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ENGLISH
Fourth Quarter – Module 4
Week 1

SDO TAGUIG CITY AND PATEROS

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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
This module was collaboratively designed, developed, and evaluated by the
Development and Quality Assurance Teams of SDO TAPAT to assist you in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the
module.
For the learner:
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and
time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource
while being an active learner.
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any
part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises.
2. Do not forget to answer Let’s Try before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through
with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do
not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind
that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful
learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You
can do it!

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 Let’s Learn

This module was designed and written for you, dear Grade 10 learners. It
will be a great help to you in getting familiar with technical terms used in
research. The scope of this module permits you to be used in many different
situations. The lessons are organized to follow the standard structure of
Enhanced K to 12 Curriculum. The sequence of the lessons given will help
you to clearly understand and use the English Language in your everyday
communication and lifestyle.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. get familiar with technical terms used in research;

2. give the importance of research; and
3. use formal language in writing the research paper.

Let’s Try

Directions: Read each statement or question carefully and write the letter of
the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper. For those who can access
this activity online, you may answer this through Google Form to be sent by
your English teacher or click the link below for complete access of activities
of this module: https://www2.slideshare.net/espie1229/technical-terms-used-in-
research

1. In research Mean, Median and Mode are________ .

A. Measures of deviation B. Ways of sampling
C. Measures of control tendency D. None of the above

2. What is research? Research is ___________ .

A. searching again and again
B. finding solution to any problem
C. working in a systematic way to search for truth of any problem
D. none of the above

3. Which of the following is the first step in starting the research process?

A. searching sources of information to locate the problem

B. survey of related literature
C. identification of problem
D. searching for solutions to the problem

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4. A common test in research demands much priority on __________.
A. reliability B. usability
C. objectivity D. all of the above

5. An action research is ___________.

A. a longitudinal research
B. an applied research
C. a research initiated to solve an immediate problem
D. a research with socioeconomic objective

6. A reasoning where we start with certain statements and conclude with a

universal statement is called _______.
A. deductive reasoning B. inductive reasoning
C. abnormal reasoning D. transcendental reasoning

Let’s Recall

Directions: Select the correct answer by writing the letter of your choice in
a piece of paper, or open this link to access this activity online:
https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/5e887c47d8969e001bdcc014/english-10-technical-
terms-in-research-writing

1. It is a brief overview of a study.

A. abstract B. data
C. research questions D. statistical Tool

2. This refers to the information that can be numbers or words that is used
in research writing.
A. abstract B. data
C. research Questions D. statistical tool

3. It refers to the game plan or method for finding out what you want to
know.
A. abstract B. data
C. research questions D. statistical tool

4. These are the mathematical tools based on the normal curve used to
analyze data.
A. abstract B. data
C. research questions D. statistical tool

5. This refers to the accuracy where the extent of which a test or study
measures what it is supposed to measure.
A. abstract B. validity
C. scope and limitation D. statistical tool

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6.This refers to the target and limit of the research study.
A. abstract B. validity
C. scope and limitation D. statistical tool

7. This is a careful investigation or study of a subject.

A. manuscript B. research
C. experiment D. assignment

8. This is anything that calls for a solution.

A. effect B. cause
C. problem D. hypothesis

9. This is a concept that needs to be proven through a thorough study.

A. hypothesis B. effect
C. solution D. relationship

10. This refers to the judgment or decision made by the researcher based on
the findings of the study.
A. recommendation B. conclusion
C. findings D. hypothesis

Let’s Explore

Lesson: Technical Terms Used in Research

Research Definition
Research is a careful and detailed study into a specific problem,
concern, or issue using the scientific method. This is best accomplished by
turning the issue into a question, with the intent of the research to answer
the question.
Research is a systematic, formal, rigorous, and precise process
employed to gain solutions to problems or to discover and interpret new
facts and relationships.
- (Kothari 2006)

Research is the process of solving problems and finding facts in an

organized way. Sometimes, Research is used for challenging or making
contribution to generalizable knowledge. Additional knowledge can be
discovered by proving existing theories, and by trying to better explain
observations.

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Research Terms and Definitions

Knowing common research terminology helps you understand how to

read and interpret scholarly journal articles so you can more effectively
apply the results to real world human performance. The following are basic
research terms and definitions.

Abstract (summary) An abstract is a summary of a research article,

thesis, review, conference proceeding, or any in-depth analysis of a
particular subject and is often used to help the reader quickly ascertain the
paper’s purpose.

Assignment- Random assignment is how you assign the sample that

you draw to different groups or treatments in your study.

Background of the study- Research background is a brief outline of

the most important studies that have been conducted so far presented in a
chronological order. Research background should also include a brief
discussion of major theories and models related to the research problem

Cause and effect- Cause and effect refers to a relationship between

two phenomena in which one phenomenon is the reason behind the other.
The term effect has been used frequently in scientific research.

Conclusion - The conclusion is intended to help the reader

understand why your research should matter to them after they have
finished reading the paper. A conclusion is not merely a summary of your
points or a re-statement of your research problem but a synthesis of key
points.

Data- Research data is any information that has been collected,

observed, generated, or created to validate original research findings.
Although usually digital, research data also includes non-digital formats
such as laboratory notebooks and diaries.

Experiment - An experiment is a procedure carried out to support,

refute, or validate a hypothesis.

Findings - The principal outcomes of a research project; what the

project suggested, revealed, or indicated. This usually refers to the totality of
outcomes, rather than the conclusions or recommendations drawn from
them.

Hypothesis - A hypothesis is a specific statement of prediction. It

describes in concrete (rather than theoretical) terms what you expect will
happen in your study. Not all studies have hypotheses.

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 Manuscript- A manuscript is the work that an author submits to a
publisher, editor, or producer for publication. An accepted manuscript,
reviewed but not yet in a final format, distributed in advance as a preprint.

Methodology - Research methodology is the specific procedures or

techniques used to identify, select, process, and analyze information about a
topic. In a research paper, the methodology section allows the reader to
critically evaluate a study's overall validity and reliability.

Questionnaire- A questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of

a series of questions for the purpose of gathering information from
respondents. Questionnaires can be thought of as a kind of written
interview.

Recommendation- Recommendations are based on the results of

your research and indicate the specific measures or directions that can be
taken. Therefore, implications signify the impact of your research and
recommendations might be concrete steps/actions that the research
proposes.

Reference- A references page is the last page of an essay or research

paper that has been written in APA style. It lists all the sources you have
used in your project, so readers can easily find what you have cited.

Relationship- A relationship refers to the correspondence between

two variables.

Research- The systematic investigation into and study of materials

and sources to establish facts and reach new conclusions.

Research question- A research question is an answerable inquiry

into a specific concern or issue. It is the initial step in a research project.

Research Problem - A research problem is a statement about an area

of concern, a condition to be improved, a difficulty to be eliminated, or a
troubling question that exists in scholarly literature, in theory, or in practice
that points to the need for meaningful understanding and deliberate
investigation.

Researcher- A researcher is someone who conducts research, i.e., an

organized and systematic investigation into something.

Scope and limitation- Scope and limitations are two terms that
address the details of a research project. The term scope refers to the
problem or issue that the researcher wants to study with the project.
Limitations is the term used for constraints that impact the researcher’s
ability to effectively study the scope of the project.

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 Solution- Answer(s) suggested or implemented to try and solve a
question or problem. A solution can be either simple or complex and may
require few resources or many resources.

Statistical tool- These are statistical methods involved in carrying

out a study include planning, designing, collecting data, analyzing, drawing
meaningful interpretation, and reporting of the research findings. The
statistical analysis gives meaning to the meaningless numbers, thereby
breathing life into a lifeless data.

Title- The title summarizes the main idea or ideas of your study. A
good title contains the fewest possible words that adequately describe the
contents and/or purpose of your research paper.

Validity- Validity refers to how accurately a method measures what it

is intended to measure. If research has high validity that means it produces
results that correspond to real properties, characteristics, and variations in
the physical or social world.

For more information, kindly visit this page here: Research-methodology.net

Let’s Elaborate

Using Formal Language in Writing the Research Paper

In writing parts of your research paper, remember to use formal language all
throughout its development. Remember the following conventions:

1. Do not use contractions.

Contractions (shortened form of words: e.g., it’s for it is, we’ve for we
have) are used in very informal or conversational types of writing. In your
research paper, words should not be contracted.

Examples of When Not to Use Contractions:

– ain’t: far too informal; not considered proper grammar
– could’ve/ would’ve/ should’ve: can make the writing awkward, and
writing these out sounds the same as the contraction, so use the two-word
version

Read more on this link: https://www.bkacontent.com/using-contractions-formal-

writing-acceptable-not/

2. Do not use abbreviations.

Text messages use a lot of abbreviations and short codes. Never
abbreviate words in your paper because it is a formal document. Words
must be spelled out correctly.

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 -Introducing acronyms
Introduce every acronym before using it in the text. The first time you
use the term, put the acronym in parentheses after the full term. Thereafter,
you can stick to using the acronym.

Example:
The International Olympic Committee (IOC) is headquartered in
Switzerland. The IOC President is elected by secret ballot.

Do not introduce an acronym unless you will use it a minimum of three

or four times. If it only appears once or twice, write out the full term. If you
use a lot of acronyms in the document, you can also introduce them in a list
of abbreviations.

There are some extremely common acronyms that do not need to be

introduced. However, the list is small. Some examples of acronyms that do
not need to be spelled out include:

Category Acronyms
Countries PRC, UAE, UK, USA, USSR
Organizations NASA, NATO, UNESCO, UNICEF
Science and AIDS, AM/FM, CD, DVD, HDMI, HIV, laser, PC, radar,
technology TV, USB
Time BC/AD, BCE/CE, time zones
Latin abbreviations e.g., i.e., et al.

Learn more by visiting this link here: https://www.scribbr.com/academic-

writing/abbreviations-and-acronyms/

3. Use the third person point of view in presenting your paper.

The third person is used in writing formal documents. It provides a more
objective tone to the paper. Avoid using the first person and second person
points of view. You may refer to yourself as “the researcher.”

Example:
”In spite of general gains in mathematics learning in the United States
(NAEP, 2007) and successful mathematics progress for students in many of
the math reform efforts, (MSP Impact Report, 2008), researchers have
noticed critical gaps in conceptual understanding of core mathematics
concepts and processes in students.” (Learn more from this link here:
https://edresearch.nmsu.edu/grant-resources/proposaltemplates/research-abstract/
research-abstract-sample-1/)

4. Use the passive voice as needed.

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 In writing your paper, use the passive voice for a more formal and
objective tone.
The passive voice lends an impersonal tone, which is perceived to be
formal, but can make the text wordier and more difficult to understand,
especially when used in long sentences. Until recently, this tone was
considered favorable for scientific writing and authors were advised to
strictly avoid using the active voice, especially the use of “I” and “we” in their
academic research papers.

Compare “In this study, we investigated the effect of drug X on the serum
levels of phosphorus under various conditions” with “In this study, the effect
of drug X on the serum levels of phosphorus was investigated under various
conditions.” (Please read more here: https://www.editage.com/insights/using-
the-active-and-passive-voice-in-research-writing)

Let’s Dig In

Directions: Answer each question. Use separate sheet of paper to write your
answers.

1. Why is research an important undertaking?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. Why is it essential for a researcher to delimit his/her topic on a particular

subject?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. When is a research considered a research? When is it not?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

4. How do you choose a subject to write about?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

5. How would the readers react when they read your work? If they disagree
with your topic, what would you do to defend your work?

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___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Let’s Remember

Widening your Vocabulary/Constructing Sentences

Directions: Recall the meaning of the words below then, define them
according to your own understanding. Afterwards, use them in sentences.
Use a separate sheet of paper for your answer.

1. research
Meaning:____________________________________________________________
Sentence:___________________________________________________________

2. validity
Meaning:____________________________________________________________
Sentence:___________________________________________________________

3. data
Meaning:_____________________________________________________________
Sentence:____________________________________________________________

4. abstract
Meaning:_____________________________________________________________
Sentence:_____________________________________________________________

5. recommendation
Meaning:______________________________________________________________
Sentence:______________________________________________________________

Let’s Evaluate
A. Directions: Match column A to column B to pair the definitions with the
terms given. Write the letter of your choice before each number.

A B
____1. This refers to the information that can be A. abstract
numbers or words that is used in research writing. B. research
questions
____2. It is a procedure carried out to support refute, C. questionnaire
or validate a hypothesis. D. researcher

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____3. Someone who conducts research is called__. E. title
____4. It refers to the problem or issue that the F.conclusion
researcher wants to study with the project. G. data
____5. It is a brief overview of a study. H. experiment
____6. This refers to the totality of outcomes. I. scope
____7. It is a research instrument consisting of a J. methodology
series of questions. K. findings
____8. It summarizes the main idea of the study.
____9. It is the specific procedures or techniques
used in research.
____10. It refers to the game plan or method for finding ✓
out what you want to know.

B. Directions. Put check mark ( ✓ ) if the statement is true and cross mark
(x) if it is not. Place your answer on the space provided.

_____1. Data are the gathered information from the respondents.

_____2. Questionnaires should be validated by an expert.

_____3. The person or persons conducting a research is called researcher or

researchers.

_____4. Books, internet, published and unpublished thesis could be a

reference for a study.

_____5. The significance of the study states the importance of the research
activity and to whom it is addressed.

C. Directions: Read statements below and look for the appropriate words
from the word pool. Write your answer before each number.

Word Pool
methodology data conclusion
manuscript title
validity recommendation reference
research problem findings
researcher
_______________1. It is the description of an issue currently existing which
needs to be addressed.
_______________2. These are the information they get or the conclusions they
come to as the result of an investigation or some research.
_______________3. These are distinct pieces of information, usually formatted
in a special way.
_______________4. It provides a precise summary of the paper’s content.
_______________5. It lists all the sources you have used in your project, so
readers can easily find what you have cited.
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_______________6. It is an indication of how sound your research is.
_______________7. It involves specific techniques that are adopted in research
process to collect, assemble and evaluate data.
_______________8. It/These is/are based on the results of your research and
indicate/s the specific measures or directions that can be
taken.
_______________9. This refers to a person who carries out academic or
scientific research.
_______________10. It is the fuel that drives the scientific process, and is the
foundation of any research method and experimental
design, from true experiment to case study.

Let’s Apply

The Writer as a Decision-Maker

Directions: Write a body of a research following this simple guide. (You may
use another sheet of paper for this activity). Remember to apply what you
have learned in using formal language in writing a research.

P: Purpose What do I really want to accomplish – to express ideas or

feelings or to inform?
A: Audience What do my readers need to know?
S: Subject What information must I pull together on research?
S: Structure What is the most effective organization to accomplish my
purpose?

Listening/Speaking

STEP 1 Watch a mystery or detective movie with your

classmates/siblings/parents. Discuss why the central
characters were not able to solve the mystery or crime
sooner than they did. What facts were concealed,
disregarded, or overlooked? What facts finally led to the
solution of the mystery?

STEP 2 Watch a sports event such as basketball or baseball on

YouTube. Discuss the facts with your
classmates/siblings/parents that explain causes or
effects of key events during the game.

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 Let’s Extend

It’s time to reflect…

Think of three (3) things you currently do to improve your writing. Write
three statements that represent ways you will try each of these things one
step beyond what you are currently doing.

Note: You may create good slides for this activity and send via Google Form
that your teacher will share to your Group Chat for submission.

You may refer to these links for further understanding of the lesson.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cs2fNm1qPfY&ab_channel=SimplifyConcepts
https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/researchglossary
https://www.slideshare.net/maheswarijaikumar/basic-research-terminologies
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324775202_Glossary_of_Research_Terms

References

-Dela Cruz, E. (2013, p.218). Journey to English 10. Bulacan: KLEALFS Publishing
-Frodesen,J and Eyring,J. (2010, p397). Grammar Dimensions 4. Singapore: MG
Reprographics, Inc.
-Gaza G. and Lazaro C. (2009, pp.139-140). Making Meaning in a Global Village Activity
Book. Manila: Trinitas Publishing, Inc.
-Terminologies on Research. Retrieved June 15, 2020 from
https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/
-Terminologies on Research. Retrieved June 15, 2020 from
http://research-methodology.net/
-Terminologies on Research. Retrieved June 15, 2020 from
https://library.sacredheart.edu/
-Terminologies on Research. Retrieved June 15, 2020 from
http://www.businessdictionary.com/
-Terminologies on Research. Retrieved June 15, 2020 from https://www.reference.com/

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 Development Team of the Module

Writer: Esperanza Cadavid Abaquita

Editors:
Content Evaluator: Remedios C. Lim For inquiries, please write or call:
Language Evaluator: Wilhelmina C. Estrada
Reviewers: Name Schools Division of Taguig City and
Illustrator: Bernard Marc E. Codillo Pateros, Upper Bicutan, Taguig City
Layout Artist: Michael N. Evans Telefax: 838-4251
Management Team: Dr. Margarito B. Materum, SDS Email Address:
Dr. George P. Tizon, SGOD – Chief sdo.tapat@deped.gov.ph
Dr. Ellery G. Quintia, CID Chief
Mr. Noel T. Balubal, EPS- English
Dr. Daisy L. Mataac, EPS- LRMS/ALS

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