Nature-based Solutions and Water

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Nature-Based Solutions and Water Security
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 Nature-Based Solutions and
Water Security
An Action Agenda for the 21st Century
Edited by
Jan Cassin
Forest Trends, Washington, DC, United States

John H. Matthews
Alliance for Global Water Adaptation, Corvallis, OR, United States

Elena Lopez Gunn

ICATALIST S.L., Madrid, Spain
Elsevier
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 Dedication

To Tom Hille, for your support.

To Austin J. Matthews and Jackson Fox, for your future.
Contents

Contributors.....................................................................................................xvii
Authors’ biographies...........................................................................................xix
Foreword....................................................................................................... xxxiii

Section 1: Introduction to nature-based solutions and water security

Chapter 1: Setting the scene: Nature-based solutions and water security.....................3
Jan Cassin and John H. Matthews
A global water crisis and water insecurity......................................................................3
Water security and the contours of the water crisis.......................................................... 4
Can old solutions succeed for emerging challenges?....................................................... 8
Rethinking the nature of infrastructure...........................................................................9
The emergence of nature-base solutions for societal challenges................................... 11
A reference volume on nature-based solutions and water security................................ 12
Organization of this book.............................................................................................13
References....................................................................................................................14
Chapter 2: History and development of nature-based solutions:
Concepts and practice..........................................................................................19
Jan Cassin
Introduction..................................................................................................................19
The long (mostly hidden) history of nature-based solutions......................................... 19
The emergence of nature-based solutions.....................................................................20
Nature-based solutions for water security: Reimagining infrastructure........................ 26
Nature-based solutions as a unifying concept................................................................ 26
Evolving theory and practice........................................................................................27
Standards and principles................................................................................................ 28
Typologies and frameworks........................................................................................... 31
References....................................................................................................................32

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Section 2: State of science and knowledge

Chapter 3: Addressing water security through nature-based solutions.......................37
Kari Vigerstol, Robin Abell, Kate Brauman, Wouter Buytaert, and Adrian Vogl
Introduction..................................................................................................................37
NBS: Building resilience in a changing world.............................................................38
Elements of water security............................................................................................41
NBS and water quantity................................................................................................41
Introduction.................................................................................................................... 41
NBS effectiveness for water quantity............................................................................. 44
NBS and water quality..................................................................................................49
Introduction.................................................................................................................... 49
NBS effectiveness for water quality............................................................................... 50
Key design and management considerations................................................................53
Monitoring and evaluation of NBS................................................................................ 54
Tools and guidance.......................................................................................................55
The path ahead..............................................................................................................55
References....................................................................................................................59
Chapter 4: Nature-based solutions, water security and climate change:
Issues and opportunities......................................................................................63
Jan Cassin and John H. Matthews
Introduction..................................................................................................................63
Nature-based solutions for climate adaptation.............................................................64
Adaptation, resilience, and nature-based solutions......................................................66
Climate resilience for water security............................................................................. 68
Importance of integrating NBS and hard adaptation approaches.................................. 69
Adaptation services from nature...................................................................................70
Adaptive capacity of ecosystems................................................................................... 71
What makes ecosystems resilient?................................................................................. 71
What are the implications for nature-based adaptation?..............................................73
Nature-based solutions’ vulnerability to climate impacts.............................................. 73
Abrupt ecological change.............................................................................................. 74
How can NBS practitioners address these challenges?.................................................. 74
References....................................................................................................................75
Chapter 5: Nature-based solutions, sustainable development, and equity...................81
Leah L. Bremer, Bonnie Keeler, Puaʻala Pascua, Rebecca Walker, and Eleanor Sterling
Water, well-being, nature-based solutions and equity..................................................81
Organization of the chapter............................................................................................ 85
Nature-based solutions are an important tool for achieving multiple
sustainable development goals.................................................................................85
Nature-based solutions for water and health.................................................................. 86
Nature-based solutions for water and food security....................................................... 87

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Nature-based solutions for water and inclusive, resilient cities..................................... 88

Nature-based solutions for water and sustainable economies........................................ 88
Nature-based solutions: Toward social justice and equity in practice..........................89
Nature-based solutions must consider current and historical legacies of injustice
that influence existing inequities............................................................................... 89
Cases: Nature-based solutions for water in the context of equity.................................. 90
Emerging best practices and guidance..........................................................................97
Distributional equity...................................................................................................... 97
Procedural and recognitional equity.............................................................................. 98
Emerging best practices for equitable NBS for water.................................................... 98
Acknowledgments........................................................................................................99
References....................................................................................................................99

Section 3: State of policy and governance

Chapter 6: Why governments embrace nature-based solutions:
The policy rationale...........................................................................................109
Kathleen Dominique, Nathanial Matthews, Lisa Danielson, and John H. Matthews
Nature-based solutions: A rising policy priority.........................................................109
An attractive alternative or complement to gray infrastructure to improve
resilience.................................................................................................................110
Limitations of traditional large-scale gray infrastructure is driving
interest in NBS to enhance resilience...................................................................... 110
Advantages of NBS: Cost-effectiveness and cobenefits.............................................. 113
Distinct challenges posed by nature-based solutions from a policy perspective........114
Difficulties in quantifying and monetizing benefits..................................................... 114
Time lag between investment and realization of benefits............................................ 115
Uncertainty related to performance and lack of performance track records................ 116
High transaction costs due to specificity of ecosystem and climatic
dynamics, and the multiple parties engaged............................................................ 116
Limits to standardization.............................................................................................. 117
Barriers to funding and financing nature-based solutions........................................... 117
Levers for change to make the enabling environment more conducive to NBS.........118
Overcoming rigidity of existing policy and institutional
arrangements that favor the status quo.................................................................... 118
Integrating an explicit focus on NBS into strategic policy and planning processes.... 118
Shifting from approach focused on delivering infrastructure to delivering services... 118
Defining NBS as an asset class and allowing for NBS in the regulated asset
base of service providers......................................................................................... 119
Removing jurisdictional constraints limiting implementation and funding
of NBS..................................................................................................................... 120
Improving evidence base quantifying cobenefits and performance of NBS................ 120
Summary and reflections on future developments.....................................................121
References..................................................................................................................122

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Chapter 7: Nature-based solutions in international policy instruments.....................125

Ingrid Timboe and Kathryn Pharr
Introduction to NBS and policy: How can nature support our global goals?.............. 125
Advantages and limitations of NBS............................................................................. 126
Policy considerations................................................................................................... 127
Introduction to the global policy frameworks: Sustainable development, climate
change, disaster risk reduction, and biodiversity....................................................128
NBS and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030................. 131
NBS and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development........................................... 134
NBS and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change...................................................... 136
Toward implementation: NBS as a connector of national climate, development,
biodiversity, and DRR policy.................................................................................140
Transboundary considerations....................................................................................141
Conclusion..................................................................................................................143
References..................................................................................................................143

Chapter 8: Legible rivers, resilient rivers: Lessons for climate adaptation

policy from the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act...........................................................149
Denielle M. Perry
Introduction................................................................................................................149
Background and theoretical context...........................................................................151
Territorializing rivers through legibility: From scarcity to resilience.......................... 151
Methodology...............................................................................................................154
Analysis and discussion..............................................................................................155
Making biopower legible in the landscape through conservation................................ 155
Water: The wellspring of ecological planning concerns based on biopower,
legitimacy, and rationality....................................................................................... 159
Adopting legibility language toward climate resilience and adaptation policy........... 164
Conclusions................................................................................................................169
Acknowledgment........................................................................................................170
References..................................................................................................................170

Section 4: Nature-based solutions in action

Chapter 9: Nature-based solutions for source water protection in North
America...........................................................................................................179
Jan Cassin
Introduction................................................................................................................179
Source water protection: An evolving practice...........................................................180
The role of nature-based solutions in source water protection...................................181
North American natural assets important for source water protection......................... 182
Nature-based solutions encompass a diversity of practices for source
water protection....................................................................................................... 188

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Benefits of NBS source water protection for water utilities.......................................188

Economic benefits........................................................................................................ 188
Natural assets mitigate risks to water utilities.............................................................. 192
Emerging innovations for nature-based source water protection...............................194
New multistakeholder, multisectoral collective action efforts promote
NBS for source water protection............................................................................. 194
A broader conception of source water protection........................................................ 203
Conclusions................................................................................................................208
References..................................................................................................................209
Chapter 10: Protecting source waters in Latin America.........................................215
Marta Echavarria, Jan Cassin, and Jose Bento da Rocha
Introduction................................................................................................................215
Latin America: A water superpower still facing water insecurity..............................216
The region’s ecosystems underpin water security but are under threat....................... 217
Unequal access and infrastructure gaps drive interest in nature-based
solutions................................................................................................................... 218
Evolution of payments for ecosystem services programs...........................................219
From “classic” PES models for NBS to a broader conception and
practice..................................................................................................................... 219
From pilots to national, government-led PES-type programs...................................... 222
National policies promoting nature-based solutions.................................................... 223
Proliferation of regional and local programs............................................................... 227
What has enabled this proliferation of NBS approaches in Latin
America?.................................................................................................................231
Local initiatives innovated a diversity of flexible approaches..................................... 231
Local to national scales working together.................................................................... 232
Building evidence and capacity from the ground up................................................... 232
Conclusions................................................................................................................234
References..................................................................................................................234
Chapter 11: Mobilizing funding for nature-based solutions: Peru’s drinking
water tariff......................................................................................................241
Cheyenne Coxon, Gena Gammie, and Jan Cassin
Introduction................................................................................................................242
Local initiatives in Moyobamba and Cusco lay the foundation
for nature-based solutions.......................................................................................244
Local action in Moyobamba creates Peru’s first MRSE water tariff........................... 245
Cusqueñans learn from and expand on the Moyobamba experience........................... 246
Legal frameworks and technical advances build momentum for nature-based
solutions..................................................................................................................247
National laws and regulations evolve to enable and promote nature-based
solutions................................................................................................................... 247
Collaborative development of technical tools helps build capacity
and make the case for nature-based solutions.......................................................... 250

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Investments in nature-based solutions are adopted across Peru’s drinking

water sector.............................................................................................................250
What drove the rapid uptake of nature-based solutions in Peru’s drinking
water sector?...........................................................................................................254
Champions drove informal and formal institutional shifts at key
junctures................................................................................................................... 255
Individual champions were enabled by new, cross-sectoral alliances......................... 257
Institutional context facilitated leadership................................................................... 258
The future of nature-based solutions in Peru..............................................................258
What are the most valuable lessons from the Peruvian water sector’s
experience?.............................................................................................................260
Acknowledgments......................................................................................................261
References..................................................................................................................262
Chapter 12: Urban blue spaces, health, and well-being..........................................263
Paula Vandergert, Pauline Georgiou, Lisa Peachey, and Sam Jelliman
Introduction................................................................................................................263
What do we know about urban blue spaces, health, and
well-being?.............................................................................................................265
Urban freshwater bathing and immersion in water.....................................................268
Blue spaces and heatwaves.......................................................................................... 269
Blue spaces as surface water management features...................................................270
A case study of blue spaces action research and practice:
Thames Ward water wellness project.....................................................................272
Envisioning and delivering more beautiful, health-giving places with
water at their heart..................................................................................................276
References..................................................................................................................279
Chapter 13: Learning from indigenous and local knowledge:
The deep history of nature-based solutions...........................................................283
Jan Cassin and Boris F. Ochoa-Tocachi
Introduction................................................................................................................284
Traditional, local, ancestral, and indigenous knowledge............................................. 286
Water sowing and harvesting......................................................................................288
Infiltration basins......................................................................................................... 288
Sand dams.................................................................................................................... 295
Managed wetlands and infiltration enhancement systems........................................... 300
Traditional integrated watershed management...........................................................312
Moku-ahupua’a system in Hawai’i.............................................................................. 314
Ifugao muyong-payoh system...................................................................................... 315
The village tank cascades in Sri Lanka........................................................................ 323
Challenges and revitalization of traditional practices.................................................327
References..................................................................................................................328

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Chapter 14: Nature-based solutions and corporate water stewardship....................337

Naabia Ofosu-Amaah, Robin Abell, Jehanne Fabre, Paul Fleming,
Michael Matosich, Jason Morrison, and Tara Varghese
Introduction................................................................................................................338
Drivers and models of nature-based solutions in corporate water
stewardship.............................................................................................................338
Corporate water stewardship, water risks, and value creation..................................... 338
Incorporation of NBS into corporate water stewardship.............................................. 344
Corporate adoption of NBS : Opportunities and challenges......................................350
Opportunities that NBS present to businesses............................................................. 350
Challenges and barriers preventing business adoption
of NBS..................................................................................................................... 351
The way forward for NBS and corporate water stewardship......................................353
Making NBS more accessible to business................................................................... 353
Opportunities for businesses to advance NBS for water
security..................................................................................................................... 355
References..................................................................................................................356
Chapter 15: Funding and financing to scale nature-based solutions
for water security..............................................................................................361
Sophie Trémolet, Brooke Atwell, Kathleen Dominique, Nathanial Matthews,
Michael Becker, and Raul Muñoz
Introduction................................................................................................................361
Where has funding for NBS for water security come from to date?..........................362
Public funding for watershed protection...................................................................... 363
User-driven watershed investments.............................................................................. 364
Limited repayable financing has been mobilized to date............................................. 367
What have been the key challenges in mobilizing funding for NBS?........................367
Challenges related to NBS characteristics................................................................... 369
Challenges for NBS adoption related to the status quo............................................... 370
What funding and financing sources exist, and how can
they be blended?.....................................................................................................374
Identifying NBS benefits that can generate revenue streams....................................... 374
Mobilizing funding and repayable financing in a coordinated
manner..................................................................................................................... 376
Blended finance: Combining funding and financing to ensure sustainability
and increase scale...................................................................................................390
Recommendations: Accelerating investment in NBS for water
security...................................................................................................................391
Recommendations for NBS program design............................................................... 393
Recommendations for broader changes in sectoral approaches................................... 395
References..................................................................................................................396
Further reading...........................................................................................................398

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Section 5: Moving to scale: What is needed

Chapter 16: Mainstreaming nature-based solutions through insurance:
The five “hats” of the insurance sector................................................................401
Elena Lopez-Gunn, Monica A. Altamirano, Mia Ebeltoft, Nina Graveline, Roxane Marchal,
David Moncoulon, Beatriz Mayor, Florentina Nanu, Nora van Cauwenbergh, Peter van der Keur,
Josh Weinberg, Pedro Zorrilla Miras, and Jan Cassin
Introduction................................................................................................................402
The insurance sector: Uniquely positioned to mainstream nature-based
solutions for climate resilience................................................................................ 403
The assurance and insurance value of ecosystems.....................................................406
The roles of insurance in capturing the resilience value of nature.............................407
Hat 1: Data owners and providers................................................................................ 408
Hat 2: New insurance products.................................................................................... 410
Hat 3: Insurance as investors........................................................................................ 412
Hat 4: Innovators.......................................................................................................... 415
Hat 5: Insurers as partners for sustainable finance...................................................... 417
Conclusions................................................................................................................418
References..................................................................................................................419
Chapter 17: Operationalizing NBS in low- and middle-income countries:
Redefining and “greening” project development....................................................423
Alex Mauroner, Nureen F. Anisha, Ernesto Dela Cruz, Eugenio Barrios, and
Sujith Sourab Guntoju
Introduction................................................................................................................423
Understanding the development context.....................................................................424
Opportunities for a shift to NBS.................................................................................424
Changing the development paradigm........................................................................... 424
NBS as a tool to address uncertainty........................................................................... 426
Connecting systems with multibenefit solutions......................................................... 427
Climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction................................................ 427
NBS and a postpandemic recovery.............................................................................. 431
Processes and actions—Prerequisites for success......................................................431
Laying the groundwork................................................................................................ 431
Creating a coordinated upstream-downstream strategy............................................... 434
System-level recommendations..................................................................................435
Consider a multipronged portfolio of NBS projects.................................................... 435
Coordinate planning for multibenefit solutions........................................................... 437
Shape project constraints for engineers to promote consideration of NBS................. 437
Engage with stakeholders early and often.................................................................... 438
Broaden the scope of environmental assessments and feasibility studies.................... 438
Use and support innovative finance mechanisms......................................................... 439
Allow for alternative economic evaluation mechanisms.............................................. 439
Prioritize NBS in national, regional, and city-level policy.......................................... 439

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Synthesis and closing..................................................................................................440

References..................................................................................................................440
Chapter 18: Nature-based solutions: Action for the 21st century...........................445
Jan Cassin, John H. Matthews, Elena Lopez-Gunn, Leah L. Bremer, Cheyenne Coxon,
Kathleen Dominique, Marta Echavarria, Gena Gammie, Roxane Marchal, Alex Mauroner,
Naabia Ofosu-Amaah, Denielle M. Perry, Eleanor Sterling, Ingrid Timboe, Paula Vandergert,
Kari Vigerstol, and Sophie Trémolet
The opportunities and challenges of nature-based solutions......................................445
What is the role of nature-based solutions in a post–2020 world?.............................. 445
Reflections on what is next for nature-based solutions................................................ 448
The three chains to scale nature-based solutions......................................................... 453
References..................................................................................................................453

Index...............................................................................................................455

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Contributors

Robin Abell Conservation International, Arlington, VA, United States

Monica A. Altamirano DELTARES, Delft, Netherlands
Nureen F. Anisha Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
Brooke Atwell The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA, United States
Eugenio Barrios Mexican National Water Commission (CONAGUA), Mexico City, Mexico
Michael Becker Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund, Arlington, VA, United States
Jose Bento da Rocha Secretary of State of Environment and Sustainable Development, Goias, Brazil
Kate Brauman University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
Leah L. Bremer University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
Wouter Buytaert Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
Jan Cassin Forest Trends, Washington, DC, United States
Nora van Cauwenbergh IHE Delft, Delft, Netherlands
Cheyenne Coxon Forest Trends, Washington, DC, United States
Lisa Danielson Government of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
Ernesto Dela Cruz Asian Development Bank, Manila, Philippines
Kathleen Dominique OECD, Paris, France
Mia Ebeltoft Climate Risk Advisory, Oslo, Norway
Marta Echavarria Ecodecision, Quito, Ecuador
Jehanne Fabre Danone, Paris, France
Paul Fleming Microsoft, Redmond, WA, United States
Gena Gammie Forest Trends, Washington, DC, United States
Pauline Georgiou Sustainability Research Institute, University of East London, London, United
Kingdom
Nina Graveline INRAE, Montpellier, France
Sujith Sourab Guntoju Alliance for Global Water Adaptation, Corvallis, OR, United States
Sam Jelliman Sustainability Research Institute, University of East London, London, United
Kingdom
Bonnie Keeler University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
Peter van der Keur Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark
Elena Lopez-Gunn ICATALIST S.L., Madrid, Spain
Roxane Marchal Caisse Centrale de Réassurance, Paris, France

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Michael Matosich The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA, United States

John H. Matthews Alliance for Global Water Adaptation, Corvallis, OR, United States
Nathanial Matthews Global Resilience Partnership, Stockholm, Sweden
Alex Mauroner Alliance for Global Water Adaptation, Corvallis, OR, United States
Beatriz Mayor ICATALIST S.L., Madrid, Spain
Pedro Zorrilla Miras ICATALIST S.L., Madrid, Spain
David Moncoulon Caisse Centrale de Réassurance, Paris, France
Jason Morrison Pacific Institute, Oakland, CA; UN Global Compact CEO Water Mandate, New
York, NY, United States
Raul Muñoz Inter-American Development Bank, Washington, DC, United States
Florentina Nanu Business Development Group, Bucharest, Romania
Boris F. Ochoa-Tocachi Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Regional Initiative
for Hydrological Monitoring of Andean Ecosystems (iMHEA), Lima, Peru; ATUK Consultoría
Estratégica, Cuenca, Ecuador
Naabia Ofosu-Amaah The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA, United States
Puaʻala Pascua Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, American Museum of Natural History,
New York, NY, United States
Lisa Peachey Sustainability Research Institute, University of East London, London, United
Kingdom
Denielle M. Perry School of Earth and Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ,
United States
Kathryn Pharr International Water Policy Consultant, London, United Kingdom
Eleanor Sterling Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, American Museum of Natural History,
New York, NY, United States
Ingrid Timboe Alliance for Global Water Adaptation, Corvallis, OR, United States
Sophie Trémolet The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA, United States
Paula Vandergert Sustainability Research Institute, University of East London, London, United
Kingdom
Tara Varghese PepsiCo, Purchase, NY, United States
Kari Vigerstol The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA, United States
Adrian Vogl Natural Capital Project, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
Rebecca Walker University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
Josh Weinberg Stockholm International Water Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

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Authors’ biographies

Ms. Robin Abell is Conservation International’s freshwater lead. She joined Conservation
International from The Nature Conservancy’s Global Water program, where she led an
ambitious project to demonstrate and quantify the benefits of source water protection. Before
that, Robin spent 17 years with World Wildlife Fund’s Conservation Science Program, where
she led a team that produced foundational publications on freshwater conservation. She holds
a BA from Yale University and an MS in aquatic ecology from the University of Michigan’s
School of Natural Resources and Environment.
Dr. Monica Altamirano specializes in systems thinking and public-private partnerships
(PPP) at Deltares. With 16 years of experience in designing and managing programs in water,
sanitation, transportation, environment, and capacity-building in Europe, Asia, Latin America,
and Africa, she is a specialist in analyzing the institutional framework for infrastructure
finance. Monica has advised governments around the world (Netherlands, Bangladesh,
Peru, Philippines, Mexico, Indonesia, Spain, and Finland) on how to catalyze private sector
investments in infrastructure, water security, urban resilience, and climate adaptation. Monica
holds a master of science in systems engineering, policy analysis, and management, and
a PhD in economics of infrastructure (innovative contracts in the road sector) from Delft
University of Technology (TU Delft).
Ms. Brooke Atwell is the conservation strategy manager, water security for The Nature
Conservancy. In this position she brings innovation and financing to the water sector to meet
the needs of people without neglecting the needs of nature. Brooke has a strong background
in collaborative strategic planning, program management, developing NBS for water security
projects, economic and financial analyses for NBS, strategic communications, and operational
and relationship management in cross-cultural, multidisciplinary settings. She has a bachelor
of science degree in environmental science from the University of Virginia.
Ms. Nureen Faiza Anisha is an environmental researcher specializing in freshwater
systems and their overlap with climate change. A water resources engineer by training, she
has worked on several projects on climate change mitigation and adaptation in the water
sector in Bangladesh and as a research fellow with the Alliance for Global Water Adaptation
(AGWA). Nureen is currently a doctoral candidate in environmental sciences at the Oregon

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State University where her research is focused on understanding coupled human and natural
systems’ dynamics in the wetlands of Bangladesh.

Mr. J. Eugenio Barrios O. has 30 years of experience in water resource management, with a
solid experience on environmental flows and water allocation policies. He is a former deputy
director general of the Mexico National Water Commission. He had several positions at
WWF Mexico and Latin America; the most relevant as a director of the Freshwater Program
where he led the National Environmental Water Reserves Program, for the National Water
Commission and the Inter-American Development Bank. He has a professional engineering
degree from the University of Mexico (UNAM), and a master of science in environmental
engineering from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign United States.

Mr. Michael Becker is the executive director of Nature Invest and the leader of the Regional
Implementation Team—CEPF Cerrado for the International Institute of Environmental
Education. Michael is responsible for the regional implementation of the Critical Ecosystem
Partnership Fund (CEPF) in the Cerrado Biodiversity Hotspot, including mainstreaming
biodiversity protection into the public and private sector business practices in the region.
Michael previously served as the World Wildlife Fund’s Conservation Director in Brazil.
Michael has a master of science in environmental engineering from the Brandenburgische
Technische Universitiät Cottbus-Senftenberg and a master of business administration from the
Fundação Getulio Vargas.

Mr. José Bento da Rocha is currently the undersecretary of environmental licensing and
water resources for the State of Goiás, Brazil, and formerly worked for the Water, Power and
Basic Sanitation Regulatory Agency for the Federal District (ADASA) in Brazil. He has a
master’s degree from the Universidade Estadual de Goiás.

Dr. Kate A. Brauman is a 2020–21 Water and Climate Resilience Fellow at the US
Department of Defense through a AAAS Science Technology Policy Fellowship, where she
works on water resilience at military installations. Kate remains affiliated with the University
of Minnesota’s Institute on the Environment, where she was the lead scientist for the Global
Water Initiative and a member of the Natural Capital Project science team. Kate was a
coordinating lead author for the Global Assessment of the Intergovernmental Platform on
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). She received her doctorate from Stanford
University and her undergraduate degree from Columbia University.

Dr. Leah Bremer is an environmental science and policy specialist with the University of
Hawaiʻi Economic Research Organization (UHERO) and the Water Resources Research
Center (WRRC) at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. She is also cooperating faculty with
the Department of Geography and Environment, the Department of Natural Resources and
Environmental Management, and the Biocultural Initiative of the Pacific at the University
Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, and she is a research affiliate with the Gund Institute of the Environment

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(University of Vermont) and Fundación Cordillera Tropical, an NGO in Ecuador. She holds a
BA in psychology, an MS in conservation biology, and a PhD in geography.
Dr. Wouter Buytaert is a professor of hydrology and water resources at the Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London. His research is situated
at the interface between hydrological process understanding, water resources management,
and sustainable development. He has a particular interest in the impact of land use change
and climate change on the terrestrial water cycle, and the use of participatory processes to
support decision-making on water resources and water-related risks in data-scarce regions.
He is involved in several research projects on nature-based solutions, with a specific focus
on their application to promote water security in the tropical Andes. Wouter graduated with a
master of engineering/master of science in environmental engineering from the University of
Leuven, Belgium, in 2000 and obtained a PhD from the same university in 2004.
Dr. Jan Cassin is director of Forest Trends’ Water Initiative, where she leads the
organization’s work on scaling nature-based solutions for sustainable water management
and climate adaptation. An ecologist with expertise in terrestrial and freshwater systems,
her career has emphasized applied research and practice in a wide range of water resource
management issues, including: integrated watershed management; wetland, stream, and
floodplain restoration; environmental flows; natural infrastructure design and assessment;
ecosystem services quantification; and innovative financial mechanisms, such as wetland
banking and investments in watershed services. She has worked as an environmental and
water resources consultant, as a research assistant at MIT’s Center for Policy Alternatives, as
a biologist for The Nature Conservancy, and on tree planting and firefighter crews for the US
Forest Service. Jan received her BA from the University of Colorado and her doctorate from
the University of Michigan.
Ms. Cheyenne Coxon is a senior communications associate at Forest Trends, working across
all Forest Trends initiatives on project management, publications, outreach strategy, and
storytelling. Cheyenne is a biologist by training and, before joining Forest Trends, worked
as a laboratory researcher and animal care assistant at the UC Davis Veterinary Medical
Teaching Hospital, One Health Institute, and Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute.
More recently, she completed a Science Communication Fellowship at the National Center
for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS) and a land use and water quality risk
assessment for Denver Water. Cheyenne has a bachelor of science in animal science from
UC Davis and a master of environmental science and management from the Bren School of
Environmental Science & Management (UC Santa Barbara).
Ms. Mia Ebeltoft is managing director at Climate Risk Advisory and deputy director with
Finans Norge, Norway’s Financial & Insurance Services Association. Mia is an attorney
with a demonstrated history of working in the financial services industry, focusing on
climate change/climate risk, private-public projects, disaster risk reduction and disaster risk

xxi
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
se començo la çena a seruir, la
qual era tan sumptuosa y
opulenta de viandas y aparato de
oro, plata, riqueza y seruiçio que
no hay injenio que la pueda
descreuir en particular.
Miçilo.—Alguna parte della nos
falta agora aqui.
Gallo.—Fueron alli seruidos en
oro y plata todos los manjares
que la tierra produçe y los que el
ayre y el mar crian, y los que ha
inquirido por el mundo la ambiçion
y gula de los hombres sin que la
hambre ni neçesidad lo
requiriesse. Seruian a las manos
en fuentes de cristal agua rosada
y de azahar; y el vino en perlas
cabadas muy grandes, y no se
preçiauan[438] alli de beuer uinos
muy preçiados de Castilla; pero
traidos de Candia, de Greçia y
Egipto. Eran las mesas de çedro
coxido del Libano, y del çipres
oloroso asentadas sobre peanas
de marfil. Los estrados y sillas en
que estauamos sentados al
comer eran labradas a manera de
taraçes de gemas y jaspes finos;
los asientos y respaldares eran de
brocado y de muy fino carmesi de
Tiro.
Miçilo.—¡O gallo! qué sabroso
me es este[439] tu canto: no me
pareçe sino que poseo al
presente el oro de aquel rico
Midas y Creso, y que estoy
asentado a las opulentas mesas
del emperador Eliogabalo.
Querria que en çien años no se
me acabasse esta
bienaventurança en que agora
estoy. Mucho me entristeze la
miseria en que pienso venir
quando amanezca.
Gallo.—Todos aquellos
caualleros entendian con sus
damas en mucho regoçijo y
palaçio, en motejarse y en
discantar donayres y motes y
sonetos de amores: notandose
vnos a otros de algunos graçiosos
descuydos en las leyes del amor.
La mi diosa puesta en mí su
coraçon me sacaua con fabores y
donaires á toda cortesania. Cada
vez que me miraua, agora fuesse
derecho, agora al traues, me
encantaua y me conuertia todo en
si sacandome de mi natural.
Sentime tan preso de su gran
valor que no pudiendo disimular le
dixe: ¡O señora! no más. Piedad,
señora, que ya no sufre paçiençia
que no me dé a merçed. Como
fueron acabadas las viandas y
alçadas las mesas, cada qual se
apartó con su dama sobre tapetes
y coxines de requamados de
diuerso color. Donde en el entre
tanto que se llegaua la hora del
dormir ordenaron vn juego para
su solaz. El qual era: que cada
qual con su dama muy secreto y á
la oreja le[440] preguntasse lo que
más se le antoje; y la primera y
mas prinçipal ley del juego es:
que infalibremente se responda la
verdad. Fue este juego gran
ocasion y aparejo para que entre
mí y mi diosa se declarasse[441]
nuestro deseo y pena: porque yo
le pregunté conjurandola con las
leyes del juego, me diga en quien
tuuiesse puesta su fe, y ella muy
de coraçon me dixo, que en mí.
Con la qual confession se çerró el
proçeso, estando ella segura de
mi voluntad y amor; y ansi
conçertamos que como yo fuesse
recogido en mi camara en el
sosiego de la obscura noche, ella
se yria para mi. Con esta
promessa y fe se desbarató el
juego de acuerdo de todos, y ansi
pareçieron muchos pajes delante
con hachas que con su lunbre
quitauan las tinieblas, y hazian de
la noche dia claro, y despues que
con confites, canelones, alcorças
y maçapanes y buen vino
hezimos todos colaçion: hecha
por todos vna general reuerençia,
toda aquella graçiosa y exçelente
corte mostrando quererme
acompañar se despidio de mi; y
hecho el deuido cunplimiento á la
mi bella dama, dandonos con los
ojos á entender la palabra que
quedaua entre nos, me guiaron
las dos damas que me metieron
en el castillo hasta vna camara de
entoldo y aparato çelestial, donde
llegado aquellas dos diosas con
vn agraçiado semblante se
despidieron de mí. Dexaronme vn
escudero y vn paje de guarda que
me descalçó, y dexando vna vela
ençendida en medio de la camara
se fueron, y yo me deposité en
vna cama dispuesta á todo
deleyte y plazer, entre vnos
lienços que pareçia auerlos hilado
arañas con todo primor. Olia la
camara á muy suabes pastillas: y
la cama y ropa á agua de angeles
y azahar; y quedando yo solo
puse mi sentidos y oreja atento
todo á si mi diosa venia. Por muy
poco sonido que oya me alteraua
todo creyendo que ella fuesse, y
como me hallase engañado no
hazia sino enbiar sospiros que la
despertassen y luego de nueuo
me recogia con nueua atençion
midiendo los passos que de su
aposento al mio podia auer.
Consideraua cualquiera
ocupaçion que la podia estorbar;
lebantauame de la cama muy
pasito y abria la puerta y miraua á
todas partes si sentia algun
meneo o bulliçio, o via alguna luz:
y como no via cosa alguna con
gran desconsuelo me boluia
acostar. Deshaziame de zelos
sospechando por mi poco
mereçer, si burlandose de mí
estaua en los brazos de otro
amor, y estando yo en esta
congoja y fatiga estaua mi diosa
aparejandose para venir con la
quietud de la noche: no porque
tiene neçesidad de aguardar
tiempo, pues con echar en todos
vn sueño profundo lo podia todo
asegurar. Pero por encareçerme á
mí más el preçio de su valor, y la
estima que de su persona se
deuia tener, aguardaua
haziendoseme vn poco ausente,
estando siempre por su gran
poder y saber ante mí; y quando
me vi más desesperado siento
que con vn poco de rumor entre la
puerta y las cortinas me comiença
pasito á llamar, y yo como la oy,
como suele aconteçer si alguno
ha peleado gran rato en vn hondo
pielago con las malezas que le
querian ahogar, y ansi afanando
sale asiendose á las espadañas y
ramas de la orilla que no se
atreue ni se confia dellas porque
se le rompen en las manos, y con
gran trabajo mete las uñas en el
arena por salir, ansi como yo la oy
á mi señora y mi diosa salto de la
cama sin sufrimiento alguno: y
recogiendola en los[442] braços
me la comienço á bessar y
abraçar. Ella venia desnuda en
vna delgada camisa: cubiertos
sus delicados mienbros con vna
ropa sutil de çendal, que como las
rosas puestas en vn vidrio toda se
trasluzia. Traya sus hermosos y
dorados cabellos cogidos con vn
graçioso y rico garbin, y dexando
la ropa de acuestas, que avn para
ello no le daua mi sufrimiento
lugar, nos fuemos en vno á la
cama. No te quiero dezir más sino
que la lucha de Hercules y Anteo
te pareçiera alli. Tan firmes
estauamos afferrados como
puedes imaginar de nuestro amor:
que ninguna yedra que á planta
se abraza podia compararse á
ambos á dos. Venida la mañana
la mi diosa se leuantó: y lo más
secreto que pudo se fue á su
aposento, y luego con vn su
camarero me enbió vn vestido de
recamado encarnado con vnos
golpes sobre vn tafetan azul,
tomados con vnas cintas y clauos
de oro del mesmo color; y quando
yo senti el palaçio estar de
conuersaçion me leuanté y atauié
y salí á la gran sala donde hallé
vestida á la mi diosa de la mesma
librea, que con amoroso donayre
y semblante me reçibió; á la qual
siguieron[443] todos aquellos
cortesanos por saber que la
hazian mucho plazer; y ansi cada
dia mudauamos ambos dos y tres
libreas de vna mesma deuisa y
color á vna y otra vsança, de
diuersidad de naciones y
prouinçias; y luego todos nos
fuemos a ver muy lindos y
poderosos estanques, riberas,
bosques, jardines que auia en la
casa para entreternos hasta que
fue llegada la hora del comer. La
qual como fue llegada y el
maestresala nos fue a llamar
boluimos a la gran sala: donde
estaua todo aparejado con la
mesma sumptuosidad que la
noche passada; y ansi
conmençando la musica començo
el seruiçio del comer; fuemos
seruidos con la mesma magestad
y aparato que alli estaua en
costunbre, y despues como fue
acabado el yantar y se leuantaron
las mesas quedamos todos
hablando con diuersas cosas, de
damas, de amores, de fiestas,
justas y torneos. De lo qual
venimos a hablar en la corte del
Enperador Carlos Quinto deste
nonbre nuestro Rey y señor de
Castilla. En la qual platica me
quise yo mostrar adelantandome
entre todos por engrandeçer su
estado y magestad, pues de mas
de ser yo su vasallo, por lleuar
sus gajes era mi Señor. Lo qual
todos aquellos caualleros y
damas oyeron con atençion y
voluntad, y algunos que de su
corte tenian notiçia proseguian
comigo en la prueba de mi
intento; y como mi diosa me
conoçió tan puesto en aquel
proposito, sin darme lugar a
muchas palabras me dixo. Señor,
porque de nuestra corte y
hospedaje vayas contento, y
porque ninguno deste parayso
sale desgraçiado, quiero que
sepas agora como en esta
nuestra casa se honrra y se
estima ese bienauenturado
prinçipe por Rey y Señor. Porque
nuestra progenie y deçendençia
tenemos por derecha linea de los
Reyes de Castilla; y por tales nos
trataron los reyes catholicos don
Fernando y doña Ysabel, dignos
de eternal memoria; y como
fuesse de tanto valor ese nieto
suyo por los buenos hados que se
juntaron en él, esta casa siempre
le ha hecho gran veneraçion, y
ansi vna visabuela mia que fue en
esta tierra la más sabia muger
que en ella nunca naçió en las
artes y buen hado, se empleó
mucho en saber los suçesos
deste valeroso y inclito prinçipe, y
ansi edificó vna sala muy rica en
esta casa y todo lo que con sus
artes alcançó en vna noche lo
hizo pintar alli; y porque en
ninguna cosa aquella visabuela
mia mintió de quanto alli hizo a
sus familiares pintar conforme a lo
que por este feliçissimo prinçipe
pasara, te lo mostraré hecho por
muy gran orden doçientos años
ha. Alli verás su buena fortuna y
su buen hado de que fue hadado,
por las grandes vatallas que en
tiempos aduenideros vençerá, y
gentes belicosas que traera a su
subjeçion; y diziendo esto se
leuantó de donde estaua sentada,
y con ella yo y toda aquella corte
de damas y caualleros que por el
semejante lo deseauan ver, y ansi
nos fuemos todos donde nos
guió, que como con vna cadena
nos lleuaua tras si. Y porque ya
pareçe, Miçilo, que es tarde y
tienes gana de dormir, porque
siento que es ya la media noche,
quiero por agora dexar[444] de
cantar; y porque pareçe que nos
desordenamos cantando a prima
noche, nos boluamos a nuestra
acostunbrada hora de nuestra
cançion, que es quando el alua
quiere romper, porque es mas
conforme a nuestro natural; y ansi
para el canto que se sigue
quedará lo demas.
Miçilo.—¡O gallo! quan fuera de
mi me has tenido con esta tu
sabrosa cançion de comida y
aparato sumptuoso; y nosotros no
tenemos más de cada quatro
habas que comer oy. Solamente
quisiera tener el cargo de limpiar
aquella plata y oro que alli se
ensuçió, por gozar alguna parte
del deleyte que reçiben estos
ricos en lo tratar. Ruegote que no
me dexes de contar lo que en el
fin te suçedió; y agora, pues
quieres, vamonos a dormir.

Fin del quinto canto del gallo de

Luçiano.
 NOTAS:
[405] Tachado: Siguesse el quinto canto del Gallo de Luçiano,
orador griego, contrahecho en el castellano por el mesmo autor
prete.
[406] G., trabajo.
[407] G., musicos.
[408] G., por.
[409] G., quanto.
[410] G., hagais.
[411] G., Taxo.
[412] G., ofreçen.
[413] G., con.
[414] G., dexemos.
[415] R. (Tachado): quatrocientas.
[416] G., començamos a caminar por.
[417] G., montaña.
[418] G., y mandele.
[419] G., del.
[420] G., los.
[421] Lançamos.
[422] G., la qual.
[423] G., que tiene la mesma costumbre que yo en.
[424] G., buena dueña.
[425] G., os digo.
[426] G., esta.
[427] G., hermoso.
[428] G., auia musayco y muçaraues muy perfectos.
[429] G., entiende.
[430] G., en otra.
[431] G., sino en.
[432] G., se ocupan.
[433] G., juuenil.
[434] G., pareçeria.
[435] G., de inestimable valor.
[436] G., jazmines.
[437] G., el.
[438] G., contentauan.
[439] R., ese.
[440] R., se.
[441] R., declare.
[442] G., mis.
[443] G., siguiendo.
 ARGUMENTO
DEL SEXTO
CANTO

En el sexto canto que se sigue el

auctor descriue por industria
admirable de vna pintura las
victorias que el nuestro
inuictissimo Emperador Carlos
quinto deste nombre obo en la
prision del Rey Francisco de
Françia en Pauia, y la que obo
en Tunez y en la batalla que
dio a Lansgraue y a Juan
duque de Saxonia y liga de
herejes alemanes junto al rio
Albis en Alemania[445].

Gallo.—Si duermes, Miçilo,

despierta.

Miçilo.—Di, gallo; que despierto

estoy y con voluntad de oyrte.
Gallo.—Deseo mucho oy
discantar aquella facunda historia
que alli descriuio aquel pintor.
Porque era de tanta exçelençia,
de tanto spiritu, y de tanta
magestad; de tanta extrañeça el
puesto y repuesto de todo quanto
alli pintó que no ay lengua que
pueda llegar allá. Dezian los
antiguos que la escriptura era la
Retorica sin lengua; y de aquella
pintura dixeran que era la
eloquençia hablada. Porque tanta
ventaja me pareçe que lleuaua
aquella pintura a lo que
Demostenes, Tullio, Esquines, y
Tito Liuio pudieran en aquel
proposito orar, como lo verdadero
y real lleua differençia y ventaja a
la sonbra y fiçion. Veras alli los
honbres vibos que no les faltaua
sino el spiritu y lengua con que
hablar. Si con grande affecto
hasta agora he hablado por te
conplazer, agora en lo que dixere
pretendo mi interes; que es
descriuiendo la sunptuosidad de
aquella casa y el gran saber de
aquella maga discantar el valor y
magestad de Carlos medio Dios;
porque sepan oy los honbres que
el gallo sabe orar.
Miçilo.—Pues de mí confiado
puedes estar que te prestaré la
deuida atençion.
Gallo.—Pues como al
mouimiento de la mi bella Saxe
toda aquella corte diuina se
leuantó en pie, tomando yo por la
mano a mi diosa nos fuemos a
salir a vn corredor; y en vn cuarto
dél llegamos a vnas grandes
puertas que estauan çerradas,
que mostrauan ser del parayso
terrenal. Eran todas, avnque
grandes, del hebano mareotico
sin mezcla de otra madera; y
tenia toda la clabazon de plata; y
no porque no fuesse alli tan façil
el oro de auer, sino porque no es
el oro metal de tanta trabazon.
Estauan por las puertas con
grande artifiçio entretexidas
conchas de aquel preçiado
galapago indio, y entresembradas
muchas esmeraldas que variaban
el color. Eran los vnbrales y
portada del marmol fino y marfil,
jaspe y cornerina; y no solamente
era destas preçiosas piedras lo
que pareçia por los remates del
edefiçio, pero avn auia tan
grandes piezas que por su
grandeza tenian fuerça bastante
para que cargasse en ellas parte
del edefiçio. La bella Saxe sacó
vna llaue de oro que mostró
traerla siempre consigo, porque
no era aquella sala de confiar, por
ser el secreto y vigor de sus artes,
encanto y memoria; y como
fueron las puertas abiertas
hizieron vn brauo ruydo que a
todos nos dió pabor. Pero al
animo que nos dió nuestra diosa
todos con esfuerço entramos. Era
tan sunptuoso aquel edefiçio
como el templo mas rico que en el
mundo fue. Porque excedia sin
comparaçion al que descriuen los
muy eloquentes historiadores de
Diana de Effeso y de Apolo en
Delphos quando quieren más
encareçer su hermosura y
sumptuosidad. No pienso que
diria mucho quando dixesse
exçeder a los siete edefiçios que
por admirables los llamaron los
antiguos los siete milagros del
mundo. Era el techo de artesones
de oro maçiço, y de mozaraues
cargados de riquezas. Tenia las
vigas metidas en grueso canto de
oro: y el marmol y marfil, jaspe,
oro y plata no tenia solamente la
sobrehaz y cubierta del preçiado
metal y obra rica, pero la coluna
era entera y maçiça, que con su
groseça y fortaleça sustentaua el
edefiçio; y ansi auia de pedazos
de oro y plata grandes piezas de
aquellas entalladuras y molduras.
Alli estaua la agata, no solo para
ser vista, pero para creçimiento
de la obra; y la colorada sardo
está[446] alli que a todo daua
hermosura y fortaleza; y todo el
pabimento era enladrillado de
cornerinas y turquesas y jacintos;
yua quatro palmos del suelo por
la pared por orla de la pintura vn
musayco de piedras finas del
Oriente, que desbaratauan todo
juizio con su resplandor.
Diamantes, esmeraldas, rubies,
zafires, topazios y carbuncos; y
luego començaba la pintura, obra
de gran magestad; y ansi luego
començo la mi bella Saxe a
mostrarnos toda aquella diuinada
historia, cada parte por si,
dandonosla a entender. Dixo:
veys alli ante todas cosas cómo
viendo el Rey Françisco de
Françia las alteraçiones que en
Castilla leuantaron las
Comunidades por la ausençia de
su Rey, pareçiendole que era
tiempo conueniente en aquella
disension para tomar façilmente el
Reino de Nauarra, enbió su
exerçito. El cual apoderado en la
çiudad de Pamplona y en todas
las villas y castillos della han
corrido hasta Estella y puesto
çerco sobre la çiudad de Logroño:
la cual çiudad como valerosa se
ha defendido con gran daño de
françeses. Agora veys aqui como
los gouernadores de Castilla
auiendo paçificado las
disensiones del reyno, auiendo
nueua del estado en que al
presente está el reyno de Nauarra
determinan todos juntos con su
poder venir a remediar el daño
hecho por françeses y restituir el
reyno a su rey de Castilla que al
presente estaua en Flandes: lo
qual todo que veys ha doçientos
años que se pintó; y quierote
agora, señor, mostrar lo que desta
tu guerra, a que ybas agora
suçederá. Ves aqui como
sintiendo los françeses venir los
gouernadores de Castilla leuantan
el çerco de Logroño, y retiranse a
la çiudad de Pamplona por
hazerse fuertes alli. Ves aqui
como el Condestable y todos los
otros Señores de Castilla,
ordenadas sus batallas los siguen
en el alcançe a la mayor furia y
ardid que pueden; ansi ves aqui
como los atajan el camino junto a
la çiudad de Pamplona[447],
donde el miercoles que verna,
que seran quinze deste mes,
todos con animo y esfuerço de
valerosos prinçipes los acometen
diziendo: España, España,
Sanctiago: y ansi veslos aqui
rotos y muertos mas de çinco mil
françeses sin peligrar veynte
personas de Castilla. Dexote de
mostrar las brauezas que estos
capitanes en particular hizieron
aqui conforme a lo que se pintó:
las quales no ay lengua que las
pueda encareçer. Entonçes le
demandé a mi diosa liçençia para
me hallar alli: y ella me dixo: no te
hago, señor[448], poco seruiçio en
te detener: porque yo he
alcançado por mi saber el peligro
en que tu persona auia de venir: y
ansi proueyeron tus hados que yo
te aya de saluar aqui. No quieras
más buenauentura que poseerme
a mi. Yo me le rendi por perpetuo
basallo y juré de nunca me
reuelar a su imperio. Y ansi luego
prosiguio diziendo: Veys aqui
cómo con esta vitoria quedó
desenbaraçado de françeses todo
el reyno de Nauarra, y los
gouernadores se bueluen en
Castilla dejando por virrey deste
reyno al conde de Miranda. El
qual va luego sobre el castillo de
Maya y le combate con gran
ardid, y le entra y mata a quantos
dentro estan. Veis aqui cómo
siendo Carlos auisado por los de
su reyno la neçesidad que tienen
de su venida y presençia,
despedidos muchos y muy arduos
negoçios que tenia en Alemania
se embarca para venir en España
en diez y ocho de julio del año de
mil y quinientos y veynte y tres
con gran pujança de armada.
Veys aqui cómo se viene por
Ingalaterra por visitar al rey y
reyna su tia, de los quales será
reçevido con mucha alegria, y le
hazen muchas y muy solenes
fiestas. Las quales acabadas y
despedido de aquellos
cristianissimos Reyes se viene a
España aportando a la villa de
Laredo, donde es reçibido con
plazer de los grandes del reyno
que le estaran alli aguardando.
Veis aqui cómo viendo el Rey
Françisco de Françia no auer
salido con la empresa de
Nauarra, y visto que el
Prinçipe[449] de Castilla Carlos
está ya en su reyno, determina en
el año de mil y quinientos y
veynte y quatro emprender vn
acometimiento de mayor interes,
y fue que acuerda con todo su
poder y muy pujante exerçito
tomar el ducado de Milan y
teniendo gente de su valia dentro
de[450] la çiudad de Milan su
mesma persona estando presente
poner[451] çerco a la çiudad de
Pauia, en que al presente está
por teniente el nunca vençido
capitan Antonio de Leyua con
alguna gente española y ytaliana
que tiene para en su defensa.
Veys aqui cómo teniendo el rey
de Françia çercada esta çiudad
acuden a su defensa todos los
capitanes y compañías que el
Rey de Castilla tiene en aquella
sazon por la Italia y Lombardia, y
todos los prinçipes y señores que
estan en su seruiçio y liga. Viene
aqui en defensa Carlo de Lanaya,
o Charles de Limoy que entonçes
estara por visorrey de Napoles, y
el marques de Pescara, y el