11

EARTH’S CHARACTERISTICS TO
SUPPORT LIFE

Learner's Module in Science 11

Quarter 1 ● Module 1

LORIE ANNE V. ESTRADA

Developer

Department of Education • Cordillera Administrative Region

NAME:________________________ GRADE AND SECTION ________________

TEACHER: ____________________ SCORE _____________________________

iii
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Cordillera Administrative Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CAR
Wangal, La Trinidad, Benguet

Published by
Learning Resource Management and Development System

COPYRIGHT NOTICE
2020

Section 9 of Presidential Decree No. 49 provides:

“No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the

Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency of office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such
work for profit.”

This material has been developed for the implementation of K-12

Curriculum through the DepEd Schools Division of Baguio City -
Curriculum Implementation Division (CID). It can be reproduced for
educational purposes and the source must be acknowledged. Derivatives
of the work including creating an edited version, an enhancement or a
supplementary work are permitted provided all original work is
acknowledged and the copyright is attributed. No work may be derived
from this material for commercial purposes and profit.

iv
 PREFACE

This module is a project of the DepEd Schools Division of Baguio City through
the Curriculum Implementation Division (CID) which is in response to the
implementation of the K to 12 Curriculum.

This Learning Material is a property of the Department of Education, Schools

Division of Baguio City. It aims to improve students’ academic performance specifically
in English.

Date of Development : May 2020

Resource Location : DepEd Schools Division of Baguio City
Learning Area : Earth and Life Science
Grade Level : 11
Learning Resource Type : Module
Language : English
Quarter/Week : Q1/W1
Learning Competency/Code : The learners shall be able to describe
the characteristics of Earth that are
necessary to support life
(S11/12ES-Ia-b-3)

v
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The developer wishes to express her gratitude to those who help in the
development of this learning material. The fulfillment of this learning material would
not be possible without these people who gave their support, helping hand and
cooperation:
To Mrs. Marissa Wayan and Mr. Fernando, for patiently assessing this
material to ensure that it really serves it purpose. Mr Rey Gapasin, the assistant
school head of Baguio city National High school and immediate head of the
developer.

Development Team
Author/s: Lorie Anne V. Estrada
Illustrator:

School Learning Resources Management Committee

Brenda M. Cariño School Principal
Marissa A. Wayan Subject/ Learning Area Specialist
Sherwin Fernando School LR Coordinator

Quality Assurance Team

Jacqueline G. Lampac EPS – Science
Lourdes B. Lomas-e PSDS – BCNHS District

Learning Resource Management Section Staff

Loida C. Mangangey EPS – LRMDS
Victor A. Fernandez Education Program Specialist II - LRMDS
Christopher David G. Oliva Project Development Officer II – LRMDS
Priscilla A. Dis-iw Librarian II
Lily B. Mabalot Librarian I
Ariel Botacion Admin Assistant

CONSULTANTS

JULIET C. SANNAD, EdD

Chief Education Supervisor – CID

SORAYA T. FACULO, PhD

Asst. Schools Division Superintendent

MARIE CAROLYN B. VERANO, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

iv
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

COPYRIGHT NOTICE ................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

PREFACE .................................................................................................................. v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................................................................iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................. v
What I Need to Know ................................................................................................. 1
What I Know ............................................................................................................... 3
What’s In .................................................................................................................... 4
What’s New ................................................................................................................ 4
Activity : 4 pics – 1 word ...................................................................................... 4
What’s In It ................................................................................................................. 5
What’s More ............................................................................................................... 9
Activity 1: Mars, Venus and Earth : A comparison and contrast .......................... 9
Activity 2: Interstellar Crash Landing ................................................................. 10
(adapted from:
http://www.voyagesthroughtime.org/planetary/sample/lesson5/pdf/
5_3_1sas_crashland.pdf) .................................................................................. 10
What I Have Learned ............................................................................................... 11
Activity: Let’s sum it up! ..................................................................................... 11
What I Can Do .......................................................................................................... 12
Activity 1: Eco - warrior ...................................................................................... 12
Assessment .............................................................................................................. 13
Additional Activity ..................................................................................................... 14
Activity: Terraforming Mars ................................................................................ 14
(adapted from Earth and life Science Teach together) ..................................... 14
ANSWER KEY ......................................................................................................... 15
REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 16

v
 What I Need to Know

This module provides an understanding of Earth’s uniqueness in the Solar System. It

will help you determine the characteristics of planets that are most favorable for habitability
by helping you recognize that there is a wide variety of conditions on Earth that have life, so
there could be planets that are very different from Earth that still have some habitable
regions. Humans would not survive at the bottom of the ocean, but there are many
organisms that thrive there. Some organisms use sulfur compounds for respiration, instead
of oxygen; humans would die without oxygen.
In this module you will be provided with activities that will test your prior knowledge,
stimulate your interest and elevate your understanding and level of excitement in the
different activities so that you will learn the various conditions necessary to support life on
the planet.
At the end of this module, you will be able to:
1. Recognize the difference in the physical and chemical properties between the
Earth
and its neighboring planets; and
2. Identify the factors that allow a planet to support life.

By the way, always remember to use a separate sheet of paper for you to write your
answers on the different activities presented in this learning module. DO NOT
ANSWER here directly.
Now, here is an outline of the different parts of your learning module. The
descriptions will guide you on what to expect on each part of the module.

Icon Label Description

What I need This states the learning objectives that you need to achieve as you
to know study this module.

What I know This is to check what you already know about the lesson on this
module. If you answered all the questions here correctly, then you may
skip studying this module.

What’s In This connects the current lesson with a topic or concept necessary to
your understanding.

What’s New This introduces the lesson to be tackled through an activity.

1
What’s In it This contains a brief discussion of the learning module lesson. Think
of it as the lecture section of the lesson.

What’s These are activities to check your understanding and to apply what you
More have learned from the lesson.

What I have This generalizes the essential ideas tackled from this module.
Learned

What I Can This is a real life application of what you have learned.
Do

Post- This is an evaluation of what you have learned from this learning
Assessment material.

Additional This is an activity that will strengthen and fortify your knowledge about
Activity the lesson.

2
 What I Know

PRE—ASESSMENT
Identification: Identify the terms being described by the following statements. Write your
answer on the blank.
____________________1. It refers to the field that protects the Earth from the storm of
charged particles from the sun.
____________________2. It is considered to be the Earth’s twin planet.
____________________3. It is the only habitable planet in the solar system.
____________________4. It traps heat, shields the surface of a planet from harmful
radiation.
____________________5. Used to build and maintain an organisms body.
____________________6. A factor that influences how quickly atoms and molecules
____________________7. Among the terrestrial planets, it is the farthest planet from the
sun

TRUE OR FALSE: Read the sentences carefully. Write 00 if the stamen is true and XX
if it is otherwise. Write your answer on the blank before each number.
____________ 8. Earth and Mars are well equipped as planet in our solar system to support
life .
____________ 9. The Earth has magnetic field that protects planet from dangers like solar
flares.
____________ 10. The rotational speed of Venus is just right to sustain life.
____________ 11. The moon of the earth stabilizes our axial wobble.
____________ 12. Earth is at just the right distance from the sun.
____________ 13. Earth, Venus and Titans have significant atmosphere.
____________ 14. The outer planet gets enough sunlight for life.
____________ 15. With a steady input of either

If your score is
11 –15 Very Good! You may still read the module but are already
knowledgeable with the topics that we are to discuss.
8 —10 Good! Go over the items that you find difficult and then you
may proceed to the lessons in this module that you don’t understand
0-7 Don’t worry about your score. This module is designed for
you to understand all about matter. So what are you waiting for?
Turn to the next page.

3
 What’s In
Much of what we know about the Earth as part of a planetary system has been discovered
only in the past few centuries. We've come a long way from imagining the Earth as the
center of the universe to understanding its meager position in the solar system.
Earth, as scientists discovered, is well equipped as a planet and ideally placed in our
solar system and galaxy to support life as we know it. The product of some 4.6 billion years
of cosmic construction, our planet is flush with life thanks to a fortuitous set of conditions.
During your early Sciences, you have learned that all planets in the solar system
share the same origin with Earth—as dust particles that combined through accretion. How
come Earth, as far as we know, is the only planet that can sustain life?

What’s New
Activity : 4 pics – 1 word
Direction: Use the images to answer the hidden words.

4
 What’s In It

Recall that in your lower Science subjects, you have learned that Earth is the
only planet in the universe known to possess life. The planet boasts several million species
of life, living in habitats ranging from the bottom of the deepest ocean to a few miles into the
atmosphere. What really makes it different from the others? Let’s get to know!

A special planet: the habitable Earth

Venus, Mars and Earth, three out of the four inner or ‘rocky’ planets of the Solar
System, have a lot in common – a solid surface you could walk on, a comparable surface
composition, an atmosphere and a weather system.

Venus, Earth, and Mars are part of the inner terrestrial or "rocky" planets. Their
composition and densities are not too different from each other. Venus is considered to be
the Earth's twin planet. It has a very similar size and mass with the Earth. Mars is about
half the Earth's size. Orbital period and velocity are related to the planet's distance from the
sun. Among the three planet, Venus is the nearest and Mars is the farthest from the Sun.
The Rotational speed of Earth and Mars are very similar however for Venus, it is extremely
slow. Amongst the three planet , there is an abundance of liquid water on Earth, hence the
blue color. The Earth is a habitable planet/

5
Table 1. Venus, Earth, MarsComparison(modified(from(http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/)planetary/factsheet/)

Our Earth being the only habitable planet in the solar system is the only place in the
universe that can support life. It is a modest-sized planet that orbits an average star, the sun.
Life on Earth is ubiquitous; it is found in boiling mud pots and hot springs, in the deep
oceans and even under the Antartic ice sheet. Many continental areas are too steep, too
high or too cold for humans to inhabit. Yet Earth is hospitable to life.

6
Factors that make Not Enough of the Just Right Too Much of the Situation in the Solar
a Planet Factor Factor System
Habitable

Temperature Low temperatures Life seems to be At about 125oC, Surface: only the
Influences how cause chemicals to limited to a protein and Earth’s surface is in
quickly atoms and react slowly, which temperature range carbohydrate this temperature range.
molecules move. interferes with the of -15oC to 115oC. molecules, and the Subsurface: the interior
reactions In this range, liquid genetic material of the solid planets and
necessary for life. It water can still exist (e.g., DNA and moons may be in this
can also cause the under certain RNA) start to break temperature range.
freezing of water, conditions. apart. Also, high
making liquid water temperatures
unavailable. cause the quick
evaporation of
water.
Atmosphere Small planets and Earth & Venus are Venus’s Of the solid planets &
Traps heat, shields moons have the right size to atmosphere is 100 moons, only Earth,
the surface from insufficient gravity hold a sufficient- times thicker than Venus, & Titan have
harmful radiation, to hold an sized atmosphere. Earth’s. It is made significant
and provides atmosphere. The Earth’s almost entirely of atmospheres. Mars’
chemicals needed gas molecules atmosphere is greenhouse atmosphere is about
for life, such as escape to space, about 100 miles gasses, making the 1/100th that of Earth’s,
nitrogen and leaving the planet thick. It keeps the surface too hot for too small for significant
carbon dioxide. or moon without an surface warm & life. The four giant insulation or shielding.
insulating blanket protects it from planets are
or a protective radiation & small- completely made
shield. to medium-sized of gas.
meteorites.
Energy Organisms When there is too With a steady input Light energy is a Surface: The inner
use light or little sunlight or too of either light or problem if it makes planets get too much
chemical energy to few of the chemical energy, a planet too hot or sunlight for life. The
run their life chemicals that cells can run the if there are too outer planets get too
processes. provide energy to chemical reactions many harmful rays, little.
cells, such as iron necessary for life. such as ultraviolet. Sub-surface: Most solid
or sulfur, organisms Too many energy- planets & moons have
die. rich chemicals is energy-rich chemicals.
not a problem

Nutrients Without chemicals All solid planets & Too many nutrients Surface of the Earth
Used to build and to makeproteins & moons have the are not a problem. has water cycle
maintain an carbohydrates, same general However, too atmosphere, and
organism’s body. organisms cannot chemical makeup, active a circulation volcanoes to circulate
grow. Planets so nutrients are system, such as nutrients. Venus, Titan,
without systems to present. Those the constant Io, and Mars have
deliver nutrients to with a water cycle volcanism on nutrients and ways to
its organisms (e.g., or volcanic activity Jupiter’s moon, Io, circulate them to
a water cycle or can transport and or the churning organisms.
volcanic activity) replenish the atmospheres of the Sub-surface: Any
cannot support life. chemicals required gas planets, planet or moon with
Also, when by living organisms interferes with an sub-surface water or
nutrients are organism’s ability molten rock can
spread so thin that to get enough circulate and replenish
they are hard to nutrients. nutrients for organisms
obtain, such as on
a gas planet, life
cannot exist.
Teach together.(n.d), Retrieved July 01, 2020, from http://teachtogether.chedk12.com/chapters/view/37

Teach Together. (n.d.).

Retrieved June 3, 2020, from
http://teachtogether.chedk12.com/
chapters/view/37
each Together. (n.d.).
7
Retrieved June 3, 2020, from
http://teachtogether.chedk12.com/
chapters/view/37
 Earth’s characteristics to support life

Earth is well equipped as a planet and ideally placed in our solar system and galaxy
to support life as we know it. The product of some 4.6 billion years of cosmic construction,
our planet is flush with life thanks to a fortuitous set of conditions

Here’s what makes life able to thrive on our home planet:

1. EARTH’S LOCATION IS FAR FROM MANY HAZARDS

The solar system is comfortably nestled in a safe harbor between major spiral arms,
and its nearly circular orbit helps it avoid the galaxy’s perilous inner regions. There are
relatively few stars near the sun, reducing risks to Earth from gravitational tugs, gamma-ray
bursts, or collapsing stars called supernovae.

2. EARTH’S SUN IS A STABLE AND LONG- LASTING STAR

Stars more massive than the sun burn hotter and usually don’t live long enough for
planets to develop life. Less massive, younger stars are often unstable and are prone to
blasting their planets with bursts of radiation

3. EARTH IS AT JUST THE RIGHT DISTANCE FROM THE SUN

Earth orbits in the so-called Goldilocks zone, where the planet receives enough
energy to allow water to exist as a liquid on its surface. Too far, and the vital compound
stays locked up as ice. Too close, and the water would rapidly evaporate into the
atmosphere

4. EARTH HAVE THE RIGHT STUFF TO HOST A DYNAMIC CORE

The interstellar cloud of gas and dust that gave rise to Earth contained enough
radioactive elements to power a churning core for billions of years. This creates a magnetic
8
field that protects the planet from dangers like solar flares.

5. BIG MOON TO STABILIZE OUR AXIAL WOBBLE

Earth is tilted with respect to the sun, and teeters as it spins. This tiny wobble can
shift the climate from hot to icy every 41,000 years—and might vary more without the
moon’s stabilizing pull.

6. OZONE LAYER TO BLOCK HARMFUL RAYS

Ancient plantlike organisms in the oceans added oxygen to the atmosphere and
created a high-altitude layer of ozone that shielded early land species from lethal radiation

8
 What’s More
Activity 1: Mars, Venus and Earth : A comparison and contrast
Objective: Compare and contrast the terrestrial planets
Procedure:
1. Study the photographs of Mars, Venus and Earth.

http://www.voyagesthroughtime.org/planetary/sample/l
esson5/ z_act3.htm
2. Using your previous knowledge, compare and contrast the terrestrial
planets .
3. Write down on the table below the similarities and differences among the
planets

VENUS EARTH MARS

Mass

Diameter

Gravity

Escape Velocity

Distance from the sun

Orbital period

Orbital Velocity

Length of day

Assessment 1
1. What are the characteristics of Earth that makes it different from the rest of the planets ?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

9
Activity 2: Interstellar Crash Landing
(adapted from: http://www.voyagesthroughtime.org/planetary/sample/lesson5/pdf/ 5_3_1sas_crashland.pdf)

Procedure:
1. Imagine yourself in an interstellar voyage. Your spaceship suffers mechanical
problems and will be forced to land. Fortunately you are passing through the Yanib System
, which is composed of a sun-like star surrounded by seven planets, some of which have
moons . The profiles of planets and moons of the Yanib System are listed on the table
below
2. Decide which place is best to land your ship.
3. Write down on a piece of paper their choice of planet or moon and reasons for
your choice. Reasons why you did not choose the other planets should also be included.

Assessment 2

1. Which planet did you choose to land your spaceship? Why?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. Why did you not choose to land on the other planets?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

3. What are the characteristics of the chosen planet that is /are similar to the planet
Earth?

4. What factors make a planet habitable?

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
________________________

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 What I Have Learned
Activity: Let’s sum it up!
Instructions: This portion will help you synthesize or summarize the concepts that you have
learned from this material. Please answer the question asked.

1. Identify similarities and differences among the three planets, namely Venus, Earth, and
Mars.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. Explain the impact of planet size to gravity, internal heat, and atmosphere of the planet.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
3. Identify factors that influence a planet's temperature.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
4. Explain factors that make a planet habitable.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

5. Explain why the presence of liquid water is important to life.

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
____________

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 What I Can Do
Activity 1: Eco - warrior
Direction: Complete the table below

Human Activities that fail to protect Personal efforts that should be done
the environment to protect the environment

1. 1.

2. 2.

3 3.

4. 4.

5. 5.

You certainly did well

today. Good Job!

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 Assessment
This part evaluates your achievement on the objectives of this material.

MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE: Read the sentences carefully. Write 00 if the stamen is true
and XX if it is otherwise. Underline the word/group of words that make the statement false.
Write your answer on the blank before each number.
____________ 1. Earth is a well equipped as planet in our solar system to support life .
____________ 2. The Earth has magnetic field that protects planet from dangers like solar
flares.
____________ 3. The rotational speed of Venus is just right to sustain life.
____________ 4. The moon of the earth stabilizes our axial wobble.
____________ 5. Earth is at just the right distance from the sun.
____________ 6. Earth, Venus and Titans have significant atmosphere.
____________ 7. The outer planet gets enough sunlight for life.
____________ 8. With a steady input of either light and chemical energy cells can run
chemical reactions necessary for life.
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the letter that best describes your answer. Write your answer
on the blank before each number
______________9. It refers to the field that protects the Earth from the storm of charged
particles from the sun.
A. magnetic field B. atmosphere C. negative field
______________10. It is considered to be the Earth’s twin planet.
A. Mars B. Venus C. Mercury
______________11. It is the only habitable planet in the solar system.
A. Earth B. Mars C. Venus
______________12. It traps heat, shields the surface of a planet from harmful radiation.
A. Atmosphere B. Hydrosphere C. Chromosphere
______________13. Used to build and maintain an organism’s body.
A. Nutrients B. Oxygen C. Temperature
______________14. A factor that influences how quickly atoms and molecules react.
A. Nutrients B. Oxygen C. Temperature
______________15. Among the terrestrial planets, it is the farthest planet from the sun
A. Earth B. Mars C. Venus

If your score is 11 or more out of 15—congratulations! You may now proceed. If you score below 11 you need to go back and read the lesson again!

13
 Additional Activity

Activity: Terraforming Mars

(adapted from Earth and life Science Teach together)

Direction: Write a 100 word report/essay on the following topic:

‘‘Can man alter Mars environment to make it more suitable for human
habitation? How?’

To terraform means to transform another planet to resemble the Earth in several aspects,
specifically the ability to support life.

**** the following rubrics can be used in assessing the this assignment

Criteria 5 4 3 2
Presents ideas in
Presents ideas in Ideas are too Ideas are vague or
Ideas an consistent
an original manner general unclear
manner
Strong and Some organization;
Organized No organization; lack
Organization organized attempt at a
beg/mid/end beg/mid/end
beg/mid/end beg/mid/end
Understanding Writing shows Writing shows Writing shows
Writing shows little
strong clear adequate
od scientific understanding of
understanding of understanding of understanding of
concepts scientific concepts
scientific concepts scientific concepts scientific concepts
Sophisticated use
Nouns and verbs
of nouns and Needs more nouns Little or no use of
Word Choice make essay
verbs make essay and verbs nouns and verbs
informative
very informative
Sentence Sentence
Sentence structure
Sentence structure structure is
is limited; No sense of sentence
enhances evident;
Structure sentences need to structure or flow
meaning; flows sentences mostly
flow
throughout piece flow
Mechanics Few (if any) errors Few errors Several errors Numerous errors

14
 ANSWER KEY
Activity 1 Acitivity 1 Activity 2
Life
Earth VENUS EARTH MARS Answers may vary
Mass (1,024 4.87 5.97 0.642 4. Factors that make a
Pretest kg) planet habitable includes
1. Magnetic Field
2. Venus Diameter (km) 12,104 12,576 6,792 right temperature,
3. Earth atmosphere to keep the
4. Atmosphere Gravity 5,243 9.8 3.7
(kg/m3) planet warm and protect
5. Nutrients
6. Temperature the planet from radiation
Escape 8.9 11.2 5
7. Mars Velocity and small sized
8. False (km/s) meteorites, Nutrients to
9. True
10. False Distance from 108.2 149.6 227.9 replenish the chemicals
11. True the sun (106 needed by the living
12. True km) organisms.
13. True
14. False Orbital period 224.7 365.2 687
5. True (days)
Orbital 35 29.8 24.1
Velocity(km/s)
Length of day 2,802 24 24.7
(hrs)
Generalization Post Test
1. The color blue for 1.True 1. Recycling 2. Plant
Earth is significant - 2. True trees 3. Proper
liquid water. Similar size 3. False—Venus (Earth) waste disposal
and mass of Venus and 4. True 3. Composting
Earth. Mars is about half 5. True 5. Transport
the Earth's size. All the 6. True
three planets have 7. False—outer (inner) conservation
spheroidal shape. Earth 8. True • Answers
has water as indicated 9. A 13. A may vary
by its blue color. 10. B 14. C
2. Small planets and 11. A 15. B
moons have insufficient 12. A
gravity to hold an
atmosphere. The gas Enrichment Activities
molecules escape to
space, leaving the planet Human Activities that fail to protect the
or moon without an environment
insulating blanket or a
protective shield. 1. deforestation
3. Factors that influence 2. improper waste disposal
a planet’s temperature 3 Burning of fuels/waste
includes mass of the overexploitation of resources
planet, distance from the pollution
sun and atmosphere
4. Factors that make a Personal efforts that should be done to
planet habitable includes protect the environment
right temperature,
atmosphere to keep the
planet warm and protect 1. recycling
the planet from radiation 2. plant trees
and small sized 3. proper waste disposal
meteorites, steady input composting
of light and chemical Transport conservation
energy, Nutrients to *answers may vary
replenish the chemicals
needed by the living
organisms.
5. Water circulate and
replenish nutrients for
organisms.

15
 REFERENCES

Canales, M. and Matthew, C., 2020. Six Things That Make Life On Earth Possible. [online]
Nationalgeographic.com. Available at:
<https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2018/03/one-strange- rock-
interactive-earth-solar-system-milky-way-galaxy/> [Accessed 10 July 2020].
CHED, & K to 12 Transition Program Management Unit. (2016).Earth and life Science.
Retrieved from http://teachtogether.chedk12.com/chapters/view/36
Lpi.usra.edu. 2020. [online] Available at: <https://www.lpi.usra.edu/education/explore/our
place/hab_ref_table.pdf> [Accessed 6 July 2020].

Teach Together.(n.d.) Retrieved July 09, 2020, from http:// teachtogether.chedk12.com/

chapters/views/37
Voyages through time. n.d. Planetary Evolution. [online] Available at: <http://
www.voyagesthroughtime.org/planetary/sample/lesson5/ z_act3.htm> [Accessed 7
July 2020].

Science/ Technology. Pixabay. https://pixabay.com/illustrations/astronaut-weightless-space-

universe-1784245/ (Accessed 10 July 2020)

16
For inquiries or feedback, please write of call:
Department of Education-Schools Division of CAR
(Office Address, Wangal, LTB)
Telefax:
Email Address: