Professional Documents
Culture Documents
7
Mathematics
First Quarter – Module 1
Sets
Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines
Mathematics – Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
First Quarter – Module 1: Sets
First Edition, 2020
Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.
Published by the Department of Education
Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
7
Mathematics
First Quarter – Module 1
Sets
This instructional material is collaboratively developed and
reviewed by educators from public schools. We encourage teachers
and other education stakeholders to email their feedback,
comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education –
Region 10 at region10@deped.gov.ph.
Your feedback and recommendations are highly valued.
The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and accomplish.
Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is capable and
empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace
and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process
the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module.
Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included
in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate
to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain
deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
Table of Contents
What I Know - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- -- - 2
Lesson 1 ---------------------- 3
What’s In - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- -- - 3
What’s New - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- -- - 4
What is It - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- -- - 5
What’s More - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- -- - 7
Lesson 2 ---------------------- 7
What’s New - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- -- - 7
What is It - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- -- - 8
What’s More - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- -- - 12
Lesson 3 ---------------------- 13
What’s New - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- -- - 13
What is It - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- -- - 14
What’s More - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- -- - 16
Lesson 4 ---------------------- 17
What’s New - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- -- - 17
What is It - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- -- - 18
What’s More - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- -- - 20
What I Can Do - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- -- - 21
Assessment - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- - - 22
References - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --- -- - - 26
What I Need to Know
This module is designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master Sets. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different ways.
The language recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are
arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you
read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
Based from the competency, this module is crafted to help the students
illustrate well-defined sets, subsets universal sets, null set, cardinality of sets, union
and intersection of two sets and difference of two sets (M7NS-1a and M7NS-1b).
1
What I Know
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Read the questions carefully and write the letter of the answers on your
answer sheet.
1. Which of the following is a well – defined set?
A. the set of happy people
2
8. Based on the given sets below, which statement is CORRECT?
A = { 1, 3, 6, 8, 9, 12, 15 } and B = {6, 9, 12}?
A. B ⊈ A C. A ∪ B = A
B. A ∩ B = ∅ D. B is the complement of A.
9. Given A = {even whole numbers that are less than 10} and
B = {prime numbers that are less than 10}, what is A∩ B?
A. A ∩ B = ∅ C. A ∩ B = { 0, 2 }
B. A ∩ B = { 2 } D. A ∩ B = { 0 , 2, 4 }
10. If M = {xIx is a number greater than 7} and
N = {yIy is an even number less than 15}, what is M ∩ N?
A. M ∩ N = ∅ C. M ∩N = { 8, 10, 12}
B. M ∩ N = { 8, 10} D. M ∩ N = { 8, 10, 12, 14}
Lesson
Introduction to Sets
1
Set is one of the most fundamental concepts in Mathematics. The set theory
which was developed in 19th century is now a common part of Mathematics and can
be used as a foundation from which nearly all of Mathematical concepts can be
derived.
What’s In
3
b. Letter a, numbers 1-3 are examples of a group. Can you think of your own
examples of a group and its members? The first one has been done for
you. Write the answer on your answer sheet.
What’s New
What Is It
4
What is a Set?
5
Ways Description Examples
Listing each element of the
1.The Roster A = {1, 2, 3, 4}
set inside the symbol { }.
Notation or B = {p, h, i, l, n, e, s}
Each distinct element is C = {5, 10, 15, …}
Listing Method listed once and the orderD of
={
listing the elements does not
matter.
Distinct element means
unique elements or has
no duplicate elements.
2. The Verbal A method of describing a set 1. Set A is the set of
Description n words. counting numbers less
than 5.
Method
2. Set B is the set of
letters in the word
“Philippines”
3. Set C is the set of
positive multiples of 5.
3. The Set A method that lists the rules 1. A = { x lx is a counting
Builder that determine whether an number less than 5 }.
“read as “the set of
Notation or object is an element of the
all x’s such that x is
Rule Method set rather than the actual a counting number
elements. less than 5”.
The vertical bar ( I)
after the first x is
translated as
“such that”.
2. B={ xlx is a letter in the
word “Philippines” }
3. C={ xIx is a positive
multiple of 5}
What’s More
6
Activity 3: Describe Me!
a. Copy and fill in the table below with the correct translation of the
given description of sets.
1. W={xIx, x is a 2.
counting number
between 2 and 15 }
3. 4. P={ Cory Aquino,
Gloria Arroyo}
Lesson
2 Types of Sets and Set Notations
What’s New
are three (3) dots (...) in set R? The three (3) dots (...) also known as ellipsis, which
7
means that there are still numbers that follow after 5 such as 6, 7, 8, and so on. In
order to understand more about these kinds of sets, let us proceed to the next
lesson.
What Is It
Types of Sets
Elements are
countable.
2. L = { 0, 1, 2, 3 }
Ellipsis
The ellipsis (…) is being added
to indicate that there are more There are more even
elements of the same kind that numbers that follows
8 like 10, 12, etc.
follows after the last identified
element in the set.
3. H = { x I x > 0 }
Types of Sets
8
1. D = { 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 }
3. Joint Sets Sets having at least one
and
common element.
E = { 2, 4, 6, 8, 9 }
Common Element
2. A = { a, b, c, d, e }
and B = { a, e, i, o, u }
4.Disjoint Sets Sets having no common 1. W = { a, b, c, d }
element. and Y ={ 1, 2, 3, 4 }
No Common Element
2. C = { 2, 4, 6, 8 }
and D = { 1, 3, 5, 7 }
9
Empty Set or Set M is an
Set A contains 5
∅ orn(A)
{ } = 5. Null Set Set Notations empty set or
elements.
M={ }
A set with no null set.
Symbols Meaning Example How To Read
element
Universal
Element Set If A = { 5, 10, 15, 20 } Universal
5 ∈ A Set
U The set of all U
possible then “ 5 is an
means that it
element of A”
∈ elements of
belongs to a 5 ∈ A, 10 ∈ A, 15 ∈ A,
any set.
⊆ given set or
Subset 1.∈ A⊆B
20 A. } ⊆ { 9,14,28 }
{ 9,14,28
member of a
Every element 2. If A = { 2, 4, 6, 8, …}
set. A is a
in A is also an and B = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, … },
A⊆B subset
Notelement
an element
in B. Ifthen
A =A {⊆5,B.10, 15, 20 } a∉A
then “ of
a isB.not
means that it If A = { 2, 4, 6, 8 } and
Not a Subset A⊈B
∉ ⊈ an element of
Set A doesnot aB∉=A,
does and
{ 1, 3, 75,∉7 A.
}, then A A” is not
belong to to
not belong a A ⊈ B. a subset
A⊈ B
given
Set B.set or of B.
not a member
of a set.
Set Notations
⊄ Proper Subset
{3} C = { 1, 2, 3{2,
} and
3} C ⊄D
The elements D = { 1, 2, 3}
Every set is
Set C is An empty set
in C are equal All elements in D are not
a subset of
is a subset of
itself.
A ⊂B all sets.
to the also elements in C. a proper
subset C ⊄D
elements to set B.
in D.
What’s More
11
Let’s Find Out: Finite or Infinite, Set Notations and Symbols, Cardinality of
Sets and Subsets
Let’s Use These Materials: Answer sheet and ballpen
Let’s Do It This Way:
a. This exercise is divided into three parts. Answer the given question
according to its direction.
b. Write the answer on your answer sheet.
I. State whether the given set is FINITE or INFINITE.
Example: { 2, 4, 6, 8, … 20 } - FINITE
1. { 0 }
2. { x I x is a whole number greater than 100 }
II. Supply the appropriate set notation and symbol to make the statement correct.
Choose from the given choices beside the given.
The first one is done for you.
1. 5 ∈ { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 } ∈ ¿ ≈
2. { o, n, e } __ { n, e, o } ∈ ¿ ≈
3. { 2, 4 } __ { 2, 4, 6 } ∈ ⊆ ¿
III. Identify the cardinality of the given set below and list its subsets.
The first one is done for you.
1. M = { 1, 2 }
Answers:
Cardinality : n( M ) = 2
Subsets : 2n = 22 = 4
The complete list of subsets : { }, { 1 }, { 2 }, { 1, 2 }
2. Y = { a, e, i }
Answers:
Cardinality : ______________
Subsets : ______________
The complete list of subsets : ______________
Lesson
Union and Intersection of Sets
W 3
12
hat’s New
Figure 1
A B C
Figure 2
D E F
Notice that in Figure 1, the objects in Box C are the objects from Box A and B.
If you combine the objects from Box A and B, the result is Box C. But take note, in
Box C, there is no repetition of objects. On the other hand, Figure 2 illustrates that
Box F is just a result if you get the common object from Box D and E.
What Is It
Venn Diagram
Meaning Representation Explanation
13
These are diagrams All elements
that make use of in A and B
geometric shapes to are contained
show relationships in the
between sets. universal set
It is very useful in (U).
showing the Sets A and B
relationship between are disjoint
sets. sets.
to set A or A ∪ B is shaded
read as Answer:
“A union B” set B or A ∪ B = { 2,3, 4, 5 }
both.
Basic Set Operations
Symbol Meaning Examples
Intersection of
1.
Sets D
∩
14
The set Given:
A∩B of elements C = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }
6
1
belongs to D = { 1, 3, 5, 7 }
read as “A
both A and
Find C ∩ D
B.
C ∩ D is shaded
Set of Answer:
the common C ∩ D = {1, 3, 5}
elements in A
and B.
2.
Given: Y Z
3 1
Y = { 3, 6, 9}
Z = { 1, 4, 7, 10} 4 7
6 9
10
Find Y ∩ Z U
Y ∩ Z has no shaded region
Answer:
Y∩Z={} null set or empty set
What’s More
15
C = { x I x is an odd number less than 9 }
5
7
Find :
1
1. A ∩ C 3 C
Answer:
A∩ C = { 2, 5 } ∩ { 1, 3, 5, 7 }
A∩C={5} U
2. (A ∪B )∩ C
3. A∩ B ∩ C
What’s New
squash
16
ampalaya
carrot
potatoes white squash
cabbage
raddish
pechay
string beans okra
eggplant
3. What are the vegetables that are inside the pentagon but not inside the circle?
What Is It
17
A–B Sets A = { 3, 4, 5, 6 }
2
The set B = { 2, 4, 6, 8} 3 4
B – A is shaded
More Examples
Given:
A = { 1, 3, 5 }
B = { 3, 4, 5 }
C = { 2, 4 }
A B
1 3
5
C
2
U
Find:
18
a.) A’ ∪ B’
b.) (A∩ C)’
c.) B – C’
Answer:
a.) A’ ∪ B’ = {1, 3, 5}’ ∪ {3, 4, 5}’
A’ ∪ B’ = {2, 4} ∪ { 1, 2}
A’ ∪ B’ = {1, 2, 4}
b.) (A ∩C )’ = ( {1, 3, 5} ∩ { 2, 4} )’
(A ∩C )’ = { }’
(A ∩C )’ = {1 ,2, 3, 4, 5 } or U
c.) B – C’ = {3, 4, 5 } – { 2 , 4 }’
B – C’ = {3, 4, 5 } – { 1, 3, 5 }
B – C’ = {4}
What’s More
Given : A = { 2, 5 },
B = { 5, 7, 9 },
C = { x I x is an odd number less than 9 }
A B
2
9
5
19
7
1
U
1. A – C
Answer:
A −¿ C = { 2, 5 } −¿ { 1, 3, 5, 7 }
A −¿ C ={2}
2. C – ( B ∩ A )
What I Can Do
20
Let’s Use These Materials: Answer sheet and ballpen
Let’s Do It This Way:
a. Apart from their Mathematical usage, we use sets in our daily life.
b. Give one (1) everyday life example of sets and explain briefly why you give
such example.
c. Write the answer on your answer sheet.
d. The first given below is your guide.
1.
Assessment
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Read the questions carefully and write the letter of the answers on your
answer sheet.
1. Which of the following is a well – defined set?
A. The set of big people.
B. The set of happy people.
C. The set of prime numbers.
D. The set of intelligent teachers.
21
X = { grapes, peaches, apples, oranges }
D. R is the set of letters in the word bank.
S is the set of letters in the word post.
4. How will you write the given set below in roster form?
P is the set of vowels used in the word “MONDAY”.
A. { o , a} C. { m, n, d, y }
B. { o, a, y } D. { m, o, n, d, a, y }
5. What is the cardinality of P = the set of English names for the days in a week?
A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8
6. If P = { a, b, c, d, e }, Q = { a, c, e, d, t } and R = { t, d, c, b, e }, then
what is P∩ Q ∩ R?
A. { a, c } C. { c, d }
B. { a, c, e } D. { c, d, e }
7. Given U = { a, d, c, r, f, v, t, w }, H= { a, d, c, v } and J = { r, c, f },
what is H ∩ J’?
A. { c } C. { a, d, v, t }
B. { a, d, v } D. { a, d, r, f, v, t }
8. What is ( A∪ B ) – C, if A = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }, B = { 2, 4, 5, 6 } and
C = { 1, 2, 4, 6 }?
A. { } C. { 3 }
B. { 2 } D. { 3, 5 }
9. Which of the following represents the shaded area in the Venn Diagram
below?
A. B’ C. B – A
B. A D. A – B
A. ( A∪ B ) ∩ C C. A U ( B – C )
B. A ∩ B ∩ C D. A’ ∪ B ∩ C
22
Additional Activities
Answer Key
4. P = { x I x is a 10. D
female President }
Lesson 4: Lesson 3
What’s New What’s More (Activity 6)
23
(Activity 7)
1. carrots, cabbage, 2. ( B∪ D ) ∩ C
okra, squash,
Lesson 2:
What’s More (Activity 4 )
I. 1. Finite III. 1. n( Y ) = 3
2. Infinite No. of Subsets: 8
{ }, { a }, { e }
{ i }, { a, e }, { a, i },
{ i, e }, { a, i, e }
II. 1. =
2. ⊆
BOOKS:
Gina Guerra and Catherine P. Vistro – Yu, Ed.D. Grade 7 Math Learning Guide.
Department of Education (2013). pp. 1 – 5.
25
26