7

Mathematics
Fourth Quarter–Module 28
Measures of Variability
(Ungrouped Data)

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Mathematics – Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
Fourth Quarter – Module 28: Measures of Variability
First Edition, 2020
Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.
Published by the Department of Education: Region 10
Regional Director: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III
Assistant Regional Director: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr., CESO V
Development Team of the Module
Author : Ramonita D. Mercado, MT I
Reviewers : Darelyn L. Cajeles, T I Ronato L. Taban-ud, T III
Pelmar M. Acosta, T III Vernie P. Bacayo, T II
Ana T. Cuevas, HT III Errol O. Taguran, HT III
Jessieca C. Hornejas, HT I Nora T. Bongcawel , MT II
Illustrator and Layout Artist: Vernie P. Bacayo, T II Errol O. Taguran, HT III
Conformance Reviewers: Alma C. Salomon, HT III Lourgen V. Maalam, MT II
Ana T. Cuevas, HT III Errol O. Taguran, HT III
Vernie P. Bacayo, T II Stephanie Mae R. Lanzaderas, T
III
Darelyn L. Cajeles, T I Rica O. Boquecosa, SST I
Ann J. Robiato, T III Mary Joy A. Cartagena, T
I
Rhina T. Cuajotor, T II
Management Team
Chairperson: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III
Regional Director
Co-Chairpersons: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr. CESO V
Asst. Regional Director
Edwin R. Maribojoc, EdD, CESO VI
Schools Division Superintendent
Eugene I. Macahis, Jr.
OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Mala Epra B. Magnaong, Chief ES, CLMD
Members: Marie Emerald A. Cabigas, PhD, EPS II - LRMS
Bienvenido U. Tagolimot, Jr., EPS - ADM
Samuel C. Silacan, EdD, CID Chief
Ernie J. Caguindangan, EPS - Mathematics
Rone Ray M. Portacion, EdD, EPS - LRMS
Leah G. Xenos, PSDS
Tita Pita L. Bago, EdD, Principal III/District In - Charge
Agnes P. Gonzales, PDO II
Vilma M. Inso, Librarian II

Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education – Region 10
Office Address: Zone 1, DepEd Building, Masterson Avenue, Upper Balulang
Cagayan de Oro City
Contact Number: (088) 330 7072
E-mail Address: region10@deped.gov.ph

7
Mathematics
Fourth Quarter-Module 28
Measures of Variability
(Ungrouped Data)

This instructional material is collaboratively developed and

reviewed by educators from public schools. We encourage
teachers and other education stakeholders to email their
feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department
of Education – Region 10 at region10@deped.gov.ph.

Your feedback and recommendations are highly valued.

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

 Introductory Message

For the learner:

Welcome to the Mathematics 7 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on
Measures of Variability (Ungrouped Data).

The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and accomplish.
Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is capable and
empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace
and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to check

what you already know about the lesson to take.
If you get all the answers correct (100%), you
may decide to skip this module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the

current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced

to you in various ways such as a story, a song, a
poem, a problem opener, an activity or a
situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and skills
of the topic. You may check the answers to the
exercises using the Answer Key at the end of
the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.
 What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will help
you transfer your new knowledge or skill into real
life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level

of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given to

you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included
in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate
to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
 Table of Contents

What I Need to Know - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- -- - 1

What I Know - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- -- - 2
What’s In - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- -- - 3
Lesson 1

What’s New - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- -- - 4
What Is It - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- -- - 5
What’s More - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- -- - 6

Lesson 2

What’s New - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- -- - 7
What Is It - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- -- - 8
What’s More - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- -- - 9

Lesson 3

What’s New - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- -- - 10
What Is It - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- -- - 11
What’s More - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- -- - 13

What I Have Learned ---------------------- 13

What I Can Do ---------------------- 14

Assessment ---------------------- 15

Additional Activities ---------------------- 16

Answer Key ---------------------- 17

References ---------------------- 19

What I Need to Know

 This module is designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the concepts of Measures of Variability. The scope of this module permits it
to be used in many different ways. The language recognizes your diverse
vocabulary. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with
the textbook you are now using.

This module consists of the Measures of Variability (Ungrouped Data)

divided into three lessons, namely:

 Lesson 1 – The Range

 Lesson 2 – The Average Deviation
 Lesson 3 – Variance and Standard Deviation

Based from the competency, this module will help you illustrate and calculate
the Measures of Variability of ungrouped data. (M7SP-IVh-1).

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. define variability;
2. enumerate and identify the Measures of Variability;
3. describe, illustrate and calculate the Measures of Variability of ungrouped
data; and
4. apply the concept in real life context.

What I Know
Directions: Read the questions carefully and write the letter of your answer on your
answer sheet.
1. Which of the following describes the measures of variability?
A. How spread out the data is.
B. The central score of the data.
C. The collection of data to be sampled.
D. The numerical value that occurs most often.
2. Which of the following is the square root of variance?
A. range C. deviation
B. median D. standard deviation
3. What do you call the average distance of all the elements in a data set from the
mean of the same data set?
A. range C. deviation
B. median D. standard deviation
4. Which of the following is a measure of variability?
A. mean C. mode
B. median D. standard deviation
5. The following data represent the hours worked over an eight-week period: 32, 40,
40,42, 40,44. What is the range of this set of data?
A. 12 B. 36 C. 40 D. 50
6. The scores of a student in 5 quizzes are recorded as: 8, 4, 10, 3, 5. What is the
variance?
A. 6.8 B. 14.2 C. 70.1 D. 96.4
7. The variance of a given data is 2.66. What is its standard deviation?
A.1.53 B.1.63 C.1.73 D.1.83
8. Which measures of variability is considered most reliable?
A. Range C. Average deviation
B. Variance D. Standard deviation

9. What refers to the average of the squared deviations from the

arithmetic mean?
A. Variance C. Co-efficient of variation
B. Standard deviation D. Mean absolute deviation
10. What is the mean average deviation of the data: 10, 8, 9, 7, 11?
A. 1.2 B. 5 C. 6 D. 9

Measures of Variability for Ungrouped Data

In Statistics

variability spread dispersion

refers to how close a distribution (scores) is with

respect to the mean

What’s In

Activity 1: What do you “Mean”?

Let’s Find Out: The Mean of the Data Set
Let’s Use These Materials: Answer sheet and ballpen
Let’s Do It This Way:
a. From the two sets of data below, solve for the mean of each set. Copy
the given data and write the answers on your answer sheet.

Set 1: Set 2:
-20, 0, 10, 20, 30 3, 4, 10, 11, 12

b. Answer the following questions:

1. What is the mean of the first set? How about the mean of the second
set?
2. Which set has numbers farther away from the mean?
3. Which set of numbers are more dispersed or scattered?
 Lesson 1 Range of Ungrouped Data

What’s New

So let’s think of another way to illustrate dispersion

or how far away we are from the center, on
average. One simplest way is the Range.

Activity 2: Find Me!

Let’s Find Out: The Range of Data Using the Bar Graph
Let’s Use These Materials: Answer sheet and ballpen
Let’s Do It This Way:
a. Observe closely the graph.
b. Answer the given questions.
c. Write your answer on your answer sheet.

Height of Grade 7 Students of

Sinonoc National High School
150
135
Height (cm)

100 130 115

105 110
50

0
25 82 52 48 10
Number of Students

Questions:
a. Which height has the most number of students? How many?
b. Which height has the least number of students? How many?
c. What is the difference between the height of the least number of students
and the height of the most number of students?
 What Is It

What is Range?

Math concept Description Examples

Characteristics of  It is the difference between the  The range of grades

largest and smallest values in of students
Range that data set.  The range of
 It is the easiest measure of distance traveled by
variability. It is only based on employees
two extreme values (the  The range of the
highest and the lowest value) height of dogs
 The fastest way to determine  The range of savings
the dispersion of scores. of students

How to calculate range of ungrouped data?

Illustrative Example 1: The range of grades of a student in 8 subjects

Solution:
Illustrative example 2: The range of the distance traveled by an employee in
kilometres.

What’s More

Activity 3: Find Me Again!

Let’s Find Out: The Range in a Given Set of Data

Let’s Use These Materials: Mathematics notebook and ballpen

Let’s Do It This Way:
a. Copy and fill out the table with the correct range. Show your solution.
b. Write your answers in your Mathematics notebook. The first one is done
for you!
 Set of Data Range
1. Sales of a sari-sari store in 1 (Arrange in ascending order)
week: Data:
₱350, ₱200, ₱230, ₱400, ₱180, ₱180, ₱200, ₱230, ₱270, ₱320, ₱350, ₱400

₱320, ₱270
Solution:
Range = Highest Sales-Lowest Sales
= ₱400 – 180
= ₱220
2. Height in centimeters of
Grade 7 students:
140, 142, 160, 155, 158,
148, 142, 140, 164, 168
3. Weight in kilograms of 8
basketball players:
70, 65, 70, 68, 62, 74, 69,
71

Lesson
Average Deviation of Ungrouped Data
2

What’s New

Consider this situation.

In a classroom, students have different heights, but

there is an average height. And most of these heights of the
students are either higher or lower than the said average
height. We call this various data of heights as variability. In
order to understand more about this, let us proceed to the next
lesson.
 What Is It

What is Average Deviation?

Math Concept Description Examples

Average Deviation  the average distance of the  Average

elements in a data set from the deviation of
sometimes called mean of the same data set scores of
Mean Absolution  describes how spread out the students
Deviation (MAD) data is  Average
deviation of
Note: income of
For any given value in a data set, employees
the deviation from the mean is  Average
the value minus the mean. deviation of
The greater the variability profit
(spread) of the data, the greater
the deviations from the mean
(ignoring the signs of the
deviation).
Situation: Consider the following scores of Ana in her 8 quizzes in Mathematics 3,
6, 6, 7, 8, 11, 15, and 16.

Solution:
Step 1: Find the mean.
3+6+6+ 7+8+11+15+16
Mean = =9
8

Step 2: Get the distance Distance of x from

ofeach score from the Value Mean the x
mean by subtracting (x) (x ¿ (Deviation)
each mean from
thevalue. 3 9 |3 – 9| = 6
6 9
6 9
|6 – 9|=¿3
7 9 |6 – 9|=¿3
Note: 8 9 |7 – 9|=¿2
Use the absolute value by 11 9 |8 – 9|=¿1
15 9
disregarding the negative
16 9
|11 – 9|=¿2
sign. |15 – 9|=¿6
|16 – 9|=¿3
Step 3. Find the mean of To find the average deviation, add all the
those distances deviations and divide it by the number of
(column 3 in the table scores to find the average deviation.
above. The result is the
Value Mean Distance of x
mean deviation or (x) (x ¿ from the x
average deviation. (Deviation)
3 9 6
6 9 3
6 9 3
7 9 2
8 9 1
11 9 2
15 9 6
16 9 3

Sum= 26
26
Average Deviation =
8
= 3.25
The average deviation tells us how far, on average, all scores are from the
middle. The graph illustrates the deviation or distance of each score from the mean.

What’s More

Activity 4: Solve Me!

Let’s Find Out: The Average Deviation of Ungrouped Data
Let’s Use These Materials: Answer sheet and ballpen
Let’s Do It This Way:

Use Data Set A and Data Set B to complete the table by finding the mean
and distance of each value from the mean.

a. Find the mean of the distances to solve for the average deviation.
b. Illustrate average deviation using the number line.
c. Write the answer on your answer sheet. Set A is done for you.

Values Mean Deviation Values Mean Deviation

Lesson Variance and Standard Deviation of

3 Ungrouped Data

What’s New
 You walk everyday from Monday to Friday in going to school. There is
variation in the time it takes you to arrive school like the weather,
transportation, your physical condition, etc.

To better understand variation, you need to

study the other two types of variation – variance
and standard deviation. These are two different
mathematical concepts that are both closely
related.

What Is It

Math Description
Concepts
Variance  It measures the average degree to which each number is
different from the mean.
 It is the average of the squared differences from the mean
 It is a measure of how spread out the numbers are.

Note:
The larger the variance, the greater the variability of the data
from the mean. The smaller the variance, the lesser the
variability.
 a figure that represents how far each number is from the mean.
Standard  It is the square root of the variance.

Deviation Note:
When the standard deviation is low, it implies that most of the
values are near the mean. If the values are far from the mean,
the standard deviation is high.

Let us illustrate using a dot plot.

The mean of the following two sets of data are the same. However, they
have different variance and standard deviation as discussed in the concepts stated
above.

Set A: Set B:

Given: Given:
15, 15, 15, 14, 16 2, 7, 14, 22, 30

15+15+15+14+ 16 2+ 7+14+ 22+ 30

Mean= = 15 Mean = = 15
5 5
 In the previous lesson, And, if we square
we learned how to get those deviations,
the deviation of each and take their
value from the mean. average, that’s
variance.

Now if we take the square root of the variance, that

is standard deviation.

Let us apply these concepts using the data above

by using a tabular presentation.

Data set 1: Data set 2:

Values Mean Deviation Square of Values Mean Deviation Square of

the the
deviation deviation

15 15 0 0 2 15 13 169
15 15 0 0 7 15 8 64
15 15 0 0 14 15 1 1
14 15 1 1 22 15 7 49
16 15 1 1 30 15 15 225
Sum 2 Sum 508

Using Data set 1: Using Data set 2:

Variance =
∑ of the squared deviations Variance =
∑ of the squared deviations
total number of values total number of values
 2 508
= =
5 5

= 0.63 = 101.6

Standard Deviation = √ 0.63 Standard Deviation = √ 101.6

= 0.79 = 10.08

Remember:
 The smaller the variance, the lesser the variability.
 The smaller the standard deviation, the less scattered the values
are.

What’s More

Activity 5: Solve and Illustrate Me!

Let’s Find Out: Plotting Data
Let’s Use These Materials: Mathematics notebook and ballpen
Let’s Do It This Way:
a. Read the given situation and study the data in the table.
b. Answer the questions that follow.
c. Write the answers in your Mathematics notebook.

Edgar surveyed the price of gasoline at all gasoline stations in Iligan City and
Ozamis City for one week. The data are given below.

Prices of gasoline in peso for 1 week

Iligan City 42.50 42.00 42.75 41.00 42.00 41.75 41.50

Ozamis City 40.00 39.00 38.50 41.25 43.50 42.00 40.75

Questions:
a. Solve for the mean.
b. Present the data in a dot plot.
c. Which dots are more scattered?

What I Have Learned

Activity 6: Complete Me!
Let’s Find Out: Terms Related to Measures of Variability
Let’s Use These Materials: Answer sheet and ballpen
Let’s Do It This Way:
a. Complete the following sentences. Choose the best answer from the choices in
the box below.
b. variance average deviation mean
range variability more scattered
square root less scattered average data
Write the answer on your answer sheet.
1. A measure that describes how spread out the data is called ___________.
2. In Mathematics, subtracting the lowest score from the highest score is
______________.
3. Mean Absolute Deviation is sometimes called ______________.
4. Standard Deviation is just the square root of ______________.
5. The average of the squared deviation from the mean is known as ____________.

What I Can Do

Activity 7: Apply Me!

Let’s Find Out: Variability in Real Life
Let’s Use These Materials: Answer sheet and ballpen
Let’s Do It This Way:
Study the table and answer the questions that follow.

Savings of Students for Six Days

Student A Student B

₱60 ₱20
₱50 ₱10
₱55 ₱130
₱40 ₱30
₱54 ₱100
₱41 ₱20
 a. What is the mean of each set?
b. Whose savings are more consistent?
c. Which set of savings has a greater variation? Explain.

Assessment

Directions: Read the questions carefully and write the letter of your answer on
your answer sheet.
1. Which of the following is a measure of the variability of data?
A. mean B. mode C. median D. variance
2. Which statement describes the measure of variability?
A. How spread out the data is.
B. The central score of the data.
C. The collection of data to be sampled.
D. The numerical value that occurs most often.
3. Which of the following is the square root of variance?
A. range C. deviation
B. variance D. standard deviation
4. What is the range of the following set of data:5, 7, 10, 15, 24?
A. 10 B. 19 C. 22 D. 29
5. Given the mean of 7, what is the variance of the following data set: 7, 10, 4, 8, 6?
A. 4 B. 6 C. 7 D. 10
6. Gasoline prices (per liter) for the last five days were ₱52, ₱50, ₱38, ₱49, and
₱48. What is the standard deviation?
A. 2.6 B. 3.45 C. 4.32 D. 4.88
7. If you have the variance, how do you get the standard deviation?
A. Square it.
B. Take the square root.
C. Subtract from the mean.
D. Divide it by the sample size.
8. Find the average deviation of the data 11, 7, 9, 8, 10.
A. 1.2 B. 5 C. 6 D. 9
 9. The following data represents the hours worked over an eight-week period: 25,
30, 30, 32, 30, 40, 30, 34. What is the range of this set of data?
A.10 B. 12 C. 15 D. 18
10. The following are the scores you got in 5 quizzes: 5, 3, 10, 4, 8.
What is the variance?
A. 6 B. 6.8 C. 7 D. 7.8

Additional Activities

Activity 8: Remember Me!

Let’s Find Out: Illustrate and Solve for the Measures of Variability

Let’s Use These Materials: Answer sheet and ballpen

Let’s Do It This Way:

a. Complete the table.

b. Solve for the range, average deviation, variance and standard deviation.
c. Write your answers on your answer sheet.

The table shows the record of enrolment of San Alfonso National High
School for School Year 2018-2019.

Grade Enrolment Mean Deviation Squared Deviation

7 120

8 130

9 140

10 110
 Answer Key

What I Know What’s In What I Can Do

Activity 1 1. Student A : 50,
1. A 1. Set 1: 8, Set 2: 8
2. Set 1 Student B: 51.67
2. D 3. Set 1 2. Student A
3. C What’s New 3. Student B
4. D Activity 2
5. A a. 130, 82
b. 135, 10
6. A c. 5
7. B What’s More
8. D Activity 3
1. 220
9. D 2. 28
10. A 3. 12

Assessment:

1. D
2. A
3. D
4. B
5. A
6. D
7. B
8. A
9. C
10. B
 Additional Activities
Activity 8
Grade Enrolment Mean Deviation Squared Deviation

7 120 125 5 25

8 130 125 5 25

9 140 125 15 225

10 110 125 15 225

 References

BOOKS:

Orines, Fernando B., Diaz,et. al., “Measures of Variability”. Next Century

Mathematics 8. Copyright 2013. 927 Quezon Avenue, Quezon City. Phoenix
Publishing House, Inc., p. 618-622

Dep.Ed. “Measures of Variability”.Mathematics 8 Learner’s Material. 2013Book

Media Press Incorporated, p. 542 - 548

Nocon, Ferdinand P., et.al. 2000. “Measures of Variability”. General Statistics.

National Bookstore, Mandaluyong City p. 64 - 69
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region 10

Zone 1, DepEd Building Masterson Avenue, Upper Balulang

Cagayan de Oro City, 9000
Telefax: (088) 880 7072
E-mail Address: region10@deped.gov.ph