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Textbook Ebook The New Brazilian Cinema First Edition University of Oxford Centre For Brazilian Studies All Chapter PDF
Textbook Ebook The New Brazilian Cinema First Edition University of Oxford Centre For Brazilian Studies All Chapter PDF
Edited by
Lúcia Nagib
in association with
The Centre for Brazilian Studies, University of Oxford
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Notes on contributors xi
Foreword xv
Introduction xvii
Acknowledgements xxvii
15 ImagiNation 245
JOSÉ CARLOS AVELLAR
Index 271
List of illustrations
IVANA BENTES is a film and visual arts researcher and critic. She
is Associate Professor of Audio-visual Language, History and
Theory at the School of Communication of the Federal University
of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) and an associate researcher at the
Advanced Programme of Contemporary Culture (PACC) of UFRJ.
She is the author of the book Joaquim Pedro de Andrade: a revolução
intimista (Rio de Janeiro, 1996) and the editor of Cartas ao mundo:
Glauber Rocha (São Paulo, 1997). She is the co-editor of the jour-
nal Cinemais: revista de cinema e outras questões audiovisuais.
LISA SHAW is the author of The Social History of the Brazilian Samba
(Ashgate, 1999) and numerous articles on Brazilian popular cine-
ma (1930-60) and the evolution of popular music in Brazil in the
1930s and 1940s. She is Senior Lecturer in Portuguese at the
University of Leeds, UK. In the autumn term of 1999 she was
Visiting Associate Professor in the Department of Spanish and
Portuguese at the University of California, Los Angeles.
xiv THE NEW BRAZILIAN CINEMA
Leslie Bethell
Director,
Centre for Brazilian Studies,
University of Oxford
Introduction
1994, the Rescue Award was given to a total of ninety projects (25
short, nine medium and 56 full length films), which were com-
pleted in quick succession. Thus the bottleneck created by the two
years of Collor’s government resulted in an accumulation of films
produced in the following years. The Rescue Award was followed
by the passing of Law no 8685, known as the Audio-visual Law,
which adapted pre-existing laws of fiscal incentives to audio-visual
projects, thus boosting film production rates.
In six years, from 1994 through 2000, Brazil produced nearly
200 feature-length films, a remarkable figure considering that the
whole film industry in the country had been dismantled just prior
to that. Moreover, despite the serious problems of film distribu-
tion and exhibition, several of the films received an immediate
and enthusiastic response from critics and audiences. The first
clear sign that the Brazilian cinematic landscape was changing was
Carlota Joaquina – princesa do Brasil (Carlota Joaquina – Princess of
Brazil, Carla Camurati, 1995), which, even though initially
released only in alternative venues, soon attracted over one mil-
lion viewers.
In 1998, Central do Brasil (Central Station, Walter Salles) received
the Golden Bear in Berlin, and its leading actress, Fernanda
Montenegro, received the best actress award in the same festival.
Central do Brasil achieved enormous success in Brazil, launching
the country back on the international scene after an absence that
had lasted since the glorious days of Cinema Novo in the 1960s. The
film received a long list of awards in Brazil and abroad, including
the British Academy Film Award for best foreign film and Oscar
nominations for best foreign film and best actress. Its commercial
career abroad has also been very successful.
Apart from Central do Brasil, many other recent Brazilian films
– such as O que é isso, companheiro? (Four Days in September, Bruno
Barreto, 1997), Orfeu (Carlos Diegues, 1999) and Eu, tu, eles (Me
You Them, Andrucha Waddington, 2000) – were released world-
wide, starting a new market trend set in a wider frame of Latin-
American film revivals in the 1990s, which includes Argentina and
Mexico as well as Brazil. At the beginning of the Brazilian film
revival variety seemed to predominate. Directors ranged from vet-
erans to beginners, resuming old projects or searching for new
ideas. Styles moved from the openly commercial to the strictly
experimental, in fiction, documentary or mixed films. But after
nearly a decade, it is now possible to assert that most of the recent
INTRODUCTION xix