 11. True or False

1. True
2. False
3. True
4. False
5. True

What’s New
Activity 1.1
These words are possible correct answers from students:

Q1. As the sheets move, the top of the sand crack.

Q2. “The line moves away from each other or the line sink…”

Q3. After a careful look at the image formed on the sand and the picture
downloaded from a website, student possible answer is

“There is. The crack formed in the activity and the crack on the picture.”

Q4. Yes. The crack.

Q5. Based from the given description of fault, what are represented by
the following materials used in the activity?
a. The two sheet of illustration board represent the Earth’s
plate.
b. The screened sand represents the ground.
c. The lines on top of the sand the two parallel lines are there so
that the displacement will be obvious to the observer.

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 References

Britanica Blog. How do Faults Form. Access April 24,2020. blog.britanica.com

Campo, Pia C.,et.al. n.d. Science Learner's Module. Republic of the Philippines:
Department of Education.
IN Slide Share.”Earthquakes and Fault”. Access April 20,2020. http://slideshare.net
Prinian Curtis on Prezi. Active and Inactive Faults. https://prezi.com.>active-amd-
inacti…
The Earth Live Science. “Where are Faults Located”. Acess April 21,2020.
https://livescience.com>3705
Types of Earthquakes and Faults. Access April 24,2020.
http://people.uwek.edu>toivonen
Where do Earthquake Happen. “Why do faults happen”. Access April 20, 2020.
www.geo.mtv.edu>UPSeis

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education - Schools Division of Kalinga
Bulanao, Tabuk City, Kalinga
Telefax/Website: www.depedkalinga.ph
Email Address: kalinga@deped.gov.ph

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